Museum of Comparative ZOOLOGY ANNUAL REPORT Harvard University

2009–2010

Annual Report 2009–2010 1 diReCtoR’s MessAge

This was a year of important transitions for the MCZ. We bid a lasting farewell to two dear friends and colleagues and welcomed several new ones. We celebrated our 150th anniversary and launched new research endeavors. We dusted off old specimens and are making room for vital new collections. This report reveals the MCZ as a dynamic and evolving institution.

In September 2009, Dr. Karel Liem, Henry The MCZ is not immune to problems posed Bryant Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology and by the recent economic downturn, yet thanks Curator of Ichthyology, succumbed to cancer. to robust financial strategies implemented A memorial gathering the following December well before I became director, we maintain celebrated Karel’s life and work in an event our ability to pursue ambitious programs filled with gratitude, memories and laughter. of intellectual inquiry, formal and informal

science education, professional training, and Catherine Weisel In April 2010, we lost another important collections development and stewardship member of our community, Mr. David Stone. focused on and comparative A longtime member of the MCZ Faculty, biology. the MCZ’s governing board, David was a champion of environmental education and The ongoing accomplishments of MCZ’s natural history. His wisdom and personal faculty-curators and associated personnel warmth, as well as his passionate advocacy testify to their willingness to incorporate on behalf of the MCZ, will be missed new technologies and advances in molecular tremendously. Toward the end of his tenure biology and genomics, functional biology, on the Faculty, David was keen that we recruit biodiversity informatics and digital imaging. new members to this prestigious group. In We maintain worldwide collaborations that spirit I am delighted to introduce three through our participation in the new members later in this report. I’m looking Encyclopedia of Life, the Biodiversity forward to working with them to serve the Heritage Library, Assembling the Tree of Life MCZ in the best way possible. and other global biodiversity initiatives, and In January, Charles Marshall, MCZ’s Curator we look forward to launching new ones. of Invertebrate Paleontology, left Harvard to To ensure the success and ongoing impact assume the directorship of the University of of the institution, we continue to invest California Museum of Paleontology. Charles’s significant energy and resources to train new departure was a loss for the MCZ, but we wish generations of scientists through a variety of him success in his new position. specimen-based courses and in-house grant The MCZ is beginning to make its mark on programs. Harvard’s new Northwest Building. Two whale As always, I am deeply appreciative of skeletons were hauled out of our attic and, everyone associated with the MCZ who made after a thorough cleaning and minor repairs, Cover photo credits: this year a success. I look forward to joining Top, left to right: Woodward, installed in the main lobby last January. Soon, Joanna Larson, illustration by Farish A. them carry the momentum and enthusiasm the MCZ will begin relocating into the building Jenkins, Jr., Gabriel Miller, Paul Morris into next year. all or portions of eight research collections. Bottom, left to right: Clemens Küpper, Daniel DenDanto, Gonzalo Giribet, Jon These specimens will be housed in a new James Hanken Sanders, Jonathan Ruel state-of-the-art collections facility intended for Director Opposite page photo credit: Daniel faculty, students and visiting scientists. DenDanto

AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 1 MCZ FACULTY

tHe fACulty of tHe MCZ

Mr. George Putnam, III The MCZ’s original charter, signed in 1859, mandates that the Museum’s Mr. Putnam has recently joined the Faculty. He is a graduate of activities be overseen by a governing board called the Faculty of the Museum Harvard College, Harvard Business School and Harvard Law of Comparative Zoology. School, and is currently president of New Generation Advisors, LLC, and chairman of New Generation Research, Inc. The MCZ is fortunate to have a governing board with a broad spectrum of professional experience and personal interests in the natural world. The Faculty is dedicated to sustaining He is a trustee of several educational organizations, the the MCZ’s reputation as a leader in zoological research, education and outreach, and ensuring Putnam Group of Mutual Funds and the Marine Biological its future standing, both academically and fiscally. Laboratory in Woods Hole.

This past year brought many changes to the composition of the MCZ Faculty. The MCZ would Mr. David B. Stone like to take this opportunity to both acknowledge the services of our longstanding members and

Cyndi A. Wood to welcome new Faculty members to the MCZ community. In addition to the listed members, The late Mr. Stone was considered the principal founder of the the Faculty also includes Harvard University President Drew Gilpin Faust. New England Aquarium in 1954, which set the standard for modern aquariums and helped to revitalize the Boston waterfront. Dr. John D. Constable He received his undergraduate degree and MBA from Harvard and Dr. Constable, a member of the Faculty since 1985, is a was the president and chairman of North American graduate of Harvard Medical School and a pioneer in burn Management Corporation. reconstructive surgery. He served as a board member of the He was on numerous boards of commercial, scientific, educational World Wildlife Fund-US and chairman of the Conservation and charitable organizations. David served as a member of the Committee of the New England Aquarium. Faculty for 32 years and will be greatly missed. Dr. Constable is one of the founding members of the Indochina Surgical Educational Exchange (ISEE), giving Vietnamese Dr. Barbara Jil Wu doctors the opportunity to train in medical institutions in the Dr. Wu is a new member of the Faculty. She obtained her United States. graduate degree from Harvard in evolutionary biology and Mr. Robert G. Goelet molecular biology. Mr. Goelet is a Harvard graduate and the chairman of GxG Since 1994 she has served in an advisory capacity for non- Management, LLC. He has a passion for natural history and has profit educational and research institutions, including the served on the Faculty since 1981. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the Harvard School for Public Health and the Marine Biological Laboratory. He served as the eighth president of the American Museum of Natural History, president of the New York Historical Society and the New York Zoological Society, and director of the Mr. Paul J. Zofnass National Audubon Society. Mr. Zofnass has recently joined the Faculty. An alumnus of Harvard Business School and Harvard Law School, he is Mr. George Putnam, Jr. president of The Environmental Financial Consulting Group, Mr. Putnam joined the Faculty in 1985. He served as chairman which provides advisory services to environmental, engineering of Putnam Investment Management Company in Boston for and consulting firms. over thirty years. A member of Harvard’s Committee on University Resources He obtained his MBA from Harvard Business School and an for 30 years, he has also participated in various Harvard visiting honorary LL.D. from Harvard University. In addition to being a and advisory committees. former Overseer and Treasurer for Harvard University, Mr. Putnam has served as a trustee of many medical, scientific, educational and cultural organizations.

2 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 3 FACULTY-CURATORS

James Hanken Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. MCZ fACulty-CuRAtoRs Professor of Biology Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Herpetology Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology Andrew A. Biewener MCZ Director Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology Prof. Jenkins’ research interests Director, Concord Field Station Prof. Hanken utilizes laboratory- are broadly in the area of based analyses and field surveys Chair, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology vertebrate evolution, focusing to examine morphological Prof. Biewener’s research focuses on the biomechanics, evolution, developmental on comparative anatomy of fossil neuromuscular function and control of movement. biology and systematics of and recent vertebrates and the His goal is to understand general principles that govern . Current areas of research include the evolution evolutionary pathways of structural the biomechanical and physiological design of vertebrate of craniofacial patterning; the developmental basis of life- and functional development. neuromusculoskeletal systems. history evolution; and systematics, and evolution Prof. Jenkins maintains active field research in vertebrate of neotropical and Asian . paleontology and, in 2006, was part of an expedition that Prof. Hanken also chairs the Steering Committee of the discovered Tiktaalik roseae, the missing link between fish and Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org). Scott V. Edwards land , in the Canadian Arctic. Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Ornithology Hopi E. Hoekstra Prof. Edwards’ research focuses on the evolutionary biology of John L. Loeb Associate Professor of birds and relatives, using the guiding principles of population Natural Sciences genetics, geographic variation, genome evolution, systematics Curator of Mammalogy and natural history. Prof. Hoekstra combines field and Current projects include utilizing genomic technologies to laboratory work to understand the evolution examine sex-chromosome and genome evolution across the of mammalian diversity from morphology -bird transition, speciation analysis and phylogeography to behavior. Her research focuses on in Australian and North American birds, as well as genomics the genetic basis of adaptive variation— of host-parasite co-evolution in house finches and their identifying both the ultimate causes, such as bacterial pathogens.

Tony Rinaldo Tony the strength and agent of natural selection, and the proximate mechanisms, such as the underlying molecular and developmental Brian D. Farrell Gonzalo Giribet

changes, responsible for traits that help Rose Lincoln/Harvard News Office Professor of Biology Professor of Biology organisms survive and reproduce in the wild. Curator of Entomology Curator of Invertebrate Zoology Jonathan B. Losos The Hoekstra lab contributes to a genomics Monique and Philip Lehner Professor for Prof. Farrell’s research is Prof. Giribet’s primary revolution in natural history studies, the Study of Latin America broadly concerned with research focuses on the tracking down genes that contribute to Curator of Herpetology whether the diversity of evolution, systematics and variation in wild populations. Members of on Earth is a cause biogeography of invertebrate the lab use an integrative approach that Prof. Losos’ research focuses on or consequence of the animals. Current projects combines molecular genetic techniques, Bear Cieri Photography the behavioral and evolutionary diverse roles different in the Giribet lab include theoretical modeling, experimental tests, ecology of , specifically species play in ecosystems, multidisciplinary studies for breeding studies and fieldwork. how lizards interact with their particularly between Assembling the Bivalve Tree environment and how clades and plants. of Life and for assessing deep Research in the Hoekstra lab focuses on understanding how biological variation is molluscan phylogeny, as well generated and maintained in natural populations. Of particular interest is the role have diversified evolutionarily. His The Farrell lab serves as a base as multiple projects involving natural selection plays in producing variation within a population (i.e., adaptation) laboratory integrates approaches for the Tree of Life research on as well as generating differences that lead to new species (i.e., speciation). from systematics, ecology, behavior, project, a collaborative and systematics and biogeography, sponges, sipunculans, comprehensive phylogenetic The lab is currently studying genetics, development and evolution of color genetics and functional morphology, platyhelminths and onychophorans. He is also interested in study of this most diverse and patterning; the molecular basis of reproductive traits associated with taking both observational and philosophical aspects of sequence data analysis, emphasizing sexual selection; genetic architecture and evolution of behavior; and genetics

Stu Rosner group of animals. experimental approaches in the field homology-related issues. of speciation. In addition to Prof. Hoekstra, the lab is comprised of seven and in the laboratory. postdoctoral associates, six graduate students, two visiting scientists, several undergraduates and a dog named Summit.

4 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 5 FACULTY-CURATORS EMERITI

