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Ecological, Behavioral, and Distributional Notes on Some

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Ecological, Behavioral, and Distributional Notes on Some SHORT COMMUNICATIONS ECOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND Other localities mentioned are as follows: DISTRIBUTIONAL NOTES ON SOME Chiva Chiva Road (9”0356”N,’ 79”3413”W),’ an CENTRAL PANAMA BIRDS area on the drier Pacific slope of the Canal Zone, is composed of second growth woodland mixed with JAMES R. KARR ’ grassy clearings. This site was about 7.5 km from Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute the origin of C21, about 3.5 km NW of the main P. 0. Box 2072 entrance to Fort Clayton, Canal Zone. Balboa, Canal Zone Cerro Azul, Province of Panama (9”13N,’ 79”23W),’ is the westernmost of the montane areas east of the While studying avian populations in the Canal Zone Canal Zone, reached by highway east of Panama City. and the central part of the Republic of Panama from Under this name I include the elevated areas referred 1 July 1968 to 31 July 1969, I observed the ecology to as Cerro Azul, Cerro Jefe, and other peaks on the and behavior of several little-known birds and estab- same ridge (maximum elevation about 1000 m). lished new distributional records. Wetmore ( 1965, Mature, humid forest is still present in some areas 1968) summarizes the ranges of the non-passerine although much of the area consists of cut-over forest species, so this note will emphasize only new data. and forest-edge. Additional information on recorded status is based on Cerro Campana, Province of Panama (8”41N,’ Eisenmann and Loftin (1968). 79”56W)’ is a mountain rising about 1000 m at the eastern terminus of the chain running through southern STUDY AREAS Central America. Most of the vegetation cover near Most observations were made in a structurally mature, the top of Cerro Campana is cut-over forest and humid forest area (9”935”N,’ 79O4436”W)’ approxi- forest-edge, although some relatively undisturbed mately 8 km N of Gamboa in the middle Chagres humid subtropical forest remains. A recent discussion River basin adjacent to Gatun Lake on the Caribbean of the zoogeographic significance of Cerro Campana slope of the Canal Zone. Many trees rise to heights was presented by E. Eisenmann in Olson et al. (1968). of 40 m or more in this forest and the undergrowth is generally open. This forest study area is adjacent SPECIES LIST to the cabin of the Limbo Hunt Club on the Navy Pipeline Reservation (commonly called “The Pipeline Species marked with an asterisk ( * ) are new records Road”). Elevations along this road range from about for the Canal Zone or the particular mountain men- 30 m to less than 170 m. tioned, and species marked with a dagger ( t ) were Many of the species here recorded from this reser- described by Eisenmann and Loftin ( 1968) as “suf- vation are primarily foothill species in central Panama ficiently unusual or doubtful [in the Canal Zone] as (Euphonia minutu, Chlorothraupis carmioli, Decony- to justify very critical check (or collection of a speci- chura longicauda, Sclerurus mexicanus, Thamnistes men), either because no specimen from the area is anabatinus), while others (Myrmeciza luemosticta, Leu- known to us, or because the species is included on copter& plumbea, Rhynchortyx cinctus), hitherto un- the basis of an old record and there have been no reported from the Canal Zone, are mainly species of recent observations.” Notes are presented on 25 more humid lowlands to the west and east (Wet- species, of which five are new for the Canal Zone, more 1965, 1968). The Pipeline Reservation contains one is new for Cerro Campana and one for Cerro a remarkably varied avifauna and seems to represent Azul. Nine of the species discussed are listed as a transition area with both humid lowland and foot- “unusual” and three others are listed as “rare” for hill elements, in addition to species regularly found the Canal Zone by Eisenmann and Loftin ( 1968). A in the lowland forests and clearings of central Panama. (P) following the scientific name of the species in- Consequently, the area has interest from both zoo- dicates that, to substantiate the record, a color slide geographic and ecological viewpoints. The zoogeo- has been deposited with the American Museum of graphic interest arises from the presence there of Natural History, where identifications were confirmed foothill and lowland species of eastern Panama, as by E. Eisenmann. Although it was possible to collect well as species typical of the somewhat more mesic specimens of many of the species discussed here, the areas on the Atlantic slope of central Panamii. nature of my studies made it undesirable to remove Ecologically, the