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Summary Environmental Impact Assessment

Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 37603 July 2006

People’s Republic of : Qinhuai River Environmental Improvement Project

Prepared by Nanjing Municipal Government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The summary environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 June 2006)

Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $0.1247 $1.00 = CNY 8.0175

ABBREVIATIONS

A2O — anaerobic-anoxic oxic activated sludge ADB — Asian Development Bank BOD5 — 5-day biochemical oxygen demand Cd — cadmium CODCr — chemical oxygen demand using the dichromate reflux method CSC — construction supervision company EIA — environmental impact assessment EIRR — economic internal rate of return EMC — environmental management consultant EMP — environmental management plan H2S — hydrogen sulfide HDPE — high density polyethylene IA — implementing agency IU — implementing unit JEPB — Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau LEMS — local monitoring station NCIC — Nanjing Urban Construction and Investment Company NDMD — Nanjing Drainage Management Department NEPB — Nanjing Environmental Protection Bureau NH3-N — ammonia nitrogen NMECD — Nanjing Municipal Engineering Construction Management Department NMFMD — Nanjing Municipal Facilities Management Department NMG — Nanjing Municipal Government NQRCC — Nanjing Qinhuai River Construction Company NWC — Nanjing Water Company O&M — operation and maintenance PDMF — project design and monitoring framework PMO — project management office PPTA — project preparatory technical assistance PRC — Peoples Republic of China SEIA — Summary Environmental Impact Assessment SS — suspended solid TP — total phosphorus WWTP — wastewater treatment plant

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha – hectare km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer m – meter m2 – square meter m3 – cubic meter m3/d – cubic meter per day mg/l – milligrams per liter mm – millimeter t – ton t/a – ton per annum t/d – ton per day

CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT A. Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Water Replenishing Component 4 B. City East Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewerage Component 4 C. He Xi North Sewerage, River Improvement, and Water Replenishing Component 4 D. Stormwater Drainage Component 5 E. Sludge Treatment and Disposal Component 5 F. Institutional Component 5

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT A. Topography and Geology 6 B. Climate and Rainfall 6 C. Hydrology 6 D. Ecological Resources 7 E. Water Quality and Pollution 7 F. Social and Economic Conditions 8

IV. ALTERNATIVES A. With Project and Without Project Alternatives 9 B. Alternatives in Wastewater Management 10 C. Alternatives in Stormwater Drainage 11 D. Alternatives in River Improvement and Water Replenishment 11 E. Alternatives in Sludge Management 14 F. Alternatives in Wetland Park 15

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits 15 B. Impacts Associated with the Project Location, Planning, and Design 16 C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase 16 D. Resettlement 20 E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operational Phase 21

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 23

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN A. Environmental Management 24 B. Environmental Monitoring 24 C. Institutional Enhancement 25

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE A. Public Participation during Project Preparation 25 B. Future Plans for Public Participation 25

IX CONCLUSIONS A. Project Risks 25 ii

B. Benefits 26 C. Potential Adverse Impacts and Associated Mitigation Measures 27 D. Use of Irreplaceable Resources 27 E. Follow-up Monitoring and Environmental Management Requirements 27

Appendixes 1. References 2. Environmental Management Plan

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Xuyi Xinghua

Gaoyu Lake NANJING QINHUAI J I A N G S U RIVER ENVIRONMENTAL Hai’an Taizhou Tai Xian IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Jiangdu IN THE N Luhe Rugoo Rudong PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

0 20 40 60 80 Yn Jiangpu a NANJING g t o Kilometers Daiyang ze Nantong o 32 00’N River 32 00’N Hainen Jiangning Jurong National Capital Qidong PROJECT AREA Jintan Provincial Capital Changsu City/Town Ya ng tze National Road Ri A N H U I ver Other Road Railway Gaochun River Tai Lake Wujiang Provincial Boundary SHANGHAI International Boundary Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative. 0 6 - M 2 4 4 a 1 a p

H Z H E J I A N G 118o 00’E o 1

R 121 00’E NANJING QINHUAI RIVER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA I. Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Water Replenishing Component Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage Subcomponent

IV. Stormwater Drainage Component

III. He Xi District Sewerage, River Improvement and Water Replenishing Component Sewerage Subcomponent

III. He Xi District Sewerage, River I. Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Improvement and Water Replenishing Water Replenishing Component Component Inner Qinhuai River Water Replenishing River Improvement and Water Subcomponent Replenishing Subcomponent

II. City East Wastewater Treatment V. Sludge Treatment and Disposal Plant and Sewerage Component Component City East Wastewater Treatment Plant Wetland Park Jiang Xin Zhou Wastewater Treatment Plant Subcomponent Sludge Treatment Facility YUHUATAI AREA JIANGNING II. City East Wastewater Treatment II. City East Wastewater Treatment AREA Plant and Sewerage Component Plant and Sewerage Component City East Sewerage Subcomponent City East River Improvement Subcomponent

II. City East Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewerage Component City East River Improvement Subcomponent

V. Sludge Treatment and Disposal

0 Component 6 M

- Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility 2 4 a 4 1 p b

H 2 R I. INTRODUCTION

1. This summary environmental impact assessment (SEIA) is for the Nanjing Qinhuai River Environmental Improvement Project (the Project), in the People’s Republic of China (PRC), under technical assistance 4617-PRC from Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Project involves five components in the city of Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province (Map 1).

2. Nanjing is both an old historic capital and a rapidly developing city with a population of 5.96 million, of which 5.14 million is urban. The city, comprising 11 districts and 2 counties, straddles the lower reaches of the River and is about 270 kilometers (km) northwest of Shanghai. Rapid economic growth in Nanjing over the past 20 years has placed increasing stress on the environment and city infrastructure. Water quality in local rivers has declined, and it fails to meet PRC water quality standards. Located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, distinct seasonal variation and heavy summer rains place particular stress on Nanjing’s urban drainage system, and combined sewer overflows also become major sources of water pollution. An aging and inadequately maintained drainage network and pumping stations with insufficient capacity frequently result in severe flooding events. Water pollution has been growing in magnitude, creating water supply problems and economic losses while impacting on development and economic growth. Nanjing is the PRC pilot city for the Water for Asian Cities program that is jointly sponsored by ADB and UN-HABITAT. While the design of the Project will complement the objectives and proposed initiatives of that program, the ADB and UN-HABITAT initiatives will not be interdependent. Initiatives piloted with success in Nanjing under Water for Asian Cities could be replicable in other PRC cities.

3. The Yangtze River basin is the largest river basin in the PRC. The Changjiang Water Resources Commission has overall responsibility and has developed a basin-wide plan for managing water resources within the river basin. That plan cites the deteriorating water quality of the Yangtze River. Although the river is often seen as having a high assimilative capacity, the cumulative effect of the numerous point and nonpoint discharges is deteriorating its water quality. Of the seven major rivers in the PRC, in fact, the Yangtze basin receives the highest volume of total wastewater. Effects are felt throughout the downstream reaches and the Sea. The management plan sets out a number of general pollution control targets, and specific targets are to be developed by individual provinces and cities. Since 2003, ADB has approved two projects in Wuhan on wastewater1 and stormwater2 management. This Project and the Wuhan projects will contribute in a regional perspective to pollution control in the Yangtze basin, as they will provide much-needed sewerage and drainage infrastructure.

4. The 110 km Qinhuai River flows in a northerly direction through urban Nanjing before joining the Yangtze River. It is referred to as the mother river of Nanjing, and it has cultural significance in the history of Nanjing. For approximately 50 km the river flows through the urban districts of Nanjing. Water quality in the lower Qinhuai River has deteriorated considerably in the past 15 years, mainly due to wastewater discharge from the city. Wastewater currently fails by a large margin to achieve the Class V PRC water quality standards. The PRC classifies water quality into five classes, Class V being the worst. All seven rivers and three lakes in the Nanjing built-up area have been polluted. The municipality is served by a mixture of wastewater, stormwater and combined sewer networks. Lack of sufficient wastewater collection and

1 ADB. 2003. Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors on a Proposed Loan to the People’s Republic of China for the Wuhan Wastewater Management Project. Manila. 2 ADB. 2006. Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors on a Proposed Loan to the People’s Republic of China for the Wuhan Wastewater and Stormwater Management. Manila.

2 treatment facilities and of urban drainage have resulted in serious water quality problems in the Qinhuai River. Demands for potable water for domestic and industrial use are steadily rising, and this imposes increasing pressure on water resources. The quantity of wastewater is growing rapidly, meanwhile, as are the associated pollution loads. Less than half the wastewater flows are treated to comply with the discharge standards.

5. The Nanjing Municipal Government (NMG) has responded to these environmental challenges by making major investments during the past 10 years into wastewater treatment, urban drainage, and channel improvements on local rivers. NMG has a comprehensive and strategic master plan for managing water supply, wastewater, and stormwater. Further, NMG has developed a series of plans to meet its environmental improvement targets, which is included in its 11th City Five-Year Plan (2006–2010). This Project is not a stand-alone investment but, rather, an integrated part of the basin-wide Yangtze water resources management initiative, which includes the Nanjing city urban development plan, the Nanjing municipal wastewater master plan, and the Nanjing stormwater drainage master plan. NMG is currently implementing its wastewater master plan and will install additional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to raise the wastewater treatment rate to the 85% target by 2010, as required by state guidelines. The wastewater master plan includes a phased and well-coordinated construction of WWTPs and sewer networks using local funds and assistance from ADB and other sources.

6. The Project has five themes: wastewater management, stormwater drainage, river improvement and water replenishment, sludge management, and wetland park. These five themes will address major issues that include (i) deterioration in surface water quality and urban environmental quality, (ii) ineffective regulatory control of municipal and industrial wastewater discharges, (iii) economic losses and disruption to livelihoods from frequent localized flooding, (iv) poor health and living standards of the poor, (v) lack of integrated wastewater and sludge management, and (vi) improving service efficiency through increased competition and private sector participation. It will contribute significantly to achieving the targets set out in the Nanjing wastewater master plan and the stormwater drainage master plan.

7. The wastewater management theme will promote sustainable economic growth through sustainable wastewater management in Nanjing and water resource protection in the Qinhuai River. The stormwater drainage theme will replace outdated and undersized drainpipes to alleviate localized flooding during heavy summer rains. The river improvement and water replenishment theme will improve the water quality of watercourses in the Qinhuai River system. The sludge management theme will prevent secondary pollution by properly treating and disposing of the municipal and sewage sludge. Beneficiaries will include residents of Nanjing. The wetland park theme involves constructing a riverine wetland park to rehabilitate degraded urban land. It is also part of a grand scheme to develop riverine parks along the Qinhuai River through Nanjing. The first 12.5 km have already been built and are well used by visitors. This site is the final piece in this series of riverine parks along the Qinhuai River. This will be the first investment of this type financed by ADB in the PRC.

8. Construction of the urban wetland is an innovative idea to restore derelict yet inhabited land with poor living conditions to a multi-functional wetland park. This 33 hectare (ha) site is located at the confluence of the Outer Qinhuai and Yun Liang rivers in urban Nanjing. It was a lowland wetland in the 1970s, but rapid economic and population growth in Nanjing in the 1980s and 1990s resulted in this land being used for illegal dumping of domestic garbage and construction wastes. This, together with roads built through this area, eventually built up the land and destroyed the wetland. People started moving in, building houses and factories, and

3 conducting commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities. Meanwhile, illegal dumping from both outside and within continued. The area became congested, with poor living conditions and no sanitary infrastructure. Many of the people here have in fact been living on top of an abandoned landfill. This component provides a rare opportunity for these people to be resettled in areas with much improved living conditions. The site will then be reverted to a lowland wetland, offering the elements of outdoor recreation, flood storage, improving the water quality of the Outer Qinhuai and Yun Liang rivers, habitat conservation, cultural preservation, and conservation education. This component could benchmark future environmental improvement projects.

9. This SEIA is based on information from six environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports prepared by three institutes (, Jiangsu Environmental Science Research Academy, and Nanjing Environmental Protection Science Research Institute). The individual EIAs incorporated most of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) clauses. The remaining EMP items were developed jointly by the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) team and these institutes. The individual EIA and feasibility study reports went through rounds of revision based on input and suggestions provided by the PPTA team specialists. The Government review of the EIAs has been completed, and the SEIA and EMP have been confirmed by the Government.

10. The SEIA concludes that the Project will have substantial positive environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic benefits. The implementation of the wastewater management and the river improvement and water replenishment themes will substantially reduce pollution in the Qinhuai River system. The stormwater drainage theme will reduce localized flooding. The sludge management theme will reduce secondary pollution in the Nanjing area. The wetland park theme will benefit the water environment, wildlife, and mankind. Affected people presently living on this derelict land will be resettled and their living conditions will be improved. The living environment of the citizens of Nanjing will be improved. The Project will provide lasting benefits for poverty reduction through improved health, productivity, social status, and dignity of poor people. The Qinhuai River will be beautified, which will increase property development and tourism along the river and thereby create job opportunities for the people of Nanjing.

11. With implementation of the recommended mitigation measures, the adverse impacts on the physical and natural environment during both construction and operational stages of the Project will be largely insignificant. Incremental costs required to achieve mitigation are negligible compared to the cost of the Project. The most serious impact will be the need to resettle affected people. This has been the subject of resettlement planning in accordance with ADB’s policy on involuntary resettlement.

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

12. This Project has five components, each of which is described below and is shown on Map 2. Some components also have subcomponents. These components and subcomponents can be grouped into the five themes described above. To tackle the complexity of this Project, the PPTA team is made up of specialists on urban infrastructure and development planning, drainage, sewerage, environment, wetland ecology, river hydraulics and engineering, socioeconomics, resettlement, financial management, and institutional strengthening. The Project also has taken note of the findings and recommendations of related projects, including the Diagnostic Study of the Water Sector Activities in Nanjing Municipalities (PRR-UN HABITAT/ADB) and Urban Wastewater Management in the People’s Republic of China (PRC. C00524).

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A. Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Water Replenishing Component

13. This component has two subcomponents: (i) Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage Subcomponent. This consists of constructing 9.6 km of sewer pipelines in the central and southern areas of Inner Qinhuai River, as well as updating the power supply to the Dachong Bridge pumping station. (ii) Inner Qinhuai River Water Replenishing Subcomponent. This consists of (i) constructing the Qi Qiao Weng river intake pumping station and 2.4 km of pipelines from the Outer Qinhuai River to the Hu Cheng River; (ii) restoring the existing water gate and constructing new water gates on the Ming Yu, East Yu Dai, and South Yu Dai rivers, as well as constructing the east and west box culverts—each 100 meter (m) in length—at Zhong Shan Road East; and (iii) installing control systems for diverting water from the Qi Qiao Weng pumping station to the City East water system, and from the Xiang Fang Village pumping station to the southern and central parts of Inner Qinhuai River.