George V. Lauder MCZ eMeRiti Professor of Biology Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology Kenneth J. Boss A. W. “Fuzz” Crompton Curator of Ichthyology Faculty-Curator Emeritus Faculty-Curator Emeritus Professor of Biology, Emeritus Fisher Professor of Natural History, Prof. Lauder was recently appointed Emeritus the Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor Prof. Boss, former Curator of Ichthyology. His research examines of Malacology, has been Prof. Crompton, former the structure, function and evolution with Harvard for 40 years. Curator of Mammalogy, was of vertebrates, particularly fishes and His research focus is the the Director of the MCZ from amphibians. Additional interests include classification, systematics and 1970 to 1982 and the former biological fluid mechanics, theoretical evolution of molluscs, using data from shell morphology, Director of the Peabody approaches to the analysis of form and anatomy and zoogeography to analyze the phylogenetic Museum of Natural History, Stephanie Mitchell function in organisms, and the history relationships within various groups of gastropods Yale University and the South and philosophy of morphology and physiology. and bivalves. He has also published on the history of African Museum, Capetown. His primary research interests malacology. Prof. Boss has contributed extensively to are the origin and evolution of , functional A major theme of research in the Lauder lab is fish robotics. Lab members and the Occasional Papers on Mollusks and formerly served anatomy, neural control and evolution of feeding in recent collaborators have developed a variety of robotic test platforms to examine fin as editor for Breviora and the Bulletin of the Museum of and fossil vertebrates. Prof. Crompton is a fellow of the and body kinematic and hydrodynamic function during locomotion. Robotic James J. McCarthy Comparative Zoology. American Academy for Arts and Sciences and the American devices have the considerable advantage over studying live fish by allowing Professor of Biological Oceanography Association for the Advancement of Science. He received two Guggenheim fellowships for his research on vertebrate a variety of programmable motions that permit investigation of discrete Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Richard C. Lewontin paleontology and functional morphology. components of naturally coupled movements. Oceanography Professor of Biology, Emeritus Acting Curator of Malacology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Other research projects in the Lauder lab include hydrodynamics of locomotion Prof. McCarthy’s research focuses on Zoology, Emeritus Herbert W. Levi in fishes, 3D kinematics of fish locomotion, maneuvering and stability in fish factors that regulate the processes of Faculty-Curator Emeritus locomotion, evolution of functional design in fishes, and schooling behavior in An evolutionary geneticist, Prof. primary production and nutrient supply Professor of Biology, Emeritus fishes. Lewontin pioneered the field of in the ocean. molecular population genetics A former Curator of Arachnology, The Lauder lab has ten lab members, including two research assistants, a Through controlled laboratory studies by merging molecular biology Prof. Levi’s research focuses on lab manager, three graduate students, two postdoctoral fellows and two and field investigations, Prof. McCarthy and evolutionary theory, as the taxonomy of new world orb undergraduate students who are conducting research on fish biomechanics. and his group examine the effects well as the philosophical and weaving araneid genera. The lab contains two aquarium rooms with individual fish habitats, a 600-gallon of strong seasonal or interannual social implications of genetics The author of and Their aquarium, two 300-gallon aquaria and numerous 10- to 30-gallon aquaria. climate change on marine life and and evolutionary theory. Prof. Kin, as well as numerous articles biogeochemical systems. Lewontin’s current research on various spider genera, his involves computer simulation research has made possible and evaluation of statistical tests for selection. Among his identification of 1,500 species in many books are The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change; 66 genera in the Americas. Prof. Levi served as president of Naomi E. Pierce Robert M. Biology as Ideology: the Doctrine of DNA; Human Diversity; and the International Society of Arachnology and, in 2007, won Sidney A. and John Hessel Woollacott The Triple Helix: Gene Organism and Environment. He served the ISA’s Eugene Simon Award for lifetime achievement for Professor of Biology Professor of Biology as President of the Society for the Study of Evolution, his immense influence on spider research. He has made his Curator of Entomology Curator of Marine the American Society of Naturalists and the Society for extensive collection of drawings of orb weavers’ genitalia Invertebrates Molecular Biology and Evolution. available online. Prof. Pierce’s research Prof. Woollacott’s uses molecular and Edward O. Wilson morphological data research focuses Honorary Curator in Entomology to reconstruct the on aspects Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus evolutionary history of of marine Prof. Wilson is considered the founder of sociobiology and evolutionary . The goal invertebrate life

Jean-Francois Bertrand psychology and has developed the basis of modern biodiversity conservation. He of this research is to history such as has received many of the world’s leading prizes in recognition of his research clarify the systematics synchronization of reproductive events and ecology and and environmental activism. He was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes for his books The (1990, with Bert Hölldobler) and On Human Nature (1978). In 2007, and classification of physiology of larvae. Topics of particular interest include Prof. Wilson received the Technology, Entertainment, Design (TED) Prize, larval dispersal and population connectivity, as well as these insects, and to investigate how host plant and where he articulated the concept of the Encyclopedia of Life— associations have shaped their patterns of diversification. human impacts on the distribution of marine organisms. a contemporary, dynamic web page for every named species.

6 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 7 COURSES

CouRses in 2009–2010 led by MCZ fACulty-CuRAtoRs

Organismic and Evolutionary OEB 121a: Research in Comparative Biology Biomechanics (undergraduate and graduate) Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder OEB 10: Foundations of Biological Diversity (and Daniel E. Lieberman, Stacey A. Combes) (undergraduate) Introduction to experimental techniques Brian D. Farrell (and N. Michele Holbrook) used to investigate the structure and An integrated approach to the diversity of physiology of vertebrates, where each life, emphasizing how chemical, physical, instructor offers research projects that are genetic, ecological and geologic processes undertaken in their laboratory. contribute to the origin and maintenance of Gonzalo Giribet Gonzalo Giribet biological diversity. OEB 121b: Research in Comparative Biomechanics (undergraduate and OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of graduate) OEB 155r: Biology of Insects OEB 261r: Developmental Mechanisms of Invertebrate Animals Invertebrate Animals (undergraduate) Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder (undergraduate and graduate) Evolutionary Change (graduate) OEB 167: Herpetology Gonzalo Giribet (and Cassandra G. Extavour) (and Daniel E. Lieberman, Stacey A. Combes) Naomi E. Pierce (and Michael R. Canfield) James Hanken (and Arkhat Abzhanov) Introduction to invertebrate diversity with Optional extension of initial project Introduction to the major groups of Graduate seminar course in evolutionary special emphasis on the broad diversity of undertaken in OEB 121a into a thesis insects—life history, morphology, physiology developmental biology discussing the latest animal forms, their adaptations to different research project. and ecology—through a combination of advances in understanding the cellular and ecosystems, and how these phenomena lecture, lab and field exercises. molecular developmental mechanisms that shape animal evolution. OEB 130: Patterns and Processes in Fish underlie important evolutionary phenomena. Diversity (undergraduate and graduate) OEB 167: Herpetology (undergraduate OEB 53: Evolutionary Biology George V. Lauder and graduate) OEB 275r: Phylogenetics in the Era of (undergraduate) Fishes inhabit diverse aquatic environments James Hanken and Jonathan Losos Genomics (graduate) Hopi E. Hoekstra (and Andrew J. Berry) including deep seas, intertidal zones, coral An introduction to the biology of Scott V. Edwards Micro- and macro-evolution, ranging from reefs, polar waters, the vast Amazonian basin amphibians and . Lectures and A survey of the changing landscape of population genetics through molecular evolution and great East African lakes. To explore laboratories examine the morphology, molecular systematics brought on by the to the grand patterns of the fossil record. this unparalleled diversity, the course systematics, natural history, behavior, power of modern genomics. Emphasis will ecology, evolutionary relationships and be on the challenges of combining DNA OEB 57: Animal Behavior (undergraduate) emphasizes bridging traditional academic boundaries with integrative analyses of biogeography of all major taxa. sequence data from many genes and the rise Naomi E. Pierce (and Bence P. Olveczky) of species trees as a paradigm in systematics. A review of the behavior of animals under the biology underlying rapid evolutionary OEB 173: Comparative Biomechanics natural conditions, with emphasis on both radiations and stasis. (undergraduate and graduate) OEB 282: Genomics and Evolution of mechanistic and evolutionary approaches. OEB 139: Evolution of the Vertebrates Andrew A. Biewener (and Jacques Dumais) Infectious Disease (graduate) OEB 139: Evolution of the Vertebrates (undergraduate and graduate) An exploration of how animals and plants Scott V. Edwards (and Pardis Sabeti) Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. contend with their physical environment, Infectious diseases rapidly evolve to evade Origination and evolution of the major considering their biomaterial properties, our immune systems, drugs and vaccines groups of vertebrates, with emphasis structural form and mechanical interaction to remain agents of great morbidity and on the anatomical and physiological with the environment. mortality. We will investigate the genome evolution of these pathogens and our transformations that occurred during OEB 231: Adaptation (graduate) the transitions to diverse lineages of fish, intervention strategies for them past and Hopi E. Hoekstra present. amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. This discussion-based course covers the OEB 141: Biogeography (undergraduate latest advances in the study of adaptation Graduate Courses of and graduate) with a focus on controversial issues and Reading and Research integrative approaches. Gonzalo Giribet OEB 307: Biomechanics, Physiology and Biogeography aims to explain distributions OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology Musculoskeletal Biology Luke Mahler of organisms through historical and (graduate) Andrew A. Biewener OEB 167: Herpetology ecological factors. This course focuses on Robert M. Woollacott the history of biogeographic research, Human impacts on marine life and OEB 310: Metazoan Systematics developments in the area of historical ecosystems of the sea. Gonzalo Giribet biogeography and on ecological processes that affect distributions of whole clades. Illustration by Farish A. Jenkins, Jr.

8 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 9 COURSES COURSES

OEB 355: Evolutionary Developmental Core Curriculum Biology SCIENCE B-53: Marine Biology James Hanken (undergraduate) OEB 362: Research in Molecular Evolution Robert M. Woollacott Scott V. Edwards Explores the life histories and adaptations of marine life and the ecosystems of the sea. OEB 367: Evolutionary and Ecological Emphasis is placed on human impacts on Diversity marine organisms and ecosystems. Jonathan Losos SCIENCE B-65: Evolutionary Biology OEB 370: Mammalian Evolutionary Genetics (undergraduate) Hopi E. Hoekstra Jonathan Losos Freshman Seminar The process of biological evolution, the way the biosphere and its inhabitants have Freshman Seminar 22t: Why We Animals changed through time, and how human Sing (the Way We Do) (freshman only) actions affect the evolutionary process. Brian D. Farrell Explores the sounds and structures of Environmental Science the different kinds of acoustic animals— and Public Policy Luke Mahler including birds, mammals, frogs and ESPP 90e: Conservation Genetics OEB 167: Herpetology insects—and the different kinds of habitats OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology (undergraduate) BIOL S-113: Study Abroad at Oxford: OEB 320: Biomechanics and Evolution of in which they produce their songs and calls. H. Bradley Shaffer, Hrdy Visiting Fellow Darwin and Contemporary Evolutionary Vertebrates Students learn to imitate other species by Genetics, genomics and conservation Biology George V. Lauder slowing down their calls and will explore the biology have a long and complex history Naomi E. Pierce (and Andrew Berry) evolution and biology of music in humans. OEB 323: Advanced Vertebrate Anatomy of interaction. This course examines the The history of evolutionary biology in the Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. Life Sciences ways genome-enabled science can be post-Darwinian world, following strands of used to guide effective conservation and thought either introduced or ignored by LIFESCI 2: Evolutionary Human Physiology OEB 325: Marine Biology management of endangered taxa. Darwin in On the Origin of Species through to Robert M. Woollacott and Anatomy (undergraduate) the present. George V. Lauder, Andrew A. Biewener (and Harvard Extension School and OEB 334: Behavioral Ecology Peter T. Ellison, Daniel E. Lieberman) Harvard Summer School Naomi E. Pierce Explores human anatomy and physiology from an integrated framework, combining BIOS E-225: Human Impacts on OEB 341: Coevolution Marine Communities Brian D. Farrell functional, comparative and evolutionary perspectives on how organisms work. Robert M. Woollacott OEB 345: Biological Oceanography How anthropogenic-driven events are James J. McCarthy impacting the structure and function of marine communities. BIOS S-74: Marine Life and Ecosystems of the Sea Robert M. Woollacott The life history and adaptations of marine life and the ecosystems of the sea, with emphasis on understanding the fragility and resilience of marine systems in the face of anthropogenically driven perturbations. BIOL S-112: Study Abroad at Oxford: Darwin and the Origins of Evolutionary

Biology Jonathan Ruel Naomi E. Pierce (and Andrew Berry) Graduate students tour the MCZ The history of thought on evolution from collections during the OEB Open House its mythic beginnings in creation stories for the Harvard Integrated Life Sciences through the theories of Charles Darwin. (HILS) graduate program.

