DOCSLIB.ORG

A STUDY of the VASCULAR ORGANIZATION of BAMBOOS (POACEAE-BAMBUSEAE) USING a MICROCASTING METHOD by Jean-Pierre Andre

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A STUDY of the VASCULAR ORGANIZATION of BAMBOOS (POACEAE-BAMBUSEAE) USING a MICROCASTING METHOD by Jean-Pierre Andre IAWA Journal, Vol. 19 (3),1998: 265-278 A STUDY OF THE VASCULAR ORGANIZATION OF BAMBOOS (POACEAE-BAMBUSEAE) USING A MICROCASTING METHOD by Jean-Pierre Andre INRA, P. O. Box 2078, 06600 Antibes, France SUMMARY A reliable and simple microcasting method is applied to the study of the vascular structure in bamboo nodes; it provides new insights into their complexity, revealing the exact arrangement of branched vessels and clustered tracheary elements. Axial differentiation gradients in the metaxylem cell files, probable relics of the intercalary meristem, can also be found using this method. This anatomical finding can be linked to arecent hypothesis on the continuum in the tracheary element differ­ entiation. Key words: Metaxylem, vascular bundle, vessel, bamboo, node-inter­ calary meristem. INTRODUCTION Numerous anatomical details on the bamboo vascular organization have been de­ scribed in the last 20 years (Zee 1974; Yulong & Liese 1997) but it is obvious that the classical histological methods - serial sections, macerated sampies, cleared prepara­ tions - hardly give an adequate three-dimensional understanding of such extensive and complex anatomical structures. A new casting method reaches this goal much more easily; it allows one to visual­ ize the vessels of a culm segment and to accurately examine cell file casts in their original arrangement (Andre 1993). This has been recently applied to 25 bamboo species in order to complete earlier observations (Andre 1996). The method reveals the exact features of the bundle ramifications in the form of tracheary element clus­ ters and their mode of mutual connections, allowing hypotheses on the bundle organi­ zation in the wh oie mature plant. Moreover, by these means it was found that the internodes of the aerial axes show a probable trace of their intercalary meristem in the form of a short differentiation gradient of the secondary wall thickening in the metaxylem vessels. Assumptions conceming these particular 'transition' structures, which have not as yet been describ­ ed for Poaceae, can be made on the basis of the concept of procambium - metacambium continuum according to Larson (1982) and of the differentiation continuum hypoth­ esis by Savidge (1996). Other casting methods have recently been published (Fujii 1993; Fujii & Hatano 1996) but, to our knowledge, have not been applied to this area. Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 08:39:40PM via free access 266 IAWA Journal, Vol. 19 (3),1998 Table 1, Classification of the studied species. Subtribe Species Arundinariinae Arundinaria distichus (Mitf.) Muroi & Okamura* linearis (Hack.) Nakai* DrepanostachyumJalcatum (Nees) Keng f. Fargesia nitida (Mitf.) Nakai** Pseudosasa japonica Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud. Sasa palmata var. nebulosa (Mak.) s. Susuki Shibateinae Chimonobambusa marmorea (Mitf.) Mak. quadrangularis (Munro Nakai) Fenzi Mak. Hibanobambusa tranquillans var. shirochima (Koidz.)*** Phyllostachys aurea Carr./ A. & C. Riv. aureosulcata MacClure bambusoi'des var. castilloni Madiar & Carr. Mak. var. violascens A. & C. Riv. flexuosa Carr./ A. & C. Riv. nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro viridiglaucescens Carr./A. & C. Riv. viridis Robert Young Semiarundinaria kagamiana Mak. fastuosa (Marliac ex. Mitf.) Mak. ex Nakai Bambusinae Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Reuschel ex. Schult. f. multiplex cv. eIe gans multiplex cv. golden goddess tuldoi'des (Munro) ventricosa MacClure Guaduinae Otatea aztecorum (Mac Cl ure & Smith) Calderon *: synonym Pleioblastus; **: synonym Sinarundinaria; ***: probably a hybrid of Sasa x Phyllostachys (Demoly 1996). MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material