B. City East Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewerage Component

14. This component has three subcomponents: (i) City East Sewerage Subcomponent. This consists of constructing 23.3 km of sewer pipelines in the catchments of Xiao Xing Xi Bridge, Ningnan, Qing Hong Twin Bridge, and Yue Ya Lake-Technology & Science University-Chang Xiang, and Ma Qun. (ii) City East Wastewater Treatment Plant Subcomponent. This consists of increasing the treatment capacity of City East WWTP by 100,000 cubic meter per day (m3/d). (iii) City East River Improvement Subcomponent. This consists of (i) improving 18 km of the Upper Qinhuai River from the confluence with the Yun Liang River to Xi Bei Village, including embankment work, river training and strengthening, river dredging, water and soil conservation, and ecological restoration of revetment; (ii) improving the South River with 9.8 km of embankment work, river dredging, water and soil conservation, ecological restoration, and river bank landscape improvement; and (iii) improving the Yun Liang River by ecologically restoring 1.5 km of revetment and constructing a 33 ha wetland park at the confluence of the Yun Liang and Outer Qinhuai rivers.

C. He Xi North District Sewerage, River Improvement, and Water Replenishing Component

15. This component has two subcomponents: (i) Sewerage Subcomponent. This consists of building 28.7 km of sewer pipelines and expanding the capacity of the South Lake No. 1 Sewage Pumping Station. (ii) River Improvement and Water Replenishing Subcomponent. This consists of (i) dredging the Long Jiang and the Qing Jiang North Aqueduct, and constructing a 450 m long box culvert; and (ii) diverting river water for the Long Jiang area by constructing 1.7 km of pipelines for river water diversion, updating the gravity culvert of Xiao Dou Men pumping station and the Li Wei pumping station, constructing two controlling water gates, and building a South River pumping station.

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D. Stormwater Drainage Component

16. This component consists of constructing 29 storm drain outlets and replacing 26.5 km of drainage pipelines in the districts of Gu Lou, Xuan Wu, Bai Xia, Qinhuai, and Xia Guan.

E. Sludge Treatment and Disposal Component

17. This component consists of constructing (i) a new sewage sludge treatment facility in the existing Jiang Xin Zhou WWTP with capacity (dry solid) of 80 tons per day (t/d), and (ii) a new 1,120 m3/d capacity municipal sludge disposal facility at Mountain Feng Huang.

F. Institutional Component

18. Although not part of the works components, this component is significant for the proper implementation of the Project. It includes policy dialogue and capacity building. It will satisfy the institutional development needs of NMG and appropriate agencies so that these organizations will have the capacity to manage, implement, and maintain all the Project’s components and subcomponents.

19. The scope of institutional strengthening includes assessment and recommendations regarding (i) roles of the executing and implementing agencies within the project management framework, (ii) institutional capacity of organizations responsible for the future operation and maintenance of the completed facilities, (iii) organizational structure and management arrangements in the various project organizations, (iv) outline business plans of the project companies, and (v) training programs for managers and staff responsible for service delivery to strengthen their capacity to efficiently implement, operate, and maintain the constructed facilities.

20. One important element in this component is institutional strengthening, capacity building, and training in environmental management. The target will include the executing and implementing agencies (IAs) as well as project companies. The purpose is to build up the capacity of these entities so that they are able to implement the EMP and environmental monitoring.

21. This component will also include ongoing policy dialogue for continual improvements. Policy dialogue related to the environment will include regulatory enforcement and monitoring for environmental management, wastewater management, and sludge management.

22. With regard to regulatory enforcement and monitoring for environmental management, NMG has acknowledged responsibility to implement the commitments given in the EIA documentation and the EMP during project implementation. This responsibility will be discharged by the IAs in conjunction with relevant departments of NMG as specific staff will be assigned to undertake monitoring and coordination roles. Establishment of appropriate monitoring procedures will be included in the implementation consulting services contract.

23. The policy dialogue on wastewater management focuses on integrated management of industrial and domestic water, including on-site treatment and public sewer connections. NMG recognizes that providing an increased water supply leads to an increase in the volume of wastewater. Provision of adequate wastewater treatment facilities is essential to public health. This must be developed incrementally and in phases because of the high costs involved. The success of the wastewater management policy will impact on the sector objective of pollution reduction and also on the cost-effectiveness of wastewater management and operations.

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24. Sludge in Nanjing comes from WWTPs, water treatment works, river dredging, and maintaining pipeline networks. Presently, NMG lacks an integrated sludge management master plan for the city. For example, the purpose-built Mountain Feng Huang Sludge Disposal Facility under this Project will not accept sludge from water treatment works. An overall strategy is needed for properly treating and disposing of all types of sludge to prevent secondary pollution.

III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Topography and Geology

25. The project area lies in a hilly part of Jiangsu Province, in a river valley formed by the Qinhuai and Yangtze rivers. The city is surrounded by hills on three sides and the Yangtze River on the northwest. Topographic features are hills, rivers, plains, and islands. There are no high mountains in the project area. Hills higher than 400 m include Mountain Heng, Mountain Lao, and Mountain Zhong.

B. Climate and Rainfall

26. The project area is in the northern tropical and monsoon climate zone. Seasonal changes are distinct. The annual average temperature is about 15.4o C. January is the coldest month, with an average temperature of 2.3o C. July is the hottest month, with an average temperature of 27.9o C and maximum of 43.0o C.

27. Average relative is 77%, with annual average rainfall of 1,041.7 millimeters (mm), mainly coming during June to September. The maximum rainfall is 1,561 mm and the minimum is 684.2 mm. The daily maximum rainfall is 198.5 mm. Annual days with no frost number about 222–224.

28. The prevailing wind is from the northeast. The no-wind frequency is 22%. The annual average wind speed is 3.4 meters per second.

29. Recent ambient air quality monitoring data show that air quality in the project area could be characterized as Class II, except for the parameter of particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometers. Air quality is classified into 5 classes in the PRC, with Class V being the poorest. Both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides meet Class II standards, but the average monitoring data for these two parameters showed an increasing trend in 2004 compared to previous years.

C. Hydrology

30. The project area lies in the Yangtze River basin. The Yangtze flows through the city from southwest to northeast. The major river systems in the city include the Qinhuai River, Jinchuan River, and Beishilichanggou.

31. The Qinhuai River is a branch of the Yangtze. It originates from Lishui and Jurong counties and flows into the Nanjing via Dongshan Town of . Its total length is 110 km and it has a catchment area of 2,631 square kilometers (km2).

32. Within Nanjing City, from Xi Bei Village in Jiangning District to San Cha He Estuary, the Qinhuai is known as the Outer Qinhuai River and has a total length of 34 km. The Yun Tai Shan, Niu Shou Shan, Xiangshui, Yun Liang, Youyi, and South Rivers join it on its path to the Yangtze River at San Cha He Estuary.

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33. The length within the city proper is called the Inner Qinhuai River. Here, it consists of the south, central, east, and north sections; the Pearl River; and the City East water system. The Inner Qinhuai’s total length is about 17 km.

34. The main stream of the Qinhuai River divides into 3 branches. One branch, with a length of 11.6 km, extends from Xi Bei Village to Heding Bridge. At Heding Bridge of Dongshan Town the river splits. The north branch converges with Hu Cheng He via Tong Ji Gate, then into the Yangtze River at San Cha He through the south and the west of the city with a length of 22.4 km and a previously designed flood flow of 600 cubic meter (m3) per second. The west branch, New Qinhuai River, flows into the Yangtze River via Xi Shan Bridge and Jin Sheng Village of Nanjing City with a total length of 18 km and a previously designed flood capacity of 900 m3 per second.

35. Groundwater in the project area is mostly contained in loose rock pore water aquifer and base rock weathering fissure water aquifer. In the Nanjing area, this layer is approximately 1 m underground with a depth of approximately 10–20 m. In recent years, it has been in an equilibrium state between extraction and replenishment.

D. Ecological Resources

36. Nanjing is in a transitional area of mixed deciduous broadleaf and evergreen broadleaf trees and bushes. Forest coverage is approximately 17.5% for the whole city. There are more than 1,373 species of vascular plants belonging to 175 families and 630 genera. Seven plants are protected species at the state level. The greenery coverage for the built-up city area is 43%.

37. Fauna recorded in Nanjing include 35 species of wildlife, 216 species of birds, 11 species of amphibians, 19 species of reptiles, and 54 species of fish. State protected species include Chinese sturgeon, Chinese River Dolphin, and the Luehdorfia chinensis butterfly.

38. No rare, threatened, or endangered species have been recorded at the project sites. Due to human disturbance, large wildlife no longer inhabits the city.

39. With regard to cultural heritage, Qi Qiao Weng, the Ancient Yun Bing Bridge, and Nanjing City Wall are in the project area. Qi Qiao Weng is an ancient bridge built during the early Ming Dynasty. It is the largest ancient bridge in the city and is well protected. The bridge is 89.6 m long, 13 m wide and 25 m high. Nanjing Ming Dynasty City Wall was built between 1328 and 1398. The total length of the Wall in the city is 33.68 km.

E. Water Quality and Pollution

40. Nanjing generated 897 million m3 of wastewater in 2004. Industrial wastewater accounted for 52% of this flow. Approximately 42% of the flow was handled by five WWTPs in Nanjing, having a combined capacity of 800,000 m3/d, and associated wastewater collection systems.

41. The water quality objective in Outer Qinhuai River is Class IV. However, 2005 monitoring data indicate that it failed to reach even Class V except in the Qi Qiao Weng section. The 2005 data showed exceedances in chemical oxygen demand using the dichromate reflux method (CODCr), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and dissolved oxygen. The rest of the parameters monitored achieved Class IV standards. The monitoring results also show that water quality in Outer Qinhuai River was worse in 2005 than in 2004.

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42. The water quality objective in Inner Qinhuai River is Class IV. Based on 2005 monitoring data, however, it failed to achieve even Class V, as it showed exceedances in dissolved oxygen, CODCr, NH3-H, BOD5, and total phosphorus (TP) that were typical of water pollution in an urban area.

43. The water quality in Yun Liang River, South River, Long Jiang River and the rivers in He Xi district all failed to achieve Class IV standards.

F. Social and Economic Conditions

44. Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province, and it is one of China’s most important commercial, cultural, and industrial centers. Its history spans nearly 2,500 years. As an ancient capital of China and the site of several key historic events, the city is rich in historical and cultural features, one of which is the Qinhuai River itself. As one of the four largest central cities along the Yangtze River valley, Nanjing has taken advantage of its geographical position to become the most developed finance, trade, information, science, educational and research center in the province. It has 39 universities and colleges. The main urban area is inside the city-ring-road and comprises a land area of 243 km2.

45. Nanjing is experiencing a period of strong economic growth. In the first quarter of 2006, Nanjing’s gross domestic product grew by 15.4% over the same period a year earlier to reach CNY 60.6 billion. There is evidence that the fruits of this economic growth are being passed on to Nanjing residents, as the average urban per capita disposable income increase by 18.9% from the previous year to CNY 5,241. At the same time, the per capita income of farmers reached CNY 2,747, an increase of 16.4%.

46. Table 1 shows that Nanjing’s socioeconomic conditions are better than the national averages.

Table 1: Socioeconomic Conditions of Nanjing compared to the National Data

Item China Nanjing Remark Population 1.29 billion 5.96 million 0.5% Male:female ratio 52:48 53:47 Similar Per capita GDP CNY10,533 CNY33,050 Much higher Average town unemployment rate 4.2 4.03 Lower Poverty line per capita per annum CNY668 CNY3,120 Much higher Poverty incidence 2.8% 1.5% Lower Ethnic minorities % 8% 1.46% Lower GDP = gross domestic product Source: Project preparatory technical assistance draft final report. 2006.

47. Nanjing is a major transportation hub in the Yangtze River delta area, with highways, railways, and airline services to other cities within and outside the province. The highways in the city totaled 5,749 km as of the end of 2005. The city is connected by modern highway to Shanghai and via the Yangtze River to inland China (Nanjing is the largest inland port in China). Nanjing also boasts a new modern international airport and an efficient public transport network that includes a modern underground metro system. During the 10th Five-Year Plan (2001 to 2005), the No. 2 and No. 3 bridges across the Yangtze River were completed, Metro Line One was put into operation, and renovation of Nanjing Railway Station was completed.

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48. Important industries of Nanjing include electronics, automobiles, petrochemicals, iron and steel, and energy. Large state-owned firms include Panda Electronics, Motors and Nanjing Steel. Nanjing has also had a successful drive to attract foreign investment and is host to several prominent international firms, such as Fiat, Iveco, Sharp, and Samsung, with many others in the process of establishment.

49. The Project’s socioeconomic analysis found the average household size was 2.88 persons, and the average household income was CNY2,900 per month (CNY1,007 per capita per month or CNY12,083 per capita per annum). The poverty line in Nanjing (urban) is CNY260 per capita per month. As their incomes fall below this threshold, some 75,400 people, or 4.3% of the municipal population (1.5% of households), benefit from the minimum standard of living subsidy. The socioeconomic survey found, however, that 7.3% of households live below the poverty line. That could either mean that the survey areas took in a greater than average percentage of the poor or that there are a large number of poor people who either have not applied for the subsidy or are ineligible. The results tend to illustrate that people most likely to be living on low incomes are those who are retired, students, and the unemployed.

50. The dominant ethnic group in Nanjing is Han, who make up 98.5% of the population. The remaining 1.5% consists of 50 other ethnic groups, the main one being Hui (64,823), followed by Man (2,311) then Zhuang (533). The national average of ethnic minorities is 8%. According to the Ethnic Minorities Affairs Bureau (and as confirmed by the socioeconomic survey), ethnic minorities in Nanjing are not characterized by any marked differences from the Han majority in either income level or occupational group, and, if they fall below the poverty line, ethnic minorities are entitled to additional support measures.

51. The picture with regard to gender and development in Nanjing also appears positive, with some ambitious targets set by the Women’s Federation to boost women’s political participation, improve gender equality in certain occupational sectors, and eliminate gender-based violence. Additionally, women’s representation at various levels of the educational system, middle and senior management jobs, and the science and technology sector is impressive. Unfortunately, however, there is a dearth of information disaggregated by gender in order to actually assess, for example, average incomes of men and women, male and female headed households. Women’s participation in the construction and engineering sector (which would particularly benefit from the Project in terms of creating jobs) is one in which women’s participation, at just 38%, lags behind that of men. Consideration will be given for policies to promote women’s employment in project activities. Gender disaggregated data collected through the socioeconomic survey has not identified women as a vulnerable group and the Project requires no gender action plan.

IV. ALTERNATIVES

A. With Project and Without Project Alternatives

52. The wastewater management theme of this Project, by expanding the capacity of the City East WWTP, will remove approximately 5,000 tons per annum (t/a) of BOD5, 9,000 t/a of CODCr, 6,800 t/a of suspended solids (SS), 950 t/a of NH3-N, and 110 t/a of TP that would otherwise enter the Yun Liang River. Sewerage networks to be built are important parts of the goal to reduce pollutants discharged from the district into the Qinhuai River system by 90%. These pollutant reduction benefits will be lost without this Project.

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53. The stormwater drainage theme of the Project will improve stormwater drainage in Nanjing. Existing stormwater pipelines in Nanjing, including combined systems, total 1,153 km. Since reconstruction has not been carried out in the whole zone, some built-up areas cannot meet the standard, and the pipe network is not yet complete. Some regions have infrastructure that is below standard, small pipes, and inadequate outlet arrangements. Urban areas still have the combined system of sewage and rainwater. In many areas, rainwater is drained through open channels and overflows result in serious pollution of rivers. Without this Project, flooding and polluted runoff into rivers will continue and the conditions will further worsen.

