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Bambusetum in Their Be Useful in Your Various Agroforestry Known Medicinal Plant That Grows in Agroforestry Field Laboratory to Help Undertakings NO. 32 z MAY 2008 z ISSN 0859-9742 Featuring Dear readers Welcome to the 32nd issue of the National Research Centre for In addition, we have also included APANews! It is exciting to start the Agroforestry on how this fast-growing, announcements on relevant year by featuring various multipurpose, and nitrogen-fixing tree international agroforestry conferences developments in agroforestry as a can increase the quantity and quality and training programs. Among them sustainable land use management of fodder production. is the upcoming 2nd World Congress option that can provide livelihood, on Agroforestry, which will be held 24- address poverty, and maintain We are also featuring the results of a 29 August 2009 in Nairobi, Kenya. ecological stability. SEANAFE-supported research on The theme will be “Agroforestry – the forecasting carbon dioxide future of global land use.” Read more In this issue, we offer interesting sequestration on natural broad-leaved on the key areas to be highlighted articles from India and the Philippines evergreen forests in Vietnam. Expect during the Congress, the deadlines for in the areas of agroforestry research, more of SEANAFE-supported the submission of abstracts for and promotion and development. research in upcoming issues of presentations, and other information SEANAFE News and APANews. in an article contributed by There are two articles from India that Dr. P. K. Nair. explore the potentials of Capparis Meanwhile, the Misamis Oriental decidua and Leucaena leucocephala State College of Agriculture and There are also featured websites and in agroforestry farms. Commonly Technology in Mindanao, Philippines new information resources that might known as kair, Capparis decidua is a established a Bambusetum in their be useful in your various agroforestry known medicinal plant that grows in Agroforestry Field Laboratory to help undertakings. the dry, arid, and semi-arid regions of conserve and propagate rare, India. The article presents kair’s endemic, and economically important To quote Dr. Nair, “agroforestry has physiological properties, and species of bamboo. Learn more on [indeed] come of age.” The increasing production processes. It describes the impacts of this undertaking. number of initiatives worldwide has how kair’s flowers, fruits, leaves, and demonstrated agroforestry’s bark provide economic and medicinal We continue to feature updates in the capabilities to help cope with climate uses that enable farmers to earn area of agroforestry education and change, contribute to biodiversity income and at the same time combat training through the Southeast Asian conservation, and combat soil erosion. Network for Agroforestry Education desertification. We hope to feature News (SEANAFE News). This issue developments in these areas in future The other article discusses the highlights the accomplishments of issues of APANews. increasing use of Leucaena SEANAFE in 2007, particularly the leucocephala for crop intensification implementation of its Markets for Thank you to all the contributors and in India. Read more on the results of Agroforestry Tree Products and the we look forward to more of your a study done by the Indian Grassland Agroforestry Landscape Analysis contributions! – The Editors and Fodder Research Institute, and projects, among others. DISCLAIMER. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO and SEANAFE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the contributing authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the editor(s) of FAO and SEANAFE. OUR ADDRESS. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 39 Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand; Website: http://www.fao.org and http://www.fao.or.th; E-mail [email protected]; SEANAFE c/o World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)-Southeast Asia Regional office, PO Box 61, Bogor 16001, Indonesia; Website: http:// www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/networks/Seanafe/Index.asp; E-mail [email protected] PRODUCTION. Patrick Durst, Kenichi Shono, Akiko Inoguchi, Lutgarda Tolentino and Rowena Cabahug (Editorial Consultants); Leah P. Arboleda (Editor); Perseveranda G. Tubig and Reinelen M. Reyes (Production Assistants) COVER PHOTO. Coconut-based agroforestry farms are common sights in the Philippines. Coffee, banana, corn, papaya, root crops, and fruit trees are planted underneath coconut trees, thereby ensuring maximum use of land, diversified crops, and assured food and income for the farmer and his family (Photo taken by Catherine C. de Luna, PAFERN Agroforestry Landscape Analysis Project). PRINTER. Thammada Press Co. Ltd., 86 Soi 501/1 Charansanitwong Road, Bangplad, Bangkok 10700 Thailand 2 May 2008 z Asia-Pacific Agroforestry Newsletter No. 32 AGROFORESTRY RESEARCH Calotropis procera, Maytemus Exploring Capparis decidua emarginatus, Zizyphus nummularia, Salvadora oleoides, Prosopis cineraria, etc. It is a common for livelihood and wasteland species