DOCSLIB.ORG

Anguage Eform Igirinya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anguage Eform Igirinya ΎŁΎùÃÊΎŃΎΎŁΎ¢Ã`ΎŃΎΎŁΎ&8ΎŃΎΎŁΎ.`ÃΎŃΎΎŁΎ 8ΎŃΎΎŁΎ6á8ΎŃΎΎŁΎ6`ÃΎłΎΎŁΎùÃÊΎŃΎΎŁΎ¢Ã`ΎŃΎΎŁΎ&8ΎŃΎΎŁΎ.`ÃΎŃΎΎŁΎŃΎΎ ŁΎ&8ΎŃΎΎ Ł .`.`ÃΎŃ ΎŁΎ 8ΎŃΎ8Ύ ŁΎŔŋΎŁΎŔŌΎŁΎŔōΎŁΎŔŎΎŁΎŔŏΎŁΎŔŐΎŁΎŔőΎŁΎŕΎŁΎŕʼnΎŁΎŕŊΎŁΎŕŋΎŁΎŕŌΎŁΎŕōtigirayanΎŁΎŕŎΎŁΎŕŏΎŁΎŕŐΎŁΎŕőΎŁΎŖΎŁΎŖʼnΎŁΎŖŊΎŁΎŖŋΎŁΎŖŌΎŁΎŖōΎŁΎŖŎΎŁΎŖŏΎŁΎŖ ŁΎŖŊŖ ΎŁ ŖŋΎŁ ŖŖŌŌ Ł ŖōΎō Ł ŖŖŎΎŁΎŖŏΎŁΎŖŐŖŐŐΎŁ 0lΎ· 8lΎŃΎÁ#0lΎ·8á8lΎŃΎÁ#0lΎ·3lΎŃΎÁ#0lΎ·k8ÁlΎŃΎÃ(.ΎŃΎÃ(.Ύ·ÝΎŃΎÃ(.Ύ·¤lΎŃΎÃ(.Ύ·# 8lΎŃΎÃ(.Ύ·0^ÃlΎlΎl Ń Ã(.Ύ··## 88llΎŃ ÃÃ((.Ύ·0^^ÃlÃ Ń 8ΎŃΎ0ΎŁΎ6á8ΎŃΎ1ΎŁΎ6`ÃΎłΎ3ΎŁΎùÃÊΎŃΎ4ΎŁΎ¢Ã`ΎŃΎ5ΎŁΎ&8ΎŃΎ6Ύ.`ÃΎŃΎ7ΎŁΎ 8ΎŃΎ8ΎŁΎ6á8ΎŃΎ9ΎŁΎ6`ÃΎłΎ;ΎŁΎùÃÊΎŃΎ<ΎŁΎ¢Ã`ΎŃΎ=ΎŁΎ&8ΎŃΎ>ΎŁΎ.ùÃÊΎÊ ŃΎ<ΎŁΎ¢ÃÃ``ΎΎŃ ==ΎŁ &&8ΎŃΎ>ΎŁΎ.`ÃΎ` ΎřŏΎŁΎřŐΎŁΎřőΎŁΎŚΎŁΎŚʼnΎŁΎŚŊΎŁΎŚŋΎŁΎŚŌΎŁΎŚōΎŁΎŚŎΎŁΎŚŏΎŁΎŚŐΎŁΎŚőΎrevolutionŁΎśΎŁΎśʼnΎŁΎśŊΎŁΎśŋΎŁΎśŌΎŁΎśōΎŁΎśŎΎŁΎśŏΎŁΎśŐΎŁΎśőΎŁΎśŒΎŁΎśœΎŁΎśŔ ΎśŏΎŁΎśŐŐ Ł śőőΎΎŁ śśŒŒ Ł śœΎœ Ł śŔś ΎŁΎśŕΎŁΎΎŁ śŕ ŃΎÞÜq¥ΎŃΎÞÜ ΎŃΎÞÜ3ÞΎŃΎÞÜį0ΎŃΎÞÜ;ΎŃΎÞÜìΎŃΎÞÜq0^ΎŃΎÞÜ3àth pΎŃΎÞÜ3ôΎŃΎ9âΎŃΎį0k3ôΎŃ 9ââ Ń įį00k ΎŃΎ;kŃ ;kk ΎŃΎïkΎŃΎïkï SΎŁΎ 8ΎTΎŁΎ6á8ΎŃΎUΎŁΎ6`ÃΎłΎ[ΎŁΎùÃÊΎŃΎ\ΎŁΎ¢Ã`ΎŃΎ]ΎŁΎ&8ΎŃΎ^ΎŁΎ.`45 anniversaryÃΎŃΎ_ΎŁΎ 8ΎŃΎ`ΎŁΎ6á8ΎŃΎaΎŁΎ6`ÃΎłΎkΎŁΎùÃÊΎŃΎlΎŁΎ¢Ã`ΎŃΎmΎŁΎ&8Ύ `ÃΎł k Ł ùÃÊÃÊ Ń l Ł ¢ÃÃ`` Ń mΎŁΎ&8 Ń ŁΎŔŋΎŁΎŔŌΎŁΎŔōΎŁΎŔŎΎŁΎŔŏΎŁΎŔŐΎŁΎŔőΎŁΎŕΎŁΎŕʼnΎŁΎŕŊΎŁΎŕŋΎŁΎŕŌΎŁΎŕōΎŁΎŕŎΎŁΎŕŏΎŁΎŕŐΎŁΎŕőΎŁΎŖΎŁΎŖʼnΎŁΎŖŊΎŁΎŖŋΎŁΎŖŌΎŁΎŖōΎŁΎŖŎΎŁΎŖŏΎŁΎŖŁΎŖŊΎŁΎŖŋŋ Ł ŖŌΎŁ ŖŖōō Ł ŖŎ ŁΎŖŏΎŁΎŖŐΎŁŐ @kΎŃΎÁ3+kΎ@á@kΎŃΎÁ3+kΎ;¼ÁkΎŃΎÁ3+kΎ;!kΎŃΎÁ3+kΎp@ÁkΎŃΎÃ8.ΎŃΎ36ΎŃΎÁ0`ÁΎŃΎ 6ΎŃΎ86ΎŃΎ3`ÁΎŃΎ3ØΎŃΎo8ÁΎŃΎmΎŃΎ@6ΎŃΎ3`ÁΎŃ 3ØØΎŃ oo88ÁΎÁΎŃ mΎŃΎ@ ŃΎ~ΎŁΎ.`ÃΎŃΎΎŁΎ 8ΎŃΎΎŁΎ6á8ΎŃΎΎŁΎ6`ÃΎłΎΎŁΎùÃÊΎŃΎΎŁΎ¢Ã`ΎŃΎΎeditionŁΎ&8ΎŃΎΎŁΎ.`ÃΎŃΎΎŁΎ 8ΎŃΎΎŁΎ6á8ΎŃΎΎŁΎ6`ÃΎłΎΎŁΎùÃÊΎŃΎΎŁΎ¢6á8ΎŃΎΎŁ 6`6`ÃÃΎł ΎŁ ùÃùÃÊÊΎŃΎΎŁΎ¢Ã¢Ã`ΎÃ ΎřŏΎŁΎřŐΎŁΎřőΎŁΎŚΎŁΎŚʼnΎŁΎŚŊΎŁΎŚŋΎŁΎŚŌΎŁΎŚōΎŁΎŚŎΎŁΎŚŏΎŁΎŚŐΎŁΎŚőΎŁΎśΎŁΎśʼnΎŁΎśŊΎŁΎśŋΎŁΎśŌΎŁΎśōΎŁΎśŎΎŁΎśŏΎŁΎśŐΎŁΎśőΎŁΎśŒΎŁΎśœΎŁΎśŔΎśŏΎŁΎśŐśŐΎŁ śőőΎŁ śśŒŒ Ł śœΎœ Ł śŔśŔΎŁΎśŕΎŁΎΎŁΎśŕ 8.Ύ3^pΎŃΎ8.Ύ8 pΎŃΎ8.ΎÅćΎŃΎØΎŃΎ36ΎŃΎ0^ΎŃΎ 6ΎŃΎ8á6ΎŃΎ3^ΎŃΎ3ØΎŃΎÅćΎŃΎqΎŃΎqΎ80ΎŃΎqΎØΎŃΎqΎ36ΎŃΎqΎ0^ΎŃ80Ύ0 Ń qq ØØΎŃ qq 36ΎŃΎqΎ0^ ROPOSED LPANGUAGE EFORM R FOR TIGIRINYA VOLUME I — r r y — O khoùΎΎΎΎ Aph LOU T.M. KAHSSAY limited time free download all other rights reserved ROPOSED LPANGUAGE EFORM R FOR TIGIRINYA Volume I: Orthography PROPOSED L ANGUAGE REFORM FOR TIGIRINYA VOLUME I — Orthography — LOU T.M. KAHSSAY Three Qua Publishing Selesitu Qua Published by Three Qua Publishing. First published in December 2016. Copyright © 2016 Lou T.M. Kahssay All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means— electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other system—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior written permission from the copyright holder. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale. For more information about the publisher, including current contact information, visit threequa.com. The 3Q! logo—which is made up of elements resembling the numeral 3 and the tradi- tional Ethiopic character ቋ (qua) or the letter Q and the exclamation point on overlapping black and white frames—is a mark of Three Qua Publishing. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Kahssay, Lou T. M., author Proposed language reform for Ethiopia / Lou TM Kahssay. Includes bibliographical references and index. Contents: Volume I. Orthography. ISBN 978-0-9950911-0-8 (v. 1 : paperback) 1. Amharic language--Reform. 2. Tigrinya language--Reform. 3. Amharic language--Orthography and spelling. 4. Tigrinya language-- Orthography and spelling. I. Title. PJ9217.K34 2016 492’.87 C2016-902614-0 ISBN 978-0-9950911-1-5 (Volume II, paperback) To my wife, Misrak W. Kahssay And our precious, Eliana B. Kahssay And In memory of Prime Minister Meles Zenawi (May 9, 1955 – August 20, 2012), Probably the greatest leader Africa has ever produced “Meles Zenawi … emerged as perhaps the most original and intelligent African ruler of the last 50 years.” —CHRISTOPHER CLAPHAM, Professor Emeritus at the Centre of African Studies, University of Cambridge “A thousand years from now, when Ethiopians gather to welcome the fourth millennium, they shall say that the eve of the third millennium was the beginning of the end of the dark ages in Ethiopia. They shall say that the eve of the third millennium was the beginning of the Ethiopian Renaissance.” —PRIME MINISTER MELES ZENAWI From a speech the late premier delivered on September 10, 2007, which was the eve of Mesikerem 1, 2000 E.C.—the beginning of the third Ethiopian millennium Eulogies for Prime Minister Meles Zenawi “We join you in the mourning and paying tribute to a great man and a great son of Ethiopia, who is also ours as a continent. But we also celebrate his rich life that has touched millions of people in Africa. His was a life of immense courage, vision and enterprise which he devoted to the advancement of his fellow citizens in this country and across Africa. We gather here to recognize his remarkable achievement that has made us all proud—Ethiopians, Africans and beyond. ... He was a man of such a high caliber, royal talent and selflessness that we all feel the magnitude of the gap he has left. The late Prime Minister Meles Zenawi did not court greatness—he led a humble and simple but meaningful life. He was an unassuming person, but his sharp intellect and tremendous courage to face any kind of challenge made him a formidable presence. ... It