Brevard County, Florida
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Articles
Introduction 1 Brevard County, Florida 1
Northern Brevard Co. 32 Mims, Florida 32 Titusville, Florida 35 Cocoa, Florida 44
Southern Brevard Co. 52 Rockledge, Florida 52 Melbourne, Florida 59 Palm Bay, Florida 74
Military in Brevard Co. 84 45th Space Wing 84 Kennedy Space Center 88 Patrick Air Force Base 97 References Article Sources and Contributors 104 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 105 Article Licenses License 107 1
Introduction
Brevard County, Florida
Brevard County, Florida
Flag
Seal
Location in the state of Florida
Florida's location in the U.S. Founded March 14, 1844
Seat Titusville
Area 1556.95 sq mi (4032 km²) - Total 1018.19 sq mi (2637 km²) - Land 538.76 sq mi (1395 km²), 34.60% - Water
Population 543376 - (2010) 534/sq mi (206.05/km²) - Density
[1] Website www.brevardcounty.us/
Brevard County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida, along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. As of 2007 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, the population is 536,521, making it the 10th most populous county in the state.[2] Influenced by the presence of the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Brevard County is also known as the Space Coast. Brevard County, Florida 2
As such, it was designated with the telephone area code 321 as in 3-2-1 liftoff. The official county seat has been located in Titusville since 1894, although most of the county's administration is performed from Viera. Brevard County has more than one county courthouse and sheriff's office because of its elongated north-south county lines. Hence, government services are not centralized in one location, as they are in many American counties. The county is coextensive with the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) designated by the Office of Management and Budget and used for statistical purposes by the Census Bureau and other agencies. Palm Bay, Melbourne and Titusville are designated as the principal cities of the MSA. The Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa, Florida Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area was first defined in 1973. Cocoa was removed as a principal city in 1983, and Palm Bay was added, with the name changed to Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. The MSA name was changed to its present form in 2003.[3]
History
Precolumbian Further information: Windover Archaeological Site and Crane_Creek_(Melbourne,_Florida)#History The first Paleoindians arrived in the area near Brevard county between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago.[4] The Paleoindians were semi-nomadic people who lived in smaller groups. At the time, the earth was going through its most recent ice age and the climate of the area was much different than it is now;[4] it was similar to that of Great Britain today. The area which today is Brevard County was probably not coastal at this period in time. The coast of Florida was about 100 miles (160 km) wider[4] and the Indian River was simply a lower point on dry land. After a few thousand years, perhaps by around 3000 B.C. peninsular Florida resembled the land of today; in shape, climate, fauna, and flora. The ocean had risen enough to flood the Indian River with salt water.[5] About this time, a new group of settlers appeared known as "the archaic people."[4] [6] These people were primarily fishermen, as opposed to the hunting and gathering way of life which characterized the Paleoindians.[4] It is believed that these were the ancestors of the Native Americans who would come in contact with the Europeans when they arrived.
From Spanish rule to statehood The Ais and the Jaega were the dominant tribes in the area when Ponce De Leon arrived at the shores near Melbourne Beach in 1513.[4] [7] There were about 10,000 of these natives in the area.[8] Heavy mosquito infestation and the threat of Indian attacks kept the area from having any permanent white settlements. The Spanish quickly left the area, but left a deadly reminder of their visit: European diseases. In 1763, the Spanish took the last 80 natives to Cuba.[8] Within 200 years, almost the entire precolumbian population of Florida had died out. Creek Indians from the north quickly swept down from Georgia and the Carolinas to fill the void. These Indians became known as the Seminole. Their activity in Brevard County was intermittent and usually not permanent. Throughout the 18th century, the great European powers Spain, Great Britain and France vied for power in Florida. Their interest in the peninsula was more strategic than for building any real settlements. In contrast to today, where living in Florida means comfort and the "good life" to many people, Florida in the 18th century was seen as a hostile place with dangerous fauna such as poisonous snakes, alligators and panthers. Death by malaria was a possibility and death at the hands of angry Indians seemed even more likely. After being under Spanish, French, British, and then Spanish rule again, Florida finally became a United States territory. Brevard County, Florida 3
In 1837, Fort Ann was established on the eastern shore of the Indian River on a narrow strip of land on Merritt Island.[6] During the construction of the Hernandez-Capron Trail, General Joseph Hernandez and his militiamen encamped near present day Mims.[6] These settlements were short lived and were abandoned shortly thereafter.
Statehood to 1900
In 1845, Florida became the 27th state of the Union. How and when Brevard County was founded and its history in the 19th century is much more complicated. During the 19th century, the state of Florida was constantly changing the names and borders of counties. Indeed, St. Lucia County was split off from Mosquito (later Orange) County in 1844.[9] St. Lucia County was renamed Brevard County in 1856, but this "Brevard County" contained very little of present day Brevard County. Most of present day Brevard north of Melbourne was part of Boathouse, Titusville, Florida 1885. either Volusia or Orange counties.[9] Brevard County in 1856 extended as far west as Polk County and as far south as coastal Broward County. Complicating the discussion of Brevard County in the 19th century is that an early county seat was located at (Port) St. Lucie, which took its name from the original county name and was eventually split off from Brevard to form a new county, St. Lucie County in 1905. Gradually, the borders of Brevard County were shifted northward while the county got "pinched" eastward.[9] The portions of Brevard County in present day Broward and Palm Beach counties were given to Dade County, western areas of the county were given to Polk and Osceola County, and parts of Volusia and Orange Counties were given to Brevard including the eventual county seat of Titusville. Later, the southern portion of the county was cut off to form St. Lucie County, which in turn spawned Martin and Indian River County.[9]
The first permanent settlement in present day Brevard was, without a doubt, established near Cape Canaveral in 1848.[4] After the establishment of a lighthouse, a few families moved in and a small, but stable settlement was born. Gradually, as the threat of Seminole Indian attacks was becoming increasingly unlikely, people began to move into the area around the Indian River. In the 1850s a small community developed at Sand Point which eventually became the city of Titusville.[6] Unlike other areas of Florida, the American Civil War had little effect on Brevard County, other than perhaps slow the movement of settlers to the area. By the 1880s, the cities along the Indian River included Melbourne, Eau Gallie, Titusville, Rockledge, and Cocoa.[4] Unlike cities further inland in Florida, these cities did not have to rely as heavily on roads. The primary way of transversing the county was by water. In 1877 commercial steamboat transportation became a reality as the steamboat Pioneer was brought to the area.[6] The first real boom to the area occurred with the extension of Henry Flagler's Florida East Coast Railroad into the area.[6] The railroad reached Titusville in 1886 and Melbourne in 1894. With the railroad came increased settlement and the first tourists. Brevard County, Florida 4
20th century to present
The advent of the automobile age brought even more growth to Brevard County as resorts and hotels popped up all around the county.[6] As the automobile became increasingly important as a means of transportation, roads connecting Brevard County to the rest of Florida and ultimately the rest of the nation were built. The first major land boom began in the 1920s with the end of World War I.[4] People flooded into the state of Florida as land prices soared, only to bust as the Great Depression temporarily stopped growth in Florida. Before the start of World War II, the Crane Creek, Melbourne circa 1900 largest industries in Brevard were commercial fishing, citrus, and tourism.[10]
In 1940, the Naval Air Station Banana River (now Patrick Air Force Base) was built. This began a new era in the development of Brevard County. Later, in the late 50s, the Long Range Proving Ground was opened.[4] This later became the Kennedy Space Center. This changed the entire complexion of the county; where Brevard had once been considered a "backwoods" area of Florida, it instantly became the launching pad into outer space. What had once been a primarily low-tech farmer/fisherman economy was transformed into a high-tech engineering and computer economy. In 1982, Windover Archaeological Site was discovered. As a very long, but not very wide county, there had been a lot of complaints from people in the southern, more populous side of the county about being so distant from the county seat.[11] A trip to conduct county business in Titusville was 50 miles (80 km) from the most populous city in the county, Palm Bay. There was talk of secession on the southern end of the county,[12] and the county decided to build a new county administration complex at Viera near the geographical center of the county. This complex was started in 1989, and resulted in a counter-threat of secession from the Titusille end of the county.[12] This proposal to form a new county, Playalinda County had some momentum in the early 90s. The county made a few concessions to the people in the northern part of the county, and agreed not to officially move the county seat. Viera; however, is for all intents and purposes the de facto seat of Brevard County. The summer of 1998 produced some of the worst brush fires on record.70000 acres (280 km2; 110 sq mi) were burned.[13] Prior to instituting controlled burns, the county forests and pastures burned for months during the dry season. From the 1940s to the 1970s, the state assumed control of burning that prevented uncontrolled fires.[14] In 2006, the state burned a record 72065 acres (291.64 km2; 112.602 sq mi) in the county.[15] Brevard County, Florida 5
Geography
Geographic features
According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 1556.95 square miles (4032.5 km2), of which 1018.19 square miles (2637.1 km2) (or 65.40%) is land and 538.76 square miles (1395.4 km2) (or 34.60%) is water.,[16] primarily the Atlantic Ocean, the St. Johns River and the Indian River Lagoon. The county is larger in area than Samoa and nearly the same size, and population, as Cape Verde.[17] It is one third of the size of Rhode Island.
