ISO Basic Latin Alphabet
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The Origin of the Peculiarities of the Vietnamese Alphabet André-Georges Haudricourt
The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet André-Georges Haudricourt To cite this version: André-Georges Haudricourt. The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet. Mon-Khmer Studies, 2010, 39, pp.89-104. halshs-00918824v2 HAL Id: halshs-00918824 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00918824v2 Submitted on 17 Dec 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Published in Mon-Khmer Studies 39. 89–104 (2010). The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet by André-Georges Haudricourt Translated by Alexis Michaud, LACITO-CNRS, France Originally published as: L’origine des particularités de l’alphabet vietnamien, Dân Việt Nam 3:61-68, 1949. Translator’s foreword André-Georges Haudricourt’s contribution to Southeast Asian studies is internationally acknowledged, witness the Haudricourt Festschrift (Suriya, Thomas and Suwilai 1985). However, many of Haudricourt’s works are not yet available to the English-reading public. A volume of the most important papers by André-Georges Haudricourt, translated by an international team of specialists, is currently in preparation. Its aim is to share with the English- speaking academic community Haudricourt’s seminal publications, many of which address issues in Southeast Asian languages, linguistics and social anthropology. -
INTERSKILL MAINFRAME QUARTERLY December 2011
INTERSKILL MAINFRAME QUARTERLY December 2011 Retaining Data Center Skills Inside This Issue and Knowledge Retaining Data Center Skills and Knowledge 1 Interskill Releases - December 2011 2 By Greg Hamlyn Vendor Briefs 3 This the final chapter of this four part series that briefly Taking Care of Storage 4 explains the data center skills crisis and the pros and cons of Learning Spotlight – Managing Projects 5 implementing a coaching or mentoring program. In this installment we will look at some of the steps to Tech-Head Knowledge Test – Utilizing ISPF 5 implementing a program such as this into your data center. OPINION: The Case for a Fresh Technical If you missed these earlier installments, click the links Opinion 6 below. TECHNICAL: Lost in Translation Part 1 - EBCDIC Code Pages 7 Part 1 – The Data Center Skills Crisis MAINFRAME – Weird and Unusual! 10 Part 2 – How Can I Prevent Skills Loss in My Data Center? Part 3 – Barriers to Implementing a Coaching or Mentoring Program should consider is the GROW model - Determine whether an external consultant should be Part Four – Implementing a Successful Coaching used (include pros and cons) - Create a basic timeline of the project or Mentoring Program - Identify how you will measure the effectiveness of the project The success of any project comes down to its planning. If - Provide some basic steps describing the coaching you already believe that your data center can benefit from and mentoring activities skills and knowledge transfer and that coaching and - Next phase if the pilot program is deemed successful mentoring will assist with this, then outlining a solid (i.e. -
Australian Pathology Messaging - Localisation of HL7 Version 2.4
Australian Pathology Messaging - Localisation of HL7 Version 2.4 Sponsored by: The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA)/HL7 Australia HL7 Australia Orders and Observations Co-chairs: Michael Legg, RCPA and Michael Legg & Associates Andrew McIntyre, Medical Objects Editors Eric Browne, Montage Systems David McKillop, Australian Digital Health Agency Jared Davison, Medical Objects Donna Moore, RCPA Joint Copyright © 2016 Health Level Seven International ® and Health Level Seven Australia Inc ABN 35 556 933 588 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The reproduction of this material in any form is strictly forbidden without the written permission of the publishers. HL7 International and Health Level Seven are registered trademarks of Health Level Seven International. Questions or comments regarding this document should be directed to Michael Legg ( [email protected]) or Andrew McIntyre ( a [email protected]) Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Patient Administration for Pathology 3 Datatypes 4 Observation Reporting 5 Observation Ordering 6 Identifiers Appendix 1 Parsing HL7v2 Appendix 2 Rendering of reports and display format Appendix 3 Common Errors Appendix 4 HL7 Code Tables Appendix 5 Conformance statements Appendix 6 Example messages Index of Tables Table 1-1. Message Element Attributes Table 1-2. Usage Conformance Testing Recommendations Table 6-1. Identifiers examples Table of Figures Figure 2-1. HL7 message segments Figure 3-1. HL7 data types by category Figure 3-2. Subcomponents of order sequences Figure 5-1. RU and RO usage (example) Figure 5-2. RQ and RO usage (example) Figure 5-3. Example of two child orders 1 Introduction Australian Pathology Messaging - Localisation of HL7 Version 2.4, Release 1 is the Australian localisation of the HL7 V2 Laboratory ordering and result reporting specification. -
Roman Numerals