54. The Project’s river improvement and water replenishment theme, with its river dredging, embankment works, and river water diversion and replenishment, will improve the Outer and Inner Qinhuai rivers, Yun Liang River, Long Jiang, and Qing Jiang North Aqueduct. This will improve the flushing, water quality, and flood storage of these rivers. Without the Project, water quality deterioration and flooding would continue, living environments of local residents would deteriorate, and decline in the tourism industry would result in negative socioeconomic impacts.

55. The sludge management theme of the Project will provide treatment and disposal of sewage sludge and municipal sludge from river dredging and maintenance of the pipeline network. Nanjing does not presently have a consistent sludge treatment and disposal scheme, and so a large quantity of untreated sludge is disposed of improperly. Due to the increasing amount of sewage and municipal sludge, the disposal problem is becoming very serious and there is an urgent need to build a facility to address this situation. Without the Project, secondary pollution to the environment would become very serious.

56. The Project’s wetland park theme will revert a derelict site into a lowland wetland that was functional some 30 years ago. Part of this land was formed by illegal dumping of municipal solid waste and construction waste, and many people are living on top of this in poor, overcrowded, unsanitary, and potentially unsafe conditions. This Project provides an opportunity to resettle these people into improved living conditions and to build the site into a wetland park for outdoor recreation, flood storage, water quality polishing, habitat conservation, cultural preservation, and conservation education. This is a win-win situation for both humans and wildlife. Without this Project, such an opportunity would be lost.

B. Alternatives in Wastewater Management

57. Alternatives considered in the wastewater management theme included sewage treatment technologies, odor removal technologies, sludge treatment technologies and disposal options, sewer pipe materials, and sewer pipe installation techniques.

58. Three biochemical treatment technologies were evaluated for the City East WWTP expansion. These included A2O (so-called “University of Cape Town,” or “UCT”),3 oxidation ditch, and sequencing batch reactor approaches. A2O was selected for biological phosphorus removal and denitrification, and it is to be followed by filtration for wastewater treatment.

59. For odor removal at the City East WWTP, the use of chemicals, biofilter, and activated carbon were considered. A chemical technology was selected due to its more consistent performance.

3 The abbreviation represents “anaerobic-anoxic-oxic” activated sludge system.

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60. For sludge treatment at the City East WWTP, digestion followed by thickening and dewatering was considered as well as thickening and dewatering without digestion. On the basis of its cost advantages and consistency with the existing facility, the use of belt filter presses for thickening and dewatering was selected.

61. For disposing of sludge generated by the City East WWTP, landfilling, composting, incineration, and brick making were considered. The incineration option was ruled out after discussions with the PPTA team. Based on cost, present knowledge of the technology, and market demand for the products, landfill disposal was selected and the sludge will be disposed of at the Mountain Jiaozi Sanitary Landfill that is 7 km away from the WWTP. Similar considerations were conducted for the sludge from the Jiangxinzhou WWTP. Testing showed that the sludge, similarly to that generated by the City East WWTP, will exceed cadmium and zinc levels for Class III soil standards and is not suitable for reuse.4 The sludge will be treated using the drying and dewatering process to be supported by the Project and then will be sent to Mountain Feng Huang for safe disposal.

62. Alternatives on sewer pipe materials were evaluated on a least-cost basis. The conclusion was to use (i) mild steel pipes with extra external protection for river crossings, (ii) reinforced concrete pipes for pipe jacking installations and for pipe depths that exceed 4.5 m, and (iii) fiber glass reinforced plastic pipes for pipe depths that are less than 4.5 m.

63. To minimize the quantity of excavated materials generated, both excavation and pipe jacking techniques for installing sewer pipes were evaluated. The decision was to use excavation for small-diameter pipes and pipe jacking for large-diameter pipes.

C. Alternatives in Stormwater Drainage

64. For the replacement of outdated stormwater pipes, four types of pipe materials were evaluated. These included high density polyethylene (HDPE), reinforced concrete, unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, and glass fiber reinforced plastic. The evaluation showed that in the range of 300–800 mm, HDPE pipe is more cost-effective than is reinforced concrete pipe. When the pipe diameter exceeds 800 mm, the cost advantage reverses. HDPE pipes were selected for diameter 800 mm and less, and reinforced concrete pipes were selected for pipes larger than 800 mm diameter.

D. Alternatives in River Improvement and Water Replenishment

65. Alternatives were evaluated for pumping station locations, water transmission routes, water transmission pipeline materials, embankment types, and types of dredging equipment.

66. Three locations for the new pumping station to divert water from Outer Qinhuai River to replenish Inner Qinhuai River were considered (Table 2). After comparing planning, technical, and environmental protection issues, the overriding criterion was decided to be source water quality and alternative 1, with the best water quality, was selected.

4 Under the PRC Soil Quality Standard GB15618-1995, Class III soil is suitable for planting trees and vegetation.

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Table 2: Comparison of Alternative Pumping Station-sites for Qinhuai River Water Diversion

Alternative Advantages Disadvantages Alternative 1 • Meets planning requirements • Necessary to change the land • Main building in harmony with the environment use (tree planting) • Land take of 5,436 square meter (m2), corresponding • Longer distance between outlet with land needed for the pumping station pipeline and diversion point • Preferable water quality, convenient transportation, water and electricity supply facilities. • Good geological and hydrographic conditions • Little dismantling work and earthwork, easy for construction

Alternative 2 • Meets planning requirements • Factories at the site, complicating • Land use: reasonable and economical land purchase • Land take of 6,829 m2, corresponding with land needed for the pumping station • Preferable water quality, convenient transportation, water and electricity supply facilities. • Good geological and hydrographic conditions • Shorter distance between outlet pipeline and diversion point

Alternative 3 • Meets planning requirements • Necessary to change the land 2 • Land take of 6,829 m , corresponding with land needed use (tree planting). for the pumping station • Longer inlet pipeline of the • Preferable water quality, convenient transportation, pumping station, resulting in water and electricity supply facilities. construction difficulty • Good geological and hydrographic conditions • Very deep inlet tank of the • Shorter distance between outlet pipeline and diversion pumping station increases point expense for the civil works. m2 = square meter Source: Project preparatory technical assistance draft final report. 2006.

67. Two locations for the new pumping station for water diversion in He Xi North District were considered (Table 3). Alternative 1 was selected, as it had less land take, lower construction cost, more compact layout, more convenient operation, and less damage and effect on the local environment.

Table 3: Comparison of Alternative Pumping Station-sites for Water Diversion in He Xi North District

Alternative Advantages Disadvantages Alternative 1 Less land take, compact layout, less impact to Three high voltage poles need to be relocated the surrounding environment

Alternative 2 Three high voltage poles can be avoided Large land area needed, the pumping station needs to be built in the river so reclamation is needed, layout not as compact

Source: Project preparatory technical assistance draft final report. 2006.

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68. Based on the selected location of the new pumping station, three transmission routes for diverting the water from Outer Qinhuai River to replenish Inner Qinhuai River were evaluated. The shortest and least-cost route was selected.

69. For water transmission pipelines, steel pipe, ductile cast iron pipe, and glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe were considered. Steel pipe was selected based on its ability to negotiate unforeseen obstructions.

70. Three embankment cross section options were evaluated for Upper Qinhuai River and South River: trapezoidal, rectangular and a combination of the two (Table 4). Trapezoidal was selected, as lower quantities of earth need to be moved and engineering costs are lower.

Table 4: Comparison of Alternative Embankment Types

Engineering Earth to be cost Recommended Option Advantages Disadvantages moved (CNY 10,000 / or not (m3 / 100 m) 100 m) Trapezoidal • Very similar to the • Relatively more land 16,445 178.87 Recommended section natural features of the required Option 1 river • Meets requirements of local water environment • Less engineering quantity and lower investment

Rectangular • Effectively control river • Greater earth 38,808 313.05 Not section regime quantities to move, recommended Option 2 • Relatively less land high engineering take on both banks investment • Visual hardness of materials of the revetment, thereby affecting landscape; • Would not meet requirements of local water environment

30,040 270.56 Not Option 3 Combination of Options 1 and 2 recommended m = meter, m3 = cubic meter. Source: Project preparatory technical assistance draft final report. 2006.

71. For Yun Liang River, masonry, concrete, and ecological revetments were evaluated. After considering the conditions of the banks of Yun Liang River together with the adjacent future wetland park, ecological revetment was selected. It provides both good slope bank protection and an ecological environment that blends in with the wetland landscape.

72. For dredging the Upper Qinhuai River, three types of equipment were evaluated (Table 5). These included cutter-suction dredger, bucket wheel dredger, and grab bucket dredger. The grab bucket dredger was selected due to its lesser effect on navigation and lowest cost per shift.

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Table 5: Comparison of Alternative Equipment for River Dredging Engineering Recommended Type Advantages Disadvantages cost or not • Integrated excavating, • Affected by discharging 1,165 transporting, and pumping distance; relay pumping must CNY/shift Cutter- • Superior construction quality be installed, thereby Not suction increasing cost recommended dredger • High production efficiency • Conflict with navigable fairway Bucket • Integrated excavating, • Affected by discharging 735 wheel transporting, and pumping distance, relay pumping must CNY/shift dredger • Superior construction quality be installed, thereby Not increasing cost • High production efficiency recommended • Conflict with navigable fairway Grab • Little impacted by • Separate excavating, 455 Recommended Bucket transportation distance transporting, and unloading CNY/shift dredger • Flexible, small conflict with equipment complicates work navigable fairway pattern • Lower cost • More difficult in construction quality control Source: Project preparatory technical assistance draft final report. 2006.

73. For dredging the South River, three types of equipment were also evaluated. They included small-scale cutter-suction dredger, dredging pump, and silt remover. The South River has a narrow riverbed, shallow water, bridges with low height and narrow clearances. Small- scale equipment is the only practical solution, and the dredging pump method was selected.

E. Alternatives in Sludge Management

74. Three potential locations for the municipal sludge disposal facility were considered: Mountain Feng Huang, Jinning Quarry and Mountain Jiaozi low land (Table 6). The disused iron mine at Mountain Feng Huang was selected, based on its being the most cost-effective among the three.

Table 6: Comparison of Alternative Sites for Sludge Disposal Item Mountain Feng Huang Jinning Quarry Mountain Jiaozi Low Land Protection target Xiquan Village 700 m away, Jinlin Prison 500 m away, Population Management about 20 people about 3,000 people Institute 450 m away, about 2,000 people; Dou village 580 m away, about 150 people

Vegetation No trees nearby, less impact Serious impact on trees Moderate impact on trees damage on vegetation and vegetation and vegetation

Transport Convenient, and less impact Traffic impact on the Jilin Traffic impact on Dou Village on environment Prison

Receiving water Yuntai River with good water Jiuxiang River with less Yun Liang River with bad body quality satisfactory water quality water quality

Visual impact Less visual impact Significant visual impact Moderate visual impact

Reuse Disused iron mine is reused No No

Life time 10 years 7 years 8.6 years m = meter. Source: Project preparatory technical assistance draft final report. 2006.

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F. Alternatives in Wetland Park

75. Three wetland designs were considered. These include (i) water treatment wetland, (ii) conservation wetland, and (iii) wetland park.

76. Use of wetlands to biologically treat water has been successfully implemented in China and the trend is toward more widespread application. Uptake of nutrients by reeds and cattails provides a means of nutrient removal from the aquatic system. Because of the small area of the site, water treatment gains will not be great.

77. As of year-end 2005, China had 473 wetland nature reserves covering more than 43 million ha. Nearly half of the natural wetlands in nature reserves are effectively protected, limiting or restricting access by mankind. A conservation wetland will provide flood storage to a greater extent than would be possible in a wetland park. Because of its urban location and small size, the conservation benefits from such a wetland nature reserve will be very limited.

78. A wetland park provides a combination of functions that are beneficial to the water environment, wildlife, and humankind. Though not purposely designed for water treatment, it does have the ability to polish the river water quality by removing SS and nutrients. Though flood storage will be less than that of a wetland nature reserve, it does provide some such capacity. It also provides habitats for wildlife. Unlike a wetland nature reserve that will have restricted access, the wetland park will become an important site in an urban area in Nanjing for outdoor recreation and conservation education. This multifunctional wetland park was selected as the preferred alternative for this Project.

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

A. Positive Impacts and Environmental Benefits

79. A major positive impact and environmental benefit of the Project is pollutant reduction. The wastewater management theme has been estimated to reduce pollutant discharge into the Qinhuai River system each year by 5,000 ton (t) of BOD5, 9,000 t of CODCr, 6,800 t of SS, 950 t of NH3-N and 110 t of TP.

80. The stormwater drainage theme will bring the stormwater network up to date to provide adequate capacity for flood control.

81. The river improvement and replenishment theme, by improving the flushing capacity of the watercourses, will improve the water quality and flood storage capacities in these rivers.

82. The sludge management theme will provide proper treatment and disposal for sewage sludge from five WWTPs, dredged materials from the rivers, and sludge from maintaining the pipeline network. This will prevent secondary pollution of the Nanjing environment.

83. The wetland park theme will remove a degraded urban site from the city, and restore it into a wetland park with functions for outdoor recreation, water quality polishing, flood storage, wildlife habitats, and conservation education.

84. All these will bring secondary public health and socioeconomic benefits to Nanjing and its citizens. Improvements to the water quality and the riverbanks will improve the living conditions of people along these rivers, beautify the culturally important Qinhuai River, and

16 promote tourism and property development that will bring in employment and other socioeconomic benefits.

B. Impacts Associated with the Project Location, Planning, and Design

85. The Project will result in the removal of 50,899 square meters (m2) of residential houses and 48,895 m2 of stores and workshops. There will be resettlement of 260 households, consisting of 445 people, and demolition of 48 stores and workshops employing 82 people. Mitigation measures and compensation for impacts on the population are addressed in the resettlement plan.

86. Adequate technical design of the City East WWTP expansion will be required, and it will provide for the desired treatment to meet discharge standards and safety of plant operations. Design of the sludge treatment facility at Jiang Xin Zhou will provide for adequate odor and noise mitigation during operation. For the municipal sludge disposal facility at Mountain Feng Huang, adequate technical design of the leachate and landfill gas collection systems, liner system, and the leachate treatment facility are essential to mitigate groundwater and air quality impacts. The wetland park also needs adequate hydraulic and ecological design in order to maximize its flood storage and conservation functions.

87. Sensible construction planning is important to minimize environmental and traffic impacts. Disruptive and noisy activities should be minimized during night hours, school examination periods (if there are schools nearby), and morning and afternoon peak traffic hours. The planning of the wetland park will, in fact, have a positive impact, as it will provide improved living conditions to the residents who will be resettled and a habitat for wildlife.

C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase

1. Land and Habitat Loss

88. The Project will result in the permanent loss of approximately 64 ha of land and associated habitats. The municipal sludge disposal facility at Mountain Feng Huang accounts for approximately 52%, while the wetland park account for the remaining 47%. The land is of mixed uses, including residential housing, commercial and industrial activities, and agricultural land that is being used or abandoned. Residential houses, shops, and factories affected will be about 50,899 m2, 1,330m2, and 47,565 m2 respectively.

89. This Project will result in the temporary loss of approximately 48 ha of land and associated habitats. Haul roads, construction staging areas and offices, and pipe-laying works will temporarily occupy this land, which is mostly urban roadside, except for the improvement of the South River where 300 m2 of residential houses and 120 m2 of shops connected to these houses will be affected. When construction is completed, this land will be restored to its existing uses or replanted with a view to visual aesthetics.