Located half-way between Jacksonville, Florida and Miami, Brevard County is an extra-long county, extending 72 miles (116 km) from north to south, but averages 26.5 miles (42.6 km) inland from the seacoast at any point. In marshes in the western part of this county is the source of the St. Johns River. Emphasizing it's position as "halfway" down Florida, is the presence of two roads that are half-way down Florida's numbering system, State Road 50 and State Road 500.
The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway along the eastern edge of Brevard County is the major waterway route in Brevard County. It includes the Indian River. Additional waterways include Lake Washington, Lake Poinsett, Lake Winder, Sawgrass Lake, St. Johns River, and the The Brevard-Volusia county-line Banana River. Brevard County is the sole county in the Palm Bay – Melbourne – Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area (formerly the Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa, Florida Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area and Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area). There is no major urban center.[18] The county is unofficially divided into three section, North County, comprising Titusville, Mims and Port St. John; Central Brevard, which includes Cocoa, Rockledge Merritt Island, and Cocoa Beach; and South County, which includes Melbourne, Palm Bay, Grant, Valkaria, and the South Beaches. The South Beaches is a term that measure direction south from the dividing line of Patrick Air Force Base, and includes South Patrick Shores, Satellite Beach, Indian Harbour Beach, Indialantic, and Melbourne Beach. Additionally, the government has historically labeled the beach areas differently. These names are sometimes ambiguous with those in popular use. The North Reach includes 9.4 miles (15.1 km) in Cape Canaveral and Cocoa Beach. The Patrick Air Force Base beach is 4.1 miles (6.6 km). The Mid Reach includes the 7.6 miles (12.2 km) in Satellite Beach. The South Reach includes the 3.8 miles (6.1 km) in Indialantic and Melbourne Beach. The South Beaches includes 14.5 miles (23.3 km) south of Melbourne Beach to Sebastian.[19] There are 16 municipalities. The largest, by population is Palm Bay, the smallest Melbourne Village.[20] The county has seven canals[21] for transportation and drainage: • Canaveral Barge Canal, Courtenay - transportation • Faulk Canal, Cocoa • Grand Canal, Tropic • Haulover Canal, Mims - transportation • Melbourne Tillman Canal, Melbourne West - drainage • Old Canal, Wilson • C-54 Canal - on the south Brevard County Line - drainage Brevard County, Florida 6
Climate The county has a Koppen climate classification of Cf with a year-round distribution of rainfall. This means a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers.[22] There are distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry lasts from December through May. The wet from June through November. Temperature varies noticeably in this 72 miles (116 km) long, north-to-south, county, particularly in winter. In north county, northern (temperate climate) flora can thrive, like deciduous trees. In the south county, sub-tropical plants can grow, such as royal palm trees.[23] Progressing from west to east, there is a moderating affect from the ocean and, to a lesser extent, from the Indian River; so eastern low temperatures are higher, and high temperatures are lower, than is measured further west. January is the coldest month with an average low of 50.7 °F (10.4 °C); average high 71 °F (22 °C). The warmest months are July and August with average highs of 90 °F (32 °C); average lows 72.2. The driest month is April with 1.6 inches (4.1 cm) rainfall; the wettest September, 6.6 inches (17 cm).[24] Offshore ocean temperatures have averaged: January - 64 °F (18 °C), February - 62 °F (17 °C), March - 67 °F (19 °C) and April - 72 °F (22 °C).[25] Florida is a large subtropical state that experiences hurricanes. Although Brevard county is located along Florida's eastern peninsula, it is less frequently impacted by direct hurricane landfalls than portions of the Panhandle or South Florida. There are two predominant reasons for this. First, westward moving tropical systems often reach an atmospheric ridge weakness in the Bermuda High by the time they approach Florida at a latitude as northerly as Brevard County. Combined with frontal systems that exit the United States' East Coast, many of these tropical systems are steered northwest and eventually curve northward offshore Florida's East Central Coast. A second reason is that hurricanes landfalling along the Florida peninsular Gulf Coast often weaken to a tropical storm by the time they move northeast to affect Brevard County (with some exceptions, such as 2004's Charley). Although Brevardians may refer to past storms as "hurricanes", by the time they strike here, some of them may have subsided to tropical storms or depressions. Because of the threat of storm surge, the beach community on the barrier island is often required to evacuate well in advance of the storm.[26] The possibility of storm surge is diminished when the storm comes across the state instead of from the Atlantic.[27] Tornado-like eddies spinning off from even small storms can result in severe damage in small areas.[28] Generally, summertime tornadoes are brief and are at the EF0 or EF1 level and may not actually touch down. During the dry season, they can attain a force of EF2 and touch the ground for miles.[29] Five hurricanes have directly affected Brevard since 1950: David (September 3, 1979), Hurricane Erin (August 2, 1995) - made landfall near Sebastian Inlet and caused mostly minor wind damage and more extensive flooding countywide, Charley (August 13, 2004) - Caused damage in Titusville and North Brevard. Frances (September 3, 2004) - Struck neighboring Vero Beach, Indian River County directly and caused widespread wind damage throughout Brevard,[30] Jeanne (September 26, 2004) - Struck Vero, directly, following very nearly the same path as Frances. The latter two storms caused widespread damage in South Brevard, and resulted in $2.8 billion in claim payments.[31] Slightly more than half of one percent (0.6%) of houses were lost.[32] The following storms did not affect Brevard County with hurricane force winds: Floyd (September 15, 1999),[33] and Irene (October 16, 1999).[34] Tropical Storm Fay dropped a record rainfall of 27.65 inches (70.2 cm) in 2008.[35] The winter of 2009-2010 was the coldest on record since 1937 when records were first kept.[36] Planting season, which normally starts around February 14, came instead, six weeks later.[37] Some flowers and herbs are planted as early as January.[38] December 2010 was the coldest December on record.[39] Brevard County, Florida 7
Environment
Brevard works together with the federal and state government to control pollution and preserve wetlands and coastal areas through lands dedicated to conservation and wildlife protection. There are 250 square miles (650 km2) of federally protected wildlife refuges.[40] These lands include Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, the Canaveral National Seashore, the St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge, the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, several conservation areas managed by the St. Johns River Water Management District, Brevard County's Environmentally Endangered Lands Pine flatwoods and sand pine scrub Program Sanctuaries,[41] and lands dedicated by the State as conservation areas.