in stabilized sand dunes (Shankarnarayan et al., 1987) where development density varies from 20 to 170 plants per hectare (Gupta et al., 1989). K. S. Bangarwa ([email protected]) Kumar and Bhandari (1993) reported 0.50 percent and 3.50 percent cover of kair in fenced and open sand dune Capparis Linn. (Capparidaceae) is a 1987). Scrub vegetation consists of habitats, respectively. major genus comprising mostly of low trees and bushes and occurs in climbing shrubs, bushes or small areas with very little rain. Research revealed that kair can trees. There are reportedly 26 species improve the fertility of sand dunes. It of this genus occurring in India (Anon, In India, kair can be found in the dry also has the tendency to reduce 1992). regions of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, alkalinity very sharply (Gupta et al., Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, and many 1989). Moreover, a kair plantation can Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew. parts of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and reportedly increase organic carbon up Syn. C aphylla Roth, commonly Andhra Pradesh. Although it is well- to 10 times within 20 years. known as kair, is an important suited to areas with low rainfall (150 medicinal plant. It is a densely mm), kair can survive in areas with Flowering and fruiting branched shrub that reaches a height rainfall as high as 600 mm (Gupta et of 6-10 m, with a clear bole of 2.4 m. al., 1989). It can also survive in The flowers of kair are red or pink, Its branches are tender and waxy. tropical and sub-tropical regions or in and sometimes yellow in lateral The bark is rough, corky, and gray. areas with an annual rainfall of 100- corymbs. The dull red berries or fruits 400 mm and temperatures of 16-50°C. are globose or ovoid and 1-2 cm in Kair has the ability to survive in diameter. The seeds are 2-5 mm various habitats. It also has good soil- Kair usually grows in dry, exposed diameter, and are embedded in the binding capacity. These features habitats such as foothills and pulp (Anon., 1992; Gupta et al., make the species suitable for wastelands. It grows in very shallow 1989). The plant coppices well and cultivation on a large scale to combat soils, soils affected by saline irrigation readily produces root suckers. soil and wind erosion on sandy water, or in stabilized sand dunes. wastelands (Gupta et al., 1989). It Flowering and fruiting takes place has fair tolerance to salinity and Kair grows in association with every February-March and July- alkalinity, can help improve fertility of Anogeissus pendula Edgew., sand dunes, and reduce alkalinity. Continued on page 4 Kair can grow unattended and unprotected on barren lands. The plants’ mature fruits serve as valuable sources of nutrition for villagers. People also sell the immature fruits in local markets for additional income. Such overexploitation of kair resulted in the lack of seed supply for further propagation. Moreover, there has been no attempt to domesticate or study kair, particularly its economic value and other potential uses. Distribution Kair is indigenous to the tropical and subtropical regions of India, Africa, Arabia, Pakistan and Egypt. It is a member of the mixed xeromorhic woodland and psammophytic scrub Capparis decidua plant (right) vegetation (Shankarnarayan et al., with flowers (above). Asia-Pacific Agroforestry Newsletter No. 32 z May 2008 3 AGROFORESTRY RESEARCH Exploring Capparis decidua... 100 g of pulp by weight). As the fruits urinary purulent discharges. The mature, the amount of sugar fruits’ sharp and spicy taste serves as Continued from page 3 increases from 1.7 percent to 3.0 an astringent to bowels, remedies foul percent (Gupta et al., 1989). breath, and cures cardiac troubles. August. The February-March flowering The oil from the seeds contains is profuse, producing fruits of up to 20 The seeds, meanwhile, contain 20.3 nitrogen and sulphur. This is used to kg per plant (Anon, 2001). percent oil. The oil consists of 68.6 cure skin diseases. percent unsaturated fatty acids and Fruit yield varies between 2-20 kg per 31.4 percent saturated fatty acids. The alcoholic extract of flowers, fruit plant depending on age, genetic When processed, the oil is edible. husks and seeds show anti-bacterial potential, and flowering season. Each potentials. fruit has at least five seeds. It has Aside from the fruits and the seeds, been observed that freshly mature kair’s wood also provides varied Kair’s wood, meanwhile, works better seeds have more than 80 percent uses. The wood is light yellow to when applied for muscular injuries if germination. pale brown, smooth, moderately the wood has been burnt first. hard and heavy. Each plant yields Economic uses 625-775 kg/m3 of wood. The wood’s Cultivation and production strength and durability is suitable for The flower buds and immature green making small beams, rafts, knees of Because of kair’s various uses and fruits of kair are pickled, cooked and boats, tool handles, cartwheels, potentials, large-scale production is consumed as vegetables (Anon, axles, and even combs.
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