90. Nanjing is a historical city that is rich in cultural heritage. There is no record of important heritage and archaeological sites on the land that would be temporarily or permanently lost. Should archaeological artifacts be discovered during site works, government requirements for excavating and preserving these items will be strictly followed. These pieces of land are not in designated natural reserves or scenic spots, and there is no record of any threatened or endangered species being present.

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2. Wastewater Management

91. This theme will involve laying approximately 61.5 km of sewer pipelines and expanding one sewage pumping station and the City East WWTP (by 100,000 m3/d). These activities will be carried out in the urban area with sensitive receivers as close as 10–20 m from the work site boundary. Dust and equipment noise will impact on these receivers. The EIA study found that, in the worst case, construction noise could impact sensitive receivers that are within 150 m of the work site boundary in the daytime and within 470 m at night. It further determined that dust would impact on sensitive receivers within 200 m of the work site boundary.

92. Laying pipe is a linear activity. That is to say, when a section is finished, construction activities move on and move away. The EIA study estimated that it would take, on average, 8 days to lay 1 km of sewer pipeline. Therefore, dust and noise impacts from these construction activities to each sensitive receiver could be deemed short-term and temporary.

93. Laying 61.5 km of pipes will generate a lot of excavated spoil. The use of pipe jacking can reduce this amount substantially. Even so, more than 1 million m3 of excavated spoil will need to be disposed of. Although backfilling will require more than 800,000 m3 of materials, in practice it will be difficult to reuse the same excavated materials for backfilling due to the lack of temporary storage area on-site (particularly for pipe-laying work where the works area along the pipeline route would be too narrow to provide for temporary storage).

94. Nanjing has an innovative system for managing excavated soil. NMG has set up a centralized facility to accept and store excavated soil and to distribute backfilling materials. Contractors are required to take all excavated soil to this facility as well as to obtain all backfilling materials from this facility. Inert construction waste generated from the Project will not be an environmental issue.

95. The expansion of the City East WWTP’s capacity by 100,000 m3/d will also have dust and noise impacts. The construction-site and workers will generate wastewater and solid waste.

96. The good site practices described below will be adopted during construction to mitigate impacts from dust, noise, solid waste, wastewater, sanitation, and construction traffic.

97. Dust mitigation measures include the paving of frequently used haul roads, frequent watering of unpaved areas and haul roads, minimizing on-site storage time of construction and demolition wastes, covering of stockpiles, use of tarpaulins to cover trucks carrying dusty materials, controlling vehicle speeds on construction-sites, and timely restoration of disturbed land to minimize adverse impacts on humans and crops.

98. Noise mitigation measures include the use of quiet equipment, proper machinery maintenance and operation, the use of temporary hoardings or noise barriers to shield noise sources, and no construction from 22:00 to 06:00 hours near residential areas, hotels, and hospitals.

99. Refuse generated by the workers, along with construction and demolition wastes, could have adverse impacts on surrounding environments. Refuse will be stored in closed containers and regularly transported off-site for disposal. The most practical and effective mitigation measure is timely cleanup and removal of construction and demolition wastes.

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100. Uncontrolled wastewater and muddy runoff from construction-sites could potentially pollute nearby water bodies and clog drains. Portable toilets and small package wastewater treatment plants will be provided for the workers and canteens. If there are nearby public sewers, interim holding tanks and pipelines should be installed to convey the wastewater to these sewers. To control process wastewater and muddy runoff, sedimentation tanks should be installed on-site to treat wastewater with high concentrations of suspended solids. If necessary, flocculants should be used to facilitate sedimentation.

101. Sanitation is a key public health issue during construction. The majority of the large workforce will be from outside the immediate neighborhood and living in temporary quarters. Such conditions create an environment conducive to propagating diseases. Efficient sanitation will be maintained and monitored, and health services will be provided.

102. Construction traffic and activity could cause traffic congestion and inconvenience to other drivers, pedestrians, and shop owners, particularly during pipe-laying. Temporary traffic management is needed to mitigate these conditions. This will include diverting or scheduling construction traffic to avoid morning and afternoon peak traffic hours, regulating traffic at the road crossings, building interim roads, selecting transport routes to reduce disturbance to regular traffic, and reinstating the roads as soon as possible.

3. Stormwater Drainage

103. This theme will involve replacing 26.5 km of stormwater pipes and reconstructing 29 storm drain outlets. As described above, pipe-laying is a linear activity and potential dust and noise impacts to nearby sensitive receivers will be short-term and temporary.

104. Good site practices to mitigate dust, noise, wastewater, solid waste, sanitation, and construction traffic impacts are the same as those described above.

4. River Improvement and Water Replenishment

105. River improvement will include approximately 30 km of river dredging, 650 m of box culvert construction, 9.8 km of embankment works, and 1.5 km of ecological restoration of revetment. Water replenishment will involve laying 4.1 km of water transmission pipelines, constructing two pumping stations, installing water diversion control systems, restoring one water gate, and constructing five new water gates.

106. During construction, the good site practices described above will be adopted to mitigate dust, noise, wastewater, solid waste, sanitation, and traffic impacts. The following describes other environment impacts that are pertinent to river improvement works.

107. Odor from river dredging will affect nearby sensitive receivers. High organic contents from years’ worth of deposited organic waste into the rivers will have turned the river sediment into an anoxic/anaerobic state, enhancing the formation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other odorous gases. When the river sediment is disturbed during dredging, H2S will be released into the air and give off a rotten egg smell. The EIA study assessed that sensitive receivers consisting of residential houses, parks, and a hotel within 50 m of the dredging works will be affected. It was calculated that at the South River temporary storage site for dredge material the impact distance will be 200 m.

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108. River dredging is also a linear activity. Potential odor impact to a sensitive receiver will therefore be short term and temporary. Once a section is finished, the dredger moves on and away. To mitigate potential odor impacts at the temporary storage site, the dredged materials will not be allowed to accumulate to large quantities but will be transferred to the permanent disposal site as quickly as possible. There is no sensitive receiver within 500 m of the permanent disposal site.

109. Dredging would increase the SS levels in the water by stirring up the riverbed and by overflowing from the grab bucket dredge. Such impact will be localized and short term. The EIA study indicated that dredging on some sections of rivers in the He Xi North District could be done in the dry, by putting up barriers or building bunds upstream and downstream of the works area to block off the river flow, then pumping out the river water. This would prevent the dispersion of SS during dredging.

110. River dredging will produce over 1.15 million m3 of dredged spoil. Approximately 0.86 million m3 will be reused for embankment works along the Upper Qinhuai River. The majority of the remaining 0.29 million m3 will be disposed of at the Mountain Feng Huang Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility. A small quantity of approximately 20,000 m3 will be taken to the Jiangning Shang Fang Town disposal site, because this amount will be generated before the Mountain Feng Huang facility is commissioned.

111. Chemical testing on the heavy metals contents of the river sediments was carried out during the EIA study. Results showed heavy metal levels complying with Class III soil environmental standards for soil to be used for planting trees and vegetation. To ensure greater safety, the dredged sludge will not be used as embankment material directly, but, rather, as backfilling to the soil excavated for embankment in the upper Qinhuai River component.

112. River improvement works may be carried out close to several historical structures that are of cultural significance. These include the Nanjing Ming Dynasty City Wall, Qi Qiao Weng, and the Ancient Yun Bing Bridge. Care will be taken when works occur near these structures so that they are not damaged.

113. Constructing box culverts and embankments and installing water transmission pipes are linear activities. Potential construction impacts to nearby sensitive receivers will be short term and temporary. The EIA report estimated that it will take approximately 23 days to install 1 km of water transmission pipeline and 20 days to build a 450 m long box culvert.

5. Sludge Management

114. This theme will include constructing an 80 t/d wastewater sludge treatment facility inside the existing Jiang Xin Zhou WWTP and a 1,120 t/d municipal sludge disposal facility at Mountain Feng Huang. During construction, good site practices as described above will be adopted to mitigate dust, noise, wastewater, solid waste, sanitation, and traffic impacts. Other environmental impacts that are pertinent to the construction of these facilities are described below.

115. During site visits to the disused iron mine earmarked for the Mountain Feng Huang Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility, it was observed that previous mining activities had left a very large and deep pit now partly filled with water that could be 30–50 m deep. It was also observed that unauthorized mining activities were going on and discharging mine tailing wash water directly into the pit. This large quantity of pit water would have to be pumped out and discharged

20 into a nearby water body during the construction of this facility. Chemical testing showed compliance with discharge standards for the receiving water body. Yet, the list of parameters tested was by no means comprehensive. Moreover, illegal discharges into the pit are still ongoing and could worsen pit water quality. Further chemical testing for a comprehensive list of potential pollutants will be conducted before pumping the pit water out during construction. If heavy metal levels are found to exceed the discharge standards, then the pit water will be treated before discharging into the receiving water body.

116. The soil on the Mountain Feng Huang site has been chemically tested from selected locations in a phase 1 environmental site assessment. Results showed that the levels of copper and cadmium exceeded Class II soil environmental quality standards for soil that may be exposed to human activities. A phase 2 environmental site assessment will be carried out by the design institute in or before the detailed design stage to identify the spatial extent and quantify the volume of the soil that exceeds soil environmental quality Class II standards. The design institute will then carry out remediation design that will include the removal, treatment, and disposal of all contaminated soil. The remediation work will be completed before site works begin. For metals contamination, one cost-effective option is to stabilize the metals in the contaminated soil with cement. If it passes a leaching test, the end product could be used for such site-formation purposes in areas with minimal human activities as landscaping and beneath roads and car parks. The final choice of remediation technique is subject to a detailed phase 2 environmental site assessment and remediation design, as mentioned above.

6. Wetland Park

117. During construction, good site practices described above will be adopted to mitigate dust, noise, wastewater, solid waste, sanitation and traffic impacts. Other environmental impacts pertinent to construction of the wetland park are described below.

118. As mentioned above, the site for the wetland park contains municipal solid waste as well as construction and demolition wastes from years of illegal dumping. Soil-boring data showed that the quantity of this material would be approximately 5,400 t, and this will be excavated and taken to the Mountain Jiaozi Organic Waste Disposal Facility, a sanitary landfill in Nanjing. Chemical testing also showed that pollutant levels in these materials complied with Class II soil environmental quality standards for soil that may be exposed to human activities, and the groundwater met Class III standards. The old landfill material will be taken to the sanitary landfill as a precautionary measure. During excavation of municipal solid waste, there could be methane gas pockets that pose safety hazards. There will be no open flame during excavation and daily on-site measurements of methane gas will be conducted.

D. Resettlement

119. The Project will affect 16 villages through permanent land acquisition and resettlement. About 127 ha will be permanently acquired, of which 44 ha is state-owned and 83 ha is collective land. Permanent collective land acquisition will affect about 247 households and 521 farmers.

120. The Project will also require temporary occupation of 48 ha of land, of which 44.5 ha is state-owned and 3.5 ha is collective land. Temporary collective land occupation will affect 13 households and 29 persons.

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121. The total 260 households with 445 people will be relocated and about 50,899 m2 of houses will be demolished. Eighteen enterprises, 19 stand-alone shops, and 11 shops connected to residential houses will be directly affected by the demolition of structures totaling 48,895 m2. These structures are related to employment for 82 persons. In addition, some public infrastructures and facilities will be affected, including roads, culvert, fiber cables, electric poles, transformers, and so forth.

122. Resettlement plans have been prepared for the five components. These plans describe the resettlement and compensation of affected households and people. The plans are in accordance with PRC and ADB policies and requirements on resettlement.

E. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operational Phase

1. Wastewater Management

123. The EIA study assessed odor from the City East WWTP during its operation to be just at the detectable range for the sensitive receiver nearest to the plant. Odor mitigation using chemical dosing has been proposed. A sanitary buffer of 200 m, created by sensible planning of the plant layout to locate the odorous sources in the northwestern corner of the plant during the detailed design stage, also has been proposed.

124. The plant’s operational noise level would comply with standards at the plant boundary.

125. Treated effluent discharged from the plant was found to be unable to meet the receiving rivers’ functional classification in the vicinity of the outfall and up to the confluence of the Outer Qinhuai and Yun Liang rivers. By increasing the treatment capacity by 100,000 m3/d, however, it was estimated that approximately 5,000 t/a of BOD5, 9,000 t/a of CODCr, 6,800 t/a of SS, 950 t/a of NH3-N, and 110 t/a of TP would be kept from entering the Qinhuai River system. Such benefit certainly outweighs small and localized exceedances.

126. Plant operation would generate 10,950 t of sludge and 2,920 t of screened materials per year. These will go through dewatering and drying, and then will be disposed of at the Mountain Jiaozi Sanitary Landfill. This landfill has been in operation for 7 years, has a capacity of 4 million m3, and a life span of 20 years. Chemical testing on the sludge from existing operations showed that mercury and cadmium levels exceeded Class III soil environmental quality standards for planting use. The potential to reuse this sludge is limited.

127. Plant expansion also proposed to use ultraviolet for disinfection. Ultraviolet lamps contain mercury that is harmful to the environment. Spent lamps will be properly disposed of at Nanjing Municipal Luyuan Solid Waste Disposal Center, which is a hazardous waste disposal facility and will start commissioning in early 2007.

128. Another potential impact during the operational stage is the leaking or bursting of sewer pipes. This would cause environmental pollution and a public health hazard. Adequate design of the pipes, choice of proper piping materials, and proper supervision during construction are essential to preventing these potential impacts.

129. Maintenance of the sewer pipes will generate sludge, which will be taken to the Mountain Feng Huang Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility for disposal.

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130. Operation of the expanded sewage pumping station will have a noise impact on nearby residents. It will be designed with adequate acoustic mitigation measures, such as soundproof doors, double-glazed windows, and adequate wall thickness to contain the pump noise. The look will also be designed to fit in with the nearby environment and buildings. It will include proper surrounding landscaping in order to be aesthetically satisfactory for nearby residents.

2. Stormwater Drainage

131. Drainpipes may leak and burst, leading to localized flooding. This will have environmental, public health, and economic impacts. Adequate design of the pipes, choice of proper piping materials, and proper supervision during construction are essential to preventing these potential impacts.

3. River Improvement and Water Replenishment

132. Improved rivers will require maintenance dredging from time to time. However, such activities will be short term, infrequent, and will not cause significant impacts. Dredged materials will be disposed of at the Mountain Feng Huang Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility.

133. Operation of the two water diversion pumping stations will have noise impact on nearby residents. These pumping stations will be designed with adequate acoustic mitigation measures, such as soundproof doors, double-glazed windows, and adequate wall thickness to contain the pump noise. The looks of these pumping stations will also be designed to fit in with the nearby environments and buildings. There will be proper landscaping that should be aesthetically satisfactory to nearby residents.

134. Water transmission pipes may leak and burst, causing localized flooding. Adequate design of the pipes, choice of proper piping materials, and proper supervision during construction are essential for preventing these potential impacts.