OEB 130: Patterns and Processes in Fish Diversity Stephanie Hillsgrove

10 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 11 COLLECTIONS PROFILE

which require similar temperature and killer whale is poised in a ColleCtions on tHe Move humidity control for preservation as other jumping breach position. specimens—will also move to specialized The 21-foot killer whale cabinets. In 2008, the MCZ welcomed the Northwest Building as a new neighbor to and the 24-foot bottlenose Harvard’s north campus. Soon, specimens from tiny shells to preserved crane B3 North, housing the management area were collected near the and mountain lion study skins will call the building home. for Vertebrate Paleontology and collections Faroe Islands in the 1880s. space for Invertebrate Paleontology, Both specimens were For 150 years the MCZ has been amassing a generated multiple scenarios for evaluation. Vertebrate Paleontology, Malacology, displayed in the MCZ Sea historic and scientifically priceless collection, On a macro level, the process considered the Marine Invertebrates, Invertebrate Zoology Room before which is currently estimated at more than space available, the size of the collections, and Entomology fossils, is scheduled for being removed for space 21 million specimens. This collection the space they would need when uncrowded, completion in AY 2012–13. reasons in the 1930s. The skeletons were stored in continues to grow, challenging existing the number of people who work with them, One attractive aspect of the move is the the MCZ attic, a common storage spaces and making the completion of special labs and preparation areas, and the installation of new compacting cabinets, practice by museums at the Northwest Building eagerly anticipated. growth of the collections and their associated which hold more specimens than older- the time because skeletons Construction has begun on two of the staff over the next twenty years. style fixed cabinets and provide improved were thought to be hardy. building’s four below-ground floors to outfit access to specimens. To visualize the On a more discrete level, the size of the However, we now know almost 48,000 gross square feet for state-of-the volume of space required to properly house specimens and their storage medium became that skeletons are among art laboratories, special preparations areas, a these massive collections in the Northwest important. “Dry” collections were welcome, the most fragile museum classroom and climate-controlled collections Building, just imagine 3,386 standard but alcohol-based or “wet” collections were specimens, and variable storage rooms for the MCZ. household refrigerators. excluded due to building codes. Oversized temperature and humidity “Once the space was secured, the question specimens, such as large fossils and mounted The Mammalogy collection will be the are exactly the types became which collections to move,” animals, were also not included because of

first to move in AY 2010–11, and the of conditions that are Catherine Weisel said Linda Ford, Director of Collections space limitations. department has been readying its specimens harmful. Operations. “It’s been a long process of since March 2010. “Over several months, play video As a result of this long and detailed According to MCZ Director James Hanken, defining what we have, seeing what fits and Mammalogy staff and casual help have assessment, it was decided to relocate all or the installation has multiple benefits: how much space it will need.” been hard at work. The collection is being part of eight collections to floors B2 and restoring and displaying the two inventoried and reorganized to streamline There were numerous factors in the B3. These include the whole of Vertebrate specimens, enhancing the building’s the move, and cleaned when necessary,” complex selection process, conducted with Paleontology and Invertebrate Paleontology, lobby and making room in the MCZ said Judy Chupasko, Curatorial Associate the assistance of Toronto-based consulting and the dry collections of Mammalogy, attic. “We’ve wanted to move the in Mammalogy. Immediately prior to the firm WeatherstonBruer Associates, which Ornithology, Malacology and Marine whales out of the attic for several move, specimens will be secured, packed and Invertebrates. Collections moving in part years,” Hanken said, “and the labeled for transport. Similar preparations are Entomology fossils and dry collections of Northwest Building provided the are ongoing in the other departments. Invertebrate Zoology. perfect opportunity. It’s not too often The installation will occur in three phases In time, bright and spacious work areas will that we find space to display one over the next three academic years. The B2 greet researchers—including MCZ faculty- whale, much less two.” curators, students and visiting researchers level, consisting of preparation labs, receiving To ready the specimens for their new from around the world—as they use the space and the Mammalogy management and installation, they were removed from MCZ’s ever-expanding collections to unlock collections space, will be completed during the attic and sent to the specialty life’s mysteries. AY 2010–11. preparation firm Whales and Nails in Next will be the installation of B3 South, Releasing the Whales Seal Cove, Maine. The firm cleaned planned for AY 2011–12. This space will And what better way to welcome visitors and degreased the skeletons, then performed repairs and created

house the management and collections areas than with two spectacular whale skeletons Stephanie Mitchell models of missing bones. During the for Ornithology and possibly management in the lobby of the Northwest Building? Linda Ford and Judy Chupasko day-and-a-half installation in January 2010, Cyndi A. Wood areas for Invertebrate Paleontology and Dramatically displayed in natural postures, The Northwest Building Malacology. Upon completion of the second the bottlenose whale is arranged in a twisting the firm hung the whales from specially phase, the 420 Blaschka “glass animals”— dive down to the lower level, while the reinforced steel frames in the lobby.

12 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 13 COLLECTIONS PROFILE COLLECTIONS PROFILE

“There is no better way to be reminded of the Traditionally, researchers have had to travel Another innovative digitization effort is majesty and the sheer mass of these whales to examine the specimens in person, an Aves 3D, funded by the National Science than to watch their skeletons being hoisted expensive and time-consuming effort. Foundation and headed by Scott Edwards, up some 50 feet into the air,” said Hopi E. Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology and Online availability of the collections is a high- Hoekstra, John L. Loeb Associate Professor of Curator of Ornithology at the MCZ, and priority directive for the MCZ, and multiple Natural Sciences and Curator of Mammals. Leon Claessens, Assistant Professor of Biology Museum-wide, cross-disciplinary initiatives at the College of the Holy Cross. Aves 3D Using the main floor railing as the waterline, are underway to promote digitization of uses advanced laser scanners to create three- the bottlenose is shown heading for a deep dimensional digital models of the 12,000 bird dive, while the surface-dwelling killer whale skeletons in the MCZ collection. is emerging from the “ocean” in a typical spy- hop breach maneuver. “The Aves 3D database is making a wide representation of both living and extinct bird

Paul Morris Digital Data: More than a Photo species accessible to scientists, educators, Natural history collections are of vital and the public,” explains Professor Edwards. importance in understanding the critical “Users can rotate and zoom in on the Justine Ide issues of our time: climate change, breastbone of an American flamingo, the biodiversity loss, emerging diseases, invasive wishbone of a king penguin or the skull of Herpetology, Mammalogy, Malacology and species and other environmental challenges. an extinct dodo.” Ichthyology collections have been migrated

But in order for collections to be of use, Paul Morris to the database. Migration of newly captured they must be accessible to researchers. Much data from these collections is ongoing, and of the data in natural science collections is the collections, enhance data quality and migration of the Invertebrate and Vertebrate “dark,” meaning it is not available digitally. mobilize this data so it can be used. Paleontology collections has begun.

One of the challenges in digitization is to Searching capability includes current MCZ effectively capture data from individual, often data, and in some cases specimen images, for fragile, and historically important specimens. the migrated collections. MCZbase shares “The MCZ Lepidoptera Rapid Data Capture data with discipline-specific and global Project demonstrates our successful method initiatives, such as the Global Biodiversity of obtaining robust data associated with the Information Facility (GBIF), Encyclopedia approximately 200,000 butterfly specimens,” of Life (EOL), , HerpNET, ORNIS, says Rod Eastwood, MCZ postdoctoral fellow. FishNet 2 and VertNet. “The project does this by separating specimen The effort, produced largely through handling from data capture, imaging both undergraduate student research, allows for In this way “dark” data comes into the labels and specimens, then capturing label the rapid global dissemination of three- light, facilitating diverse research and data from the images.” dimensional digital data in a format ready for educational projects and leading to a better quantitative and qualitative analysis. It also understanding of The workflow of this project occurs in serves as an online digital archive of museum species diversity, three steps. First, an entomologist creates collections, helping to increase use of these distribution, taxonomic labels with machine-readable resources while reducing handling of the anatomy, function barcodes for each species or subspecies. Next, actual specimens. Explore it at aves3D.org. and evolution. staff remove each specimen from its tray, placing it on a carrier with the taxonomic Data from both projects will eventually label and pin labels, and then making a migrate to the master Museum-wide database, digital image. Lastly, a database record is MCZbase. This migration effort began created automatically and augmented with more than a year ago and MCZbase now a transcription of the pin label data, then contains almost 900,000 records representing finalized when an entomologist performs a approximately seven million specimens.

quality check. Data are then made available Specimen records from the entirety of the Luke Mahler Paul Morris for mobilization and global analysis. 14 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 15 MCZ NEWS MCZ NEWS: RESEARCH

MCZ ReseARCH MAking HeAdlines Sperm Team Up for Speed, Preferring Brothers Robotic Fins Provide Insight into Fish Propulsion

It’s a fact: males compete for females. The sperm of both species clustered together Investigating the way a fish moves through Unlike earlier models with stiff fins, It’s also known that faster swimming for increased speed, linking up through water involves detailed study of biology, these biorobotic fins bend. This enables sperm have a competitive advantage in hooked structures and either clustering hydrodynamics and the mechanics of motion. understanding of how fin shape creates their race to fertilize the egg. But sperm together at their heads or forming “trains,” But studying live fish, and coaxing them into different forces and movements. Using recognizing and teaming up with their linking head to body. performing all the necessary movements, can robotic fins also permits analysis of quick, brethren to increase their speed? This be a challenging and time-consuming way to systematic changes to the fin and the manner However, sperm from the promiscuous deer is news. capture data. in which the fin is used. mice strongly preferred to group with sperm In research published in Nature, from the same species and even from the In a series of articles published by Professor Lauder and colleagues discovered Heidi S. Fisher and Hopi E. Hoekstra same individual. Sperm of the monogamous George V. Lauder and the Lauder lab in that relatively subtle changes in a fin’s demonstrate that sperm from two oldfield mice, on the other hand, grouped collaboration with colleagues, they discuss shape and movement can significantly alter species of closely related mice, indiscriminately with sperm from other the advantages of and findings from their the magnitude and direction of the force Peromyscus polionotus and Peromyscus individuals and species, a condition that is use of biorobotic fins. The researchers it produces. When executing a maneuver, maniculatus, behave very differently. unlikely to occur in nature. developed the artificial fins through a fish contracts muscles that control its detailed analysis of the anatomy, movement fins in order to modulate the stiffness In the promiscuous deer mouse, These findings suggest that sperm and behavior of bluegill sunfish Lepomis( and curvature of the fin rays. To further P. maniculatus, females mate with in promiscuous species have evolved macrochirus). investigate this fin-fluid interaction, the multiple males, while the oldfield mechanisms to identify their kindred sperm, team’s future work will include biorobotic mouse, , is monogamous. whereas sperm in monogamous species have In the lab, robotic models of the pectoral P. polionotus modeling of the sensory perceptions and

Heidi Fisher Postdoctoral fellow Fisher extracted not found these mechanisms necessary. fins (those close to the head) and the caudal motor control of the fins. sperm from several individuals of each (tail) fins were created by modeling the The work of Fisher and Prof. Hoekstra, species and fluorescently dyed each sample mechanical properties of the biological fins, Lauder GV, Anderson EJ, Tangorra J, Madden PG funded by the National Institutes of Health red or green. Creating various combinations captured by filming fish in a flow tank with (2007) Fish biorobotics: kinematics and hydrodynamics and the Arnold and Mabel Beckman of sperm from each species, the team multiple, synchronized high-speed cameras. of self-propulsion. Journal of Experimental Biology Foundation, received extensive media observed the sperm’s behavior under a 210:2767-80. microscope. attention. Fisher HS, Hoekstra HE (2010) Competition drives Our Planet and Its Life, Origins and Futures cooperation among closely-related sperm of deer mice. Nature 463:801-803. James J. McCarthy, in his presidential research, technology, thinking address to the American Association for the and issues. He stresses that Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree Advancement of Science, reflected on “Our in order to diminish the Planet and Its Life, Origins, and Futures.” profoundly negative and costly Evolutionary biologist Jonathan B. Losos In his book, Professor Losos illustrates This address, delivered in the year marking impacts of climate change and has authored Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree: how different scientific approaches to the the 150th anniversary of Darwin’s On the sea level rise decades from now, Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles, a work questions of adaptation and diversification Origin of Species, began by looking back to action must be taken today to that reviews and synthesizes decades of study can be integrated and examines evolutionary that time. Inventions and discoveries in 1859 reduce CO2 emissions. and an enormous volume of literature on the and ecological questions of interest to a made possible the combustion of coal, oil Prof. McCarthy ends on an Caribbean lizards of the Anolis. broad range of biologists. and natural gas that fueled the industrial era. optimistic note, recognizing Adaptive radiation—possibly the single In October 2009, the MCZ hosted 125 anole Since then the human population has the increasing role scientists th most important source of biological biologists from eight countries for the 6 increased from 1 billion to 6.8 billion and are playing in the U.S. diversity in the living world—results when Anolis Symposium. On this occasion, the consumption of the Earth’s resources has administration’s pursuit and Jon Chase a single ancestral species gives rise to many newly renovated herpetology library was grown even more. Global use of fossil fuels application of science in this James J. McCarthy descendants, each adapted to a different part dedicated in honor of Ernest E. Williams, provides about 80% of the energy we use, country. He also is hopeful that cooperative of the environment. One of the best-studied the MCZ’s late curator of herpetology but the physical and biological systems that efforts among the Earth and life sciences, examples involves Caribbean Anolis lizards. and a pioneer in researching Anolis. Prof. remove the resulting carbon dioxide waste and enhanced partnerships with the Williams inspired Prof. Losos and many other With about 400 species, Anolis has played a from the atmosphere are unable to keep engineering and social science communities, Harvard-trained biologists to research the up. More than half of the CO released by will provide new understanding as society critical role in the development of ecological 2 genus, making it an important group to study human activities today will remain in the steers to a future that diminishes risk to the theory. It has become a model system ecological and evolutionary principles. exemplifying the integration of ecological, atmosphere for up to a century. well being of human and other life on the planet. evolutionary and behavioral studies to Losos JB (2009) Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles. In his talk and the subsequent paper understand evolutionary diversification. Berkeley: University of California Press. published in Science, Professor McCarthy McCarthy JJ (2009) Reflections on: Our planet and its life, offers a survey of the development of climate origins, and futures. Science 326:1646-1655. 16 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 17 MCZ NEWS: RESEARCH MCZ NEWS: RESEARCH

