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A Great Restlessness: the Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen'

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A Great Restlessness: the Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen' H-HOAC Scully on Johnston, 'A Great Restlessness: The Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen' Review published on Sunday, July 1, 2007 Faith Johnston. A Great Restlessness: The Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2006. xi + 312 pp. $24.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-88755-690-6. Reviewed by Eileen Scully (Social Sciences Division, Bennington College) Published on H-HOAC (July, 2007) All the Beastly Business of Grand Causes Gone Terribly Awry Though covering most of the twentieth century and spanning much of the globe, this biography of "the first communist ever elected to Parliament in Canada" (p. 3) has an oddly narrow and claustrophobic feel to it. The book begins and ends with the author Faith Johnston asking and answering her own questions, putting to rest her own doubts about Dorise Nielsen's credentials as a feminist, wife, mother, activist, Communist Party member, and exemplary Canadian. The book has a conversational tone and is sparing in its citations, both of which make it accessible to readers beyond the academy. Here too, though, one has the sense of a world circumvented rather than circumnavigated, as Johnston seems to fend off ongoing debates among scholars of communism and anticommunism, managing to keep at bay the sort of rigorous intellectual inquiry that apparently gave Nielsen herself such difficulties inside of party circles. Those many and myriad voices signaled by the impressive interview list in the bibliography are barely heard over Johnston's own musings and pronouncements. Her authorial discretion on whom to quote, where, when, and how fully, at times achieves a degree of censorship not even managed by the wartime Defense of Canada Regulations that Nielsen so eloquently deplored. It is a biographical journey that takes readers over tens of thousands of miles and almost one hundred years of world-shaking, world-destroying events, without actually ever budging from the stubborn insistence that Dorise Nielsen, alias Comrade Judy, deserves posthumous honors precisely she was so sincerely wrong about so very much. The main narrative is organized into four large sections, each coinciding with a major phase in Nielsen's life. "Saskatchewan" (pp.13-79) covers Nielsen's birth in 1902 and upbringing in north London, her emigration in the late 1920s to Canada as a teacher under the auspices of a Church of England group, her marriage to a World War I veteran and homesteader, her immersion in Depression-era prairie radicalism, and her election in 1940 to the House of Commons as a representative of North Battleford, Saskatchewan, on the United Progressive (Unity) ticket. During these years, the Nielsens had four children: Christine, Sally, John, and Peter Jr., whose tragic death at eight months in 1930 seems to have acted as a prime mover in his parents' turn to radical solutions that might spare other children and other parents. The second major section of the narrative, "Ottawa" (pp. 83-189), shows Nielsen "Fighting for the West," "Escaping the Net," "Supporting the War," "Parenting," "Working for a New World," and experiencing "Victory and Defeat." "Toronto" (pp. 193-237) takes Nielsen from her defeat in the 1945 general election, to her postwar life as a known, and by then self-identified, Communist living in Toronto, where she worked as a legislative program secretary for the party (by then renamed the Labour Progressive Party), and moved on to serve on a Citation: H-Net Reviews. Scully on Johnston, 'A Great Restlessness: The Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen'. H-HOAC. 01-10-2014. https://networks.h-net.org/node/6077/reviews/7195/scully-johnston-great-restlessness-life-and-politics-dorise-nielsen Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 1 H-HOAC party magazine in various capacities, including publicist, business manager, women's page editor, and contributor. The section shows Nielsen fearful of "the knock on the door" (p. 194), which came in the aftermath of Igor Gouzenko's revelations of high-level Soviet espionage, but only in the form of a request that she appear as a confidential defense witness on behalf of MP Fred Rose, the first Communist Party member elected to the House of Commons as such, i.e., as a declared and known Communist. Further episodes include Nielsen's break with comrade and paramour Bob Paul; her 1948 trip to Budapest and 1949 visit to Moscow; her emergence as an articulate and inspirational feminist and peace advocate in Canadian public life; her 1953 humiliating electoral defeat, and her break with the party over ideological and career-related issues. The final section, "Beijing" (pp. 241-306), takes readers through Nielsen's move via London to China in 1957 under the alias Judy Godefroy, in the company of Dutch mining