Adjacent counties • Volusia County, Florida - north • Indian River County, Florida - south • Osceola County, Florida - southwest • Orange County, Florida - west • Seminole County, Florida - northwest
Fauna There are 4,000 species of animals locally.[42] Common mammals include: North American river otters, bobcats, whitetail deer, raccoons and marsh rabbits.[43] Coyotes first entered the county in 2011.[44] Love bug season occurs twice annually in May and August–September. Motorists, usually, encounter swarms of these while driving during a four week period.[45] [46] Yellow flies are particularly noticeable from April through June.[47] There were 596 manatees in Brevard in 2009, out of a total of 3,802 in the state. This is a decline from 2007 when there was a total of 859 out of a state total of 2,817.[48] Wild hogs have become a nuisance in some suburbs..[49] The poisonous brown recluse spider is not native to the area but has found the environment congenial.[50] The Florida Butterfly Monitoring Network has counted species of butterflies monthly for a year since 2007. In 2010, it counted 45 species.[51]
Avian Turkey vultures, a migrating species, are protected by federal law. They migrate north in the summer and return in September.[52] The county's most common winter bird is the lesser scaup, a diving duck. In 2008, half a million were counted. In 2010, 15,000 were estimated.[53] Local bird counts indicate that there are at least 163 species of birds in the county.[54] Other birds include the Red-shouldered Hawk,[55] and the loggerhead shrike.[56] Peak migration in the fall is from the last week in September through the first week in October. Fall migration tends to be stronger than spring because birds typically take different flyways.[57] Brevard County, Florida 8
Flora Live oak trees, various grasses and juniper plants were sufficiently common to generate pollen noticeable by some people in February.[58] Native trees include: fringetree, coral bean, sweet acacia, and geiger tree.[59] Fringetree, Coral bean, Firebush, Beautyberry Coral honeysuckle, and Blanket flower.[60] Native plants include: Cabbage Palm, Sea Grape, Red Mulberry, Purslane, Dandelion, Spanish Bayonet, Blackberry, Jerusalem Artichoke, Dogwood, and Gallberry.[61]
Demographics
Historical populations Census Pop. %±
1860 246 —
1870 1216 394.3%
1880 1478 21.5%
1890 3401 130.1%
1900 5158 51.7%
1910 4717 −8.5%
1920 8505 80.3%
1930 13283 56.2%
1940 16142 21.5%
1950 23653 46.5%
1960 111435 371.1%
1970 230006 106.4%
1980 272959 18.7%
1990 398978 46.2%
2000 476320 19.4%
2010 543376 14.1%
[62] [63] [64]
The county grew by 14% between 2000 and 2010 to 543,376 people. West Melbourne grew by78%, unincorporated Suntree/Viera by 81%. Beachside, there was a drop in population. Hispanics doubled during the decade. The black population grew by 37%. Non-Hispanic whites rose by 6%.[65] As of the census[66] of 2000, there were in the county: • People - 476,230 people • Families - 132,394 • population density - 181/km² (468/sq mi) • Housing units - 222,072 • Average housing density - 84/km² (218/sq mi) The population grew about 50,000 between 2000 and 2005. From 2005 to 2009, it grew by about 10,000. This helped lead the county to a housing bubble crisis since homes were built to accommodate a larger population. From Brevard County, Florida 9
2007 through 2010, the population has been essentially static.[67] The county's population is larger than that of the state of Wyoming. The racial makeup of the county was: • White - 84.81% • Black or African American - 10.40% • Hispanic or Latino - 4.61%. A plurality of Hispanics, 40%, are of Puerto Rican descent.[68] • two or more races - 1.77% • Asian - 1.50% • other races - 1.09% • Native American - 0.37% • Pacific Islander - 0.06% There were 198,195 households out of which 26.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.00% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.20% were non-families. 26.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.84. The population was distributed as follows: 22.00% under the age of 18, 6.80% from 18 to 24, 27.10% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 19.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males. In 2007, 30% of the population was over 55.[69] In 2010, the oldest person in the county was a 110 year old Titusville man.[70] In 2009, there were 5,172 births in the county.[71] In 2009, two percent of the people in the county are over 85.[72] In 2009, there were 130,508 people 60 and over in the county.[73] 9.50% of the population and 6.80% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 13.00% of those under the age of 18 and 6.50% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. In 2010, 10% were living in poverty compared with 13% statewide.[74] In 2005, the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consists solely of Brevard County, was estimated to stand 91st in population out of 263 in the country.[75] In 2006, the county stood 10th in population in the state, out of 67.[76] The increase in population from 2000 was 11.8%, less than the Florida average of 12.7%. In 2010, 90% of residents had a high school degree, compared with 85% statewide.[74] In 2009, 25.7% of residents had an undergraduate degree, below the national average of 27.7%,[77] but the same as the rest of Florida.[74] 14.7% of residents over 25 had undergraduate degrees in engineering. This is almost twice the national average.[78] According to the 2000 census, the county had about 80,000 veterans. 21% of the population older than 18 is a veteran.[79] This had dropped to 74,000 in 2010. This was 21% of the people in the county.[80] An actual count by a local agency in 2010 indicated that 225 of veterans were homeless.[81] In 2007, a local census by volunteer counted 1,899 homeless residents.[82] In the 1950s, the county population was just under 24,000. In 1960, just over 111,000. In 1969, at the height of the space program, it was 234,000.[83] In 2010, about 5% of Brevardians speak Spanish at home.[74] In 2010, 8% of Brevardians were born outside of the US, compared with 19% for Florida.[74] Brevard County, Florida 10
Religion In 2000, the following were counted by denomination:[84] • Catholics 79,847 • Evangelical Protestant 59,301 • Mainline Protestant 35,901 • Other 8,663 • Orthodox 2,804 • Unclaimed 289,714
Government Brevard county commissioners are elected by the public to establish ordinances and policies for the county. The Commission appoints a County Manager, who executes the will of the Commission. The county employed about 2,900 workers in 2009.[85] There are 16 autonomous municipal governments within the county. The various cities, towns and villages of Brevard have varying reliance on services provided by the Brevard County government. A centrally located County Government Center in Viera houses the various county government branches, including Housing and Human Services, Juvenile Justice, Public Safety, Public Works and Solid Waste Management. The Brevard County government had annual expenditures just over $1 billion in the fiscal year 2009-2010, exclusive of the municipalities.[86] In 2009, real estate taxes for homesteaded property averaged .83% of the value of the property.[87] Real estate taxes are levied by each authority. They are collected by the County Tax Collector.[88] The total taxable real estate base was $33.7 billion in 2009.[89] County taxes rose 26.5% in total per capita revenue from 2002–2007, and 49.8% in property tax per capita in the same time frame.[90] Delinquent taxes were $36 million in 2008.[91] Brevard County has two unique election districts. One governs Port Canaveral; the other, the maintenance of the Sebastian Inlet.
Elected officials
County Commissioners: District 1 - Robin Fisher[92] District 2 - Chuck Nelson[93] District 3 - Trudie Infantini[92] District 4 - Mary Bolin District 5 -Andy Anderson[92] County Manager - Howard Tipton[94] Brevard County Cumulative Percent Growth since 1997
Commissioners were paid $58,308 annually in 2011.[95] The following are considered state officials but are elected and paid by the county: Sheriff - J.R. "Jack" Parker Clerk of the Courts - Mitch Needelman. The clerk's office had 323 workers, including subcontractors.[96] Brevard Property Appraiser - Jim Ford Tax Collector - Lisa Cullen [97] Supervisor of Elections - Lori Scott [98] Brevard County, Florida 11
State Attorney - Norm Wolfinger Public Defender - James F. Russo Brevard County lies within Florida's 24th congressional district which seat is held by Sandy Adams and within Florida's 15th congressional district which seat is held by Bill Posey. The county lies within two state senatorial districts, 24 and 25. They are held by Thad Altman and Mike Haridopolos. The county lies within five state representative districts, 29 through 32 and 80. These seats are held by Tom Goodson, Rich Workman, John Tobia, Steve Crisafulli, and Debbie Mayfield.
Justice system
Courts
The county has centralized most county and circuit courts in Viera which try a variety of cases including felonies, misdemeanors, traffic, and domestic. An elected State's Attorney prosecutes cases for the public. Defendants can be represented through the auspices of the office of the elected Public Defender. The 18th Circuit Court includes Seminole as well as Brevard and covers not only the court itself but the State's Attorney and the Public Defender.[99]
The County elects a sheriff, directly responsible to the courts but also Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Justice Center in to the state for the enforcement of state laws. Police chiefs, appointed Viera by their cities or towns, perform the same function locally. There is no overlap in jurisdictions. Some volunteers work alongside paid professionals.[100] Most municipalities are located on at least one waterway. This has resulted in the county and seven cities to have a boat or access to one to aid boaters, or enforce the law in the water in their jurisdiction.[101] The county jail is a 1976 facility which rapidly became overcrowded. Voters rejected expanding the jail on four occasions.[102] The sheriff solved the problem by the construction of a large but less expensive "hardened tent" to house non-violent offenders. Crowding reached its peak in 2007 at 1,988 inmates, 300 over capacity. The budget for the facility was $42 million in 2010. There were 1,585 residents. Costs for feeding and housing was $72 per inmate daily. There were 475 staff members.[103] The county jail retains prisoners who have been sentenced to a year or less. Longer sentences must be served in state prisons, such as the facility in Sharpes for young men. A unit of the Coast Guard, homeported at Port Canaveral, plays a role in preventing illegal immigration, and is an interdictor of drugs in the area. The State's Attorney's Office sponsors the Victim/Witness Services.[104] This provides advocates to victims of violent crime and their families. The advocate helps the family understand the legal system as they navigate through it. They also seek out financial assistance or counseling they might need. In 2005 they helped 8,448 victims in Brevard County. Brevard County, Florida 12
Public services
Public safety Public safety for unincorporated areas of the county is the responsibility of the Brevard County Sheriff's Office. All but three of the 17 incorporated municipalities, Malabar, Cape Canaveral and Palm Shores, maintain their own law enforcement services. Those three contract that service to the Sheriff's Office.[105] In 2009, there were 1,200 law enforcement officers working in the county, of which 361 are sheriff's deputies.[106] Of all crime that came to the attention of the sheriff's office in 2007, 80% was drug-related.[107] From January to June 2009, the county reported a total of 10,037 crimes. Of these, a majority, 3.002, were under the jurisdiction of the sheriff's department.[108] In 2009, the crime rate was 3,471.3 property-related crimes per 100,000 residents, slightly above the national average.[77] Public safety for Port Canaveral is under the direction of the Port Authority. Traditionally, emphasis was placed on monitoring the content of containerized cargo on incoming ships, as well as underwater inspection of arriving ships that could be carrying explosive devices. In 2008, the Canaveral Port Authority Board of Commissioners approved the creation of an independent police department.[109] [110] In 2004, hurricanes destroyed one in every hundred homes in the South County area. Within two blocks of the beach nearly every building sustained some damage. Barefoot Bay, a mobile housing development, was essentially destroyed.[111] Winds tore off the roof of a shelter for special needs people in an elementary school.[112] Emergency Workers were forced to evacuate these people at the peak of the storm. Evacuation routes were insufficient to handle the resulting heavy traffic westbound when an emergency was declared. A major westbound route (US 192) was expanded in 2008 to four lanes to accommodate the south Brevard population.[113]
Public recreation
More than 200 parks, 3 campgrounds, and 6 public golf courses in the county are managed by local government agencies.[114] [115] In 11 sanctuaries that protect natural ecosystems, the county's Environmentally Endangered Lands (EEL) Program offers passive recreation opportunities such as hiking, wildlife viewing, biking and paddling. The Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge[116] and the Canaveral [117] National Seashore are 2 national wildlife refuges in the county that Boardwalk over wetlands area at Chain of Lakes offer recreational pursuits such as hiking, wildlife viewing, paddling, in Titusville and environmental education.