Another Evolutionary Mystery Solved Altruistic Army Ants

A clear picture of evolutionary relationships The team employed a genetic sequencing Colonies of army ants are usually antagonistic the absorbing colony are clear: increased among species is needed to reconstruct how technique called expressed sequence tags, to one another, attacking soldiers from size leads to improved foraging efficiency, they diversified physically and ecologically which utilized many genes from a large rival colonies in border disputes that competitiveness and reproductive output. keep the colonies separate. But research over time. number of species. To obtain and analyze In one queenless colony, however, workers this massive amount of data, the team by postdoctoral fellow Daniel Kronauer In the animal tree of life, placement of the produced a small designed new automated methods for demonstrates that colonies can sometimes flatworm group Acoelomorpha has great brood of winged identifying and selecting common genes be cooperative instead of combative. In cases importance for understanding critical males. The researchers across different species and developed when an army ant colony loses its queen, events in animal evolution, in particular removed these males highly effective supercomputing tools its workers are absorbed, not killed, by the origin and evolution of numerous for analysis, but in an to reconstruct relationships from DNA neighboring colonies, and within days are organ systems. Yet, positioning this group undisturbed colony sequences. treated as part of the new colony. has been problematic for taxonomists they would fly off due to their rapid evolution and a lack of The study, funded by the National Science Army ant colonies are dominated by a single looking for young genomic data for certain acoelomorph Foundation’s Protosome Assembling large queen who produces the eggs that unmated queens. groups. the Tree of Life Project, represents the become the colony’s millions of workers. Although this strategy most computationally intensive genetic Colonies quickly disappear when she dies, does provide some In a study published in Proceedings of the sequencing analysis to date: 2.25 million raising the question of what happens to all chance of passing , Gonzalo Giribet and Royal Society of London supercomputer processor hours were those workers. along the colony’s an international team of scientists place genes, the small required to obtain the results. To investigate this phenomenon, Kronauer Daniel Kronauer Acoelomorpha at the first evolutionary number of winged Eric Rottinger/Kahikai Images and colleagues removed queens from branching for bilateral animals. The Hejnol A, Obst M, Stamatakis A, Ott M, Rouse GW, males makes the multiple colonies of African army ants, researchers determined that this group of Edgecombe GD, Martinez P, Baguñà J, Bailly X, Jondelius efficiency of this strategy doubtful. The study Dorylus molestus, on the eastern slopes simple worms is a product of the deepest U, Wiens M, Müller WEG, Seaver E, Wheeler WC, was published in Proceedings of the Royal of Mt. Kenya. Using genetic analysis, evolutionary split within bilateral creatures— Martindale MQ, Giribet G, Dunn, CW (2009) Assessing Society of London. multicellular organisms that, like humans, the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic the researchers determined that most have bilaterally symmetrical body forms. methods. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276:4261-4270. of the queenless workers simply joined Kronauer DJC, Schöning C, d’Ettorre P, Boomsma a neighboring colony, slowly losing the JJ (2010) Colony fusion and worker reproduction Genetic Sex Determination Populates Prehistoric Seas distinctive odor of their former colony and after queen loss in army ants. Proceedings of the Royal becoming fully integrated. The benefits for Society B 277:755-763. New analysis of extinct sea creatures as opposed to laying eggs on a nesting suggests that the transition from egg-laying beach, and may have played a surprisingly Hrdy Fellow H. Bradley Shaffer to delivering live-born young opened up strong role in adaptive radiations and in evolutionary pathways that allowed these colonization of the world’s oceans by a H. Bradley Shaffer, Professor of Evolution In addition to his research, Prof. Shaffer ancient species to adapt to life in open diverse array of species. and Ecology at the University of California developed and taught a new undergraduate oceans and thrive. at Davis, was awarded the 2009–2010 Sarah seminar course, Conservation Genetics, in Mosasaurs, sauropterygians and and Daniel Hrdy Fellowship in Conservation the fall semester. The course examined the Postdoctoral fellows Chris L. ichthyosaurs spread throughout the Biology from the Department of Organismic ways in which genome-enabled science can Organ and Daniel E. Janes Mesozoic seas between 251 million and and Evolutionary Biology. Prof. Shaffer’s be used to guide effective conservation and report in that the Nature 100 million years ago. All three groups work was conducted in the MCZ’s management of endangered taxa. evolution of live-born young of extinct marine reptiles breathed air, herpetology department in association with in extinct marine reptiles— but they evolved other adaptations to life James Hanken. On November 5, 2009, Prof. Shaffer mosasaurs, sauropterygians and in the open ocean, such as fin-shaped delivered the Hrdy Fellowship annual ichthyosaurs—hinged on the limbs, streamlined bodies and changes Prof. Shaffer, with the assistance of Harvard lecture, “Making population biology relevant evolution of sex-determining in bone structure. Some evolved into undergraduates Jennifer Woolridge and to conservation: The California Tiger genes. Freed from the need to enormous predators, such as porpoise-like Tucker Pforzheimer, created micro-CT as a test case.” In his lecture, move and nest on land, extreme ichthyosaurs that grew to more than 20 (computed tomography) scans of more than Prof. Shaffer discussed key results of his Illustration by Dan Varner physical adaptations for life in meters long. Ichthyosaurs, and possibly 250 of the world’s 300-plus species of living lab’s successful efforts to bring landscape the open ocean evolved in each group, mosasaurs, even evolved tail-first birth, an and , including 100 species genetics, field ecology, phylogeography and such as the fluked tails, dorsal fins and adaptation that helps the air-breathing in the MCZ collections. This image database population genetics to bear on achieving wing-shaped limbs of ichthyosaurs. young of modern whales and porpoises will serve as a resource to study the evolution listed status for the California tiger H. Bradley Shaffer and Jennifer Woolridge avoid drowning during birth. of shell and skull morphology during the salamander under the U.S. Endangered In many egg-laying species, incubation 210 million years of evolution. The Species Act. temperature is the primary determinant Organ CL, Janes DE, Meade A, Pagel M (2009) Genotypic database will also be a valuable resource for of the sex of offspring. Determining sex sex determination enabled adaptive radiations of extinct setting conservation priorities for critically by genetic means allowed marine reptiles marine reptiles. Nature 461:389-392. endangered species of turtles and tortoises. to give birth in the water to live young,

18 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 19 MCZ NEWS MCZ NEWS: PROJECTS & INITIATIVES

pRojeCts & initiAtives Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Harvard Museum of Natural History

2010 EOL Rubenstein Fellows MCZ-EOL intern to assist Luke Mahler in the The Harvard Museum of Natural History sequestration, address the threats created The 2010 EOL Rubenstein Fellows comprise review and editing process for herpetology. opened a new multimedia exhibition in by invasive species, and demonstrate the 17 early-career scientists from institutions www.edulifedesks.org May 2010. Headgear: The Natural History methods and tools that scientists use to around the globe. Through the generosity of of Horns and Antlers, which runs through investigate these issues. January 2, 2011, explores fascinating David M. Rubenstein, the EOL Rubenstein Great Mammal questions about how horns and antlers Constructed in 1872, the Fellows program provides part-time funding Hall are formed, how they evolved and how is the oldest and most dramatic public that enables these scientists to compile gallery in the Harvard Museum of Natural authoritative information about biological they function. Drawn from the MCZ’s remarkable collections, the exhibition History. Renovated as part of the MCZ’s species and make it freely available to th anniversary, the animal mounts features a dramatic array of horns, antlers 150 anyone in the world through the EOL were cleaned and the glass display cases and head mounts of a wide variety of Catherine Weisel website, eol.org. were restored to their 19th-century colors. species. Visitors can touch real specimens, Headgear: The Natural History of A group of undergraduates, supervised Gisele Kawauchi Two of the EOL Fellows are based at the learn about horn-like structures in animals Horns and Antlers by mammal curator Hopi E. Hoekstra, MCZ: Gisele Kawauchi, postdoctoral fellow that range from tiny to massive reevaluated the taxonomy in invertebrate zoology in the Giribet dinosaurs, and view 3D diorama and video of the animals and arranged lab, and Breda Zimkus, former graduate presentations that illustrate the use of them accordingly. The century- student in herpetology in the Hanken lab horns and antlers in combat. and project manager for the MCZ’s new old cases now reflect the Genetics Resources Facility. Through the generosity of MCZ Faculty most recent advances in our member Paul Zofnass ’69, M.B.A. ’73, as understanding of mammalian For her Encyclopedia of Life project, well as other individual donors, HMNH will relationships, and round Dr. Kawauchi will assemble an online guide create New England Forests: The Zofnass red stickers on some of the for collecting and dissecting Sipuncula, or EOL Synthesis Meeting on Deep-Sea Fishes Family Gallery. Opening in Spring 2011, labels communicate current peanut worms. She also will build pages The MCZ hosted an EOL Synthesis Meeting this permanent multimedia exhibition will conservation status, including on EOL for each of the approximate 320 on Deep-Sea Fishes in May 2010. The utilize research and collections from the in some cases “threatened” or Sipuncula species to facilitate identification meeting gathered experts and aspiring MCZ and other parts of the University to “extinct.” A video installation, and systematic studies of these marine deep-sea systematists to catalog the world’s explore the natural history, environmental made possible through a invertebrates. Dr. Zimkus will assemble deep-sea species and invigorate the pace significance, historical development and donation by Harvard alumnus The Great Mammal Hall EOL species pages to assist in the of discovery in the benthic realm. The conservation of New England forests. John D. Freedman ’84, shows the history identification and conservation of sub- meeting produced an annotated inventory The exhibition will present the latest of the Great Mammal Hall. The gallery Saharan amphibians. of all deep-sea vertebrates, those fishes research on the role of forests in carbon reopened October 16, 2009. Education Lifedesks adapted to life in Earth’s most harsh and barren oceanic waters. The inventory will Biodiversity Heritage Library Students in Jim Hanken and Jonathan Losos’s make a major contribution to EOL species spring class OEB 167: Herpetology and George pages. synthesis.eol.org On June 27, 2010, the Biodiversity Heritage BHL is going global, with Lauder’s OEB 130: Patterns & Processes in Fish Library (BHL) received the Association for BHL-Europe, BHL-China, and Diversity are authoring EOL species pages New Field Guide Tool Library Collections & Technical Services BHL- well underway using Education Lifedesks, an online writing EOL’s Learning and Education Group, Outstanding Collaboration Citation at the and preliminary discussions Luke Mahler and editing application that was developed by which is based at the MCZ, is developing American Library Association’s annual occurring with Bibliotecha the EOL Learning and Education Group at Breda Zimkus an online Field Guide Tool that will enable meeting in Washington, D.C. BHL has Alexandrina for an Arab- the MCZ and the EOL Informatics Group at anyone to organize EOL species information fulfilled a scholarly need by providing open language BHL. Staff from the Marine Biological Laboratory. Students for a particular location anywhere on Earth. access to a large body of historical materials on BHL, including Ernst Mayr populate species pages with data on behavior, The field guides will be highly customizable, biodiversity within the biological, ecological Library’s Connie Rinaldo, distribution, habitat, morphology and more. allowing users to define parameters for and environmental sciences. Joseph deVeer, traveled to Vienna in May 2010 The information is then posted for review species based on personal interests. The Head of Technical Services at the MCZ’s Ernst to discuss project details and and editing by their instructors before it is group is currently testing various formats Mayr Library, works with the twelve member developments with the BHL- approved and published to EOL. Graduate and options for electronic field guides and institutions to digitize rare collections and Europe team. BHL-Europe is Luke Mahler students in herpetology and gathering ideas and feedback from the artwork. BHL also is a key component of the now accessible via Europeana, a virtual Jeanette Lim and Erin Blevins in ichthyology Encyclopedia of Life, providing online access European library, which aims to make

Ryan Kerney & Breda Zimkus general public. are overseeing the editing and revision education.eol.org/ideas/tools/fieldguide to more than 31 million pages of digitized Europe’s cultural and scientific resources process for their respective classes. Lee biodiversity literature via EOL species pages. accessible for all. www.europeana.eu Dieterich ’10 will be working as a summer www.biodiversitylibrary.org

20 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 21 MCZ NEWS MCZ NEWS: HONORS