4. Sludge Management

135. An 80 t/d sludge treatment facility will be built within the existing Jiang Xin Zhou WWTP to dry the sludge produced by the plant. The dried sludge will be taken to the Mountain Feng Huang Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility for disposal. The main issue during operation of this facility is odor. This issue was also raised by some participants during public consultation. Odor removal equipment will be included in the detailed design of this facility and will be installed. During transportation to Mountain Feng Huang, the dried sludge will be properly contained on the vehicles to avoid causing odor nuisance to other road users.

136. Monitoring data show plant noise from existing operations comply with the standards at the plant boundary. Nevertheless, during detailed design, proper acoustic design will be applied to buildings housing noisy operations to reduce potential noise impact on nearby residents.

137. Mountain Feng Huang Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility has a capacity of 3.3 million m3 and a life span of 10 years. It will take in wastewater sludge from five WWTPs in Nanjing, as well as sludge from pipeline maintenance and dredged materials from river dredging. Odor will not be a problem since there is no resident within 500 m of the site.

138. Proper collection and treatment systems for leachate and landfill gas are crucial to prevent groundwater and air pollution during the operation of this facility.

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139. Based on 1,120 m3/d or 350 t/d capacity of dry sludge with 30% organic content, gas 3 consisting of H2S, ammonia, and methane could be generated at a rate of 988.75 m per hour, thus producing 23,730 m3 of gas per day. A total of 192 collection wells have been designed for collecting the gas generated. The quantity of methane generated would be too small for reuse or to warrant considering a clean development mechanism. The gas will be collected and flared on-site.

140. It was estimated that 92 m3 of leachate could be produced per day of operation. The leachate would have very high concentrations of BOD5 (800 milligrams per liter [mg/l]), CODCr (3,000 mg/l), and NH3-N (600 mg/l). If not collected and treated, seepage into groundwater would cause groundwater contamination. A leachate collection system and leachate treatment plant, with capacity of 1,000 m3/d, that uses anaerobic/aerobic biological treatment will be constructed on-site. During rainy seasons, the leachate will be collected, treated, and discharged. During dry seasons when leachate quantities are small, collected leachate will be reintroduced back into the landfill. To prevent leachate seepage into groundwater, the landfill will be lined from the bottom up with a layer of clay, followed by a layer of geomembrane, then a layer of HDPE geomembrane, and lastly another layer of clay.

141. Approximately 30 vehicles were estimated to be delivering sludge and dredged materials to the site daily. Some may be making more than one trip per day. This could have some impact on local traffic. Proper scheduling to avoid peak traffic hours will be needed.

5. Wetland Park

142. Visitors to the wetland park will generate wastewater and garbage. There will be public toilets on-site to collect the wastewater, which will be conveyed via public sewer to a WWTP. Garbage bins will be provided on-site. Collected garbage will be taken regularly to a sanitary landfill for proper disposal. To prevent impacts to the wetland habitats, a policy of no littering will be strictly enforced on-site.

VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

143. The total project cost is estimated at $211.49 million equivalent, including a foreign exchange cost of $100.00 million (47%) and a local currency cost of $111.49 million equivalent (53%). The estimated ADB loan is $100.00 million to finance the entire foreign exchange cost.

144. The Project will generate a wide range of benefits, but three types of quantifiable economic benefits were specifically identified: (i) reduction in flood damage to households, (ii) reduction in incidence of waterborne diseases and their associated costs, and (iii) increased willingness to pay for better wastewater processing.

145. Economic internal rates of return (EIRR) for different components are shown in Table 7. The weighted average EIRR for the entire Project is estimated at 21.7%. This percentage exceeds the economic opportunity cost of capital, assumed to be no less than 12%.

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Table 7: Economic Internal Rate of Return for Project Components

No. Component EIRR (%) 1 Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Water Replenishing Component 21 2 City East Wastewater Treatment Plant and Sewerage Component 19.5 3 He Xi North District Sewerage, River Improvement and Water Replenishing Component 25.9 4 Stormwater Drainage Component 16 5 Sludge Treatment and Disposal Component 36.7 Source: Project preparatory technical assistance draft final report. 2006.

146. The costs and benefits of environmental impacts and mitigation measures are reflected in the economic analysis. The EMP costs are part of the project costs.

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Environmental Management

147. The EMP is an important tool for the Project to be implemented in an environmentally acceptable manner. Attached as Appendix 2, the EMP describes the procedures and plans to carry out the mitigation measures and monitoring requirements during sequential stages of the Project. It consists of two plans, one for implementation of mitigation measures and the other for carrying out environmental monitoring. It clearly describes who will do what, when, and how.

148. The implementation of environmental mitigation measures has been estimated to cost $0.86 million equivalent, and the environmental monitoring during the construction stage to cost $0.60 million equivalent. Meanwhile, $0.1 million has been suggested to provide for training in the areas of policy dialogue and capacity building for the environmental management of relevant governmental departments, as well as for the executing and implementing agencies. This total is only about 1% of the project cost. These estimates do not include the resettlement costs, however, nor do they take in long-term environmental monitoring during the operational stage, which likely will be undertaken by the IAs’ own environmental staffs.

149. The plan for implementing mitigation measures is organized by project components. Potential environmental impacts during construction and operation of each component are itemized. For each impact, appropriate mitigation measures are described. Since some of these measures, such as pumping station noise and odor removal, may require considerations during the design stage in order for the mitigation measures to be properly constructed, the plan for implementing mitigation measures covers the design, construction, and operational stages. A single responsible party is listed for the implementation of each mitigation measure. This should ensure that there will be no doubts as to accountability. The supervising agency or agencies have also been listed for each mitigation measure.

B. Environmental Monitoring

150. The plan for environmental monitoring has been similarly organized by components. Monitoring requirements have been clearly spelled out, including the parameters to be monitored, the number and locations of monitoring stations, monitoring frequency, and monitoring duration. Again, so that there should be no doubt as to accountability, a single responsible party has been listed to carry out the monitoring for each parameter. The supervising agency or agencies have also been listed for each parameter.

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C. Institutional Enhancement

151. At present, the IA lacks capacity in environmental management and monitoring. For proper implementation of the EMP, it is necessary to build up and strengthen the capacity of the implementation and supervision agencies. The EMP has proposed a proper institutional structure and training requirements. This is also an element in the policy dialogue on the institutional component.

VIII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

A. Public Participation during Project Preparation

152. Two rounds of public consultations were conducted in Nanjing during the EIA process. The first round took place in February and April 2006, shortly after commencement of the EIAs. This round used questionnaires and 590 stakeholders were consulted. The second round consisted of meetings in late May and early June 2006, with 180 stakeholders attending. Stakeholders who attended included representatives from various government departments, nearby residents and their representatives, and nongovernment organizations.

153. Most of the stakeholders supported the Project, since it aims to improve the Qinhuai River environmentally. Several concerns were raised. These were construction dust and noise impacts, as well as odor from the sludge treatment facility in the Jiang Xin Zhou WWTP and from the City East WWTP. Technical remedies to mitigate such impacts were explained, and the concerns were resolved. The stakeholders also suggested the strengthening of construction management to reduce nuisance to residents, use of quiet equipment during construction, adoption of advanced treatment technology for the WWTP expansion, and reporting of environmental monitoring data to the residents on a regular basis. Their concerns and suggestions have been considered in the final EIA and the EMP.

B. Future Plans for Public Participation

154. During the second round of public consultation, some participants raised concerns about impacts during the construction stage, such as noise. It is important to maintain a dialogue with the stakeholders throughout the construction stage. Continued pubic participation is a means to maintain such dialogue so that stakeholders’ concerns can be understood and dealt with in a timely manner. The EMP will propose future plans for public participation.

IX. CONCLUSIONS

A. Project Risks

155. The main project risks include failure of the Executing Agency to implement the required institutional reforms and failure to meet equity requirements to implement the Project. These risks can be mitigated through (i) including contingencies in cost estimates, (ii) appointing project implementation consultants, (iii) using appropriate project implementation monitoring arrangements, (iv) garnering support from the provincial government, (v) providing training in environmental management under the Project, and (vi) project review by ADB.

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156. The following assurances and covenants on the environmental aspects of the Project are required:

(i) NMG will cause the IAs to construct, operate, maintain, and monitor the project facilities in strict conformity with (a) all applicable laws and regulations, including national, provincial, and local regulations and standards on environmental protection, health, labor, and occupational safety; and (b) all environmental mitigation and monitoring measures detailed in the approved EIAs, SEIA, and EMP for this Project. (ii) NMG will ensure that the IAs provide monthly monitoring reports to the project management office, which will prepare and submit to ADB until loan closure semiannual environmental reports in a format acceptable to ADB. (iii) NMG will ensure that the contaminated soil and pit water at Mountain Feng Huang will be further tested, treated if needed, and disposed of properly before construction works start at Mountain Feng Huang.

B. Benefits

157. The Project is part of an overall scheme to improve the environment and socioeconomics of Nanjing for the benefit of its citizens for generations to come. It is consistent with the Nanjing Master Plan 1991–2010; the 11th Five-Year Plan for Nanjing issued in January 2006; the Nanjing Water Pollution Control Construction Planning to meet water quality objectives, stormwater drainage objectives, and the wastewater treatment target of 85%; as well as the Nanjing City Proper Sewerage Pipeline Planning to construct 300 km of sewers within 3 years and aiming ultimately at separation of wastewater and stormwater.

158. One of the goals of these schemes is to reduce by 90% districtwide pollutants discharged into the Qinhuai River system. The benefits of the Project from separating stormwater and sewage, installing new sewage pipeline networks, expanding an existing sewage treatment plant, replenishing polluted rivers, improving drainage capacities of rivers, and preventing secondary pollution from sludge, will contribute significantly towards meeting this target. By meeting this target, water quality in Inner Qinhuai River watercourses will be significantly improved. When diverting through the Qi Qiao Weng pumping station, the EIA estimated reductions in CODCr by 34–42% and in NH3-N by 85–86%. When diverting through the Xiang Fang Cun pumping station, CODCr reductions in the middle and south sections were estimated to be 5.5% and 54%, respectively, and for NH3-N to be 73%. Nanjing’s water quality target for Outer Qinhuai and Inner Qinhuai rivers is to restore them to Class IV by 2010, thus significantly contributing to improving the water quality of the Yangtze River.

159. The benefit of expanding the City East WWTP is reduction of pollutants discharged into the Qinhuai River system. Reductions were estimated to be approximately 5,000 t/a of BOD5, 9,000 t/a of CODCr, 6,800 t/a of SS, 950 t/a of NH3-N, and 110 t/a of TP.

160. Improvements in water quality will bring socioeconomic benefits. These include improvements to Nanjing citizens’ living environment and beautification of the Qinhuai River. These, in turn, will facilitate increased economic activities, tourism, and property development, thus creating employment opportunities for the citizens.

161. The wetland park will bring environmental, ecological, and socioeconomic benefits. People living on this site under poor conditions will be relocated to areas with better living and public health conditions. By restoring some of the site’s previous wetland functions, benefits will

27 include water quality polishing, flood storage, and wildlife habitats. The social benefit of the wetland park will include provision of a park for outdoor recreation and conservation education.

C. Potential Adverse Impacts and Associated Mitigation Measures

162. A negative and unavoidable impact will be the need to resettle 445 people. Most of them are living on land that had been used for illegal dumping of municipal solid waste and construction waste. The Project provides the opportunity to resettle these people, thereby improving their living conditions, cleaning up the land, and returning it to a wetland state as existed some 30 years ago. Their resettlement will be carried out in accordance with PRC and ADB requirements.

163. During construction, dust from construction sites, odor from river improvement dredging, noise from powered mechanical equipment, wastewater, solid wastes, and construction traffic are the major adverse impacts. Good housekeeping and effective mitigation measures have been recommended. With implementation of these recommendations, these impacts would mostly be insignificant.

164. During operation, odor from the City East WWTP and the sludge treatment facility within Jiang Xin Zhou WWTP could have adverse impact on nearby sensitive receivers. Odor removal equipment will be designed and installed at these facilities to mitigate against this impact. At the Mountain Feng Huang Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility, leachate and landfill gas could adversely impact groundwater quality and air quality. The design and installation of proper liners and flaring of landfill gas generated will provide adequate mitigation. By expanding the City East WWTP, the quantity of treated effluent discharged from the plant’s outfall will be increased. This will raise the pollutant levels in the vicinity of the outfall. Nevertheless, the benefits of pollutant reduction in the overall catchment provided by this additional treatment capacity outweigh the localized and slight increase in pollution levels.

D. Use of Irreplaceable Resources

165. The Project will result in the permanent loss of approximately 772 ha of land and associated habitats. The majority of this land is either derelict, with a history of illegal dumping of wastes and which will be turned into a wetland park with environmental, ecological, and social benefits, or is a disused iron mine that will be transformed into a municipal sludge disposal facility that will reduce secondary pollution. No rare, threatened, or protected species have been recorded at the Project sites.

E. Follow-up Monitoring and Environmental Management Requirements

166. Preliminary EMPs have been developed for the design, construction, and operational phases of the Project. These plans include institutional arrangements and enhancements for implementing the mitigation measures and undertaking the monitoring requirements. They will be further developed as the Project progresses in order to provide more details so that all mitigation requirements are met.