overlap in these avifaunas is not birds from study plots. surprising since the foothill areas and the wet Atlantic Chestnut-bellied Heron. Agamia agami. An indi- lowlands are similar in being relatively wet through- vidual in adult plumage of this “rare” species was on out the year. Neither area shows the effects of dry the small forest stream adjacent to the Pipeline Road season as much as do areas on the Pacific slope of study area on 9 January 1969. The bird flushed from Panama where the dry season is definite and more a small riffle area and perched about 3 m up in a extreme. tree. The stream was l-3 m wide and rarely did the depth exceed 20-30 cm. The nearest open water to this generally forested area is 4.5 km distant on Gatun 1 Present address: Department of Biology, Princeton Univer- sity, Princeton, New Jersey 08540. Lake. [1071 108 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Sunbittern. Eurypyga h&us. A single individual on a nest with two feathered young at the Rio Men- was noted on 9 July 1968 in the same area as the doza in the Pipeline Reservation 2 km N of my study Agamia when it gave a loud hissing sound reminiscent area on 18 July 1969. The nest, about 1 m above the of that of a disturbed Boa contirictor. The bird was ground where a fallen palm frond crossed a liana, tame and was approached to within 7 m. It even- was similar in construction to the nest described by tually scurried off through the forest without attempt- Olson et al. (1968) for G. lawrencii. ing to fly. *Purplish-backed Quail-Dove. Geotrygon Zawrencii. *Plumbeous Hawk. Leucopteds plumbea. (P). Stuart Keith and I first observed this rare bird at Wetmore (1965) does not list this species from the Cerro Azul on 9 April 1969, where it was calling from Canal Zone and it is not included in the list pre- the forest (for previously known distribution, see pared by Eisenmann and Loftin (1968) although it Olson et al. 1968). On a return to Cerro Azul on 14 has been taken both to the west and east in humid April I heard a &ail-dove calling and after a long forest (Wetmore 1965). I first observed a single stalk found one 6-7 m up in a tree. The elevation individual on 11 August 1968 in my Pipeline study was between 750 and 800 m. On a return to Cerro area. In the next few months I saw one or two in- Azul about a month later I heard the vocalization of dividuals regularly. On several occasions I was at- this species again. tracted to the species by a long series of tremulous tSemi-collared Nighthawk. Lurocah semitorquatus. notes. When calling they generally were carrying This little-known, crepuscular species, which in flight recently-captured prey, and in one case a second bird looks like a medium-sized bat with broad wings and was attracted by the calls. On this occasion the prey an extremely short tail, was seen occasionally ai dusk seemed to be a squirrel ( Sciurus granatensis), and at (18:00-18:45) at the Piueline Road. No calls were another time an individual was carrying a large frog. ever heard. Two‘ were perched about 32-35 m up On another occasion I saw one try to capture a along a horizontal branch in typical lengthwise capri- squirrel. mulgid fashion for 45 min on the morning of 29 One was captured (weight, 482.5 g), color banded, August 1969. They left about mid-morning. and observed with another individual for several *Brown Violet-ear. Colibri delphinae. Henry Hes- months before an unbanded bird was shot by a group penheide and I observed this rare, but unmistakeable, of Boy Scouts in early May 1969. None was seen hummingbird on Cerro Campana on 20 July 1969. afterward. I have recorded them hunting from 7 m Wetmore ( 1968:290) mentions records only from the up to the canopy at 50 m. An unbanded bird mounted mountains of western and extreme eastern Panami. the color banded bird in what seemed to be an at- Two, or perhaps three, individuals were high in a tree tempted copulation, 16 March 1969. Edwin Willis in a small clearing adjacent to a road. They did not (pers. comm.) saw one in forest by the Rio Medio, seem to be feeding, but rather engaged in darting near Gatun, 3 September 1963. flights at each other with intermittent pauses to perch tTiny Hawk. Accipiter superctiiosus.A single bird high in the trees. This species was identified on the was in the clearing of the Limbo Hunt Club for about basis of the following characters observed in the field: 30 min on 24 October 1968. This individual, in rufous large dark throat patch bordered by a light region; phase immature plumage (Wetmore 1965), changed rusty vent area; buff-colored rump; generally large, perches several times before diving into a thicket. buff to brownish in color, with a straight, short bill.
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