E.O. Wilson Delivers Prather Lectures AwARds & ReCognition Edward O. Wilson presented societies to demonstrate evolution Harvard’s annual John M. Prather from single organisms to the ecological Edward O. Wilson Lectures in Biology in April 2010, dominance of the superorganism. In October 2009, the encapsulating his 55-year career Understanding the transitions between Prince Albert II of Monaco at the university and looking different levels of biological organization Foundation honored forward to the critical challenges provides insight into how major steps of Edward O. Wilson with the ahead. In his first of three lectures, evolution can occur. In his final lecture, prestigious Biodiversity “Biodiversity and the Future of “Consilience,” Prof. Wilson explored Award for his lifelong Biology,” Prof. Wilson discussed the the boundaries among science, social contribution to protecting richness of global biodiversity and sciences and the humanities and the the world’s biological the dangers posed by accelerated interlocking cause and effect of these diversity. During his erosion of ecosystems to support disciplines. This borderland of previously acceptance of the award, this biodiversity. Prof. Wilson poorly understood relationships is the Dr. Wilson stressed that urged greater attention to and new frontier of academia, providing we have only just begun to examination of the living world, opportunities for novel collaboration explore Earth’s biodiversity. which would open a major new across three great branches of learning. scientific front of biology for the Prince Albert II of Monaco and

Prof. Wilson’s lectures are available online Catherine Weisel James J. McCarthy Edward O. Wilson 21st century. In his second lecture, at www.oeb.harvard.edu/news_events/ The University of California, San , Jon Chase “The Superorganism,” Wilson used news_items/prather_2010.html. Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. named James J. McCarthy one of the Edward O. Wilson The 2009 Romer-Simpson Medal was University’s Top 100 Prominent and The MCZ Commemorates 150 Years awarded to Farish A. Jenkins, Jr., at the 69th Influential Alumni. In May 2010, Prof. annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate McCarthy received an honorary degree In celebration of the 150th anniversary of the roles to educate and inform the public, Paleontology in Bristol, UK. This award is from Bates College in Maine. Museum of Comparative Zoology, a series of attracting visitors to the physical spaces SVP’s highest honor, bestowed for sustained three lectures were given by Director James with sophisticated interactive exhibitions and outstanding scholarly excellence in the Krzysztof M. Kozak Hanken; Dr. Cristián Samper, Director of the and engaging them on the Internet with discipline of vertebrate paleontology. Krzysztof M. Kozak, an undergraduate in Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum online exhibitions and digitized collections. Prof. Jenkins also was recognized with the Hoekstra lab, was awarded a Hoopes of Natural History; and Dr. Michael Novacek, Dr. Novacek also stressed the importance a 2010 Everett Mendelsohn Excellence Prize for his senior honors thesis, “Tales American Museum of Natural History of education in his talk, “Natural History in Mentoring Award, established by the of tails: Multiple origins of adaptive tail paleontologist and Senior Vice-President and Museums in the Environmental Century.” Harvard Graduate Student Council to elongation in the deer mouse, Peromyscus Provost of Science. Dr. Hanken gave the first Because scientific realities are not generally honor faculty members who truly go out maniculatus.” His thesis work was supported address, “This Brick Ark: Celebrating the understood by the general public— of their way to mentor Graduate School of by several Grants-In-Aid of Undergraduate Museum of Comparative Zoology’s First 150 decoupling climate change and biodiversity Arts and Sciences students. Finally, Prof. Research from the MCZ. Years and the Beginning of the Next 150.” loss, for example—researchers and the Jenkins received The Joseph R. Levenson Hanken traced the founding of the MCZ and museums that house them must highlight Memorial Teaching Prize, 2010, given Joanna Larson its legacy as a leader in the field of natural the relevance of their work as they seek to by undergraduate students to professors history research and education. In his lecture understand the intricacies of the natural world. Joanna Larson, an undergraduate in the whose excellence in teaching has made a “Natural History Museums and Society,” Hanken lab, received a summer fellowship Louis Agassiz Dr. Hanken and Dr. Samper’s lectures are difference in their Harvard experience. Dr. Samper examined the past, present and from the Smithsonian’s National Museum available online at www.hmnh.harvard.edu/ future of natural history collections. Modern of Natural History. Larson interned in the lectures-classes-events/videos.html. museums are increasingly focusing on their Breda Zimkus NMNH Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Breda Zimkus received the Ethel K. Allen studying patterns of morphological Fellowship from Sigma Delta Epsilon- variation in elephant shrews and MCZ History: William James Graduate Women in Science, an award that morphological features of hybrids of polar is designed to encourage research careers bears and brown bears. The MCZ has attracted more than its fair share of talented students, in the sciences by women. Zimkus is a a tradition that continues to this day. Among them is William James, former graduate student in herpetology Prashant Sharma Joanna Larson founder of American psychology and renowned philosopher. As a in the Hanken lab and is currently project Prashant Sharma, a graduate student in Harvard undergraduate James came under the spell of Louis Agassiz, manager for the MCZ’s new Genetic invertebrate zoology and member of the who brought him along on the MCZ’s Thayer expedition to Brazil in Resources Facility. Her fellowship will be Giribet lab, won the Willi Hennig Award 1865–1866. James quickly discovered that serious field biology, and used to support her postdoctoral work on for best oral presentation by a student at especially gathering specimens, was not to his liking. As he wrote to his the frog genus Ptychadena. the Hennig Society’s annual meeting in parents in a letter from October 1865: “If there is any thing I hate it is Honolulu, Hawaii, in May 2010. William James, taken in Brazil in collecting. I don’t think it is suited to my genius at all.” 1865 following an attack of smallpox Courtesy Houghton Library 22 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 23 MCZ PUBLICATIONS: 2009 MCZ PUBLICATIONS: 2009