Appendix 1 29

REFERENCES

A. Documents and Reports 1. ADB. 2002. Environmental Policy. Manila. 2. ADB. 2003. Environmental Assessment Guidelines. Manila. 3. ADB. 2003. Operations Manual, Section 20: “Environmental Considerations in ADB Operations.” Manila. 4. Environmental impact assessment reports for each subproject. 5. Nanjing Central City Sewage Main & Sub Pipeline Plan (2005) 6. Flood Prevention Plan of Qinhuai River Catchment (2004) 7. Nanjing City Master Plan (1991–2010) 8. Nanjing City and Town along Yangtze River Wastewater Treatment Plan (2004) 9. Short-Term Construction Plan of Nanjing Central City Water Environment Improvement (2005) 10. Nanjing Municipal Sludge Disposal Professional Plan (2003) 11. Nanjing Inland River Water Transfer Scenario and Dispatch Model Study (2005) 12. Drainage Plan of Bai Xia District City East New Area (2004) 13. Nanjing Central City Water Environmental Improvement and Protection Plan (1999) 14. Current Situation and Future Trend of Municipal Sludge Disposal-Envisagement of Nanjing Municipal Sludge Disposal (2005) 15. Nanjing Government Reply on Short-Term Construction of Nanjing Central City Water Environmental Improvement (2005) 16 Feasibility study reports for each component, 2006

B. Laws and Regulations 1. Environmental Protection Law of the PRC (26 December 1989) 2. Water Law of the PRC (1 October 2002) 3. Culture Heritage Protection Law of the PRC (28 October 2002) 4. Water Pollution Prevention Law of the PRC (15 May 1996) 5. Air Pollution Prevention Law of the PRC (1 September 2000) 6. Noise Pollution Control Law of the PRC (1 March 1999) 7. Solid Waste Pollution Control Law of the PRC (1 April 2005) 8 Culture Heritage Protection Regulation of the PRC (1 July 2003) 9. Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the PRC (1 September 2003) 10. Water and Soil Conservation Law of the PRC (29 June 1991) 11. Environmental Protection Management Directories for Construction Projects (No. 9), issued by State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) (1 January 2003) 12. Environmental Protection Management Regulations for Construction Projects, issued by the State Council of the PRC (28 November 1998) 13. Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Pollution Control Technical Policy, jointly issued by Construction Ministry, SEPA, the Ministry of Science and Technology (29 May 2000) 14. Technical Guideline of Sanitary Landfill of Municipal Waste (19 February 2004) 15. Flood Control Law of the PRC (1 January 1998) 16. Notice to Circulate the Guideline of National Biological Protection (26 November 2000) 17. Notice to Strengthen the Environmental Impact Assessment and Management of Construction Projects Financed by Loan from International Financial Organizations, jointly issued by SEPA, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the People’s Bank of China (21 June 1993) 18. Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Regulation (31 July 1997) 30 Appendix 1

19. Jiangsu Surface Water Function Zoning (March, 2003) 20. Tentative Provision of Pollution Discharge Gross Control of Jiangsu Provincial Jiangsu Government (1993) C. Standards 1 Surface Water Quality Standard of the PRC (GB3838-2002) 2. Ambient Air Quality Standard of the PRC (GB3095-1996) 3. Groundwater Quality Standard of the PRC (GB/T14848-93) 4. Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Areas (GB3096-93) 5. Soil Quality Standard of the PRC (GB15618-1995) 6. Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTPs (GB18918-2002) 7. Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants of the PRC (GB14554-93) 8. Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guideline (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997), issued by SEPA 9. Industry Design Sanitation Standard (TJ36-79). 10. Integrated Emission Standard for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996) 11. Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996) 12. Municipal Sewer Discharge Standard (CJ3082-1999) 13. Noise Limit of Construction Site Boundary (GB12523-90) 14. Pollution Control Standard for Municipal Landfill (GB16889-1997) 15. Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use of the PRC (GB4284-84) 16. Construction Standard for Municipal Sanitary Landfill Engineering Project (101[2001]) Ministry of Construction

Appendix 2 31

SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

NANJING QINHUAI RIVER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

IN THE

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

July 2006 32 Appendix 2

CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION 33

II. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS 33

III. MITIGATION MEASURES 33

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING A. Monitoring Program 42 B. Monitoring Management 42

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION A. Public Consultation during Project Preparation 48 B. Future Public Consultation Plan 48

VI. RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITIES A. Environmental Responsibilities and Institutional Requirements 50 B. Institutional Strengthening and Training 51

VII. REPORTING AND SUPERVISION 54

VIII. WORK PLAN 55

IX. PROCUREMENT PLAN AND COST ESTIMATES 55

X. MECHANISMS FOR FEEDBACK AND ADJUSTMENT 56

Appendix 2 33

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The environmental management plan (EMP) covers the design, construction, commissioning, and operation phases of the Project so that environmental impacts are monitored and environmental mitigation measures are implemented. Maps of the five components are as follow: Figures A2.1.1–A2.1.2 for Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Water Replenishing Component; Figures A2.2.1 to A2.2.2 for City East Wastewater Treatment and Sewerage Component; Figures A2.3.1 to A2.3.3 for Hexi North District Sewerage, River Improvement, and Water Replenishing Component, Figure A2.4 for Stormwater Drainage Component, and Figures A2.5.1 to A2.5.2 for Sludge Treatment and Disposal Component.

2. Environmental monitoring programs will be carried out and the results will be used to evaluate (i) the extent and severity of actual environmental impacts against the predicted impacts, (ii) the performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with related rules and regulations, (iii) trends of impacts, and (iv) overall effectiveness of the Project’s EMP.

3. Environmental protection measures will (i) mitigate environmental impacts, (ii) achieve compliance with national environmental regulations, (iii) provide compensation for lost environmental resources, and (iv) enhance environmental resources.

II. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS

4. Potential impacts of the Project during the construction and operation phases, as identified by the environmental impact assessment (EIA), as well as corresponding mitigation measures designed to minimize the impacts, are summarized in Table A2.1.

III. MITIGATION MEASURES

5. The mitigation measures will be (i) designed by the design institutes (where appropriate); (ii) incorporated into tender documents (where appropriate), construction contracts, and operational management plans; and (iii) implemented by contractors, implementing agencies (IAs), and implementing units (IUs) under supervision of the project management office (PMO). The effectiveness of these measures will be evaluated based on results of the environmental monitoring to determine whether to continue or make improvements. Improvement measures need to be confirmed through stipulated environmental management procedures.

6. Resettlement plans were prepared with the goal of properly resettling the affected persons and avoiding deterioration in their quality of life. Details of required actions are given in the project resettlement plans.

Table A2.1: Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures 34

Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Implementing Estimated Cost a Supervising Agency 2 Appendix Agency (CNY10,000) A. Design Stage Air Odor from WWTPs • Odor removal design for sewage intake design institute NWC Included in detailed design pump house, sludge thickening, and contract. sludge dewatering • Odor removal design for the Jiang Xin Zhou WWTP sludge treatment facility • Tree planting design: specific plant species with strong absorbency capacity planted near the source of odor, such as lacquer tree, camphor tree, Chinese holly and Gingko tree, etc; green coverage over 40%, 15 m buffer zone; proper green design within plant boundary, including small trees and shrubs Noise Noise from WWTP • Select low noise equipment and design design institute NWC/ NMECD Included in detailed design soundproof facility for main noise contract. source. Design absorptive noise barrier for indoor source, vibration mitigation and noise barrier for outdoor source.

• Reasonable plant layout, place high NWC noise equipment far away from the residential location. Noise of pumping • Select low noise equipment. design institute NMECD Included in detailed design station • Acoustic design of the pumping station contract. to have sufficient noise insulation • Aesthetic design of the pumping station to visually fit in with the surrounding environment

Surface water Noncompliance of • Design dual power source supply design institute NWC Included in detailed design WWTP effluent system to greatly reduce the impact of contract. discharge power outage. • Buffering capacity for main structures; proper equipment, such as reflux pump, reflux pipe, bypass pipeline, valve

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Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Implementing Estimated Cost a Supervising Agency Agency (CNY10,000) • Design bypass if the inflow exceeds designed capacity during heavy rain.

Groundwater Leachate from • Design seepage prevention measures, design institute NMECD Included in detailed design municipal sludge including multilayered liner system and contract. disposal facility leachate collection and treatment systems.

Landfill gas from • Design landfill gas collection system design institute NMECD Included in detailed design municipal sludge and flaring system. contract. disposal facility

Soil Contaminated soil • Carry out phase 2 environmental site design institute NMECD Included in detailed design at the municipal assessment to identify spatial extent contract. (Indicative cost for sludge disposal and quantify volume of contaminated Government soil remediation with metals facility soil. commitment to contamination using remediate the site stabilization technique is • Design contaminated soil remediation 3 engineering. CNY500/m )

B. Construction Stage Water Wastewater from • Strengthen the management. Discharge Contractor NWC/NMECD/ NQRCC 25 workers domestic wastewater to nearby sewer network or have it treated by on-site package plant. Wastewater • Build storage tank, drainage ditch, Contractor NWC/NMECD/NDMD/NQRCC 28 generated from temporary sedimentation tank to treat machinery wastewater from excavation, equipment cooling, or washing before discharging to sewer network.

• Install oil-water separator or oil collector on construction boats.

• Regularly maintain construction 2 Appendix equipment to avoid accidents during construction activities.

Dredging sludge • Appoint environmental supervision staff Contractor NMECD 5 transportation to ensure no spill or dumping during the 35 transportation route.

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Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Implementing Estimated Cost a Supervising Agency Agency (CNY10,000) Pit water at • Carry out chemical testing of pit water Contractor NMECD 1 Mountain before pumping out the pit water. No 2 Appendix Feng Huang discharge of pit water until data shows municipal sludge compliance with discharge standards. disposal facility Air Dust during • Adopt advanced construction technique Contractor NCIC/NMECD/ NDMD 40 construction and select appropriate machinery and activities transportation vehicles in compliance with state emission standard.

• Organize material storage; separate stone and sand materials; store concrete in separate storage place and minimize transportation required; clean up construction and demolition wastes in timely manner.

• Spray water on excavated construction sites.

• Avoid truck overload; cover material during transport; clean up dust and spray water on haul road.

• Set up hoarding around construction site.

• Stop construction during strong winds and cover the stockpile. • Limit vehicle speed on unpaved haul roads to < 8 km/h.

Odor Odor from • Transport sludge in a timely manner and Contractor NWC/NMECD/NDMD/NQRCC 2 dredging sludge closed container.

Noise Noise generated • Strengthen construction arrangement Contractor NWC/NMECD/NDMD/NQRCC 13 by vehicles and and avoid construction during nighttime. construction machinery • Substitute pneumatic tools with hydraulic tools. • Use low-noise machinery.

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Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Implementing Estimated Cost a Supervising Agency Agency (CNY10,000) • Install noise barrier around sites having high-noise machinery. • Avoid concrete mixing by machine on-site. • Control traffic on the site and limit blowing of horns.

Solid waste Refuse generated • Collect and cleanup waste in a timely Contractor NWC/NMECD/NDMD/NQRCC 53 on construction manner and dispose of these in landfill. site • Sort construction wastes; recycle and reuse, if possible. • Dispose of spoil to the designated site.

Old landfill • No open flame on-site during removal of Contractor NWC/NMECD/NDMD/NQRCC 45 materials from the these materials wetland park site • Daily on-site measurements of methane gas concentrations • Take all old landfill materials to Mountain Jiaozi Sanitary Landfill for disposal.

Social Traffic congestion • Divert or schedule construction traffic to Contractor NMECD/NDMD/NQRCC 5 avoid peak hours. • Build temporary road. • Phased construction in busy traffic roads and reduce construction period. • Select transport routes to reduce

disturbance to regular traffic. 2 Appendix Ecology Affected • Relocate trees affected by construction; Contractor NMECD/ NQRCC 40 vegetation avoid tree cutting and restore vegetation upon completion of construction. 7 37 Soil erosion • Set up cofferdam around sludge Contractor NMECD/NQRCC 30 temporary storage site. Transport sludge in timely manner. Restore site and vegetation after use for storage.

38

Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Implementing Estimated Cost a Supervising Agency Agency (CNY10,000) • Set up hoarding around construction NMECD 80 site. Build temporary drainage ditch and 2 Appendix hoarding for temporary living quarters Install hoarding and drainage for temporary roads. Regularly water on haul road. Cover soil and stone materials on truck during transport. • Cover the site with soil more than 5 cm NMECD deep after completion of spoil storage. Build drainage ditch and slope protection during site formation.

Workplace Health of workers • Maintain efficient sanitation in Contractor NMECD 20 health and construction areas. safety

Culture Culture heritage • No storage of flammable material or Contractor NMECD/NQRCC 5 heritage affected by other construction activities, such as soil construction excavating, quarrying, etc. is allowed activities within 15 m from the heritage site; 50 m is the controlled zone along the two sides of bridge or wall foundations, where no construction is permitted. • Solicit heritage authority for the protection measures. Designate personnel for protection. • Should culture heritage be discovered during construction, stop construction, protect the site, and report to the authority.

Soil Contaminated soil • Clean up soil in accordance with Contractor NMECD (Indicative cost for soil remediation at Mountain Feng remediation design by design institute. remediation with metals Huang Government contamination using commitment to stabilization technique is remediate the site CNY500/m3).

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Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Implementing Estimated Cost a Supervising Agency Agency (CNY10,000) C. Operational Phase Odor Odor from WWTP • Clean up and dispose of sludge in NWC NEPB 10 timely manner. • Carry out regular odor monitoring. Odor from • Cover in a timely manner after sludge NMFMD NEPB 160 municipal sludge landfill to minimize exposure. disposal facility • Plant greening buffer around the landfill; install hoarding 8-10 m high surrounding operation area. Transport sludge in closed container.

Odor from • Cover the inflow chamber. NMFMD NEPB 36 wastewater pumping station • No new house to be built within 100 m sanitary buffer from pumping station. Conduct landscaping. • Strengthen the management and forestation. • Carry out regular odor monitoring.

Noise Noise from • Coverage rate in pumping stations to NWC/NMFMD NEPB 25 pumping station meet environmental requirement. • Regularly maintain machinery and keep equipment in good condition. • Regularly monitor noise. • Set up mechanism for compliance.

Water Water replenishing • Strengthen water hydrological and water NMFMD NEPB 3 related quality management and supervision; 2 Appendix watercourses adjust operation as needed. Effluent from • Regular maintenance to ensure normal NWC/NMFMD NEPB 10 WWTP operation of all equipment. 9 39 • Regularly monitor effluent. • Regular monitor surface water quality.

40

Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Implementing Estimated Cost a Supervising Agency Agency (CNY10,000) Leachate from • Regularly maintain operating procedure. NMFMD NEPB 10 landfill site Keep spare parts on hand and ensure 2 Appendix the leachate is collected. • Regularly monitor groundwater quality.

Accidental • Through training, improve skills of NWC NEPB 20 discharge from workers on handling emergencies. WWTP • Strengthen operation management. Install automatic flow and water quality monitoring system. Conduct ultraviolet light disinfection before discharge. • Take measures to prevent accidents. Immediate measures will be taken if any potential incident is found during regular inspection and maintenance. • Measures to be taken if illegal discharge is found.

Noncompliance • Keep equipment in landfill site in good NMFMD NEPB 10 effluent from condition. leachate treatment

plant and seepage • Provide risk management education to into groundwater landfill workers. caused by lining • Provide operation training to workers to damage avoid any incident caused by error. • Stipulate operation guideline, and apply responsibility system. • Prepare emergency plan, including response, rescue, and report procedure. Necessary equipment and material will be provided. Water quality in surrounding area will be monitored if an accident occurs. To assist in future decision making, assessment will be conducted for any accident.

41

Subject Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Implementing Estimated Cost a Supervising Agency Agency (CNY10,000) Abnormal • Properly maintain odor removal NWC NEPB 10 functioning of odor equipment. Install standby equipment removal for emergency use equipment Total 686 cm = centimeter, km/h = kilometer per hour, m = meter, m3 = cubic meter, NCIC = Nanjing Urban Construction and Investment Company, NDMD = Nanjing Drainage Management Department, NEPB = Nanjing Environmental Protection Bureau, NMECD = Nanjing Municipal Engineering Construction Department, NMFMD = Nanjing Municipal Facilities Management Department, NQRCC = Nanjing Qinhuai River Construction Company, NWC = Nanjing Water Company, WWTP = wastewater treatment plant. a, Indicative cost and will be finalized at late stage. Sources: Subproject environmental impact assessments, project preparatory technical assistance. Appendix 2 Appendix 1 41

42 Appendix 2

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

A. Monitoring Program

7. The project monitoring program will focus on the environment within the project area. A detailed environmental monitoring program is presented in Table A2.2. This program considers the scope of monitoring, monitoring parameters and frequency, data processing, and quality control requirements. A brief cost estimation of this monitoring program is included in the same table. Detailed cost breakdown will be conducted during preparation of a detailed environmental monitoring program at the outset of project implementation. For compliance monitoring, the monitoring will follow the methodology provided in the national standard methods for monitoring pollutants. Other associated standards are national environmental quality standards and pollutant discharge and/or emission standards. The municipal monitoring station will be responsible for implementing this program of compliance monitoring.