engineer Constant Godefroy, whose credentials eased the path to official visas and relatively comfortable living quarters. These chapters detail her work there as a teacher, translator, and editor. Further insights about Nielsen's relationships with the men in her life are occasioned by her ups and downs with "Con," a relationship that ended as badly as had earlier unions, but lingered much longer when her efforts to have him deported came to naught. Additional observations about Nielsen's parenting are occasioned in this section by several return visits to Canada, and separate sojourns in China by her two adult daughters, one staying there almost four years before being deported, evidently at her mother's instigation. Through clipped quotes and stilted paraphrase, readers also get some sense of Nielsen's unrelenting dogmatic endorsement of Maoism, as the Chinese revolution twisted and turned in wide ruinous swaths. At the close, we witness Nielsen's long and painful illness, her brief flirtation with suicide, her refusal to impose "all the beastly business" (p. 302) of her old age and demise upon her children, and her very solitary death in late 1980, while her eldest daughter was en route to Beijing, having boarded the first available plane after receiving an urgent cable from Chinese officials. The epilogue describes Nielsen's cremation ceremonies, and then takes readers back to what Faith Johnston has made of these complex events. Johnston came to the research with rather straightforward questions, seeking to ascertain whether Dorise Nielsen had "brought left-wing politics with her from England," or had instead been "provided her political education" by experiences in Saskatchewan (pp. 5-6). Second, in the 1930s, was Nielsen "a communist fellow-traveller or a bona fide member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), as she said she was?" If she did shift allegiance from the CCF to the Communists, when had this occurred, and why? The author explains that "these questions had nothing to do with [her] original feminist historical intentions," and instead left her feeling as if "inhabiting a novel by Le Carré" (p. 6). It evidently became even more complicated than a John Le Carré espionage novel once early research illuminated Nielsen's highly problematic relationships not only with her children, but with the full array of men and women she had encountered over the span of her seventy-eight years. Johnston's understanding of these questions and answers has undergone evident shifts over the last two decades, even if not quite paradigm-size shifts, beginning with the author's earliest graduate school courses, pursued while she was teaching history and economics at an Ottawa school for girls. Coming across Nielsen's name during a trip to the archives, she was fortunate to encounter "a feminist historian familiar with Nielsen's story" (p. 5), who then introduced her to Nielsen's daughters. Conversations and shared documents led to Johnston's unpublished 1986 paper, "Dorise Nielsen: The Making of a Communist," and then her 1989 Carleton University M.A. thesis in women's Citation: H-Net Reviews. Scully on Johnston, 'A Great Restlessness: The Life and Politics of Dorise Nielsen'. H-HOAC. 01-10-2014. https://networks.h-net.org/node/6077/reviews/7195/scully-johnston-great-restlessness-life-and-politics-dorise-nielsen Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 2 H-HOAC studies, entitled: "Dorise Nielsen, The Life and Ideas of a Canadian Woman in Politics."[1] The genealogy of this long-term research project merits mention in a review of the culminating work because it helps illuminate the dilemmas Johnston likely grappled with. To begin with, "Ideas" as a distinct element in the mix seems to have disappeared over the years, and "(Canadian) Politics" has been repositioned from something Nielsen was "in," to a global catchall for her actions, speeches, remarks during parliamentary debates, and select quotations from her correspondence to family, friends, and associates over the decades. What explains this strategic rearrangement? By all reports, Nielsen was a charismatic speaker, quick on the retort during debates and stump speeches. There is little question that her work in Parliament was an important part of the near tidal wave of radical populism coming out of western Canada in the 1930s that compelled the central government to undertake much-needed comprehensive social programs and state agricultural subsidies. So too, Nielsen clearly came into her own in the early postwar years, speaking both powerfully and incisively about structural and cultural impediments against women's advancement on all fronts. Yet even this "sympathetic biography" (book cover) tends largely to confirm the observation made in an October 27, 1941 government surveillance report on Nielsen: "She is short on logic, deductions and facts, but long on emotional appeal, and enjoys a marked success in her role as crusader on behalf of the 'poor down-trodden workingman'" (p.
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