• Alberti G, Giribet G, Gutjahr M (2009) Ultrastructure • Collar DC, O’Meara BC, Wainwright PC, Near • Giribet G, Guzmán Cuéllar A, Edgecombe GD • Liu L, Yu L, Kubatko L, Pearl DK, Edwards • Murienne J, Guilbert E, Grandcolas P (2009) • Sharma P, Karunarathna I, Giribet G (2009) On of spermatozoa of different species of Neogoveidae, TJ (2009) Piscivory limits diversification of feeding (2009) Further use of molecular data in studying SV (2009) Coalescent methods for estimating Species diversity in the New Caledonian endemic the endemic Sri Lankan genus Pettalus (, , and Stylocellidae (Cyphophthalmi: morphology in centrarchid fishes. Evolution 63:1557- biogeographic patterns within the centipede genus phylogenetic trees. Mol Phylogenet Evol 53:320-328 genera Cephalidiosus and Nobarnus (Insecta: Cyphophthalmi, ) with the description of a Opiliones). Contrib Nat Hist (Bern) 12:53-69 1573 Craterostigmus: the case for a monophyletic New Heteroptera: Tingidae), an approach using new species and a discussion on the magnitude of its • Liu L, Edwards SV (2009) Phylogenetic analysis in Zealand species. Soil Organisms 81:557-563 phylogeny and species distribution modeling. diversity. J Arachnol 37:60-67 • Alcaide M, Edwards SV, Cadahia SV, Negro JJ • Collar DC, Wainwright PC (2009) Ecomorphology the anomaly zone. Systematic Biology 58:452-460 Biol J Linn Soc 97:177-184 (2009) MHC class I genes of birds of prey: isolation, of the Centrarchidae. In Centrarchid Fishes: Diversity, • Guang-Xin H, Ming-Sheng Z, Levi HW (2009) Two • Silva MC, Edwards SV (2009) Structure and • Liu L, Yu l, Pearl DK, Edwards SV (2009) polymorphism and diversifying selection. Conserv Biology and Conservation (Cook SJ, Philipp DP, eds) little known genera Deione and Talthybia (Araneida: • Organ CL, Janes DE, Meade A, Pagel M (2009) evolution of a new avian MHC class II B gene Estimating species phylogenies using coalescence Genet 10:1349-1355 70-89. Blackwell Scientific Press: Cambridge, UK Araneae) from southern China. Zootaxa 2297:55-63 Genotypic sex determination enabled adaptive in a sub-Antarctic seabird, the Thin-Billed Prion times among sequences. Syst Biol 58:468-477 radiations of extinct marine reptiles. Nature 461:389-392 (Procellariiformes: Pachyptila belcheri). J Mol Evol • Alcaide M, Serrano D, Tella JL, Negro JJ (2009) • DeVaney SC, Hartel KE, Themelis DE (2009) • Guil N, Giribet G (2009) Fine scale population • Losos JB (2009) Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree: 68:279-291 Strong philopatry derived from capture-recapture The first records ofNeocyema (Teleostei: structure in the blumi-canadensis series • Organ CL, Shedlock AM (2009) Palaeogenomics of Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles. University records does not lead to fine-scale genetic Saccopharyngiformes) in the western North Atlantic (, Tardigrada) in an Iberian pterosaurs and the evolution of small genome size in • Steiner CC, Römpler H, Boettger LM, Schöneberg T, of California Press: Berkeley, CA differentiation in lesser kestrels. J Anim Ecol 78:468-475 with comments of its relationship to Leptocephalus mountain range—When morphology fails to explain flying vertebrates.Biol Letters 5:47-50 Hoekstra HE (2009) The genetics basis of phenotypic holti Schmidt 1909. Northeast Nat 16:409-414 genetic structure. Mol Phylogenet Evol 51:606-613 • Losos JB, Parent CE (2009) The speciation-area convergence in beach mice: similar pigmentation • Álvarez-Padilla F, Dimitrov D, Giribet G, Hormiga • Organ CL, Brusatte S, Stein K (2009) Sauropod relationship. In The Theory of Island Biogeography patterns but different genes. Mol Biol Evol 26:35-45 G (2009) Phylogenetic relationships of the spider • Deyrup M, Cover S (2009) Dacetine ants in • Gwinn NE, Rinaldo CA (2009) The Biodiversity dinosaurs evolved moderately sized genomes Revisited (Losos JB, Ricklefs RE, eds) 415-438 family Tetragnathidae (Araneae, Araneoidea) based southeastern (: Heritage Library: sharing biodiversity with the world. unrelated to body size. Proc Roy Soc B 276:4303-4308 • Tangora JL, Esposito CJ, Lauder GV (2009) Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ on morphological and DNA sequence data. Cladistics Formicidae). Southeastern Naturalist 8:191-212 IFLA Journal 35:25-34 Biorobotic fins for investigations of fish locomotion. • Perez K, Carlson RL, Shulman MJ, Ellis JC (2009) 25:109-146 • Losos JB, Ricklefs RE (2009) Adaptation and In IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent • Edgecombe GD, Giribet G (2009) Phylogenetics of • Hanken J (2009) “Rx for human (and planetary) Why are intertidal snails rare in the subtidal? , diversification on islands.Nature 457:830-836 Robots and Systems 2009, St. Louis MO 2120-2125 • Aminetzach YT, Srouji JR, Kong CY, Hoekstra HE scutigeromorph centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) health” review of Sustaining Life: How Human Health growth, and the vertical distribution of Littorina littorea (2009) Convergent evolution of novel protein function with implications for species delimitation and Depends on Biodiversity (Chivian E, Bernstein A, eds.) • Losos JB, Ricklefs RE, eds (2009) The Theory of (L.) in the Gulf of Maine. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 369:79-86 • Thomasson HA, Buermann W, Milá B, Graham CH, in shrew and lizard . Curr Biol 19:1925-1931 historical biogeography of the Australian and New ReVista 8:64-66 Island Biogeography Revisited. Princeton University Cameron SE, Schneider CJ, Pollinger JP, Saatchi S, • Ramakrishnan S, Zheng L, Mittal R, Najjar Caledonian faunas. Cladistics 25:406-427 Press: Princeton, NJ Wayne RK, Smith TB (2009) Modeling environmentally • Archetti M (2009) Cooperation as a volunteer’s • Hanken J (2009) David B. Wake. In Evolution: The FM, Lauder GV, Hedrick TL (2009) Large eddy associated morphological and genetic variation in a dilemma and the strategy of conflict in public goods • Edwards SV (2009) Is a new and general theory of First Four Billion Years (Ruse M, Travis J, eds) 901-902. • Losos JB, Schneider CJ (2009) Anolis lizards. simulation of flows with complex moving boundaries: rainforest bird, and its application to conservation games. J Evol Biol 22:2192-2200 molecular systematics emerging? Evolution 63:1-19 Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA Curr Biol 19:R316-R318 Application to flying and swimming in animals.AIAA prioritization. Evol Appl 3:1-16 Computational Fluid Dynamics, June 22-25, 2009, • Archetti M (2009) Loss of autumn colors under • Edwards SV (2009) Natural selection and phylogenetic • Hejnol A, Obst M, Stamatakis A, Ott M, Rouse • Martins DJ (2009) Differences in Odonata abundance San Antonio, Texas • Weber JN, Peters MB, Tsyusko OV, Linnen CR, Hagen domestication. A byproduct of selection for fruit analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:8799-8800 GW, Edgecombe GD, Martinez P, Baguñá J, Bailly X, and diversity in pesticide-fished, traditionally-fished C, Schable NA, Tuberville TD, McKee AM, Lance SL, flavor?Plant Signaling & Behavior 4:856-858 Jondelius U, Wiens M, Müller WEG, Seaver E, Wheeler and protected areas in Lake Victoria, Eastern Africa • Revell LJ, Collar DC (2009) Phylogenetic analysis • Espinasa L, Giribet G (2009) Living in the dark— Jones KL, Fisher HS, Dewey MJ, Hoekstra HE, Glenn WC, Martindale MQ, Giribet G, Dunn CW (2009) (Anisoptera). Odonatologica 38:247-255 of the evolutionary correlation using likelihood. • Baer B, den Boer SPA, Kronauer DJC, Nash DR, species delimitation based on combined molecular TC (2009) Five hundred microsatellite markers for Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable Evolution 63:1090-1100 Boomsma JJ (2009) Fungus gardens of the leafcutter and morphological evidence in the nicoletiid • Martins DJ (2009) Pollination and facultative Peromyscus. Conserv Genet 11:1243-1246 phylogenomic methods. Proc Roy Soc B 276:4261-4270 ant Atta colombica function as egg nurseries for the genus Texoreddellia Wygodzinsky, 1973 (Hexapoda: ant-association in the African leopard orchid Ansellia • Rinaldo C (2009) The Biodiversity Heritage • Weber JN, Hoekstra HE (2009) The evolution snake Leptodeira annulata. Insect Soc 56:289-291 : ) in Texas and Mexico. Texas • Hoekstra HE (2009) “The Evolution Ringmaster” africana. J East Afr Nat Hist 98:67–77 Library: Exposing the taxonomic literature. J Agr Food of burrowing behavior in deer mice. Anim Behav Memorial Museum Speleological Monographs 7:87-100 review of The Greatest Show on Earth: the Evidence for Inform 10:259-265 • Balakrishnan CB, Edwards SV (2009) Nucleotide • McCarthy JJ (2009) Reflections on: Our planet and 77:603-609 Evolution, Dawkins R. Cell 139:454-455 variation, linkage disequilibrium and founder- • Flammang BE, Lauder GV (2009) Caudal fin shape its life, origins, and futures. Science 326:1646-1655 • Rinaldo C, Warnement J (2009) Creating a • Wheeler WC, Giribet G (2009) Phylogenetic facilitated speciation in wild populations of the zebra modulation and control during acceleration, braking • Hölldobler B, Wilson EO (2009) The Biodiversity Commons: The Biodiversity Heritage • McKenna DD, Sequeira AS, Marvaldi AE, Farrell hypotheses and the utility of multiple sequence finchTaeniopygia guttata. Genetics 181:645-660 and backing maneuvers in bluegill sunfish,Lepomis Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness Library. Harvard University Library Notes No.1350 BD (2009) Temporal lags and overlap in the alignment. In Perspectives on Biological Sequence macrochirus. J Exp Biol 212:277-286 of Insect Societies. W.W. Norton & Company: New • Berry AJ, Hoekstra HE (2009) (Re)Reading The diversification of weevils and flowering plant. • Russell JA, Goldman-Huertas B, Moreau CS, Alignment (Rosenberg M, ed) University of York, NY Origin. Curr Biol 19:R9 • Framenau VW, Scharff N, Levi HW (2009) Not from Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:7083-7088 Baldo L, Stahlut JK, Werren JH, Pierce NE (2009) California Press, Berkeley, CA “Down Under”: new synonymies and combinations for • Janes DE, Ezaz T, Graves JAM, Edwards SV (2009) Host specificity and geographic isolation among • Boyer SL, Giribet G (2009) Welcome back New • McKenna DD, Farrell BD (2009) Beetles • Wilson NG, Huang D, Goldstein MC, Cha H, orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae) erroneously Recombination and nucleotide diversity in the Wolbachia symbionts from ants and lycaenid Zealand: Regional biogeography and Gondwanan (Coleoptera). In The Timetree of Life (Hedges SB, Giribet G, Rouse GW, (2009) Field collection reported from Australia. Zootaxa 2073:22-30 pseudoautosomal region of minimally differentiated butterflies.Evolution 63:624-640 affinities of three endemic genera of mite Kumar S, eds) 278-289. Oxford University Press: of Laevipilina hyalina McLean, 1979 from sex chromosomes in the Emu, Dromaius harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi). • Friedrich F, Farrell BD, Beutel RG (2009) The Oxford, UK • Russell JA, Moreau CS, Goldman-Huertas B, southern California, the most accessible living novaehollandiae. J Hered 100:125-136 J Biogeogr 36:1084-1099 thoracic morphology of Archostemata and the Fujiwara M, Lohman DJ, Pierce NE (2009) Bacterial monoplacophoran. J Mollusc Stud 75:195-197 • Motta PC, Levi HW (2009) A new species of Argiope relationships of the extant suborders of Coleoptera • Jones TH, Shear WA, Giribet G (2009) The gut symbionts are tightly linked with the evolution • Bozkurttas M, Mittal R, Dong H, Lauder GV, (Araneae: Araneidae) from Brazil. Zoologia, Sociedad • Winston JE, Woollacott RM (2009) Scientific results (Hexapoda). Cladistics 25:1-37 chemical defenses of a stylocellid from Sulawesi with of herbivory in ants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA Madden P (2009) Low-dimensional models and Brasileira de Zoologia 26:334-336 of the Hassler expedition. Bryozoa. No. 1. Barbados. comparisons to other Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, 106:21236-21241 performance scaling of a highly deformable fish • Gavrilets S, Losos JB (2009) Adaptive radiation: Bulletin of the MCZ 159:239-300 Opiliones). J Arachnol 37:147-150 • Mullen LM, Vignieri SN, Gore JA, Hoekstra pectoral fin.J Fluid Mech 631:311-342 Contrasting theory with data. Science 323:732-737 • Schweitzer MH, Zheng W, Organ CL, Avci R, Suo Z, HE (2009) Adaptive basis of geographic • Wu Y, Rovito SM, Papenfuss TJ, Hanken J (2009) • Kingsley EP, Manceau M, Wiley CD, Hoekstra Freimark LM, Lebleu VS, Duncan MB, Vander Heiden • Canfield MR, Chang S, Pierce NE (2009) The • Giribet G (2009) Book review: Perspectives in variation: genetic, phenotypic and environmental A new species of the genus (Caudata: HE (2009) Melanism in Peromyscus is caused by MG, Neveu JM, Lane WS, Cottrell JS, Horner JR, double cloak of invisibility: Phenotypic plasticity and Animal Phylogeny and Evolution by Alessandro differentiation among beach mouse populations. ) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous independent mutations in Agouti. PloS One 4:e6435 Cantley LC, Kalluri R, Asara JM (2009) Biomolecular larval decoration in a geometrid , Synchlora Minelli. Syst Biol 58:159-160 Proc Roy Soc B 276:3809-3818 Region, southern China. Zootaxa 2060:59-68 characterization and protein sequences of the frondaria, across three diet treatments. Ecol Entomol • Levin SA, ed, Carpenter SR, Godfray HCJ, Kinzig • Giribet G (2009) Daddy-Long-Legs (Opiliones) In • Murienne J (2009) Molecular data confirm family Campanian hadrosaur B. canadensis. Science 324:626-361 • Zimkus BM (2009) Biogeographic analysis of 34:412-414 AP, Loreau M, Losos JB, Walker B, Wilcove DS, assoc. Encyclopedia of Insects, 2nd Ed. (Resh VH, Carde R, status of the Tryonicus-Lauraesilpha group (Insecta, puddle frogs across Cameroon and description eds (2009) The Princeton Guide to Ecology. Princeton • Sharma P, Giribet G (2009) A relict in New • Carlson RL, Wainwright PC, Near TJ (2009) eds) 244-245. Academic Press/Elsevier Science: San Blattodea, Tryonicidae). Org Divers Evol 9:44-51 of a new species of Phrynobatrachus (Anura: University Press: Princeton, NJ Caledonia: Phylogenetic relationships of the family Relationship between species co-occurrence and Diego, CA Phrynobatrachidae) endemic to Mount Oku, • Murienne J (2009) : Biology. In (Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi). morphological change in Percina darters (Percidae: • Levi HW (2009) A new araneid genus from the Cameroon. Zool J Linn Soc 157:803-822 • Giribet G (2009) On velvet worms and caterpillars: Encyclopedia of Islands (Gillespie R, Clague D, eds) Cladistics 25:279-294 Etheostomatinae). Evolution 63:767-778 Galapagos Islands (Araneae: Araneidae). Thaler Science, fiction, or science fiction?Proc Natl Acad Sci 643-645. University of California Press: Berkeley, CA • Zimkus BM, Larson JG (2009) External Gedenkschrift, Contrib Nat Hist (Bern) 12:893-898 • Sharma P, Giribet G (2009) Sandokanid phylogeny • Clouse RM, de Bivort BL, Giribet G (2009) A USA 106, E131 morphology and osteology support the placement • Murienne J (2009) Testing biodiversity hypotheses based on eight molecular markers—the evolution phylogenetic analysis for the South-east Asian • Lim JL, DeMont ME (2009) Kinematics, of Phrynobatrachus nlonakoensis Plath, Herrmann, • Giribet G, Dunn CW, Edgecombe GD, Hejnol A, in New Caledonia using phylogenetics. J Biogeogr of a southeast Asian endemic family of mite harvestman family Stylocellidae (Opiliones: hydrodynamics and force production of pleopods and Böhme, 2006 within the genus Arthroleptis. Afr J Martindale MQ, Rouse GW (2009) Assembling the 36:1433-1434 (Arachnida, Opiliones). Mol Phylogenet Evol 52:432-447 Cyphophthalmi)—a combined analysis using suggest jet-assisted walking in the American lobster Herpetol 58:36-38 Spiralian Tree of Life. In Animal Evolution: Genes, morphometric and molecular data. Invertebr Syst (Homarus americanus). J Exp Biol 212:2731-2745 • Murienne J, Giribet G (2009) The Iberian • Sharma P, Giribet G (2009) The family Genomes, Fossils and Trees (Telford MJ, Littlewood 23:515-529 Peninsula: ancient history in a hot spot of mite Troglosironidae (Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi) of New DT, eds) 52-64. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK • Linnen CR, Kingsley EP, Jensen JD, Hoekstra HE harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Caledonia. Zoologia Neocaledonica: Biodiversity Studies in New (2009) On the origin and spread of an adaptive allele Sironidae) diversity. Zool J Linn Soc 156:785-800 Caledonia 7:83-123 in deer mice. Science 325:1095-1098 24 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 25 GRANTS

Putnam Expedition Grants MCZ gRAnt ReCipients Putnam Expedition Grants are intended to support MCZ faculty-curators, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in collecting specimens and data relating to the study of ACAdeMiC yeAR 2009–2010 comparative zoology. Priority is given to projects that collect living specimens in regions where habitats are threatened or fossil specimens in regions most likely to hold important Grants-In-Aid of Undergraduate Research (GUR) clues for unraveling evolutionary strategies. These grants support research by Harvard undergraduates under faculty supervision. Priority is given to projects that utilize MCZ research collections, laboratories and facilities. Support Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount for these grants comes from the Myvanwy M. and George M. Dick Scholarship for Students. Ronald Clouse & Invertebrate Collecting harvestmen (Stylocellidae and $8,440 Prashant Sharma Zoology Zalmoxidae, Opiliones) from Micronesia and Recipient Faculty Sponsor Project Title Amount Palawan Island, Philippines Andrew G. Brownjohn Naomi E. Pierce Determining the cytological mechanism of $2,160 Matthew Fujita Ornithology Contact zone dynamics and systematics of $4,700 parthenogenesis in Cerapachys biroi a widespread Australian endemic gecko Elena Butler Charles C. Davis Applied pitcher plants: using phylogeny to $2,469 Vanessa Gonzalez Invertebrate Zoology Collecting members of Archiheterodonta $5,800 understand biogeography (Bivalvia: Heterodonta) in the western North America: Resolving familial relationships Eva Catenaccio Hopi E. Hoekstra & The genetic basis of body coloration $2,000 within this group Jonathan Losos in Anolis lizards: the MC1R gene and interspecific patterns of variation Milan Janda Entomology Ant communities of New Guinea savannas— $9,750 the first exploration of unknown fauna Grace K. Charles Jonathan B. Losos Interactive effects of species loss and $2,500 climatic variability: an experimental approach Zofia Ada Kaliszewska Entomology Lycaenid life history evolution in $9,175 Andrew H. Chen N. Michele Holbrook The invasive species ecology of Myoporum $2,500 Emily Kay Mammalogy Sexual isolation as a reproductive barrier $7,610 between Peromyscus leucopus and Jon Sanders