8. At the outset of project implementation, the PMO, IAs, IUs, or operation and maintenance (O&M) companies, along with the environmental management consultants (EMCs) and construction supervision companies (CSCs), will prepare more detailed internal environmental monitoring programs to be implemented, if necessary, during the construction and operation phases through the EMP mechanism of feedback and adjustments. These will be carried out more frequently than the compliance monitoring programs. These monitoring programs and budgets will be included in the Project’s tendering documents and budgets, as well as the construction and operation contracts. At the outset of project implementation, the PMO, IAs/IUs, and EMCs will develop (i) comprehensive project design and monitoring framework (PDMF) procedures to systematically generate data on inputs and outputs of the project components, and (ii) detailed environmental and related socioeconomic indicators to measure project impacts.

9. The PDMF indicators for the Project include (i) service levels, (ii) treated wastewater quality and other measures of operational performance, (iii) percentages of wastewater and sludge and/or river sediment collected and treated or disposed of, (iv) user satisfaction with the Qinhuai River water quality improvement, (v) wetland performance, and (vi) such relevant economic and social data as that relating to income and health or to monitoring project impacts. Under the PDMF, baseline and progress data will be reported at the requisite time intervals by the implementing agencies/units. The IAs/IUs will be responsible for analyzing and consolidating the data through their management information systems. The PDMF will be designed to permit adequate flexibility to adapt remedial action regarding project design, schedules, activities, and development impacts. The PMO and IAs/IUs will refine the PDMF, confirm achievable goals, firm up monitoring and recording arrangements, and establish systems and procedures no later than 6 months after loan effectiveness.

B. Monitoring Management

10. During the construction and operation phases, each IA/IU or O&M company will make appropriate arrangements for internal monitoring according to the progress of project implementation. A local monitoring station with qualified staff and adequate monitoring equipment and technical capability will be appointed by an IA/IU or O&M company to carry out monitoring in the specific project area with the frequency, time, parameters, and location specified in the monitoring program (Table A2.2) Monitoring reports will be made available to the Nanjing Environmental Protection Bureau (NEPB), as required. When complaints are received from the public, NEPB’s monitoring staff will immediately conduct additional inspections.

Table A2.2: Environmental Monitoring Program

Implementing Supervising Subject Parameter Location Time Frequency Estimated Agency Agency cost (CNY10,000) Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Water Replenishing—Construction Phase

Air SO2, NO2, PM10 4 locations near construction 2 consecutive Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 15.0 site, including a residence, days hospital, and school

Noise Leq 6 locations near construction Once during Once weekly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 4.5 site, including residence, daytime, once at school, and pumping station nighttime boundary

Surface IMn, NH3-N, oil, SS 6 monitoring sections on Inner 1 day Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 4.5 water Qinhuai River

Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Water Replenishing—Operation Phase

Noise Leq Qi Qiao Weng Pumping Station 1 day Once monthly for 1 year. NMFMD NEPB 1.5 Stop monitoring upon complying with standards.

Surface pH, CODCr, BOD5, DO, 6 monitoring sections on Inner 1 day Twice a year: once in dry NMFMD NEPB 5.5 water NH3-N, IMn, SS, oil Qinhuai River season, once in normal season City East Waster Treatment Plant and Sewerage—Construction Phase Air TSP 4 locations along river courses, 2 consecutive Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 16.0 including residence and school days Noise Leq 4 locations along river courses, Once in daytime, Once weekly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 2.0

including residence and school once at night A pp Surface CODCr, SS, NH3-N, oil 4 sections on Upper Qinhuai 1 day Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 14.0 water River and 1 section on South 2 endix River River pH, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, River sediment storage site 1 day Once Contractor NEPB/LEMS 2.4 sediment Hg, Cr, As, Ni 43

44

Subject Parameter Location Time Frequency Implementing Supervising Estimated Cost

Agency Agency (CNY10,000) Appendix 2 Effluent from river pH, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, River sediment 1 day Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 5.6 sediment storage Hg, Cr, As, Ni storage site site

City East Waster Treatment Plant and Sewerage—Operation Phase

Air NH3, H2S, odor WWTP boundary 2 consecutive Once monthly, Nanjing Water NEPB 15.0 days twice monthly Company in summer (NWC) Noise Leq WWTP boundary Once during Once monthly NWC NEPB 3.0 daytime, once at night Water quality CODCr, BOD5, SS, Inflow and effluent 1 day Once daily NWC NEPB 30.0 3- NH3-N, PO3 , oil, fecal coliform CODCr, BOD5, SS, Downstream of WWTP 1 day 4 times a year NWC NEPB 3.0 3- NH3-N, PO3 , oil, outfall fecal coliform pH, CODCr, BOD5, One section on 1 day Once monthly NMFMD NEPB 12.0 DO, NH3-N, IMn, SS, Qinhuai River. One oil, TP section on Yunliang River Water Level Husong Datum Yunliang River 1 day Once monthly NMFMD NEPB 3.0 Sludge water content, Zn, City East WWTP 1 day 2 times a year NWC NEPB 5.0 Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg Hexi North District Sewerage, River Improvement and Water Replenishing—Construction Phase

Air PM10, H2S, NH3, odor 1 location in residential 2 consecutive Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS area days

SO2, NO2, and PM10 4 locations close to 2 consecutive Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 41.0 dredging site, days including residence and school Noise Leq 8 locations, including a Once during Once weekly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 6.0 residence, school, and daytime, once pumping station at night boundary Surface water CODCr, SS, oil 5 monitoring sections 1 day Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 5.0 on rivers

45

Subject Parameter Location Time Frequency Implementing Supervising Estimated Cost Agency Agency (CNY10,000)

Hexi North District Sewerage, River Improvement and Water Replenishing—Operation Phase Air odor 1 location on the east 1 day 4 times a year NMFMD NEPB 2.5 of South Lake Sewage for one year. Pumping Station Stop monitoring upon complying with standards. Noise Leq 2 locations to the west One during Once monthly NMFMD NEPB 3.0 and east of South daytime, once for one year. River pumping station at night Stop monitoring upon complying with standards. Surface water pH, CODCr, BOD5, 5 monitoring sections 1 day Twice a year: NMFMD NEPB 4.0 DO, NH3-N, IMn, SS, on rivers once in dry Oil season, once in normal season. Stop monitoring upon complying with standards. Stormwater Drainage-Construction Phase Air TSP, PM10 9 monitoring locations, 5 consecutive Once during Contractor NEPB/LEMS 1.3 including hospital, days construction school and University Noise Leq 9 monitoring locations, Once at day Once during Contractor NEPB/LEMS 0.7 including hospital, time, 2 construction school and university consecutive Appendix 2 days Soil pH,Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Each construction-site 1 day Once during Contractor NEPB/LEMS 68.0 Hg, Cr, As, Ni construction Sludge Treatment and Disposal—Construction Phase

Air TSP, PM10 One point at southeast 2 days Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 5.3 45 (Xiquan Village) of municipal sludge

landfill site, one point

46 Subject Parameter Location Time Frequency Implementing Supervising Estimated Cost Agency Agency (CNY10,000)

at Jiang Appendix 2 WWTP Noise Leq One point at southeast 1 day Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 2.6 (Xiquan Village) of municipal sludge

landfill site, one point at Jiang Xinzhou WWTP Surface water pH, DO, IMn, CODCr, 1,000 m downstream 1 day Once monthly Contractor NEPB/LEMS 7.1 BOD5, NH3-N, SS, from outfall of leachate TP, TN, Ni, As, Pb, treatment facility of Hg, phenol, oil, fecal municipal sludge coliform landfill Sludge Treatment and Disposal—Operation Phase

Air odor, H2S, NH3 One point at southeast 2 consecutive 4 times a year NMFMD/Nanjing NEPB 30.0 (Xi quan Village ) of days Drainage municipal sludge Management landfill site, one point Department at Jiang Xinzhou (NDMD) WWTP CH4, CO2, H2S, NH3 Gas outlet in landfill Monitor as NMFMD NEPB 6.0 needed Noise Leq One point at southeast Once during 4 times a year NMFMD/NDMD NEPB 4.9 (Xiquan Village) of daytime, once municipal sludge at night landfill site, one point at Jiang Xinzhou WWTP Surface water pH, CODCr BOD5, 1,000 m downstream 2 days 4 times year NMFMD NEPB 30.0 DO, NH3-N, IMn, SS, from outfall of leachate TP, TN, Ni, As, Pb, treatment facility of Hg, phenol, oil, fecal municipal sludge coliform landfill Groundwater pH, IMn, As, Pb, Hg, Borehole in 2 days 4 times year NMFMD NEPB 30.0 Cr, E. Coli, Cl-, Fenghuang Machinery 3- 2- NH3-N, NO3 , NO2 , Factory fecal coliform Sludge pH, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Municipal sludge 1 day 5 times a year NMFMD NEPB 60.0 Hg, Cr, As, Ni landfill site Treated effluent IMn, pH, DO, CODCr, Effluent at outfall of 1 day Once monthly NMFMD NEPB 30.0 from WWTP BOD5, NH3-N, SS, leachate treatment

47

Subject Parameter Location Time Frequency Implementing Supervising Estimated Cost Agency Agency (CNY10,000) TP, TN Ni, As, Pb, facility of municipal Hg, phenol, oil, fecal sludge landfill coliform Total 483.5

- As = arsenic, BOD5 = 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, Cd = cadmium, CH4=methane, Cl = chloride, CO2 = carbon dioxide, CODCr = chemical oxygen demand, Cr = chromium, Cu = copper, DO = dissolved oxygen, H2S = hydrogen sulfide, Hg = mercury, IMn = Index of KMnO4, LEMS = local monitoring station, NDMD = Nanjing Drainage Management Department, NEPB = Nanjing Environmental Protection Bureau, NH3 = ammonia, NH3-N = ammonia nitrogen, Ni = nickel, NMFMD 2- 3- = Nanjing Municipal Facilities Management Department, NO2 = nitrogen dioxide, NO2 = nitrite, NO3 = nitrate, NWC = Nanjing Water Company, P = phosphorus, 3- Pb = lead, pH = measure of acidity and alkalinity, PM10 = particular matter smaller than 10 micrometers, PO3 = phosphate, SO2 = sulfur dioxide, SS = suspended solids, TN = total nitrogen, TP = total phosphorus, TSP = total suspended particles, WWTP = wastewater treatment plant, Zn = zinc. Notes: (i) Detailed internal monitoring program during the construction and operation phases will be prepared at the beginning of project implementation by project management office, implementing agencies/units, and environmental management consultants. ii) In addition to regular compliance monitoring, other unannounced monitoring will be carried out to determine compliance. (iii) Costs shown are indicative cost and be finalized at late stage. Sources: Subproject environmental impact assessments, project preparatory technical assistance, and NEPB.

Appendix 2 47

48 Appendix 2

V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION

A. Public Consultation during Project Preparation

11. Two rounds of public consultation were conducted. For details, please refer to paragraph 152–153 of the summary environmental impact assessment.

B. Future Public Consultation Plan

12. Plans for public involvement during the design, construction, and operation phases were developed during project preparation. These plans include public participation in (i) monitoring impacts and mitigation measures during the construction and operation stages, (ii) evaluating environmental and economic benefits as well as social impacts, and (iii) interviewing the public after the Project is completed. These plans will include several types of public involvement, including site visits, workshops, investigation of specific issues, interviews, and public hearings, as indicated in Table A2.3.

13. The public participation plans are part of the project implementation and management plan. IAs/IUs are responsible for organizing public participation during project implementation. The contractors will be asked to communicate and consult with the communities near the construction site. An eye-catching public notice board will be erected at each construction site to notify the public of the main construction activities and the construction duration. The board will also provide contact names and telephone numbers to enable the public to express their concerns and complaints about construction activities. Costs for public participation activities during project implementation are included in the Project’s funding. Costs are estimated at (i) CNY20,000 for each expert workshop, (ii) CNY8,000 for each public investigation on a particular issue, (iii) CNY5,000 for each public workshop, and (iv) CNY5,000 for each press conference.

Appendix 2 49

Table A2.3: Public Consultation Plan

Organizer Approach Times Subject Attendees A. Project Preparation PMO, EIA Public meeting Once Environmental quality status; Residents, enterprises, preparation project information; major NGOs and other institute, PPTA Questionnaire Once impacts and benefits; stakeholders within consultants mitigation measures; public construction and service attitudes, comments, and area; specialists from PMO, Hohai Social survey Once recommendations various sectors University, PPTA consultants PMO, Hohai Survey on As required Comments on resettlement, Persons affected by University, PPTA resettlement by relevant improvement of living resettlement and consultants resettlement conditions, livelihoods, and relocation plan poverty reduction; comments and suggestions B. Construction Phase IAs/IUs, PMO Public At least Adjusting of mitigation Residents adjacent to consultation once measures, if necessary; components, and site visits construction impact; representatives of social comments and suggestions sectors IAs/IUs, PMO Expert As needed, Comments and suggestions Experts of various workshop or based on on mitigation measures, sectors, media press public public opinions conference consultation IAs/IUs, PMO Survey on As required Comments on resettlement, Persons affected by resettlement by relevant improvement of living resettlement and resettlement conditions, livelihoods, and relocation plan poverty reduction; comments and suggestions C. Operation Phase IAs/IUs, O&M Public Once in the Effects of mitigation Residents adjacent to companies, PMO consultation first 2 years measures, impacts of Qinhuai River and other and site visits operation, comments and component sites, suggestions representatives of residents and representatives of social sectors IAs/IUs, O&M Expert As needed, Comments and suggestions Experts of various companies, PMO workshop or based on on operational impacts, sectors, media press public public opinions conference consultation

EIA = environmental impact assessment, IA = implementing agency, IU = implementing unit, NGO = nongovernment organization, O&M = operation and maintenance, PMO = project management office, PPTA = project preparatory technical assistance. Sources: environmental impact assessments, project preparatory technical assistance.

50 Appendix 2

VI. RESPONSIBILITIES AND AUTHORITIES

A. Environmental Responsibilities and Institutional Requirements

14. The EMP provides details on the effective implementation of mitigation measures.

15. During project preparation and implementation, various organizations with different environmental management responsibilities—Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (JEPB), the PMO, NEPB, IAs/IUs, EIA preparation institute, EMCs, CSCs, design institutes, and contractors—have been involved and will continue to be involved in the EMP. The PMO, contractors, and IAs/IUs will each nominate full-time trained and qualified environmental specialists to undertake environmental management activities for effective implementation of the EMP. Table A2.4 shows the environmental responsibilities in the different phases of the Project.

Table A2.4: Environmental Responsibilities

Phase Responsible Agencies Environmental Responsibilities

Preparation EIA preparation institute Preparation of EIAs for components. PMO, JEPB Review and approval of the EIAs PMO, NEPB, ADB Review and approval of the SEIA, including the EMP Design design institutes Incorporation of mitigation measures into engineering designs and contracts PMO, IAs/IUs Review and approval of environmental measures

Tendering Contractors, PMO, IAs Incorporation of EMP clauses into the bids

Construction EMCs, PMO, IAs Advise on implementation of mitigation measures Contractors, CSC Implementation of mitigation measures and internal monitoring NEPB, IAs/IUs Implementation of compliance monitoring NEPB, IAs/IUs, EMCs Supervise implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring

Operation EMCs, NEPB Advise on compliance monitoring and internal monitoring requirements IAs/IUs, O&M Companies Implementation of mitigation measures and internal monitoring NEPB, IAs/IUs, O&M Implementation of compliance monitoring companies IAs/IUs, O&M companies, Supervise implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring NEPB, EMCs

ADB = Asian Development Bank, CSC = construction supervision company, EIA = environmental impact assessment, EMC = environmental management consultant, EMP = environmental management plan, JEPB = Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau, IA = implementing agency, IU = implementing unit, O&M = operation and maintenance, PMO = project management office, SEIA = summary environmental impact assessment, NEPB = Nanjing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. Note: EMCs appointed for project implementation will advise the PMO and IAs on carrying out their environmental responsibilities. Budgeted inputs for EMCs: 9 person-months. Sources: JEPB, PPTA, NEPB.