The 25 bamboo speeies whieh were studied are from 4 of the 9 subtribes and from 11 of the 69 genera reeently reeognized for woody bamboos (Clark 1995) (Table 1). The speeies were eolleeted from three plaees in the South ofFranee ('Jardin Thuret' in Antibes, 'Bambouseraie du Mandarin' in Montauroux, and 'Bambouseraie de Prafranee' in Anduze). Two mature eulms ofless than three years old, plus a growing eulm of Bambusa tuldoides, were cut at soillevel and sampled for eaeh speeies. For one speeies, Phyllostachys viridis, the eulm was sampled with its rhizome. The spe­ eies originated from regions of similar climate, but differed in numerous morphologi- Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 08:39:40PM via free access Andre - Microcasting of vascular bundles in bamboos 267 cal characters, namely the culm size and axis architecture, which are not analyzed here. The nodes were numbered from the soil level, positively for the aerial part, negatively for the underground part. The diameter and length of the internodes were measured. The nodes to be cast were sawn 2-3 cm above and below the leaf sheath scar. The sawn rims were carefully recut with a razor blade. Slices of adjacent internodes were kept for bundle counting. Methods For the casting, the air-dried segments were immersed in a liquid mixture of two silicon elastomer components (RTV 141, Rhöne Poulenc, France) and evacuated in a vacuum chamber at room temperature. As soon as the vacuum was broken, the elastomer penetrated each empty space, namely the intracellular lumina of the cut metaxylem vessels and the intercellular cavities which formed in the bundles of age­ ing or dried bamboos, between the partially collapsed protoxylem and protophloem cell files. The injection speed depended on the pore size. In order to limit the catalyzed setting of the mixture, the culm segments were kept at a low temperature (-18°) for 10 hours. The intracellular injection was stopped by intact pits, but easily passed through the perforations. Thus, it was possible to cast files containing several hun­ dred cells. After this step, the elastomer was cured at 50 oe for 4 hours and became a transpar­ ent, elastic and chemically inert material. The cell walls were then destroyed by suc­ cessive bathing in solutions of sulfuric acid (H 2S04, 2H20), sodium bicarbonate (l mole/l) and sodium hypochlorite (2 moles/l). The casts ofthe metaxylem vessels and the cavities where the protoxylem and part of the phloem cell files were embed­ ded, were shaped like tiny filaments soldered at each end to a small elastomer block. They were covered by a water film for optimal observation under a light microscope and photographed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after standard coating with gold (Andre 1993). RESULTS Macroscopical description The bamboos form vegetative axes from the buds, which are in distichous alter­ nate positions at the rhizome, culm and branch nodes. Each axis consists of similar metamers where diameters are relatively constant in the rhizome. They increase from one metamer to the next in the underground part of the culm, then decrease in the aerial part at the rate of approximately 3-5 mm/m of culm, and also in the branches, from the first to the apical metamer. Each internode is cylindrical and hollow with an externall internal diameter ratio depending on the bamboo species. Numerous axial, collateral, parallel bundles run in the intern ode wall, scattered in a ground tissue of parenchyma. From the outside to the inside of the wall, the bundle diameters increase whereas their density decreases, e. g., from approximately 50 to 5 bundles/mm2 in the basal internodes ofthe Phyllostachys species studied. In the ma­ ture culm, the main water conducting vessels are probably the metaxylem vessel pairs, Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 08:39:40PM via free access 268 IAWA Journal, Val. 19 (3),1998 p)( 1 ph m'l( b - - -- -- ..... vessel . 