is these qualities that he used to charge in the transformation of his country and that of our continent restoring the dignity of Ethiopians and Africans as a whole. “Friends and foe alike recognized and respected Meles as a man of strong convictions, principles and long-term vision. Where some could have been compromised for short time profits or gains or easily succumbed to pressures, he was steadfast and always took a definite stand on issues of right and wrong and, more often than not, he was on the side of right. … [H]e was sometimes misunderstood not because he was wrong but because he was ahead of many... For Meles, the benefits of freedom and prosperity were best [cherished] if shared with other African countries... The people of Rwanda will always remember with immense gratitude the people of Ethiopia gave our country at the time of need in the immediate aftermath of the Genocide. Ethiopians did this even when Ethiopia just started in its own transition. Meles led from the front with other leaders in working for the stability of this region in mediating in Sudan and Somalia. And in everything he did, he spared no effort, and he did not shy away from taking tough but right decisions to bring peace and security to our region. … “Prime Minister Meles Zenawi’s legacy has deep roots in the rich heritage of independence and dignity that this great nation of Ethiopia has inspired on our continent. He was a true heir and fierce champion of that tradition and sought to share it with the rest of Africa. He was a very able voice for Africa in leading NEPAD [and in] climate change, agriculture, and food security [issues], to mention just a few. ... The most befitting tribute we can pay him is to consolidate and to carry on with the work and the vision he was associated with for our continent—to make a better future for Africa. His legacy to us does not lie in the past, but in the future. There is no doubt that the ideals Meles lived for [and] the courage he showed in facing many challenges will live on and be carried forward by the millions of young energetic and motivated Ethiopians and other Africans. “May his soul rest in peace.” —Rwandan President Paul Kagame, 2012 “[W]e mourn the passage of one of the most distinguished leaders of his generation whose immense contributions to national development, regional and continental stability will be celebrated forever. History will record that Prime Minister Zenawi used his immense gift of intellect, eloquence and vision to [bring about] remarkable good and transformation for Ethiopia. Unfazed by difficulties and challenges, he spoke to the issues of his time with