History of Numbers 1c. I can distinguish between an additive and positional system, and convert between Roman and Hindu-Arabic numbers. Roman Numerals The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome (753 BC–476 AD) and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. By the 11th century, the more efJicient Hindu–Arabic numerals had been introduced into Europe by way of Arab traders. Roman numerals, however, remained in commo use well into the 14th and 15th centuries, even in accounting and other business records (where the actual calculations would have been made using an abacus). Roman numerals are still used today, in certain contexts. See: Modern Uses of Roman Numerals Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, are based on seven symbols: The numbers 1 to 10 are expressed in Roman numerals as: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X. This an additive system. Numbers are formed by combining symbols and adding together their values. For example, III is three (three ones) and XIII is thirteen (a ten plus three ones). Because each symbol (I, V, X ...) has a Jixed value rather than representing multiples of ten, one hundred and so on (according to the numeral's position) there is no need for “place holding” zeros, as in numbers like 207 or 1066. Using Roman numerals, those numbers are written as CCVII (two hundreds, plus a ive and two ones) and MLXVI (a thousand plus a ifty plus a ten, a ive and a one). -
Specifications
SPECIFICATIONS 9-PIN WIDE CARRIAGE IMPACT PRINTER The Versatile Data Reporter • Improved processing speed with a 64KB Input Data Buffer • Fast print speed of up to 337 Characters Per Second (12 CPI) • Achieve optimum efficiency with 5 Part Forms printout (1 original + 4 copies) • Greater connectivity with built-in USB, Serial and Parallel Interface options • Choice of 8 Built-in Bar Code formats for maximum versatility SPECIFICATIONS Weight – approx. 6.6 kg 9-PIN WIDE CARRIAGE IMPACT PRINTER 164mm PRINT DIRECTION Bi-directional with logic seeking PRINT SPEED HIGH SPEED DRAFT 10/12/15 CPI 300/337/337 cps HIGH SPEED DRAFT CONDENSED 17/20 CPI 321/300 cps 275mm DRAFT 10/12/15 CPI 225/270/225 cps 546mm DRAFT CONDENSED 17/20 CPI 191/225 cps NLQ 10/12/15/17/20 CPI 56/67/56/47/56 cps PRINT CHARACTER SETS 13 International character sets; 13 character code tables (Standard); Italic, PC437, PC850, PC860, PC861, CHARACTERISTICS PC863, PC865, Abicomp, BRASCII, Roman 8, ISO Latin 1, PC858, ISO 8859-15 BITMAP FONTS Epson Draft: 10, 12, 15 CPI; Epson Roman and Sans Serif: 10, 12, 15 CPI, Proportional BAR CODE FONT EAN-13, EAN-8, Interleaved 2 of 5, UPC-A, UPC-E, Code 39, Code 128, PostNet OPTIONS PRINTABLE PITCH(CPI) Character per line FABRIC RIBBON CARTRIDGE (BLACK) COLUMNS 10 CPI 136 FABRIC RIBBON PACK (BLACK) 12 CPI 163 SINGLE BIN CUT SHEET FEEDER 15 CPI 204 PULL TRACTOR UNIT 17 CPI CONDENSED 233 ROLL PAPER HOLDER 20 CPI CONDENSED 272 PAPER HANDLING PAPER PATH MANUAL INSERTION: Rear in, Top out PUSH TRACTOR: Rear in, Top out PULL TRACTOR: Rear/Bottom in, Top out CUT SHEET FEEDER: Rear in, Top out PAPER SIZE CUT SHEET MANUAL INSERTION Width: 148 ~ 420 mm (5.8 ~ 16.5") Length: 100 ~ 364 mm (3.9 ~ 14.3") Thickness: 0.065 ~ 0.14 mm (0.0025 ~ 0.0055") CSF SINGLE-BIN Width: 182 ~ 420 mm (7.2 ~ 16.5") Length: 210 ~ 364 mm (8.3 ~ 14.3") Thickness: 0.07 ~ 0.14 mm (0.0028 ~ 0.0055") MULTI PART Width: 148 ~ 420 mm (5.8 ~ 16.5") Length: 100 ~ 364 mm (3.9 ~ 14.3") Thickness: 0.12 ~ 0.39 mm (0.0047 ~ 0.015") (Total) ENVELOPE No. -
Unicode and Code Page Support
Natural for Mainframes Unicode and Code Page Support Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes October 2009 This document applies to Natural Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes and to all subsequent releases. Specifications contained herein are subject to change and these changes will be reported in subsequent release notes or new editions. Copyright © Software AG 1979-2009. All rights reserved. The name Software AG, webMethods and all Software AG product names are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Software AG and/or Software AG USA, Inc. Other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners. Table of Contents 1 Unicode and Code Page Support .................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 About Code Pages and Unicode ................................................................................ 4 About Unicode and Code Page Support in Natural .................................................. 5 ICU on Mainframe Platforms ..................................................................................... 6 3 Unicode and Code Page Support in the Natural Programming Language .................... 7 Natural Data Format U for Unicode-Based Data ....................................................... 8 Statements .................................................................................................................. 9 Logical -
Early-Alphabets-3.Pdf