2 C I 1 nb I, I [] [J 1 I I I ph .a. 1000 I I I I ~-------*- - * "- "- ~ " 1 "- o 1500 o 0 0 , * - - - 0 - 15 -- -- --, "- o '", C I ' *"­ , I o ' , , I , 0 , l:> *, 1000 , "- U.p. A.P. ~ , ''<t "- , 0 " *, I o ;:;., ' I , ' , I ".., , ~ O". I 0 ' , I V. O'\~J J.. ph . ~llill I I .2 10 12 14 16 118 20 node 10 ~ i i-~ " 3 ~4 7 8 • 11 J j 6 "1.., 10 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 08:39:40PM via free access Andre - Microcasting of vascular bundles in bamboos 269 whose diameters vary from 80-130 /illl in the internal bundles to 5 -15 /illl in the peripheral ones (Fig. 1). The nodal zones where each adjacent organ is connected are anatomically more complex than the intern odal ones. Moreover a parenchymatous nodal diaphragm is present with numerous transverse connecting bundles. Dur observations focus essen­ tially on the nodal vascularization and the connections between mature axes. The following description is based mainly on the metaxylem casts. Bundle and metaxylem vessel counting - Casting efficiency As observed in the transverse sections, the number of bundles remains constant along an internode, but varies from one internode to the next. It increases or decreases with the diameter of the culm, from its junction with the rhizome to its apex. Accurate counting of the bundles along successive metamers was limited to the aerial internodes of a culm of Phyllostachys aurea and to some internodes of the lower and under­ ground part of a culm of Phyllostachys viridis. These data were multiplied by 2 in order to give the total number ofthe metaxylem vessels (t). In addition, the number of the effectively cast metaxylem vessels (c) was counted in each segment of the Phyllostachys aurea culm. A relative constancy of t was observed in the first aerial internodes, where nodal buds and branches were absent. In the branched part ofthe Phyllostachys aurea culm, t decreased at the rate of about 100 vessels/node and in the underground part of the Phyllostachys viridis cu Im, it increased at the rate of about 250 vessels/node (Fig. 2). The casting efficiency was 75-80% for the Phyllostachys aurea culm. The deficit of 20-25% between c and t resulted from tyloses which partially or totally blocked several vessels and from the minute diameters of the most peripheral vessels. These c values indicate that a nodal cast thus gives reliable, albeit not entirely complete mate­ rials for observations.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Approved Plant List 10/04/12
    FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L
    [Show full text]
  • Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Christopher Dean Tyrrell Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2008 Systematics of the neotropical woody bamboo genus Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Christopher Dean Tyrrell Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Tyrrell, Christopher Dean, "Systematics of the neotropical woody bamboo genus Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)" (2008). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 15419. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/15419 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Systematics of the neotropical woody bamboo genus Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) by Christopher Dean Tyrrell A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program of Study Committee: Lynn G. Clark, Major Professor Dennis V. Lavrov Robert S. Wallace Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2008 Copyright © Christopher Dean Tyrrell, 2008. All rights reserved. 1457571 1457571 2008 ii In memory of Thomas D. Tyrrell Festum Asinorum iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Background and Significance 1 Research Objectives 5 Thesis Organization 6 Literature Cited 6 CHAPTER 2. PHYLOGENY OF THE BAMBOO SUBTRIBE 9 ARTHROSTYLIDIINAE WITH EMPHASIS ON RHIPIDOCLADUM Abstract 9 Introduction 10 Methods and Materials 13 Results 19 Discussion 25 Taxonomic Treatment 26 Literature Cited 31 CHAPTER 3.