candor, courage and conviction. He was a truly visionary African leader who was sincerely and steadfastly committed to socio-economic development of not only the people of Ethiopia but all of Africa. Prime Minister Meles Zenawi fought … on the global stage on the issues of sustainable development, equity, international financial management and climate change. When he spoke on these issues, he spoke not only for Ethiopia, but for the entire continent of Africa. Africa owes Meles a huge depth of gratitude for his service as Chairman of the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) Heads of State and Government Orientation Committee [HSGOC] and Chairman of the African Union [Committee of African] Heads of State and Government on Climate Change [CAHOSCC]. In his immense remarkable performance in these capacities, Meles truly became the spokesman on the major issues which have become the focal point of the continent’s socio-economic and transformation agenda. I was honoured indeed to count this good son of Africa amongst my personal friends. … My country Nigeria will miss you as a great friend of our nation and all Africa will miss you as a truly selfless, forthright and an extremely dynamic leader.” —Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan, 2012 Eulogies ... (continued) “The 20th
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Specifications
    SPECIFICATIONS 9-PIN WIDE CARRIAGE IMPACT PRINTER The Versatile Data Reporter • Improved processing speed with a 64KB Input Data Buffer • Fast print speed of up to 337 Characters Per Second (12 CPI) • Achieve optimum efficiency with 5 Part Forms printout (1 original + 4 copies) • Greater connectivity with built-in USB, Serial and Parallel Interface options • Choice of 8 Built-in Bar Code formats for maximum versatility SPECIFICATIONS Weight – approx. 6.6 kg 9-PIN WIDE CARRIAGE IMPACT PRINTER 164mm PRINT DIRECTION Bi-directional with logic seeking PRINT SPEED HIGH SPEED DRAFT 10/12/15 CPI 300/337/337 cps HIGH SPEED DRAFT CONDENSED 17/20 CPI 321/300 cps 275mm DRAFT 10/12/15 CPI 225/270/225 cps 546mm DRAFT CONDENSED 17/20 CPI 191/225 cps NLQ 10/12/15/17/20 CPI 56/67/56/47/56 cps PRINT CHARACTER SETS 13 International character sets; 13 character code tables (Standard); Italic, PC437, PC850, PC860, PC861, CHARACTERISTICS PC863, PC865, Abicomp, BRASCII, Roman 8, ISO Latin 1, PC858, ISO 8859-15 BITMAP FONTS Epson Draft: 10, 12, 15 CPI; Epson Roman and Sans Serif: 10, 12, 15 CPI, Proportional BAR CODE FONT EAN-13, EAN-8, Interleaved 2 of 5, UPC-A, UPC-E, Code 39, Code 128, PostNet OPTIONS PRINTABLE PITCH(CPI) Character per line FABRIC RIBBON CARTRIDGE (BLACK) COLUMNS 10 CPI 136 FABRIC RIBBON PACK (BLACK) 12 CPI 163 SINGLE BIN CUT SHEET FEEDER 15 CPI 204 PULL TRACTOR UNIT 17 CPI CONDENSED 233 ROLL PAPER HOLDER 20 CPI CONDENSED 272 PAPER HANDLING PAPER PATH MANUAL INSERTION: Rear in, Top out PUSH TRACTOR: Rear in, Top out PULL TRACTOR: Rear/Bottom in, Top out CUT SHEET FEEDER: Rear in, Top out PAPER SIZE CUT SHEET MANUAL INSERTION Width: 148 ~ 420 mm (5.8 ~ 16.5") Length: 100 ~ 364 mm (3.9 ~ 14.3") Thickness: 0.065 ~ 0.14 mm (0.0025 ~ 0.0055") CSF SINGLE-BIN Width: 182 ~ 420 mm (7.2 ~ 16.5") Length: 210 ~ 364 mm (8.3 ~ 14.3") Thickness: 0.07 ~ 0.14 mm (0.0028 ~ 0.0055") MULTI PART Width: 148 ~ 420 mm (5.8 ~ 16.5") Length: 100 ~ 364 mm (3.9 ~ 14.3") Thickness: 0.12 ~ 0.39 mm (0.0047 ~ 0.015") (Total) ENVELOPE No.
    [Show full text]
  • Hungarian Keyboard Label Instructions and Specifications
    Smart Keyboard Solutions 1855 E Southern Avenue, Suite #213 Mesa, AZ 85204 Phone: 877-477-1988 Visit our web site at: Buy this product online SmartKeyboardSolutions.com Hungarian Keyboard Label Instructions and Specifications Table of Contents Product Description Configuring Windows 8 for Hungarian Configuring Windows 7 for Hungarian Configuring Windows XP for Hungarian Configuring Microsoft Office for Hungarian How to Install the Labels How to Use the Keyboard Layout in Windows 8 How to Use the Keyboard Layout for Windows 7, Vista, and XP How to Type Hungarian Characters Product Features 1 Product Description: The Hungarian keyboard labels are clear labels with Hungarian characters on the right side. This allows you to convert any keyboard to a bilingual Hungarian keyboard. The labels are available in green (for light or beige colored keyboards) and white (for black keyboards). Language Compatibility. The Hungarian keyboard labels are compatible with the Windows keyboard layouts used for Hungary. The labels might be compatible with earlier versions of Windows, but they have not been tested to ensure complete compatibility. Windows Compatibility. The Hungarian keyboard labels are compatible with the Hungarian keyboard layouts in Windows 8, 7, Vista, and XP. The labels might be compatible with earlier versions of Windows, but they have not been tested to ensure complete compatibility. Hardware Compatibility. Most keyboards feature the printed characters in the upper left corner of the key or the left side of the key. However, some keyboards, such as Logitech® standard keyboards, feature the characters printed in the middle of the key. The Smart Keyboard Solutions Hungarian labels are designed to be compatible with keyboards that have the keys printed on the left.