Collin Johnson laetum P. gossypinus Jeremy L. Hsu Marcus Kronforst Examining the genetic basis of migration in $2,200 monarch butterflies Sarah Kocher & Entomology Expedition to collect Lasioglossum albipes $8,214 Naomi Pierce (Hymenoptera: Halictidae): a socially Alexander M. Kim Gonzalo Giribet Anomalous distributions and invasion $840.80 polymorphic halictid bee species in the in Texan freshwater prawns (Decapoda: Palearctic Caridea: Macrobrachium) Clemens Küpper Ornithology Evolution of sex-role reversal in polygamous $4,297 Joanna Larson James Hanken Identification of African tadpoles using DNA- $2,401 shorebird barcoding Frank E. Rheindt Ornithology Examining introgression between two $5,867 Sondra Lavigne Charles C. Davis The breeding system and extent of post- $2,481 species of Elaenia flycatcher parasite infection in a Rhizanphes lowii Gabriel Miller population Wenfei Tong Mammalogy Geographic variation in kinship and $5,000 cooperation in wild mound-building mice Jennifer Levye N. Michele Holbrook Water usage in Melastomataceae along a $2,500 (Mus spicilegus) successional gradient Sebastián Vélez Invertebrate Zoology Deep sampling of the $6,000 Daniel P. Perl Daniel E. Lieberman An energetic comparison of shod running $1,500 (Opiliones, Laniatores) to vs. barefoot running finalize a biogeographical study and revision

Adrea Gonzales-Karlsson Carl T. Pforzheimer H. Bradley Shaffer Multivariate analysis of turtle shell evolution $2,400 of the genus Nuncia Megan E. Popkin Naomi E. Pierce Determining the purpose of stridulation in $2,500 Total Awards $79,753 Lycaena phlaeas americana Brandon Kwee Colleen M. Co-speciation and phylogeny in a three-way $2,500 Boon Seah Cavanaugh marine symbiosis Miyata Grants Clemens Küpper Susan Seav Arkhat Abzhanov The developmental bases of sexual shape $2,230 Fall; dimorphism in anole lizards $2,470 Winter Miyata Grants are intended to enable herpetological fieldwork by MCZ graduate students. Non- Trieu H. Ton Cassandra G. Analysis of Parhyale hawaiensis maternal $1,200 herpetological fieldwork may be eligible when there are no deserving herpetological projects. Extavour determinants and germ cell differentiation Lewis M. Ward Christopher J. Marx Who eats what, where and why? $1,850 Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount Joanna Larson Characterization of carbon source utilization Shane Campbell- Herpetology Adaptive response to pathogen infection: $4,337 by multiple strains of methylobacterium Staton Anolis carolinensis and Plasmodium floridense Jennifer Woolridge H. Bradley Shaffer Broad-scale turtle morphometric study $2,400 Yoel Stuart Herpetology Ecological character displacement in Anolis $7,205 using MCZ collections Clemens Küpper carolinensis Chung Yao Yu Peter R. Girguis Effects of symbiont composition on the $2,500 Fall; Yunke Wu Herpetology Systematics, phylogeography and ecology $3,000 metabolism of “short-fat” and “long-skinny” $2,000 Winter of Eastern Asian salamanders in the genera Ridgeia piscesae of Pachytriton, Paramesotriton and Cynops Total Awards $45,601.80 Total Awards $14,542

26 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 27 GRANTS GRANTS

Ernst Mayr Travel Grants in Animal Systematics Ernst Mayr Grants support travel for research in animal systematics and are open to the scientific community worldwide. The principal objective of these grants is to stimulate taxonomic work on neglected taxa and/or poorly described species. Ernst Mayr Grants typically facilitate visits to institutional collections, with preference given to research using the MCZ’s collections.

Recipient Institutional Project Title Amount Recipient Institutional Project Title Amount Affiliation Affiliation Rachel J. Arnold University of A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic $1,500 Adelita Maria Universidade Federal Study of Monoplatina (Coleoptera, $1,500 Washington revision of the stargazers (Teleostei: Linzmeier do Paraná, Brazil Chrysomelidae, Alticini) types in the Natural Uranoscopidae) History Museum, London Corinna S. Bazelet Stellenbosch A review of the South African agile $800 Paulo Lucinda University of Systematics and biogeography of the live- $1,000 University, South grasshoppers (Insecta: Orthoptera: Michigan, Museum bearing killifishes of the tribes Priapichthyni Africa Acrididae: Euryphyminae) and a revision of of Zoology and Girardinini (Cyprinodontiformes, the genus Euryphymus Stål, 1873 Poeciliidae, Poeciliinae) Marek L. Borowiec University of Taxonomy and systematics of the ant $1,300 William P. Mackay University of Texas Revision of the New World species of the $1,500 Wroclaw, Poland subfamily Cerapachyinae (Hymenoptera: at El Paso ant genus Aphaenogaster Formicidae) François University of Florida Redefining species limits in the complex $1,000 Michael G. Branstetter University of Taxonomic revision of Mesoamerican $1,180 Michonneau Holothuria impatiens

California, Davis Stenamma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Jessica Hawthorn Jesús Orozco University of Revision of the American Cetoniini $1,500 Jon Sanders Kirstin Sara Brink University of Toronto Evolutionary history of Dimetrodon $1,000 Nebraska (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) Shawn T. Dash University of Texas A taxonomic revision and sytematic $1,484 Claudia M. Ortiz- Universidad Nacional Revision of the ant genus Brachymyrmex $1,500 at El Paso treatment of Hypoponera (Hymenoptera: Sepúlveda de Colombia Mayr (Formicidae: Formicinae) Formicidae) Santschi, 1938 of the New Jong-Seok Park Louisiana State A generic revision of the supertribe $1,500 World University Faronitae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Leandro Carlos Universidad de Restudy of the basal mammals and $950 Pselaphinae) and a revision of the genus Gaetano Buenos Aires, cynodont collections of the MCZ, Sagola (Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Argentina comparative anatomy and phylogeny Faronitae) Luiz Fernando Gelin University of Taxonomy of Polybia Lepeletier, 1836 $1,100 María del Rosario Universidad Nacional Study of Syphaciini and Capillariinae $1,500 Vermont (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) Robles de La Plata, nematode parasites from American rodents:

Argentina morphology and taxonomy Luke Mahler Geert Goemans University of Revision of the South American cicada tribe $1,000 Connecticut Zammarini (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadidae) Clare H. Scott University of Florida Revision and review of the generic limits $1,500 James Onstad of the lichen moth genus Lycomorpha Liza E. Gomez Daglio University of Taxonomic revision of scyphozoan jellyfish $1,300 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae) California, Merced Cameron D. Siler University of Historical processes of limb reduction and $835 Jesús Gómez- Spanish High Systematic revision of the poorly studied $800 Kansas loss in an island skink lineage Zurita Research Council, southern nearctic and neotropical Institute for Calligrapha Chevrolat Kelly M. Walsh San Francisco State Systematics of Echinocyamus (Fibulariidae: $1,350 Evolutionary Biology University and the Clypeasteroida) California Academy Jessica R. Hawthorn University of Evolution and systematics of $1,000 of Sciences Toronto Ophiacodontidae

Total Awards $28,099 Clemens Küpper Jessica Hawthorn Jessica Hawthorn Kevin Lin Samson Kurukura Gabriel Miller

28 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 29 MCZ PERSONNEL

Faculty-Curators Postdoctoral Fellows, David Lubertazzi Erin Blevins finAnCiAl dAtA Andrew A. Biewener Research Associates Global Ant Project, Wilson Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology; & Visiting Scholars Marie M. Manceau Shane Campbell-Staton Director, Concord Field Station; Miguel Alcaide Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Chair, OEB Ornithology, Edwards Lab These charts describe the income and expenses of the Museum of Comparative Duane McKenna Ron Clouse Scott V. Edwards Adam Algar Entomology, Farrell Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Zoology in fiscal year 2010. Endowment income funds much of the Museum’s Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Herpetology, Losos Lab Professor of Zoology; Curator of Maria Miara Mark Cornwall Ornithology Bei An Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab activities, including acquisition and maintenance of collections, faculty and staff Ornithology, Edwards Lab Brian D. Farrell Gabriel Miller Nicole Danos salaries, capital projects, facilities renovation and maintenance. Transfers include Professor of Biology; Curator of Entomology Sónia Andrade Entomology, Pierce Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Amanda Evans Harvard University-funded faculty research and financial support for the Ernst Gonzalo Giribet Carlos Moreno Professor of Biology; Curator of Marco Archetti Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Entomology, Farrell Lab Invertebrate Zoology Entomology, Pierce Lab Mayr Library. Other Income comprises miscellaneous income from publication Hendrik Mueller Brooke Flammang James Hanken Allison Arnold-Rife Herpetology, Hanken Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab subscriptions, royalties, sales and fees, revenue generated from assets purchased Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Jerome Murienne Ricardo Godinez Professor of Zoology; Curator of Hans Niclas Backström Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab through endowments and endowed funds decapitalized per donor request. Herpetology; Director, MCZ Ornithology, Edwards Lab Vanessa Gonzalez Akiko Okusu Hopi E. Hoekstra Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Capital Projects includes renovation of the MCZ’s ground floor for alcohol-based John L. Loeb Associate Professor of Rose Carlson Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab the Natural Sciences; Curator of Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Alexis Harrison collections. Building expenses such as maintenance, facility improvements and Terry Ord Herpetology, Losos Lab Mammalogy Angelica Cibrian-Jaramillo Herpetology, Losos Lab utilities are captured in the Space and Occupancy category. Operating Expenses Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. Entomology, Pierce Lab Emily Jacobs-Palmer Chris Organ Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Ronald Clouse Ornithology, Edwards Lab consist of equipment purchases, supplies, consultant and conferences fees, as Professor of Zoology; Curator of Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Collin Johnson Vertebrate Paleontology Brant Peterson Marine Invertebrates, Woollacott Lab well as annual subventions to the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary David C. Collar Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab George V. Lauder Herpetology, Losos Lab Zofia Kaliszewska Professor of Biology; Henry Bryant Nadine Piekarski Entomology, Pierce Lab Biology (OEB) and to the Harvard Museum of Natural History for general support, Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology; Thomas Devitt Herpetology, Hanken Lab Emily Kay Curator of Ichthyology Herpetology, Hanken Lab gallery installation and renovations. Support for MCZ-affiliated graduate students in Tiago Quental Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Karel F. Liem Vera Domingues Invertebrate Paleontology, Eunsuk Kim Professor of Biology; Henry Bryant Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Marshall Lab OEB is included in Scholarships and Awards. Entomology, Pierce Lab Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology; Rodney Eastwood Frank Rheindt Curator of Ichthyology Evan Kingsley Entomology, Pierce Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Income Expenses and Non-Operating Funds Jonathan B. Losos Ana Riesgo Monique and Philip Lehner Professor Heidi Fisher Christopher Laumer Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Nonfederal Reserve Space and Capitalized Scholarships for the Study of Latin America; Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Curator of Herpetology Sponsored Revenue 4% Occupancy per Donor and Awards 4% Matthew Fujita Alicia Rodriguez Perez-Porro June Yong Lee Ornithology, Edwards Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Revenue 5% Other Income 3% 11% Request 4% Charles R. Marshall Ornithology, Edwards Lab Federal Capital Professor of Biology and of Geology; David P. Hughes Jessica Rykken Zachary Lewis Sponsored Transfers 3% Projects 5% Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology Entomology, Pierce Lab Entomology, Farrell Lab Herpetology, Hanken Lab Revenue 11% James J. McCarthy Gifts 1% Carlos Infante Yael Salzman Jeanette Lim Professor of Biological Oceanography; Herpetology, Losos Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanography; Acting Milan Janda Thomas Sanger Luke Mahler Curator of Malacology Entomology, Pierce Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Naomi E. Pierce Daniel Janes H. Bradley Shaffer(Hrdy Fellow) Dino Martins Sidney A. and John H. Hessel Professor Ornithology, Edwards Lab Herpetology, Hanken Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab of Biology; Curator of Entomology Juan Junoy Andrew Shedlock Hillery Metz Robert M. Woollacott Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Professor of Biology; Curator of Operating Salaries and Fringe Varpu Vahtera Carlos Moreno Marine Invertebrates Gisele Kawauchi Endowment 73% Expenses 31% Benefits 45% Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Faculty Emeriti Jason Kolbe Sacha Vignieri Lynne Mullen Kenneth J. Boss Herpetology, Losos Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Income Expenses Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Endowment $12,587,266 Salaries and Fringe Benefits $7,803,399 Professor of Biology, Emeritus Daniel Kronauer Noah K. Whiteman Martha Muñoz Entomology, Pierce Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Federal Sponsored Revenue $1,906,559 Operating Expenses $5,273,427 A.W. “Fuzz” Crompton Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Professor of Clemens Küpper Katharina Wollenberg Ivo Ros Nonfederal Sponsored Revenue $908,014 Space and Occupancy $1,971,460 Natural History, Emeritus Ornithology, Edwards Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Reserve Revenue $609,830 Capital Projects $770,679 Herbert W. Levi David Lentink Elizabeth Sefton Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Professor of Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Graduate Students Herpetology, Hanken Lab Transfers $579,737 Capitalized per Donor Request $714,294 Biology, Emeritus Christopher Baker Prashant Sharma Catherine Ramsay Linnen Entomology, Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Other Income $396,010 Scholarships and Awards $646,035 Richard C. Lewontin Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Professor of Biology, Emeritus; Maude Baldwin Julie Shoemaker Gifts $191,878 Liang Liu Alexander Agassiz Professor of Ornithology, Edwards Lab Biological Oceanography, McCarthy Lab Zoology, Emeritus Ornithology, Edwards Lab Total $17,179,294 Total $17,179,294 Angela Berg Yoel Stuart Edward O. Wilson Mark Liu Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Pellegrino Ornithology, Edwards Lab University Professor, Emeritus 30 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 31 MCZ PERSONNEL MCZ PERSONNEL