    [Show full text]
  • El Bambú En Colombia
    Reseña Científica Biotecnología Vegetal Vol. 11, No. 3: 143 - 154, julio - septiembre, 2011 ISSN 1609-1841 (Versión impresa) ISSN 2074-8647 (Versión electrónica) El bambú en Colombia Ximena Londoño Sociedad Colombiana del Bambú. e-mail: [email protected] RESUMEN El bambú es una planta auto-sostenible, de rápido crecimiento que trabaja en red. Con el bambú se pueden solucionar los problemas ambientales, sociales y económicos que afectan, a un lugar, un país o una región. Colombia en diversidad de bambúes es el segundo país de América, después de Brasil, con 18 géneros, 105 especies. En este trabajo se describe el desarrollo del bambú/guadua en Colombia durante los últimos 25 años, señalando los factores que han contribuido positivamente a su desarrollo. Se da a conocer la diversidad existente de Bambusoideae en Colombia, se resaltan las especies prioritarias y se enfatiza en Guadua angustifolia Kunth, la especie más utilizada y promisoria. Palabras clave: Bambusoideae, Guadua angustifolia ABSTRACT Bamboo is a self-sustaining plant of fast growing which works in network. With the bamboo can be solved the environmental, social and economic problems affecting a place, a country or region. Colombia is the second country in America in bamboo, after Brazil, with 18 genera, 105 species. This paper describes the development of bamboo / guadua in Colombia over the past 25 years, noting the factors that have contributed positively to its development. This paper describes the diversity of Bambusoideae in Colombia and highlights the priority species with emphasis in Guadua angustifolia Kunth, the most used and promising species. Key words: Bambusoideae, Guadua angustifolia CONTENIDO DIVERSIDAD DE BAMBÚES EN COLOMBIA GUADUA ANGUSTIFOLIA KUNTH FACTORES QUE HAN CONTRIBUIDO AL DESARROLLO DEL CULTIVO DE Guadua angustifolia 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Duplication and Diversification of the LEAFY HULL STERILE1 and Oryza
    Christensen and Malcomber EvoDevo 2012, 3:4 http://www.evodevojournal.com/content/3/1/4 RESEARCH Open Access Duplication and diversification of the LEAFY HULL STERILE1 and Oryza sativa MADS5 SEPALLATA lineages in graminoid Poales Ashley R Christensen1,2 and Simon T Malcomber1* Abstract Background: Gene duplication and the subsequent divergence in function of the resulting paralogs via subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization is hypothesized to have played a major role in the evolution of plant form. The LEAFY HULL STERILE1 (LHS1) SEPALLATA (SEP) genes have been linked with the origin and diversification of the grass spikelet, but it is uncertain 1) when the duplication event that produced the LHS1 clade and its paralogous lineage Oryza sativa MADS5 (OSM5) occurred, and 2) how changes in gene structure and/or expression might have contributed to subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization in the two lineages. Methods: Phylogenetic relationships among 84 SEP genes were estimated using Bayesian methods. RNA expression patterns were inferred using in situ hybridization. The patterns of protein sequence and RNA expression evolution were reconstructed using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods, respectively. Results: Phylogenetic analyses mapped the LHS1/OSM5 duplication event to the base of the grass family. MP character reconstructions estimated a change from cytosine to thymine in the first codon position of the first amino acid after the Zea mays MADS3 (ZMM3) domain converted a glutamine to a stop codon in the OSM5 ancestor following the LHS1/OSM5 duplication event. RNA expression analyses of OSM5 co-orthologs in Avena sativa, Chasmanthium latifolium, Hordeum vulgare, Pennisetum glaucum, and Sorghum bicolor followed by ML reconstructions of these data and previously published analyses estimated a complex pattern of gain and loss of LHS1 and OSM5 expression in different floral organs and different flowers within the spikelet or inflorescence.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Delaware Invasive Plants Booklet