    [Show full text]
  • Different Dialects of Arabic Language
    e-ISSN : 2347 - 9671, p- ISSN : 2349 - 0187 EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review Vol - 3, Issue- 9, September 2015 Inno Space (SJIF) Impact Factor : 4.618(Morocco) ISI Impact Factor : 1.259 (Dubai, UAE) DIFFERENT DIALECTS OF ARABIC LANGUAGE ABSTRACT ifferent dialects of Arabic language have been an Dattraction of students of linguistics. Many studies have 1 Ali Akbar.P been done in this regard. Arabic language is one of the fastest growing languages in the world. It is the mother tongue of 420 million in people 1 Research scholar, across the world. And it is the official language of 23 countries spread Department of Arabic, over Asia and Africa. Arabic has gained the status of world languages Farook College, recognized by the UN. The economic significance of the region where Calicut, Kerala, Arabic is being spoken makes the language more acceptable in the India world political and economical arena. The geopolitical significance of the region and its language cannot be ignored by the economic super powers and political stakeholders. KEY WORDS: Arabic, Dialect, Moroccan, Egyptian, Gulf, Kabael, world economy, super powers INTRODUCTION DISCUSSION The importance of Arabic language has been Within the non-Gulf Arabic varieties, the largest multiplied with the emergence of globalization process in difference is between the non-Egyptian North African the nineties of the last century thank to the oil reservoirs dialects and the others. Moroccan Arabic in particular is in the region, because petrol plays an important role in nearly incomprehensible to Arabic speakers east of Algeria. propelling world economy and politics.
    [Show full text]
  • TECCS Tutorial on Keyboard Shortcuts
    TECCS Computer Repairs & IT Services Keyboard Keys & Keyboard Shortcuts www.teccs.co.uk Contents Alt ..........................................................8 AltGr......................................................8 Document Information.....................................1 Ctrl..........................................................9 Author....................................................1 Shift........................................................9 Acknowledgements...............................1 Navigation Keys.................................................9 Publication Date....................................1 Arrow Keys............................................9 Category and Level...............................1 End..........................................................9 Getting Started...................................................2 Home......................................................9 Keyboard Keys & Keyboard Shortcuts Explained................................................2 Navigation Keys...............................................10 Tutorial Outline and Outcome............2 Page Down...........................................10 Tutorial Requirements.........................2 Page Up................................................10 Additional Requirements.....................2 Tab........................................................10 The Keyboard.....................................................3 System and GUI Keys......................................10 Character, Number and Symbol
    [Show full text]
  • ISO Basic Latin Alphabet
    ISO basic Latin alphabet The ISO basic Latin alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet and consists of two sets of 26 letters, codified in[1] various national and international standards and used widely in international communication. The two sets contain the following 26 letters each:[1][2] ISO basic Latin alphabet Uppercase Latin A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z alphabet Lowercase Latin a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z alphabet Contents History Terminology Name for Unicode block that contains all letters Names for the two subsets Names for the letters Timeline for encoding standards Timeline for widely used computer codes supporting the alphabet Representation Usage Alphabets containing the same set of letters Column numbering See also References History By the 1960s it became apparent to thecomputer and telecommunications industries in the First World that a non-proprietary method of encoding characters was needed. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) encapsulated the Latin script in their (ISO/IEC 646) 7-bit character-encoding standard. To achieve widespread acceptance, this encapsulation was based on popular usage. The standard was based on the already published American Standard Code for Information Interchange, better known as ASCII, which included in the character set the 26 × 2 letters of the English alphabet. Later standards issued by the ISO, for example ISO/IEC 8859 (8-bit character encoding) and ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode Latin), have continued to define the 26 × 2 letters of the English alphabet as the basic Latin script with extensions to handle other letters in other languages.[1] Terminology Name for Unicode block that contains all letters The Unicode block that contains the alphabet is called "C0 Controls and Basic Latin".