16. The IAs/IUs will be responsible for environmental management and implementation of mitigation measures. Of particular importance is the sustainability of the wetland park to be supported by wetland management training. They will see to it that the EMP is carried out and

Appendix 2 51 will engage design institutes and professional consultants to help with environmental management at the preparation, design, construction, and operation phases. The IAs/IUs will be responsible for arranging environmental monitoring reviews and responding to any adverse impacts beyond those foreseen in the EIAs. The IAs/IUs will also attend to requests for mitigating measures from the environmental protection bureaus and Asian Development Bank (ADB).

17. Construction contractors will be responsible for implementation of mitigation measures during construction, while IAs/IUs will be responsible for implementation of such measures during operation.

18. In accordance with the EMP, the IAs/IUs will establish an environmental management office that will generally require two employees. During the Project, this office will be responsible for (i) implementing the EMP and developing additional implementation details; (ii) supervising implementation of mitigation measures during construction; (iii) implementing training programs, (iv) incorporating environmental management, monitoring, and mitigation measures into construction and operation of management plans; (v) developing and implementing internal routine environmental monitoring; and (vi) reporting on the performance of the EMP to the responsible agencies. This office will be supported and supervised by NEPB and the EMCs.

19. Local government will provide the IAs/IUs with financial and managerial autonomy to operate the project facilities. The IAs/IUs have relatively limited environmental management capacities, which will, however, be strengthened by environmental management training provided by the Project, as summarized in Table A2.5. They will incorporate environmental management activities into construction and operation management plans. Local governments will annually review local regulations for managing sewerage, drainage, river management, sludge and wetland to ensure that responsibilities of the agencies involved are clearly defined, that appropriate penalties for noncompliance are established, and that the effectiveness of regulations is reviewed annually and, if necessary, modified in accordance with applicable legal procedures.

20. EMCs will advise the PMO, the IAs/IUs, and contractors on all aspects of environmental management and monitoring for the Project’s components. The EMCs will (i) review project environmental practices and procedures; (ii) provide guidance in setting environmental standards and assisting with implementation procedures; (iii) review the start-up of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and sludge treatment and disposal facilities; (iv) advise on management of the wetland park; (v) review the water quality of rivers receiving water replenishing and water quality in downstream rivers; (vi) advise on mitigation during the construction and operation phases, in accordance with the EMP; and (vii) investigate and make recommendations on other environmental issues.

B. Institutional Strengthening and Training

21. There are three IAs, namely (i) Nanjing Urban Construction and Investment Company (NCIC), (ii) Nanjing Drainage Management Department (NDMD), and (iii) Nanjing Municipal Engineering Construction Management Department (NMECD). One of these (NCIC) has two IUs: Nanjing Qinhuai River Construction Company (NQRCC) and Nanjing Water Company (NWC), to assist in implementation. An assessment undertaken during the project preparatory technical assistance indicates that those IAs/IUs have adequate technical and institutional capacities for project implementation. However, the IAs/IUs lack capacity in environmental management and monitoring. For proper implementation of the EMP, it is necessary to build up and strengthen the capacity of the implementation and supervision agencies. The IAs/IUs will therefore need EMP

52 Appendix 2 training (see A2.5). This will also be an element in the policy dialogue on the institutional component.

22. NMECD is the IA for the Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Water Replenishing Component; Hexi North District Sewerage, River Improvement, and Water Replenishing Component; and the Sludge Treatment and Disposal Component. NMECD will also implement the City East Sewerage Subcomponent of the City East Wastewater Treatment and Sewerage Component, for which NCIC is the IA. NMECD will need environmental training on the relevant ADB procedures during implementation of the Project.

23. NDMD is the IA the for Stormwater Drainage Component. NDMD will hand over the completed facilities to the district urban services management divisions who are responsible for providing the operation and maintenance for all stormwater management activities. NDMD has good expertise in drainage engineering, wastewater treatment plant construction and operation, maintenance of drainage networks including pumping stations, as well as water and effluents testing. NDMD will need environmental training on the relevant ADB procedures during implementation of the Project. Both NMECD and NDMD have legal entity status and are government agencies that finance and implement public sector construction projects that are not commercially viable or are by their natures not revenue generating.

24. NCIC Limited is a state-owned company responsible for undertaking investment, financing, construction, operation and management of urban infrastructures and public utilities, all in accordance with commercial principles. NCIC is the IA for City East Wastewater Treatment and Sewerage Component, and three separate parties are responsible for undertaking the various subcomponents in City East:

(i) NQRCC Limited for the City East River Improvement Subcomponent (an NCIC subsidiary), (ii) NWC Limited for the City East Wastewater Treatment Plant Subcomponent (an NCIC subsidiary), and (iii) NMECD Limited for the City East Sewerage Subcomponent.

25. NQRCC Limited will implement the construction and operation of the City East River Improvement Subcomponent under the City East Wastewater Treatment and Sewerage Component, including the wetland park. NQRCC was also responsible for the construction of Phase I Qinhuai River Environmental Improvement Project that was fully financed by NMG. The proposed Project is Phase II, which accounts for about 50% of the ADB funding. The lessons learnt in implementing Phase I will be incorporated into the design of the Project. NDMD will need environmental training on the relevant ADB procedures during implementation of the Project.

26. NWC Limited will implement the construction and operation of the City East Wastewater Treatment Plant Subcomponent under the City East Wastewater Treatment and Sewerage Component, NDMD will need environmental training on the relevant ADB procedures during implementation of the Project.

27. With the help of the EMC and support from the loan consultancy services, the PMO and the IAs/IUs will develop expertise in efficient operation of the completed facilities. The capacity building will be provided during the project preparatory technical assistance and loan stages.

Appendix 2 53

28. Loan consultants will train environmental specialists of NEPB and the IAs/IUs in environmental management, monitoring and supervision, mitigation planning, emergency response, environmental policy making, and other environmental management techniques. Funding for this training will be included in the project budget and in the operation and maintenance budgets during the operational phase.

Table A2.5: Institutional Strengthening and Training

Strengthening Agencies Strengthening Plan Timing Activities

Capacity building PMO, IAs/IUs Institutional organization, During project preparation and implementation development of responsibilities for each position

Monitoring PMO, IAs/IUs Procurement of related During project preparation and implementation contractors monitoring instruments and equipment

Cost Total Period Number (CNY/ Cost Training Attendees Contents Times (days) of person person/ (CNY day) 10,000)

EMP implementation PMO, IAs/IUs Development and 1 6 40 300 7 and adjustment, contractors adjustment of the EMP, settlement of emergency response, disputes environmental laws and regulations, environmental management

Environmental PMO, IAs/IUs, Engineering technologies; 2 10 60 300 36 processes contractors control; equipment selection and procurement; operation, control and maintenance of wastewater treatment processes, sludge treatment and disposal process, river management, wetland park management, and sewerage/drainage facilities

Environmental PMO, IAs/IUs, Monitoring methods, data 2 10 40 300 24 monitoring contractors collection and processing, reporting systems

Environmental PMO, IAs/IUs, Environmental laws and 1 5 40 300 6 policies and plans contractors regulations, environmental management, emergency response

54 Appendix 2

Cost Total Period Number (CNY/ Cost Training Attendees Contents Times (days) of person person/ (10,000 day) CNY)

Water quality PMO, NEPB Further development of 1 20 5 300 6 modeling water quality modeling commenced under Wastewater Master Plan Wastewater PMO, IAs/IUs, Study of wastewater 2 10 20 300 12 management contractors management

Sludge management PMO, IAs/IUs Study of sludge 2 10 10 300 6 management options

Wetland PMO, IAs/IUs, Study of wetland 2 10 20 300 12 management contractor management

Total 109

EMP = environmental management plan, IA = implementing agency, IU = implementing unit, NEPB = Nanjing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, PMO = project management office. Source: project preparatory technical assistance.

29. The institutional components of the Project will also involve significant training from a loan consultant in operating and maintaining completed facilities. Part of this training will focus on teaching staff how to use a set of indicators to monitor performance of the WWTP and sludge treatment and disposal facilities. These indicators will be designed by loan implementation consultants prior to operation start-up. All IAs/IUs will also receive environmental training on the relevant ADB procedures during project implementation.

VII. REPORTING AND SUPERVISION

30. The compliance monitoring reports will include (i) the project background, (ii) construction activities, (iii) environmental conditions, (iv) measurement or sampling locations, (v) analytical results, (vi) interpretation and implications of the monitoring results, (vii) determination of the compliance status with regard to applicable regulations and standards, and (viii) recommendations for improvement. The PMO will submit compliance monitoring reports to ADB, as appropriate.

31. During the construction period, results from the internal monitoring by contractors and CSCs will be reflected in the weekly construction reports. The reports will summarize (i) environmental issues during construction; (ii) mitigation measures taken, if any; and (iii) consequences of the impacts on the environment and/or surrounding communities.

32. The contractors will be trained to take immediate actions to remedy unexpected adverse impacts or ineffective or insufficient mitigation measures, as required by the EMP. The PMO and IAs/IUs will also respond to these reports in order to ensure that contractors have taken appropriate and timely action. Additional measures may be taken, if needed, to ensure that all issues raised by the compliance monitoring and weekly construction reports are appropriately addressed.

33. Results from the detailed internal environmental monitoring program and mitigation actions for both construction and operational phases will be submitted monthly by the contractors

Appendix 2 55 and IAs/IUs to NEPB and the PMO. JEPB and/or ADB may request that further environmental mitigation actions be taken, as they deem necessary, and may determine further mitigation measures for different stages, if necessary.

34. The PMO will submit to ADB the EMP progress reports and information on project implementation and the environmental performance of the contractors, IAs/IUs, and EMCs. These reports will include (i) semiannual environmental reports on EMP implementation, and (ii) a project completion report to be submitted no later than 3 months after completion of the Project. Progress reports will emphasize (i) progress made in the area of water quality improvement in Qinhuai River, (ii) monitoring results, (iii) implementation of mitigation measures, (iv) environmental compliance, (v) training, and (vi) capacity-building progress.

35. The PMO, with the assistance of the project consultants, will monitor and assess overall project activities under the PDMF, including environmental targets. The PMO will report to ADB twice a year on the physical implementation—including environmental aspects—of the Project to ensure that the Project's progress and impacts are monitored and reported on in line with ADB requirements.

VIII. WORK PLAN

36. Before project facilities construction, IAs/IUs will develop detailed responsibilities and requirements for contractors and will provide detailed cost estimates for mitigation measures and environmental monitoring in the construction contracts. The PMO and IAs/IUs also will detail the responsibilities and prepare the work schedules of their environmental management offices.

37. Before start-up of project facilities operation, IAs/IUs will develop detailed work plans for environmental management and monitoring during operation based on the EMP. These work plans will be submitted to NEPB and the PMO to help them to supervise implementation.

IX. PROCUREMENT PLAN AND COST ESTIMATES

38. The IAs/IUs will develop detailed plans for procuring equipment, materials, and civil works for implementing mitigation measures and monitoring plans. These plans will be incorporated into the project contracts. Environmental considerations will be incorporated into the procurement procedures to ensure environmentally responsive procurement.

39. Cost estimates for mitigation measures and monitoring plans are summarized in Table A2.1 and Table A2.2. Compliance monitoring costs will be borne by the implementing agencies/units, which must ensure that budget funds are available. Internal monitoring costs will be borne by the IAs/IUs, contractors, and CSCs during construction, and by the IAs/IUs or O&M companies during operation. The IAs/IUs or O&M companies will ensure that the necessary budgets are available. Before implementing the monitoring plan, agencies responsible for project environmental monitoring will also present a more detailed breakdown of the estimated budget. During project implementation, the budgets will be adjusted based on actual requirements. A detailed breakdown of the internal monitoring cost estimates will be prepared by the design institutes. Costs for all mitigation measures during construction will be included in the tender and contract documents and be borne by contractors. Costs related to mitigation measures during operation will be borne by IAs/IUs or O&M companies. Costs for the EMCs and for the training will be borne by the Project as a whole.

56 Appendix 2

X. MECHANISMS FOR FEEDBACK AND ADJUSTMENT

40. The effectiveness of mitigation measures and monitoring plans will be evaluated through a feedback reporting system. Adjustments to the EMP will be made, if necessary. NEPB and the PMO will play critical roles in this feedback and adjustment mechanism, as shown in the Figure below.

41. There will be two tiers of feedback and adjustment. If EMP modification is requested by the contractors and/or IAs/IUs, NEPB will review their proposals in detail. If the modifications are approved in principle, specific modifications will then be submitted by contractors and IAs/IUs to NEPB for further review. Comments and suggestions from JEPB and ADB will also be considered by NEPB and revisions to the EMP made as necessary. Contractors and IAs/IUs will then implement the modifications.

Map 3

Sewerage Subcomponent Water Replenishing Subcomponent under Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and under Inner Qinhuai River Sewerage and Water Replenishing Component Water Replenishing Component

Zhongshan Road Box Culvert

Dongyudai Gate Xiyudai Gate Tongxi Gate Minyu Gate

Qiqiaoweng Pumping Station

Proposed Pumping Station Box Culvert Proposed Sewer Proposed Gate Pipeline

City East Sewerage and Wastewater City East River Improvement Subcomponent Treatment Plant Subcomponent under under City East Wastewater Treatment and City East Wastewater Treatment and Sewerage Component Sewerage Component

Q in h u a

i

R

i

v

e r

Wetland Park Yun liang r Ri e ver iv R m a N

Q

i

n

h

u

a

i

R

i

v

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r City East Sewege Treatment Plant Proposed River Proposed Sewer Improvement Works

06-2441c HR Map 4

Sewerage Subcomponent River Improvement Subcomponent under Hexi North District Sewerage, under Hexi River North District Sewerage, River Improvement, and Water River Improvement, and Replenishing Component Water Replenishing Component

Proposed River to be Replenished

Qingjiang North Aqueduct

Proposed Sewer

Storm Water Drainage Component Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility Subcomponent under Sludge Treatment and Disposal Component

Sewage Sludge Yuhuatai Area Treatment Facility Jiangning Area

Guli Town

Mt. Feng Huang

Nanjing Municipal Sludge Disposal Facility

Golou Drainage Qinghuai Drainage Xuanwu Drainage Xiaguan Drainage Balxia Drainage Sludge Disposal

06-2441d HR Appendix 2 59

Figure A2: Mechanism for Feedback and Adjustment of Environmental Management Plan

NEPB ADB

Reporting Comments and Suggestions

PMO, NEPB

Documentation and Project

Adjustment

Comments and Suggestions

Contractors IAs/IUs

Feedback on Performance

Implementation of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring Programs

ADB = Asian Development Bank, IA = implementing agency, IU = implementing unit, NEPB = Nanjing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, PMO =project management office. Source: Project preparatory technical assistance.