    Planting for a livable Delaware Widespread and Invasive Growth Habit 1. Multiflora rose Rosa multiflora S 2. Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculata V 3. Japanese stilt grass Microstegium vimineum H 4. Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum H 5. Russian olive Elaeagnus umbellata S 6. Norway maple Acer platanoides T 7. Common reed Phragmites australis H 8. Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata A 9. Mile-a-minute Polygonum perfoliatum V 10. Clematis Clematis terniflora S 11. Privet Several species S 12. European sweetflag Acorus calamus H 13. Wineberry Rubus phoenicolasius S 14. Bamboo Several species H Restricted and Invasive 15. Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii S 16. Periwinkle Vinca minor V 17. Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata H 18. Winged euonymus Euonymus alata S 19. Porcelainberry Ampelopsis brevipedunculata V 20. Bradford pear Pyrus calleryana T 21. Marsh dewflower Murdannia keisak H 22. Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria H 23. Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria H 24. Reed canarygrass Phalaris arundinacea H 25. Honeysuckle Lonicera species S 26. Tree of heaven Alianthus altissima T 27. Spotted knapweed Centaruea biebersteinii H Restricted and Potentially-Invasive 28. Butterfly bush Buddleia davidii S Growth Habit: S=shrub, V=vine, H=herbaceous, T=tree, A=aquatic THE LIST • Plants on The List are non-native to Delaware, have the potential for widespread dispersal and establishment, can out-compete other species in the same area, and have the potential for rapid growth, high seed or propagule production, and establishment in natural areas. • Plants on Delaware’s Invasive Plant List were chosen by a committee of experts in environmental science and botany, as well as representatives of State agencies and the Nursery and Landscape Industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Lynn G
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 23 | Issue 1 Article 26 2007 Phylogenetic Relationships Among the One- Flowered, Determinate Genera of Bambuseae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Lynn G. Clark Iowa State University, Ames Soejatmi Dransfield Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Jimmy Triplett Iowa State University, Ames J. Gabriel Sánchez-Ken Iowa State University, Ames Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Clark, Lynn G.; Dransfield, Soejatmi; Triplett, Jimmy; and Sánchez-Ken, J. Gabriel (2007) "Phylogenetic Relationships Among the One-Flowered, Determinate Genera of Bambuseae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 23: Iss. 1, Article 26. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol23/iss1/26 Aliso 23, pp. 315–332 ᭧ 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE ONE-FLOWERED, DETERMINATE GENERA OF BAMBUSEAE (POACEAE: BAMBUSOIDEAE) LYNN G. CLARK,1,3 SOEJATMI DRANSFIELD,2 JIMMY TRIPLETT,1 AND J. GABRIEL SA´ NCHEZ-KEN1,4 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020, USA; 2Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK 3Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT Bambuseae (woody bamboos), one of two tribes recognized within Bambusoideae (true bamboos), comprise over 90% of the diversity of the subfamily, yet monophyly of
    [Show full text]
  • Bambusa Sp.) SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIMALARIA
    BIOEDUKASI Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi e ISSN 2442-9805 Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro p ISSN 2086-4701 IDENTIFIKASI JENIS DAN POTENSI BAMBU (Bambusa sp.) SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIMALARIA Agus Sujarwanta1 Suharno Zen2 1, Pascasarjana Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro 2, Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Malaria is still a health problem in Indonesia caused by the protozoan genus Plasmodium through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. One of the plants that can also be used to treat fever caused by parasitic diseases is bamboo (Bambusa sp.). The purpose of this research is to identify the type and potential of bamboo as an antimalarial compound in Lampung Province. This research be able to provide an overview of the diversity of bamboo species and their potential as an antimalaria compound in Lampung Province in May-July 2020. Primary data collection methods were obtained directly in the field including bamboo stands, both growing wild and cultivating, and describing them. Morphological observations for identification such as rhizome root types; bamboo shoots; branching; culm; leaf; stem; and segments refer to the criteria used by Widjaja (1997). The data is analyzed descriptively and tabulated. The results obtained 14 species of bamboo consisting of 5 genera with 14 species: Gigantochloa robusta, Schizostachyum brachycladum (Kurz), Schizostachyum blumei, Gigantochloa atroviolacea, Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea (Steud.), Bambusa vulgaris var. striata (Lodd.ex Lindl.), Gigantochloa apus (Kurz), Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa maculate (Widjaja), Bambusa glaucophylla (Widjaja), Dendrocalamus asper (Backer ex K. Heyne), Dinochloa scandens (Blume ex Nees Kuntze), Bambusa glaucophylla (Widjaja), Dendrocalamus asper (Backer ex K. Heey), Dinochloa scandens (Blume ex Nees Kuntze), Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genera of Bambusoideae (Gramineae) in the Southeastern United States Gordon C