    [Show full text]
  • Turkish Q Keyboard Label Instructions and Specifications
    Smart Keyboard Solutions 1855 E Southern Avenue, Suite #213 Mesa, AZ 85204 Phone: 877-477-1988 Visit our web site at: Buy this product online SmartKeyboardSolutions.com Turkish Q Keyboard Label Instructions and Specifications Table of Contents Configuring Windows 8 for Turkish Configuring Windows 7 and Vista for Turkish Q Configuring Windows XP for Turkish Q Configuring Microsoft Office for Turkish Q How to Install the Labels How to Use the Keyboard Layout in Windows 8 How to Use the Keyboard Layout in Windows 7, Vista, and XP How to Type Turkish Q Characters Product Features 1 Product Description: The Turkish Q keyboard labels are clear labels with Turkish Q characters on the right side. This allows you to convert any keyboard to a bilingual Turkish Q keyboard. The labels are available in green (for light or beige colored keyboards) and white (for black keyboards). Language Compatibility. The Turkish Q keyboard labels are compatible with the Windows Turkish Q keyboard layout. The Turkish F keyboard layout is widely used in Turkey; the Turkish Q keyboard layout is used everywhere else because it is very similar to the US QWERTY keyboard layout. Windows Compatibility. The Turkish Q keyboard labels are compatible with the Turkish Q keyboard layouts in Windows 8, 7, Vista, and XP. The labels might be compatible with other versions of Windows, but they have not been tested to ensure complete compatibility. Note: the Alt+Gr "T" character that is in Windows 8 does not appear in the sticker set. Hardware Compatibility. Most keyboards feature the printed characters in the upper left corner of the key or the left side of the key.
    [Show full text]
  • COSC345 Week 24 Internationalisation And
    COSC345 Week 24 Internationalisation and Localisation 29 September 2015 Richard A. O'Keefe 1 From a Swedish h^otelroom Hj¨alposs att v¨arnerom v˚armilj¨o! F¨oratt minska utsl¨appav tv¨attmedel, byter vi Er handduk bara n¨arNi vill: 1. Handduk p˚agolvet | betyder att Ni vill ha byte 2. ... 2 The translation Help us to care for our environment! To reduce the use of laundry detergents, we shall change your towel as follows: 1. Towel on the floor | you want to have a new towel. 2. Towel hung up | you want to use it again. 3 People should be able to use computers in their own language. | It's just right not to make people struggle with unfamiliar lin- guistic and cultural codes. | Sensible people won't pay for programs that are hard to use. | Internationalisation (I18N) means making a program so that it does not enforce a particular language or set of cultural conventions | Localisation (L10N) means adapting an internationalised pro- gram to a particular language etc. | UNIX, VMS, Windows, all support internationalisation and lo- calisation; the Macintosh operating system has done this better for longer. 4 Characters You know that there are 26 letters in 2 cases. But Swedish has ˚a,¨a,¨o, A,˚ A,¨ and O¨ (29 letters), Croatian has d j, D j, D J, and others (3 cases), German has ß, which has no single upper case version (might be SS, might be SZ, both of which are two letters), Latin-1 has 58 letters in 2 cases (including 2 lower case letters with no upper case version), Arabic letters have 4 contextual shapes (beginning, middle, or end of word, or isolated), which are not case variants (Greek has one such letter, and Hebrew has several; even English used to), and Chinese has tens of thousands of characters.
    [Show full text]
  • 5892 Cisco Category: Standards Track August 2010 ISSN: 2070-1721
    Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) P. Faltstrom, Ed. Request for Comments: 5892 Cisco Category: Standards Track August 2010 ISSN: 2070-1721 The Unicode Code Points and Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA) Abstract This document specifies rules for deciding whether a code point, considered in isolation or in context, is a candidate for inclusion in an Internationalized Domain Name (IDN). It is part of the specification of Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications 2008 (IDNA2008). Status of This Memo This is an Internet Standards Track document. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5892. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fontspec Package Font Selection for XƎLATEX and Lualatex
    The fontspec package Font selection for XƎLATEX and LuaLATEX Will Robertson and Khaled Hosny [email protected] 2013/05/12 v2.3b Contents 7.5 Different features for dif- ferent font sizes . 14 1 History 3 8 Font independent options 15 2 Introduction 3 8.1 Colour . 15 2.1 About this manual . 3 8.2 Scale . 16 2.2 Acknowledgements . 3 8.3 Interword space . 17 8.4 Post-punctuation space . 17 3 Package loading and options 4 8.5 The hyphenation character 18 3.1 Maths fonts adjustments . 4 8.6 Optical font sizes . 18 3.2 Configuration . 5 3.3 Warnings .......... 5 II OpenType 19 I General font selection 5 9 Introduction 19 9.1 How to select font features 19 4 Font selection 5 4.1 By font name . 5 10 Complete listing of OpenType 4.2 By file name . 6 font features 20 10.1 Ligatures . 20 5 Default font families 7 10.2 Letters . 20 6 New commands to select font 10.3 Numbers . 21 families 7 10.4 Contextuals . 22 6.1 More control over font 10.5 Vertical Position . 22 shape selection . 8 10.6 Fractions . 24 6.2 Math(s) fonts . 10 10.7 Stylistic Set variations . 25 6.3 Miscellaneous font select- 10.8 Character Variants . 25 ing details . 11 10.9 Alternates . 25 10.10 Style . 27 7 Selecting font features 11 10.11 Diacritics . 29 7.1 Default settings . 11 10.12 Kerning . 29 7.2 Changing the currently se- 10.13 Font transformations . 30 lected features .