Social services Brevard County tries to provide a number of services to help the aged, juveniles, the physically and mentally handicapped, and minorities.
Elections Brevard County, Florida 13
Presidential elections results
Year Republican Democratic Other 2008 54.5% 44.2% 1.3% 2004 57.7% 41.6% 0.8% 2000 52.8% 44.6% 1.8% 1996 45.1% 41.2% 13.6% 1992 43.2% 31.2% 25.6% 1988 70.3% 28.8% 0.9%
Registration In 2010, there were 154,057 registered Republicans, 130,214 registered Democrats, and 73,549 other.[118] Voter turnout in 2010 was 55.8%, the second lowest in 28 years.[119]
Economy The county Domestic Product was $14.5 billion in 2009.[120] In 2010 and 2011, the Brookings Institution reported that Brevard ranked in the bottom fifth of the nation's top metro areas, based on unemployment, gross metropolitan product, housing prices and foreclosed properties.[121] Foreclosures reached a monthly high of 963 in March 2009.[122] In December 2010, Forbes magazine rated the area the worst place in America to find a job.[123] Government purchasing contributed 12%-15% of the county's gross domestic product from 2000 to 2010.[124] Though the area has a relatively small number of high technology companies, 736, a business journal ranked it eighth in the country as a high tech center in 2009. The area had 23,096 high-tech jobs with a ratio of 124 per 1,000 total jobs.[125] In December 2010, Forbes magazine ranked the area as the worst in the country for finding a job, for the second time in 2010.[126]
Personal income As of the census of 2000: • Median income for a family - $47,571 • Median income for males - $36,542 • Median income for females - $24,632 • Per capita income - $21,484. The county has the 17th highest per capita income in the state (out of 67). • Median income for a household - $40,099 • In 2005, the median income for a household had risen to $43,281[127] The county ranked 17th for per capita income, out of Florida's 67 counties. The following were below the poverty line in 2000: • Families - 6.80% • Total population - 9.50% • Under age 18 - 13.00% • Age 65 or older - 6.50% In 2011, almost 70,000 people in the county were receiving food stamps.[128] There were 5,600 civilian government workers in the county. They earned an average of $74,000 each in 2009.[129] Brevard County, Florida 14
38% (84,401) households in the county received social security payments in 2009 averaging $16,136 for a total of $1.7 billion annually. 24% (53,717) received pension payments averaging $24,327 for a total of $1.3 billion annually.[130]
Housing In 2011, the county was rated 6th worst in the country for foreclosures. There were 1,039 for the third quarter of 2010. Nearly half the homes in the county were worth less than their mortgages. The average home has dropped 53.4% since the peak of the boom.[131] Monthly foreclosures exceeded 746 from January 2009 through October. Maximum monthly home sales were less than 584 during that time frame, creating an accumulating backlog of unsold homes.[132] In 2010, there were 15,000 more vacant homes than the economy could absorb; the population was not growing.[124] Nearly 44,943 new houses were built from 2000 through 2009. This was enough to house 112,000 people. However, only 60,000 people moved into the county, leaving the remaining homes vacant and helping to precipitate bursting the United States housing bubble.[133] In 2000, there were 198,195 households in the county and 222,072 units for a occupancy rate of 89.1%. Between 2000 and 2009, more than twice as many houses were built than were needed. Nearly 47,000 houses were built, but the number of households increased by 22,000, dropping the occupancy rate to 81.9%.[134] Housing vacancy rate hit a high of 18.8% in 2007. The number of households renting hit a low of 48,528 in 2005. Median monthly rent hit a high of $907 in 2008. In 2009, 73% of Brevard households owned the house they lived in. The national rate was 65.9%.[134] The county's median home price reached a high in August 2005 at $248,700.[135] New home permits fell in 2007 to 1,894, the lowest since 1982.[136] Sales of existing homes fell 19% in 2007 from the prior year to 373 monthly. The median drop in home prices was 50% from 2005 to 2008, from $248,700 to $125,200. However, when choices for smaller homes was eliminated, prices on individual homes fell 25%; down 33% for individual condos.[137] In 2000, the median sale price of homes in Brevard was $100,000. With the collapse in the housing bubble, homes now are often about the same price, with median homes in 2009 selling for $89,400.[138] In November 2010, the number of sales and prices of existing homes rose from the previous year. This was the first rise in 4 1/2 years.[139] The average house sold for $87,700 in February 2011.[140] In a separate study, a consulting firm determined that house prices in the county were 46.1% overvalued in 2005 at $212,000 average. The same firm determined that prices were 19.3% undervalued in 2008 at $129,400.[141] The average price in December 2009, fell to a new recent low of $104,100. In January 2010, sales dropped to 434 monthly, also a recent low.[142] In 2008, a number of mortgage insurers blackmarked Brevard, along with a quarter of the total nations zip codes. This was intended to thwart potential buyers who wish to pay less than 20% down on a home.[143] After various insurance companies pulled out of Florida after hurricane losses, property insurance became a major concern for many homeowners. In 2011, 32,000 Brevard policyholders insure with the state-owned Citizens Property Insurance Corporation.[144] In 2009 an economist said that the Brevard housing market will not recover until at least 2011.[145] [146] A later analysis in 2009 seemed to agree, saying that the market would fall 41.4% to bottom out by the end of 2010.[147] The average non-foreclosed house sold for $143,000 in 2010, down from $147,000 in 2009. The average foreclosed house sold for $70,000 down from $81,000 in 2009. 25% of the houses sold in 2010 had been foreclosed. Total foreclosures rose from 2,200 in 2009 to 4,100 in 2010.[148] In 2008 Brevard expected to have 100,000-300,000 more people by 2020, an increase of 60%. In 2008, there were 1,550 permits for residential projects valued at $355.45 million. That is the lowest number of filings since 1975.[149] The lowest number of building permits was in 2009, 937. The highest was in 2005, 8,663.[150] Brevard County, Florida 15
Annual foreclosures rose from a low of 1,144 in 2005 to 9,228 in 2008.[151] From 2007 to March 2010, there were 25,600 foreclosure filings.[152] In 2010, it was found that 1/3 or more of real estate sales were due to foreclosures.[153] In 2010 Kiplinger.com rated the county one of five "best" places in America to retire. Factors evaluated included cost-of-living, weather, the number of doctors, taxes, crime rates and recreational opportunities.[154]
Communities Three communities have either decided or are considering placing electric lines most vulnerable to high winds, underground despite the high cost. Cape Canaveral and Satellite Beach have declared a moratorium on converting commercially zoned areas to residential. The company developing West Viera gained state permission and county acquiescence to create a self-governing board that could raise taxes and sell bonds to pay for roads, water lines, pumping stations and other infrastructure needed to support the construction of 16,500 houses, apartments and condominiums. The company proved that development could fund itself.