    Eastern Illinois University The Keep Faculty Research & Creative Activity Biological Sciences January 1988 The genera of Bambusoideae (Gramineae) in the southeastern United States Gordon C. Tucker Eastern Illinois University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Tucker, Gordon C., "The eg nera of Bambusoideae (Gramineae) in the southeastern United States" (1988). Faculty Research & Creative Activity. 181. http://thekeep.eiu.edu/bio_fac/181 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Research & Creative Activity by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TUCKER, BAMBUSOIDEAE 239 THE GENERA OF BAMBUSOIDEAE (GRAMINEAE) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATESu GoRDON C. T ucKER3 Subfamily BAMBUSOIDEAE Ascherson & Graebner, Synop. Mitteleurop. Fl. 2: 769. 1902. Perennial or annual herbs or woody plants of tropical or temperate forests and wetlands. Rhizomes present or lacking. Stems erect or decumbent (some­ times rooting at the lower nodes); nodes glabrous, pubescent, or puberulent. Leaves several to many, glabrous to sparsely pubescent (microhairs bicellular); leaf sheaths about as long as the blades, open for over tf2 their length, glabrous; ligules wider than long, entire or fimbriate; blades petiolate or sessile, elliptic to linear, acute to acuminate, the primary veins parallel to-or forming an angle of 5-10• wi th-the midvein, transverse veinlets numerous, usually con­ spicuous, giving leaf surface a tessellate appearance; chlorenchyma not radiate (i.e., non-kranz; photosynthetic pathway C.,).
    [Show full text]
  • Download Bamboo Records (Public Information)
    Status Date Accession Number Names::PlantName Names::CommonName Names::Synonym Names::Family No. Remaining Garden Area ###########2012.0256P Sirochloa parvifolia Poaceae 1 African Garden ###########1989.0217P Thamnocalamus tessellatus mountain BamBoo; "BergBamBoes" in South Africa Poaceae 1 African Garden ###########2000.0025P Aulonemia fulgor Poaceae BamBoo Garden ###########1983.0072P BamBusa Beecheyana Beechy BamBoo Sinocalamus Beechyana Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2003.1070P BamBusa Burmanica Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2013.0144P BamBusa chungii White BamBoo, Tropical Blue BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2007.0019P BamBusa chungii var. BarBelatta BarBie BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1981.0471P BamBusa dolichoclada 'Stripe' Poaceae 2 BamBoo Garden ###########2001.0163D BamBusa dolichoclada 'Stripe' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2012.0069P BamBusa dolichoclada 'Stripe' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1981.0079P BamBusa dolichomerithalla 'Green Stripe' Green Stripe Blowgun BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1981.0084P BamBusa dolichomerithalla 'Green Stripe' Green Stripe Blowgun BamBoo Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2000.0297P BamBusa dolichomerithalla 'Silverstripe' Blowpipe BamBoo 'Silverstripe' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2013.0090P BamBusa emeiensis 'Flavidovirens' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2011.0124P BamBusa emeiensis 'Viridiflavus' Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########1997.0152P BamBusa eutuldoides Poaceae 1 BamBoo Garden ###########2003.0158P BamBusa eutuldoides
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Grasses for the Midsouth Landscape
    Ornamental Grasses for the Midsouth Landscape Ornamental grasses with their variety of form, may seem similar, grasses vary greatly, ranging from cool color, texture, and size add diversity and dimension to season to warm season grasses, from woody to herbaceous, a landscape. Not many other groups of plants can boast and from annuals to long-lived perennials. attractiveness during practically all seasons. The only time This variation has resulted in five recognized they could be considered not to contribute to the beauty of subfamilies within Poaceae. They are Arundinoideae, the landscape is the few weeks in the early spring between a unique mix of woody and herbaceous grass species; cutting back the old growth of the warm-season grasses Bambusoideae, the bamboos; Chloridoideae, warm- until the sprouting of new growth. From their emergence season herbaceous