    [Show full text]
  • Kyrillische Schrift Für Den Computer
    Hanna-Chris Gast Kyrillische Schrift für den Computer Benennung der Buchstaben, Vergleich der Transkriptionen in Bibliotheken und Standesämtern, Auflistung der Unicodes sowie Tastaturbelegung für Windows XP Inhalt Seite Vorwort ................................................................................................................................................ 2 1 Kyrillische Schriftzeichen mit Benennung................................................................................... 3 1.1 Die Buchstaben im Russischen mit Schreibschrift und Aussprache.................................. 3 1.2 Kyrillische Schriftzeichen anderer slawischer Sprachen.................................................... 9 1.3 Veraltete kyrillische Schriftzeichen .................................................................................... 10 1.4 Die gebräuchlichen Sonderzeichen ..................................................................................... 11 2 Transliterationen und Transkriptionen (Umschriften) .......................................................... 13 2.1 Begriffe zum Thema Transkription/Transliteration/Umschrift ...................................... 13 2.2 Normen und Vorschriften für Bibliotheken und Standesämter....................................... 15 2.3 Tabellarische Übersicht der Umschriften aus dem Russischen ....................................... 21 2.4 Transliterationen veralteter kyrillischer Buchstaben ....................................................... 25 2.5 Transliterationen bei anderen slawischen
    [Show full text]
  • Morse Code (Edited from Wikipedia)
    Morse Code (Edited from Wikipedia) SUMMARY Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment. It is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns) as standardized sequences of short and long signals called "dots" and "dashes", or "dits" and "dahs", as in amateur radio practice. Because many non-English natural languages use more than the 26 Roman letters, extensions to the Morse alphabet exist for those languages. Each Morse code symbol represents either a text character (letter or numeral) or a prosign and is represented by a unique sequence of dots and dashes. The duration of a dash is three times the duration of a dot. Each dot or dash is followed by a short silence, equal to the dot duration. The letters of a word are separated by a space equal to three dots (one dash), and the words are separated by a space equal to seven dots. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in code transmission. To increase the speed of the communication, the code was designed so that the length of each character in Morse is shorter the more frequently it is used in the language. Thus the most common letter in English, the letter "E", has the shortest code, a single dot.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR
    Proposal for Ethiopic Script Root Zone LGR LGR Version 2 Date: 2017-05-17 Document version:5.2 Authors: Ethiopic Script Generation Panel Contents 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract ........................................................................................ 3 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ................................................................................................ 3 3 Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It .................................................................... 4 3.1 Local Languages Using the Script .............................................................................................. 4 3.2 Geographic Territories of the Language or the Language Map of Ethiopia ................................ 7 4 Overall Development Process and Methodology .............................................................................. 8 4.1 Sources Consulted to Determine the Repertoire....................................................................... 8 4.2 Team Composition and Diversity .............................................................................................. 9 4.3 Analysis of Code Point Repertoire .......................................................................................... 10 4.4 Analysis of Code Point Variants .............................................................................................. 11 5 Repertoire ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]