Industry The Brevard economy has been driven by Trade, Transportation and Utilities (18%), Professional and Business Services (17%), Total government (15%), Education and Health (14%), Manufacturing (12%), Leisure and hospitality (10%), Construction (6%), Financial (4%). The number of people working in construction dropped from 2,630 in 2005 to 1,420 in 2010.[155] In 2005, Inc. Magazine voted the Space Coast as the best place to do business in Florida and sixth in the country. In 2004, Brevard County ranked 13th out of 318 largest counties in the US for increase in the number of jobs. The county moved from 70 to 31 out of the top 200 metropolitan areas "Best Performing." This improvement was driven mainly by job growth. Port Canaveral is the world's busiest cruise port. It is served by seven cruise lines. They have six major cruise terminals. There is 750000 square feet (70000 m2) of covered freight storage capacity. It handled 4000000 short tons ( t) of cargo in 2004. The port has boosted Brevard's economy by $500 million annually. American City Business Journals rated Brevard 7th for quality of life out of 67. Two hospitals were among the top five private employers in the county. Together employing 8,850 in 2009.[89] In 2008, 14,865 workers were employed at the NASA/Kennedy Space Center. The Center directly spent $1.82 billion in the county.[89] A concern has been the probable re-assignment of thousands of space coast workers when the shuttle is discontinued in 2010. In 2010, 9,000 jobs were expected to be lost from the shuttle and other programs.[156] Each launch contributed $4 million to the county's economy. Annually,$78 million is spent at the Space Center Visitor's Complex, and $5.9 million from space business visitors.[157] Harris Corporation, headquarters in the county, has the most employees in the private sector, 6,700 in 2009.[89] Two locally headquartered builders, Mercedes Homes and Holiday were among the top 30 in the nation. Mercedes had $1 billion in sales in 2004. The Cocoa Redevelopment Center has worked on programs to improve housing in the city's older areas. Inc. magazine selected two local small companies as among the fastest growing in the country over the past 3 years - Applied Global Technology (nearly 100% annually) and Stops (nearly 200% annually). Though the area has a relatively small number of high technology companies, 736, a business journal ranked it eighth in the country as a high tech center in 2009. The area had 23,096 high-tech jobs with a ratio of 124 per 1,000 Brevard County, Florida 16
total jobs.[158] The county had 1,050 restaurants in 2007 and nearly that many (1,040) in 2010. There were 22.600 leisure and hospitality workers in the county in 2006. This figures includes hotel workers. That figure had dropped 8.5% to 20,700 in 2010.[159]
Military Military installations in Brevard County include Patrick Air Force Base, near Satellite Beach, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), adjacent to the Kennedy Space Center, and the U.S. Air Force Malabar Test Facility on Minton Road in suburban Palm Bay. In 2009, they employed a total of 2,000 civilian federal workers.[129] The Navy maintains a Trident turning basin at Port Canaveral for Ballistic Missile Submarines. The Naval Ordnance Test Unit (NOTU) tests weapons on these subs which arrive at the rate of one a month. The 2005 Base closures included realigning NOTU out of state. The community was successful in getting this decision revoked. CCAFS houses the Air Force Space & Missile Museum as Launch Complex 26, where many unmanned rockets were launched early in the U.S. space program including Explorer 1, the first US spacecraft placed in earth orbit. The Cape Canaveral Navy League council supports the Sea Services by adopting ships and units of the Navy and Coast Guard. It also provides a means for civilians to socialize with the officers and crew of allied Navies when they visit port. Northrup Grumman develops the military JSTARS electronics surveillance system used in all major US conflicts since 1990. The USS Brevard (AK-164) was a World War II Alamosa-class naval cargo ship that was decommissioned shortly after the war.
Agriculture 23% of Brevard County is agricultural-usable for citrus, raising cattle or horses. Cattle ranches include the Deseret and Duda Ranches; citrus growers include Victory Groves and Harvey's Indian River Groves. The county ranked 21 out of 24 Florida counties in the shipment of gift fruit. In 2009, aquaculture was a $900,000 business in the county.[160] The county produces more than 25% of all blue crabs along Florida's East Coast.[161] There are 40 4-H related clubs in the county including livestock- and pet-related and after school clubs.[162] As in all Cooperative extension service, a land grant college, the University of Florida, conducted over 60 courses in 2010 in aid of 4-H programs and other agricultural pursuits.[163] In February 2010, the USDA declared that Brevard, along with of 59 other Florida counties, was a "primary natural disaster area." This happened when the temperature falls below 28 °F (−2 °C)c degrees for 4 hours, where crops are being grown.[160]
Tourism In 2008, tourists spent $2.89 billion in the county. This is distributed in several categories: lodging $839 million, eating and drinking $509 million, Kennedy Space Center $597 million, Retail sales $450 million, entertainment $120 million, and Port Canaveral $109 million.[164] Brevard tourists come mainly from ten states: Florida itself is first, followed by Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Virginia, Wisconsin, Georgia, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania. The five primary sources of foreign visitors are: Canada, England, Germany, China and Italy.[165] 1.6 million people visited the Space Center Visitor Complex in 2008.[89] Tourism, measured by the tourist tax, reached a peak in March 2007.[166] In 2009, there were 2.4 million overnight visitors in the county. There were 1.2 million day visitors.[167] Brevard competes with other Florida areas for tourists. A number of organizations help promote the area. Brevard County, Florida 17
The Space Coast Office of Tourism consists of county staff and the Brevard County Tourist Development Council (TDC). They attempt to attract tourists. The TDC serves as an advisory council to the county on the expenditures of revenues received from a tourist tax. This revenue is spent on beach improvements, visitor information centers and website,[168] promotion and advertising, the Brevard Zoo, additional beach improvements and the Space Coast Stadium. In 1964, the Colt 45s started spring training at Cocoa Stadium. The team later became the Houston Astros. The team left the county in 1985. They were succeeded by the Florida Marlins at Viera in 1993. $97.7 million has been spent on beach replenishment in the county between 2000-2010. This was funded 58% by the federal government, 27% by the state and 15% by the county.[169] In 2008 monthly tourist tax revenue slumped from a high of $1,174,742 in March to a seasonal low in September of $432,145.[170] In 2004, Brevard experienced its best October and November tourism until then, despite widespread hurricane damage and loss of five beachside hotels. Four of these hotels were restored by 2006. In 2008, the county had 11,000 hotel rooms available. In July 2007, there was a 66.1% occupancy rate.[171] In 2008, the county had a nearly identical 81%+ occupancy rate in March and April. This fell to a seasonal low of 42.3% in September.[172] In January 2010, the average hotel room rate was $88.25.[173] Cocoa Main Street, a member of the Florida and National Main Street Programs, works toward restoring business sites in the historic area known as "Cocoa Village." Cocoa Main Street has received six Florida Main Street Awards given by the Secretary of State. The restored area is a tourist attraction and an economic magnet.[174] Melbourne Main Street is another historic business area and tourist attraction restored through the Main Street Programs.[175] Brevard has five judged art festivals annually attracting tens of thousands of people to art displays. Most festivals are held in the spring or fall when many tourists can attend. Many other annual festivals are held in parks and public sites throughout the year. The Brevard Cultural Alliance (BCA) maintains an event calendar[176] and a map of sites of historic, cultural, and ecological interest.[177] An annual February Greek Festival had over 8,000 visitors in 2011.[178] For Brevard County businesses, fishing tournaments, such as the Wal-Mart FLW Redfish Series tournament in August, bring more than $2.5 million a year in direct spending and more in indirect spending. Tournaments provide a revenue source for the county and local businesses. The annual Grant Seafood Festival attracts as many as 50,000 people for the two day February event. It is the Southeast's largest and longest running seafood festival.[179] The Globe Sebastian Inlet Pro surfing contest, on the county line, draws 16,000 visitors the second weekend in January. An ice skating rink in Rockledge serves the county's residents and visitors with hockey and figure skating events.[180] The largest home in Brevard is the 50-room 19000 square feet (1800 m2) mansion in Suntree built in 1991 and once owned by Cecil Fielder.[181] In 2009, recreational boat owners generated almost $51 million annually towards the county economy, ranking the industry fifth in the state.[182] Brevard County, Florida 18