Early Alphabets Alphabetic characteristics 1 Cretan Pictographs 11 Hieroglyphics 16 The Phoenician Alphabet 24 The Greek Alphabet 31 The Latin Alphabet 39 Summary 53 GDT-101 / HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN / EARLY ALPHABETS 1 / 53 Alphabetic characteristics 3,000 BCE Basic building blocks of written language GDT-101 / HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN / EARLY ALPHABETS / Alphabetic Characteristics 2 / 53 Early visual language systems were disparate and decentralized 3,000 BCE Protowriting, Cuneiform, Heiroglyphs and far Eastern writing all functioned differently Rebuses, ideographs, logograms, and syllabaries · GDT-101 / HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN / EARLY ALPHABETS / Alphabetic Characteristics 3 / 53 HIEROGLYPHICS REPRESENTING THE REBUS PRINCIPAL · BEE & LEAF · SEA & SUN · BELIEF AND SEASON GDT-101 / HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN / EARLY ALPHABETS / Alphabetic Characteristics 4 / 53 PETROGLYPHIC PICTOGRAMS AND IDEOGRAPHS · CIRCA 200 BCE · UTAH, UNITED STATES GDT-101 / HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN / EARLY ALPHABETS / Alphabetic Characteristics 5 / 53 LUWIAN LOGOGRAMS · CIRCA 1400 AND 1200 BCE · TURKEY GDT-101 / HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN / EARLY ALPHABETS / Alphabetic Characteristics 6 / 53 OLD PERSIAN SYLLABARY · 600 BCE GDT-101 / HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN / EARLY ALPHABETS / Alphabetic Characteristics 7 / 53 Alphabetic structure marked an enormous societal leap 3,000 BCE Power was reserved for those who could read and write · GDT-101 / HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN / EARLY ALPHABETS / Alphabetic Characteristics 8 / 53 What is an alphabet? Definition An alphabet is a set of visual symbols or characters used to represent the elementary sounds of a spoken language. –PM · GDT-101 / HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN / EARLY ALPHABETS / Alphabetic Characteristics 9 / 53 What is an alphabet? Definition They can be connected and combined to make visual configurations signifying sounds, syllables, and words uttered by the human mouth. -
The Origins of the Alphabet but Their Numbers Tally Into of Greeks and Later Through Their Manuscripts
1 ORIGINS OF THE ALPHABET gchgchgchgchgchgchgchgcggchgchgchgchgchgchggchch disadvantages to this system: not the development of the alphabet, letters developed as a natural result of only were the symbols complex, for it was through the auspices the use of the fl exible reed pen for writing The origins of the alphabet but their numbers tally into of Greeks and later through their manuscripts. Lowercase letters for the begin within the shadowy realms of the tens of thousands, making cultural admirers, the Romans, most part require fewer strokes for their prehistory. At some time within that learning diffi cult and writing slow. that the alphabet was to fi nally formation, allowing the scribes to fi t more shadowed prehistory, humankind An early culture that take on a distinct resemblance letters in a line of type. The combination began to communicate visually. inspired to innovate a simpler, to the modern Western alphabet. of speed and space conservation was Motivated by the need to communicate more effi cient writing system was important to monks writing lengthy facts about the environment around the Phoenicians. The Phoenicians manuscripts on expensive parchment, them, humans made simple drawings v were a wide-fl ung trading people When the Romans adopted and the use of lowercase letters was widely of everyday objects such as people, of great vitality, with complex the Greek alphabet, along with adopted in animals, weapons and so forth. These business transactions that other aspects of Greek culture, a relatively object drawings are called pictographs. required accurate record keeping. they continued the development short time It was through their need for and usage of the alphabet. -
DMV Driver Manual
New Hampshire Driver Manual i 6WDWHRI1HZ+DPSVKLUH DEPARTMENT OF SAFETY DIVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLES MESSAGE FROM THE DIVISION OF MOTOR VEHICLES Driving a motor vehicle on New Hampshire roadways is a privilege and as motorists, we all share the responsibility for safe roadways. Safe drivers and safe vehicles make for safe roadways and we are pleased to provide you with this driver manual to assist you in learning New Hampshire’s motor vehicle laws, rules of the road, and safe driving guidelines, so that you can begin your journey of becoming a safe driver. The information in this manual will not only help you navigate through the process of obtaining a New Hampshire driver license, but it will highlight safe driving tips and techniques that can help prevent accidents and may even save a life. One of your many responsibilities as a driver will include being familiar with the New Hampshire motor vehicle laws. This manual includes a review of the laws, rules and regulations that directly or indirectly affect you as the operator of a motor vehicle. Driving is a task that requires your full attention. As a New Hampshire driver, you should be prepared for changes in the weather and road conditions, which can be a challenge even for an experienced driver. This manual reviews driving emergencies and actions that the driver may take in order to avoid a major collision. No one knows when an emergency situation will arise and your ability to react to a situation depends on your alertness. Many factors, such as impaired vision, fatigue, alcohol or drugs will impact your ability to drive safely. -