grasses; Panicoideae, also warm-season in the spring through winter, warm-season ornamental herbaceous grasses; and Pooideae, a cool-season subfamily. grasses add drama, grace, and motion to the landscape Their habitats also vary. Grasses are found across the unlike any other plants. globe, including in Antarctica. They have a strong presence One of the unique and desirable contributions in prairies, like those in the Great Plains, and savannas, like ornamental grasses make to the landscape is their sound. those in southern Africa. It is important to recognize these Anyone who has ever been in a pine forest on a windy day natural characteristics when using grasses for ornament, is aware of the ethereal music of wind against pine foliage. since they determine adaptability and management within The effect varies with the strength of the wind and the a landscape or region, as well as invasive potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Bambusetum in Their Be Useful in Your Various Agroforestry Known Medicinal Plant That Grows in Agroforestry Field Laboratory to Help Undertakings
    NO. 32 z MAY 2008 z ISSN 0859-9742 Featuring Dear readers Welcome to the 32nd issue of the National Research Centre for In addition, we have also included APANews! It is exciting to start the Agroforestry on how this fast-growing, announcements on relevant year by featuring various multipurpose, and nitrogen-fixing tree international agroforestry conferences developments in agroforestry as a can increase the quantity and quality and training programs. Among them sustainable land use management of fodder production. is the upcoming 2nd World Congress option that can provide livelihood, on Agroforestry, which will be held 24- address poverty, and maintain We are also featuring the results of a 29 August 2009 in Nairobi, Kenya. ecological stability. SEANAFE-supported research on The theme will be “Agroforestry – the forecasting carbon dioxide future of global land use.” Read more In this issue, we offer interesting sequestration on natural broad-leaved on the key areas to be highlighted articles from India and the Philippines evergreen forests in Vietnam. Expect during the Congress, the deadlines for in the areas of agroforestry research, more of SEANAFE-supported the submission of abstracts for and promotion and development. research in upcoming issues of presentations, and other information SEANAFE News and APANews. in an article contributed by There are two articles from India that Dr. P. K. Nair. explore the potentials of Capparis Meanwhile, the Misamis Oriental decidua and Leucaena leucocephala State College of Agriculture and There are also featured websites and in agroforestry farms. Commonly Technology in Mindanao, Philippines new information resources that might known as kair, Capparis decidua is a established a Bambusetum in their be useful in your various agroforestry known medicinal plant that grows in Agroforestry Field Laboratory to help undertakings.
    [Show full text]
  • Unearthing Belowground Bud Banks in Fire-Prone Ecosystems
    Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire-prone ecosystems 1 2 3 Author for correspondence: Juli G. Pausas , Byron B. Lamont , Susana Paula , Beatriz Appezzato-da- Juli G. Pausas 4 5 Glo'ria and Alessandra Fidelis Tel: +34 963 424124 1CIDE-CSIC, C. Naquera Km 4.5, Montcada, Valencia 46113, Spain; 2Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin Email [email protected] University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia; 3ICAEV, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; 4Depto Ci^encias Biologicas,' Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av P'adua Dias 11., CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; 5Instituto de Bioci^encias, Vegetation Ecology Lab, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A 1515, 13506-900 Rio Claro, Brazil Summary To be published in New Phytologist (2018) Despite long-time awareness of the importance of the location of buds in plant biology, research doi: 10.1111/nph.14982 on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to belowground bud-bearing structures, are used inconsistently in the literature. Key words: bud bank, fire-prone ecosystems, Because soil efficiently insulates meristems from the heat of fire, concealing buds below ground lignotuber, resprouting, rhizome, xylopodium. provides fitness benefits in fire-prone ecosystems. Thus, in these ecosystems, there is a remarkable diversity of bud-bearing structures. There are at least six locations where belowground buds are stored: roots, root crown, rhizomes, woody burls, fleshy
    [Show full text]