Wenfei Tong Richard Glor Paulo Petry Adam Baldinger Miyako Fujiwara Murat Recevik Noor Beckwith Susan L. Kany Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Associate of Herpetology Associate of Ichthyology Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate Curatorial Assistant, Collections Curatorial Assistant, Malacology Entomology, Pierce Lab Interim Assistant Director of University of Rochester The Nature Conservancy Zoology and Malacology Operations Administration Sebastian Velez Mark Renczkowski Emily Boehm Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Kelvin A. Guerrero Steve Poe Dorothy Barr Sonia Gandiaga Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Entomology, Farrell Lab Philip Norton Associate of Entomology Associate of Herpetology Public Services/MCB Liaison Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ichthyology Paleontology Building Services Coordinator Jesse Weber Portia Botchway Systematic Entomologist/Environmental University of New Mexico Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Benjamin Goldman-Huertas Constance Rinaldo Ornithology, Edwards Lab Christopher Preheim Consultant Rolf Ream Daniel Belich Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library Academic Programs Coordinator Yunke Wu Anthony Buda Michael Hadfield Associate of Mammalogy Reference Librarian, Ernst Mayr Herpetology, Hanken Lab Brendan Haley Alana Rivera Ernst Mayr Library Shelarese Ruffin Associate of Marine Biology National Marine Mammal Laboratory Library Senior Database Manager Curatorial Assistant, Collections Assistant for Human Resources Shaoyuan Wu Kewalo Marine Laboratory Eva Catenaccio Michael Rex Constance Brichford Operations Vertebrate Paleontology, Jenkins Lab Karsten Hartel Herpetology, Losos Lab Anna Salvato Anthony Herrel Associate of Malacology Curatorial Assistant, Collections Curatorial Associate, Ichthyology José Rosado Manager of Financial Operations Edwin Yoo Associate of Herpetology University of Massachusetts, Boston Operations Ilsoo Cho Curatorial Associate, Herpetology Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Peg Hedstrom Ernst Mayr Library Deborah Smiley Jury Rudyakov Ronnie Broadfoot (Paris) Administrator, Concord Field Station Mary Sears Web Project Manager Xuemai Zhai Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Circulation/Reference, Ernst Mayr Adam Clark Head of Public Services, Ernst Mayr Biological Oceanography, McCarthy Lab Berthold Holldobler Harvard University Library Kathleen Horton Entomology, Farrell Lab Angel Velarde Library Associate of Entomology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Financial Assistant Associates Chris Schneider Greyson Brooks Benjamin Cox University of Wurzburg Entomology Diane Sheridan Associate of Herpetology Curatorial Assistant, Collections Ernst Mayr Library Ellen Wilkin Bruce Archibald Faculty/Collection Assistant, Gustavo Hormiga Boston University Operations Amie Jones Financial Assistant Associate of Entomology Invertebrate Zoology Andrew Dane Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Simon Fraser University Andrea Sequeira Dahlia Bursell Ornithology, Edwards Lab George Washington University Entomology Ingrid Soltero Associate of Entomology Data Assistant, Collections Operations Aaron Bauer Research Technician, Ornithology Renata Toga De Sousa Alan Kabat Wellesley College Petra Kubikova Associate of Herpetology Christopher Carden Ernst Mayr Library Associate of Malacology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Cheryl Souza Villanova University Scott R. Shaw Metadata Librarian, BHL & EML MCZ Faculty Bernabei & Wachtel (DC) Entomology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ichthyology Lee Dietterich Associate of Entomology Reinier Beeuwkes, III Margaret Carayannopoulos Encyclopedia of Life The MCZ’s charter, signed Leslie S. Kaufman University of Wyoming Laura Leibensperger Robert Stymeist Associate of Zoology Financial Officer in 1859, mandates that Associate of Ichthyology Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology William Goldsmith Ischemix Company (MA) Navjot Sodhi the Museum’s activities Boston University Paul Chaikin Zoology Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Associate of Ornithology Christopher Sussman Andrew Berry Curatorial Assistant, Collections will be overseen by a Laman National University of Singapore Lisa Litchfield Data Assistant,Collections Operations Laura Horton Associate of Population Genetics Operations governing board, the Associate of Ornithology Administrator, Concord Field Station Entomology, Pierce Lab Harvard University Joel Sohn Tsuyoshi Takahashi Faculty of the Museum of National Geographic Mary Catherine Chaikin Associate of Ichthyology Mara Lyons Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology & Henry Huberty Comparative Zoology. Elizabeth Brainerd Curatorial Assistant, Collections Ruth Hortencia Bastardo Landrau Golden Mountain Trading Company (CA) Faculty/Collection Assistant, Collections Operations Ernst Mayr Library Associate of Ichthyology Operations Associate of Entomology Invertebrate & Vertebrate Paleontology The members of the Brown University Stephen Tilley Jennifer Thomson Lili Kocsis Universidad Autónoma de Santo Flavia Chen Faculty are: Associate of Herpetology Joseph Martinez Faculty/Collection Assistant, Herpetology, Hanken Lab Donald S. Chandler Domingo Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Smith College Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology Populations Genetics Dr. John D. Constable Associate of Entomology Hannah Lyons-Galante Phillip Lobel Judith Chupasko University of New Hampshire James Traniello Christopher Meehan Diana Tingley Herpetology, Losos Lab Mr. Robert G. Goelet Associate of Ichthyology Curatorial Associate, Mammalogy Associate of Entomology Laboratory Technician, Entomology Curatorial Assistant, Collections Jae Choe Boston University Megan Popkin Mr. George Putnam, Jr. Boston University Christina Coffin Operations Associate of Entomology Jessica Mitchell Entomology, Pierce Lab David Lohman Intern, Ernst Mayr Library Mr. George Putnam, III Ewha Womans University (Korea) David Wagner Intern, Ernst Mayr Library Jeremiah Trimble Associate of Entomology Roberto Sada Associate of Entomology Stefan Cover Curatorial Associate, Ornithology Mr. David B. Stone Janet Collett Harvard University Juri Miyamae Ernst Mayr Library University of Connecticut Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Associate of Population Genetics Curatorial Assistant, Collections Noemi Velazquez Vladimir A. Lukhtanov Katharine Walter Dr. Barbara Jil Wu University of Sussex David Wake Jessica Cundiff Operations Data Assistant, Collections Operations Associate of Entomology Ornithology, Edwards Lab Associate of Herpetology Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate & Mr. Paul J. Zofnass Bruce Collette Russian Academy of Sciences Paul Morris Van Wallach University of California, Berkeley Vertebrate Paleontology Associate of Ichthyology Biodiversity Informatics Manager Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate President Drew Gilpin Russell Mittermeier Encyclopedia of National Marine Fisheries Service Marvalee Wake Susan DeSanctis Zoology Faust Associate of Herpetology Katherine Mullen Life, Learning and Associate of Herpetology Serials Acquisitions Assistant, Ernst David Bruce Conn Conservation International Library Assistant, Ernst Mayr Library Catherine Weisel Education Group University of California, Berkeley Mayr Library Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Museum Project Coordinator William Montevecchi April Mullins Tracy Barbaro Berry College Philip S. Ward Joseph deVeer Associate of Ornithology Acquisitions and Technology Specialist, Ken Wilcox Project Coordinator Associate of Entomology Head of Technical Services, Ernst Mayr James Costa Memorial University of Newfoundland Ernst Mayr Library Building Superintendent, Concord Field University of California, Davis Library Jeffrey T. Holmes Associate of Entomology Station Piotr Naskrecki Catherine Musinsky Digital Learning Editor Western Carolina University Jacqueline Webb Samantha Edelheit Associate of Entomology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Andrew Williston Associate of Ichthyology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Marie M. Studer Acknowledgements Catherine Craig Conservation International Mammalogy Curatorial Assistant, Ichthyology University of Rhode Island Malacology; Editorial Assistant, MCZ Learning & Education Project Director Associate of Invertebrate Zoology This annual report was produced Martin Nweeia Publications John Nevins Jonathan Woodward Harvard University R. Haven Wiley by the Office of the Director of the Associate of Mammalogy Laboratory Systems Manager for Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology & Administration for the Associate of Ornithology Katherine Eldridge Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harlan Dean Harvard School of Dental Medicine Biological Oceanography & Marine Collections Operations Department of Organismic University of North Carolina Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Biology Editors: Michele Nishiguchi Melissa Woolley and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Cheryl Wilga Anne Everly Associate of Invertebrate Paleontology Somer O’Brien Faculty/Collection Assistant, Rebecca Chetham James Hanken, Director Associate of Ichthyology Research Assistant, Herpetology Lloyd Demetrius New Mexico State University Staff Assistant, Concord Field Station Herpetology Director of Administration Catherine Weisel, Museum University of Rhode Island Associate of Population Genetics Charles Farnum Projects Coordinator Diane B. Paul Mark Omura Robert Young Irv Dumay Harvard University Judith Winston Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Associate of Population Genetics Curatorial Assistant, Mammalogy Special Collections Librarian, Ernst Building Manager Copy, Design & Production: Associate of Marine Biology Helene Ferranti Mayr Library Philip DeVries University of Massachusetts, Boston Philip Perkins Paul Dwyer Cyndi Wood Virginia Museum of Natural History Faculty/Collection Assistant, Biological Associate of Entomology Curatorial Associate, Entomology Breda Zimkus Mail Clerk Creative Project David L. Pawson Oceanography & Marine Biology University of New Orleans Staff Project Manager for Genetic Resources Management, Inc. Associate of Marine Biology Alison Pirie Jeannette Everritt Dana Fisher Facility Gregory D. Edgecombe Smithsonian National Museum of Emily Aker Faculty/Collection Assistant, Administrative Coordinator www.creativeprojectmgmt.com Assistant to the Librarian/Special Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Natural History Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Ornithology & Mammalogy Harvard Undergraduate Natural History Museum, England Collections, Ernst Mayr Library Jason Green Stewart Peck William Amaral Pedro Ramirez Staff Financial Assistant Linda S. Ford Ben Evans Associate of Entomology Preparation Facility Manager, Vertebrate Research Assistant, Concord Field Director, Collections Operations Sarah Al-Naggar Stephanie Hillsgrove Associate of Herpetology Carleton University Paleontology Station McMaster University Ernst Mayr Library Financial Assistant 32 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology AnnuAl RepoRt 2009–2010 33 MuseuM of CoMpARAtive Zoology 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138 617.495.2460 www.mcz.harvard.edu