Contribution to the Federation of the Asynchronous Smartsantander Service Layer Within the European Fed4fire Context
UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA Master Degree in Telecommunication Engineering Contribution to the Federation of the asynchronous SmartSantander service layer within the European Fed4FIRE context. Advisor Student Michele Zorzi ala Leo Turi Co-Advisors Luis Muñoz Pablo Sotres Department of Information Engineering Academic Year 2014/2015 13th October, 2015 To my parents. For all they do, all they go through while I am away, and for all the love they give me. Every time, everywhere I am. I love you. To Pippo, Matt, Fede, Gi and Eleo. And to Gabb and Marco, newly found. You’re the brothers and sisters I never had. I’m glad I met you all. To the "malvagi", our beautiful and varied TLC group. I hope we won’t lose contact in the next years, for I would miss you all deeply. You were the best classmates ever. To all the guys of the TLMAT lab: JuanRa, Rafa, Carmen, Luisco, David, Jabo, Javi, Laura, Nacho, Pablo Martinez y Pablo Garrido (el Aleman!), Vero, Jose, Jesus. To Ramon Aguero, Luis Sánchez and Jorge. You were the warmest hosts I could ever find. And, last but not least, To Pablo Sotres, who was my tutor at Unican, helped me write my thesis, and always found time to assist me (Sundays and Holidays as well). I’m happy your eternal cough ceased way before I left. ∼ You have my deepest thanks. Finally, I’d like to acknowledge the guide of Prof. Zorzi and Prof. Muñoz. Their words and trust have been fundamental during this important experience. “It’s the questions we can’t answer that teach us the most. -
Old Cyrillic in Unicode*
Old Cyrillic in Unicode* Ivan A Derzhanski Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [email protected] The current version of the Unicode Standard acknowledges the existence of a pre- modern version of the Cyrillic script, but its support thereof is limited to assigning code points to several obsolete letters. Meanwhile mediæval Cyrillic manuscripts and some early printed books feature a plethora of letter shapes, ligatures, diacritic and punctuation marks that want proper representation. (In addition, contemporary editions of mediæval texts employ a variety of annotation signs.) As generally with scripts that predate printing, an obvious problem is the abundance of functional, chronological, regional and decorative variant shapes, the precise details of whose distribution are often unknown. The present contents of the block will need to be interpreted with Old Cyrillic in mind, and decisions to be made as to which remaining characters should be implemented via Unicode’s mechanism of variation selection, as ligatures in the typeface, or as code points in the Private space or the standard Cyrillic block. I discuss the initial stage of this work. The Unicode Standard (Unicode 4.0.1) makes a controversial statement: The historical form of the Cyrillic alphabet is treated as a font style variation of modern Cyrillic because the historical forms are relatively close to the modern appearance, and because some of them are still in modern use in languages other than Russian (for example, U+0406 “I” CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I is used in modern Ukrainian and Byelorussian). Some of the letters in this range were used in modern typefaces in Russian and Bulgarian. -
Threshold Digraphs
Volume 119 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.119.007 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Threshold Digraphs Brian Cloteaux1, M. Drew LaMar2, Elizabeth Moseman1, and James Shook1 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 2The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] A digraph whose degree sequence has a unique vertex labeled realization is called threshold. In this paper we present several characterizations of threshold digraphs and their degree sequences, and show these characterizations to be equivalent. Using this result, we obtain a new, short proof of the Fulkerson-Chen theorem on degree sequences of general digraphs. Key words: digraph realizations; Fulkerson-Chen theorem; threshold digraphs. Accepted: May 6, 2014 Published: May 20, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.119.007 1. Introduction Creating models of real-world networks, such as social and biological interactions, is a central task for understanding and measuring the behavior of these networks. A usual first step in this type of model creation is to construct a digraph with a given degree sequence. We examine the extreme case of digraph construction where for a given degree sequence there is exactly one digraph that can be created. What follows is a brief introduction to the notation used in the paper. For notation not otherwise defined, see Diestel [1]. We let G=( VE , ) be a digraph where E is a set of ordered pairs called arcs. If (,vw )∈ E, then we say w is an out-neighbor of v and v is an in-neighbor of w.