Competitiveness In 2010 a local group compared the county against four other "peer" cities:Austin, Texas, Colorado Springs, Colorado, Huntsville, Alabama, and Raleigh, North Carolina. It evaluated nine areas: business dynamism/vitality, competitiveness, education, economic growth, economic prosperity, livability, productivity/labor supply, technology and innovation/work force. While the county does well against national figures, and scored high in livability, it usually ranked last against these "peers" in the other eight areas.[77] In 2009, the county had 13 patents per 1,000 workers, more than double the national average of 6.4 patents per 1,000.[77] In 2009, Forbes ranked the county 18th out of 100 MSAs and first out of 8 metros in Florida for affordable housing, and short commute times, among others.[183] In August 2009, Florida Trend rated two Brevard companies, Harris Corporation[184] and Health First Health Plans,[185] in their rankings of the best places to work in Florida. In May 2009, the Palm Bay-Melbourne area was ranked as the #8 tech center in the United States by Bizjournals. It overcame its low number of total high-tech companies and jobs by having a high number of jobs per high tech company (#4) and high tech jobs compared to total private-sector jobs (#2).[186] The Milken institute ranked Brevard number one, out of 200 largest metropolitan areas, in overall job growth for 2005. Forbes magazine ranked Melbourne 2nd out of 150 metropolitan areas in the US, for the percentage of the population that are engineers, 6.6%, just ahead of Silicon Valley. Brevard County's unemployment rate fell to a record low 2.8% in December 2005. It reached a maximum employment of 254,514 in 2006.[187] In 2006, Forbes magazine named Harris Corporation, headquartered in Brevard, to its "Platinum 400" List. The Technological Research and Development Authority, based on the Space Coast, delivers technologies to schools and small businesses throughout the State of Florida. They obtain this information through strategic alliances with NASA, the federal government, the aerospace industry and state partners. They also sponsor a business incubator at the Melbourne Airport. The National Association of Realtors reported that existing homes prices in Brevard rose 33% annually the third quarter of 2005, the sixth highest metropolitan area in the nation (out of 147). There was a slight decrease in existing home prices the last quarter of 2005. In January 2005, CNN/Money ranked the homes in "Palm Bay", perhaps referring to all of the Space Coast, as "49% overvalued" and within 10% of the most overvalued homes in the United States. In 2005, the Sunrise Bank of Cocoa Beach became the first bank in the state to have a mobile branch. The largest hotel in Brevard has 284 rooms and 30000 square feet (2800 m2) of meeting space.[188]
Labor Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the largest employer in the county with 15,000 contractors and civil servants.[189] While there is concern about the new generation of space vehicles requiring 1/3 fewer workers, about that number were eligible for retirement by 2011. In 2009, there were 6,400 federal workers, total, employed in the county. They earned an average of $74,600.[190] Unions represented at KSC include American Federation of Government Employees, International Association of Machinists and International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. Brevard County Teachers are represented by the Brevard Federation of Teachers (AFT). Brevard County, Florida 19
In 2009, average annual salaries in the county for engineers was $90,563; registered nurses $53,315; education $49,441; police officers $43,035; cooks $21,569; and cashiers $19,489. The average annual pay for all workers was then $42,411.[191] In 2011, there were more engineers (48) per thousand workers than any other region in the United States.[192] In 2005, the Next Generation Consulting for Leadership Brevard, a leadership development organization for local business and civic groups, and Brevard Tomorrow commissioned a survey of people 21-44. Basically, these people often found the area "boring", mainly because it is family-friendly at the expense of being singles-friendly. While this may have labor repercussions later, currently business is having no problems hiring. The county had an unemployment rate of 12.7% in January 2010, a 20-year record high.[193] In March 2010, there were 33, 500 people out of work.[152] The county experienced a record low unemployment in 2005 of 2.8%.[194] There were 32,608 people unemployed in the county in January 2011.[195] In early 2005, Forbes ranked the area 27th in job growth out of 150 metropolitan areas in the country. The county ranked 18th in the nation for mid-sized areas in 2006.[196] Manpower Employment Outlook Survey said the hiring outlook in Brevard for the last quarter of 2005 was the 19th-best in the nation among the 470 communities participating in the survey. 2004 Hurricane recovery helped the area achieve high employment. There were 168,500 private sector jobs in the county in 2009. The Bureau of Labor Statistics counted the following workers in Brevard along with average annual pay ($): Retail 25,900 ($23,361), Manufacturing 21,700 ($65,521), Local government 20,100 ($42,517) and Hospitality 19,600 ($15,857). The largest local employer is Brevard Public Schools with 9,500 of whom 5,000 are teachers.[197]
Banking In 2007, the Space Coast Credit Union was the largest locally based financial institution in Brevard County and the third largest credit union in the state of Florida with assets of over $3 billion.[198] [199] In 2011, Wells Fargo with $1.9 billion in local deposits, had 26% share of the business; SunTrust $1.3 billion, 17%; Bank of America $1.2 billion, 16%; Regions Bank $408 million, 5%; JPMorgan Chase $379 million, 5%.[200]
Health The Brevard Alzheimer's Foundation is unique for being a local organization only. It has three adult daycare service locations and often provides transportation and funding.[201] The Space Coast Early Intervention Center is a nationally recognized not-for-profit pre-school and therapeutic center that offers care and aids with the development of small children with special needs.[202] Children are treated and educated with the specific goal of mainstreaming children diagnosed with the following into public school: Down syndrome, William's syndrome, Cerebral palsy, Deletion syndrome, PDDs including Rett syndrome, Autism, and Apert syndrome, as well as children with visual, speech and hearing delays. Health Outreach Prevention & Education (HOPE) is a network of community partners working together to provide care for people without insurance, and for children with special needs. This network includes hospitals. Brevard introduced (2005-6) a Federally approved experimental Medicaid program which puts volunteering 60+ years olds in an HMO-like organization in order to save money. The non-profit Circles of Care provides mental health programs to Brevard.[203] Dialing 2-1-1 in the county gives response to people in crisis and/or needing information about community resources.[204] Space Coast Center for Independent Living offers over-all services for individuals with all types of disabilities: Peer support, advocacy, skills training, accessibility surveys, support groups, transportation, specialized equipment and Brevard County, Florida 20
sign language interpreter coordination services.[205] Additional program for high school students for career development. There are ten hospitals in the county, with 1,734 beds total.[206] Health First is the largest healthcare provider in the county consisting of three not-for-profit hospitals—Cape Canaveral Hospital in Cocoa Beach, Holmes Regional Medical Center in Melbourne, and Palm Bay Community Hospital in Palm Bay. Besides hospitalization, services include outpatient centers; the county's only trauma center; home care; specialized programs for cancer, diabetes, heart, stroke, and rehabilitative services; central Brevard's largest medical group; three fitness centers; and Medicare Advantage, commercial POS, and commercial HMO health plans. Health First tries to integrate quality healthcare services with state-of-the-art technology.[207] Harmony Farms runs "Horses and the Handicapped", a therapeutic riding program located on the Duda Ranch in Viera.[208] Parrish Medical Center, a 210-bed hospital, has been named America's No. 1 Healing Hospital for the third straight year by the Baptist Healing Trust.[209] Health care services tend to cost more in Brevard than Orlando or the statistical average in Florida. A nursing home private room averaged $79,023 annually, semi-private $74,643, private one-bedroom assisted living $39,000. A home health aide, medicare-certified was $88,660 was substantially higher than the Florida average of $51,480. Adult day care (44 hours) was cheaper at $12,870 annually as was a home health aide "licensed-only" $38,896.[210] According to 2007 health risk data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Brevard County (Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville MSA) is tied for fourth highest among all Micro- and Metropolitan Statistical Areas in percentage of heavy drinkers.[211]
Cities and towns
Incorporated • City of Cape Canaveral • City of Cocoa • City of Cocoa Beach • Town of Grant-Valkaria • Town of Indialantic • City of Indian Harbour Beach • Town of Malabar • City of Melbourne • Town of Melbourne Beach • Town of Melbourne Village • City of Palm Bay (formerly Tillman) • Town of Palm Shores • City of Rockledge • City of Satellite Beach • City of Titusville • City of West Melbourne Brevard County, Florida 21
Unincorporated
• Angel City • Courtenay • Kennedy Space Center • Mims • Suntree • Aurantia • Eau Gallie • June Park • Patrick Air Force Base • Tropic • Barefoot Bay • Floridana Beach • Lotus • Pineda • Viera • Bellwood • Indianola • Melbourne Shores • Port St. John • Canaveral Groves • Merritt Island • Scottsmoor • Cocoa West • Micco • Sharpes • Shiloh • South Patrick Shores
Former place names There are place names currently used, or used at one time by the USGS. Some are early developments, others are former stations along the main line of the Florida East Coast Railway. Several of these disappeared when Kennedy Space Center took over their area.
Education Higher education is provided by Brevard Community College (BCC), and Florida Institute of Technology. There are satellite campuses for the University of Central Florida, Barry University, Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University, Keiser University, and Webster University. Elementary and secondary education is provided by the Brevard Public Schools and private education.
Sports Minor league baseball Brevard County is the home of the Brevard County Manatees, the Class-A Affiliate of the Milwaukee Brewers. In 2009, the Space Coast Surge, a member of the Florida Winter Baseball League has the Cocoa Stadium as their home stadium.[212] Major league baseball The Washington Nationals hold their spring training at Space Coast Stadium in Viera.They play about 14 games against other professional teams locally in March as part of the "Grapefruit" League.[213] Professional Basketball The Brevard Blue Ducks, members of the USBL, played their home schedule at the Clemente Center at Florida Tech. They have changed their home city more times than any other USBL team. They have been in Brevard since 2002. In 2007 the Clemente Center opted not to extend the team a lease of its facilities, prompting a cancellation of the season. Minor League Football Brevard County is home to the Brevard Warriors, a minor league football team whose first season was 2008-2009 and in that first year climbed the Minor League Football ranks to #2 in the country, and won its Southeast Football League Championship 45-10 over the Central Florida Thoroughbreds while finishing the season 14-1. The Brevard Rams and Space Coast Predators are scheduled to play as members of the Florida Football Alliance in 2010.[214] Amateur sports Aside from school-sponsored sports, there are youth leagues for basketball,[215] football, soccer, lacrosse, gymnastics,[216] and baseball.[217] Brevard County, Florida 22
Infrastructure
Transportation While Brevard County has transportation available in the usual modes for a coastal county - highways, shipping, and airlines, it has the addition of space transportation, making it unique in the world.[218] Public transportation is provided by Space Coast Area Transit.[219]
Power Florida Power and Light maintains an oil-fired generating plant at Sharpes; it generates 800 megawatts, supplying most of the requirements for the county. In 2008 the company announced plans to replace the plant with a more efficient natural gas-powered plant in 2013 with a 1,250 megawatt capacity which can supply 250,000 homes or businesses.[220] Nearby FPL's plant is the Indian River Power Plant; formerly owned by the Orlando Utilities Commission, it is now owned and operated by RRI Energy. Florida City Gas furnishes natural gas to various areas of the county.[221]
Communication The area code for most of the county became "321" in 1999, as in the "3...2...1... lift-off!" countdown sequence. A small portion of the county along the southern border, including the communities of Micco and Barefoot Bay, share a 772 area code with Indian River County to the south.
Solid waste The county government maintains various landfills for solid waste. There is a 190 acres (77 ha) landfill in Cocoa. In 2011, the average homeowner paid $57 annually to fund the maintenance of these sites.[222] Municipalities and that county contract separately for the pickup and transportation of waste for which businesses and homeowners pay a separate monthly fee.
Media
Newspapers Florida Today is the major daily newspaper serving Melbourne, Brevard County and the Space Coast region of Florida. It is owned by the media conglomerate Gannett. The monthly newspaper, El Playero, serves the Spanish-speaking population of the Space Coast. The weekly Home Town News is a free newspaper, supported by advertising, that has versions in other Florida counties. It presents local news. The Brevard Technical Journal is the industry monthly newspaper for business management, engineering, purchasing, manufacturing, and staff. It features news & features about the business and the science of technology in Brevard County - Florida's Space & Technology Coast. Brevard County, Florida 23
Television Most of Brevard County receive cable television from Bright House Networks. Comcast serves the Micco and Palm Bay areas in southern Brevard County. Local stations licensed to or located in Brevard County include: • BPS-TV • Channel 43 WOTF-TV (Telefutura) • Channel 52 WHLV-TV (TBN) • Channel 68 WBCC (PBS)
Films and TV The following films were filmed (in parts) in Brevard County:[223] • Matinee (1993), filmed in Cocoa Village and Cocoa Playhouse • Apollo 13 (1995), Contact (1997), Armageddon (1998), and Moonraker all utilized Cape Canaveral or Kennedy Space Center facilities. • Marvin's Room (1996) was filmed in Rockledge. • Nightmare (1981) horror film shot in Merritt Island, Cocoa, Cocoa Beach and Titusville • A Night in Heaven was filmed in Titusville • Things Behind the Sun (2001) by independent filmmakers Allison Anders, raised in Cocoa Beach and Cape Canaveral, and Kurt Voss • Space Cowboys (2000) • Portions of Jaws III were filmed on the Minutemen Causeway • The Number 23 (2007) shot scenes on the shore of Cocoa Beach. • I'll Believe You (2007) TV series included: • The Cape, 13 episodes (1996 through 1997) • From the Earth to the Moon, a miniseries (1998) • I Dream of Jeannie, a 1960s TV comedy series, was set in Cocoa Beach and Cape Canaveral but filmed in California.
Arts and culture The Maxwell C. King Center for the Performing Arts, seating 2000, features locally produced and former Broadway shows, ballet, and symphony. Several different performances are scheduled each week. The Brevard Symphony Orchestra and the Space Coast Ballet offer shows performed by professionals. There are two other professional symphony orchestras, plus a community orchestra and band in Melbourne.[224] The Brevard Zoo is a 56-acre (23 ha) facility.[225] There are 51 tigers, cougars, lions and leopards, on a 2-acre (0.81 ha) reserve in Canaveral Groves.[226] Ballet The Space Coast Ballet incorporates professional principal dancers and instructors together with many roles for local senior talent as well as roles for students. They annually stage the The Nutcracker. Classical music The Brevard Symphony Orchestra has been bringing the classics, performed by professionals, to the Space Coast for over fifty years. The Brevard Symphony Youth Orchestra (BSYO) was founded in 1984 to provide a musical experience for youth. They are the only non-profit organization in Brevard devoted solely to the orchestral training of young musicians. Brevard County, Florida 24
Traditional Music The City of Melbourne Pipes and Drums is a teaching band. Museums and attractions The Space Coast has a number of museums from the rocket exhibitions at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex and the Air Force Space & Missile Museum, to local museums and others of unique character such as the American Police Hall of Fame & Museum, and the East Coast Surfing Hall of Fame Museum. The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex offers an educational look at the accomplishments of America's space program. The Observation Gantry near Launch Complex 39 offers a view of the Space Shuttle launch pads (first built for the Apollo missions), the Vehicle Assembly Building, and the crawlerway over which rockets are taken to the pad. The Apollo/Saturn V Center displays an example of the largest rocket ever launched. The US Astronaut Hall of Fame is the only facility in the nation dedicated to telling the stories of American astronauts and features the world's largest collection of astronauts' personal effects. The US Space Walk of Fame in Titusville commemorates the manned space program's history with museum and monuments. The Brevard Museum of History & Natural Science features the remains of the "Windover Man", the oldest human remains found on the North American continent and a re-creation of the Windover Dig, a 'wet' archaeological site. A visitor may see how Native Americans lived and Florida pioneers survived. Honor America runs the Liberty Bell Memorial Museum. This houses a replica of the Liberty Bell, historical documents, and patriotic memorabilia. Items are permanent reminders of our nation's history, as well as a memorial to military veterans. The Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore Memorial Park and Cultural Center features a museum with artifacts and time line of the civil rights movement and the story of the Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore, civil rights leaders who were killed when their home was bombed. Other During the December holiday season, each of four yacht club parades during the evening in the Indian River/Banana River with holiday lighting on each boat.
References
[1] http:/ / www. brevardcounty. us/
[2] "County population, population change and estimated components of population change: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008" (http:/ / www. census.
gov/ popest/ cities/ tables/ SUB-EST2008-04-12. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-10-08.
[3] Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Definitions (http:/ / www. census. gov/ population/ www/ estimates/ metrodef. html) - retrieved July 18, 2006
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news0204/ 23+ 000+ now+ expected+ to+ lose+ jobs+ after+ shuttle+ retirement). Florida Today. . [157] Best, Keilani (7 February 2010). "more than space". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1E. [158] Peterson, Patrick (15 May 2009). "Florida Tech, KSC are technology assets". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 11A. [159] Best, Keilani (17 October 2010). "Eateries feel heat". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1E.
[160] Krol, Jenet (19 February 2010). "USDA declares Brevard County primary disaster area" (http:/ / www. myhometownnews. net/ index. php?id=66890). Fort Pierce, Florida: Hometown News:The Beaches. pp. A4. .
[161] Neal, Rick (24 February 2010). "County pays to preserve waterfront" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100224/ NEWS01/
2240330/ 1006/ County+ pays+ to+ preserve+ Merritt+ Island+ waterfront). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. .
[162] nbbd.com (http:/ / www. nbbd. com/ npr/ 4H/ index. html)
[163] "Brevard County Extension Classes 2010" (http:/ / brevard. ifas. ufl. edu). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. 2010. . [164] "Tourist dollar dreams". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. 19 April 2009. pp. 1E. [165] "More tourists may not mean more buying". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. 19 April 2009. pp. 3E. Brevard County, Florida 29
[166] "Vacation trends". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1E. 13 March 2011.
[167] Moody, R. Norman (14 January 2011). "Redevelopment plan brews in Cocoa Beach" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110114/
NEWS01/ 101140325/ Redevelopment-plan-brews-in-Cocoa-Beach). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[168] (http:/ / www. space-coast. com/ / ) Florida's Space Coast
[169] Waymer, Jim (7 March 2010). "The plan for sand" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ print/ article/ 20100307/ news01/ 3070320/ Long-denied-renourishment-because-of-worm-beach-finally-may-get-bulked-up). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. . [170] "Tourism tax wanes". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. 30 March 2009. pp. 8C. [171] Bakancia, Donna (April 27, 2008). Brevard hotels strive to attract guests as summer nears and new facilities open. Florida Today. [172] "Room occupancy could pick up". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. 30 March 2009. pp. 8C. [173] Lowenstein, Adam (14 March 2010). "Car sales drive local economy". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1E.
[174] (http:/ / www. cocoamainstreet. com/ ) Cocoa Main Street
[175] (http:/ / www. downtownmelbourne. com/ ) Melbourne Main Street
[176] (http:/ / www. artsbrevard. org/ events/ ) BCA Cultural Events Calendar
[177] (http:/ / www. artsbrevard. org/ resources/ map. html) BCA Arts Map
[178] Kennerly, Britt (27 February 2011). "Greek Festival brings good spirit" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110227/ NEWS01/
102270321/ Greek-festival-Melbourne-brings-good-spirits). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 7B. .
[179] (http:/ / www. grantseafoodfestival. com) Grant Seafood Festival [180] Dowling, Lyn (January 14, 2008). IcePlex gets new owners. Florida Today.
[181] McCarthy, John (19 May 2010). "Mansion hits the block" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100519/ NEWS01/ 5190342/ Suntree-mansion-hits-the-block). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[182] Peterson, Patrick (7 February 2010). "Boating's economic impact steady" (http:/ / pqasb. pqarchiver. com/ floridatoday/ access/
1956691801. html?FMT=ABS& date=Feb+ 07,+ 2010). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1E. .
[183] Price, Wayne T. (8 November 2009). "Forbes:Brevard's got bang for buck" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20091208/
BUSINESS/ 912080318/ Forbes-magazine-says-Brevard-one-of-America-s-best-places). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[184] (http:/ / www. floridatrend. com/ article. asp?aID=51437) "Best Large Companies - 2009". Florida Trend.
[185] (http:/ / www. floridatrend. com/ article. asp?aID=51438) "Best Midsized Companies - 2009". Florida Trend.
[186] (http:/ / www. bizjournals. com/ edit_special/ 79. html) G. Scott Thomas (May 11, 2009). "San Jose leads as America's top tech center". bizjournals.
[187] McCarthy, John (9 January 2011). "Health will lead in jobs outlook" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110109/ BUSINESS/
101090317/ Finding-jobs-Health-will-lead-in-openings). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A,9A. . [188] Price, Wayne T. (28 February 2010). "As Orlando slumps, so does Brevard". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 3E. [189] Halvorson, Todd (May 12, 2007). KSC chief says more tech work needed. Florida Today.
[190] Waymer, Jim (April 7, 2011). "Shutdown spares essential services" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110407/ NEWS01/
104070326/ Government-shutdown-would-spare-essential-services). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1A. .
[191] Peterson, Patrick (28 November 2010). "High-paying jobs scant outside KSC" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101128/
NEWS01/ 11280317/ High-paying-jobs-scant-outside-KSC). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 6A. . [192] Murphy, Myatt (August 2011). "Ready to Launch". Sky (Delta): 82.
[193] Price, Wayne T. (11 March 2010). "Jobless at 20-year high" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100311/ BUSINESS/ 3110309/ Jobless-at-20-year-high). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 6C. .
[194] Clifford, Annette (5 December 2010). "A little help goes a long way for kids during holidays" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/
20101205/ COLUMNISTS0103/ 12050311/ Annette-Clifford-A-little-help-goes-a-long-way-for-kids-during-holidays). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1D. .
[195] "Applications aplenty" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110320/ BUSINESS/ 110318041/ Applications-aplenty-Companies-inundated-job-seekers). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1E. 20 March 2011. . [196] Price, Wayne T. (May 1, 2007). Brevard's ranking slips, but it's still a boomtown. Florida Today.
[197] McCarthy, John (17 January 2010). "Laboring over jobs" (http:/ / m. floridatoday. com/ BETTER/ news. jsp?key=289844). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1E. .
[198] NCUA Data Summary (http:/ / www. ncua. gov/ DataServices/ CreditUnionList. aspx?Application=CUEXpanded& State=FL) [199] Sonnenberg, Maria (April 8, 2007). Union Label. Florida Today.
[200] Peterson, Patrick (November 13, 2011). "Bank fee falls to social network pressure, outrage" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/
20111113/ BUSINESS/ 311130013/ Bank-fee-falls-social-network-pressure-outrage). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 7D. . [201] www.brevardalzheimers.org
[202] SCEIC (http:/ / www. sceic. com/ _site2005/ home_template. php)
[203] Circles of Care: Physical Locations (http:/ / www. circlesofcare. org/ current/ locate. html)
[204] 2-1-1 Helpline (http:/ / www. 211brevard. org/ home/ pages/ helpline. cfm)
[205] Space Coast Center for Independent Living (SCCIL) (http:/ / ese. brevard. k12. fl. us/ ICB/ SCCIndLiving. html)
[206] McCarthy, John (4 February 2011). "Hospital draws many job seekers" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110204/ BUSINESS/
102040314/ Hospital-draws-many-job-seekers). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 6C. .
[207] Health First (http:/ / www. health-first. org/ ) Brevard County, Florida 30
[208] HARMONY FARMS, INC. (http:/ / www. harmonyfarmsinc. com/ )
[209] Parrish Medical Center (http:/ / www. parrishmed. com/ ) [210] "Health care services". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. 1 May 2009. pp. 10C.
[211] SMART: BRFSS City and County Health Risk Data (http:/ / apps. nccd. cdc. gov/ BRFSS-SMART/ MMSARiskChart. asp?MMSA=215&
yr=2007& qkey=4413& cat=AC& grp=0) Heavy drinkers are adult men having more than two drinks per day and adult women having more than one drink per day
[212] Space Coast Surge (http:/ / www. spacecoastsurge. com) [213] Grapefruit League,Florida Today, February 28, 2007
[214] "Semi-pro football Space Coast Predators" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ content/ blogs/ fitness/ 2009/ 09/
semi-pro-football-space-coast-predators. shtml). Florida Today. Gannett. 14. . [215] White, George (6 January 2010). "Youth basketball gets into full swing". South Beaches Breeze (Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today): pp. 3. [216] White, George (13 January 2010). "Brevard gymnasts shine in Orlando competition". South Beaches Breeze (Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today): pp. 7. [217] South Beaches Breeze (Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today): pp. various. 30 December 2009. [218] Murphy, Myatt (August 2011). "Ready to Launch". Sky (Delta): 83.
[219] (http:/ / www. ridescat. com)
[220] FPL Company News (http:/ / partners. marketcenter. com/ cboe/ news/ story. action?id=KRO122e1174& symbol=& count=10) retrieved May 4, 2008
[221] (http:/ / www. floridacitygas. com/ Universal/ AboutUs. aspx) [222] Walker, Don (November 2, 2011). "Landfill addition may be averted". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1B.
[223] Florida Today (http:/ / m. floridatoday. com/ news. jsp?key=230981)
[224] Conductor forms county's third symphony (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20090712/ LIFE/ 907120313& referrer=FRONTPAGECAROUSEL) retrieved July 12, 2009
[225] Brevard Zoo Information (http:/ / www. brevardzoo. org/ aboutthezoo/ index. html)
[226] Neale, Rick (21 March 2010). "A Place to ROAR" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100321/ NEWS01/ 3210320/
Animal-refuge-proposes-move-to-17-acre-big-cat-sanctuary-near-N. -Brevard-border). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
Further reading • Middleton, Sallie. "Space Rush: Local Impact of Federal Aerospace Programs on Brevard and Surrounding Counties," Florida Historical Quarterly, Fall 2008, Vol. 87 Issue 2, pp 258–289
External links Government links and constitutional offices
• Brevard County Government / Board of County Commissioners (http:/ / www. brevardcounty. us/ )
• Brevard County Clerk of Courts Public Records (http:/ / brevardcountyclerkofcourts. net/ )
• Brevard County Supervisor of Elections (http:/ / brevardelections. org/ )
• Brevard County Property Appraiser (http:/ / www. brevardpropertyappraiser. com/ )
• Brevard County Sheriff's Office (http:/ / www. sheriff. co. brevard. fl. us/ )
• Brevard County Parks and Recreation (http:/ / www. brevardparks. com/ ) • Water
• Reclaimed water (http:/ / www. brevardcounty. us/ usd/ sc-reuse. cfm) Special districts
• St. Johns River Water Management District (http:/ / www. sjrwmd. com) Education
• "Shopping" Guide to all local schools (http:/ / 4brevard. com/ schools. htm)
• Islamic school in Melbourne, Fl (http:/ / www. isbcmelbourne. org/ ) Judicial branch
• Brevard County Clerk of Courts (http:/ / www. brevardclerk. us/ )
• Brevard County Public Defender (http:/ / www. brevardcounty. us/ publicdefender/ ) Brevard County, Florida 31
• Office of the State Attorney, 18th Judicial Circuit (http:/ / sa18. state. fl. us/ ) serving Brevard and Seminole Counties
• Circuit and County Court for the 18th Judicial Circuit of Florida (http:/ / www. jud18. flcourts. org/ ) Local references
• Florida Today "Fact Book" on Brevard County (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ section?category=factbook)
• USF Maps of Historical Brevard County (http:/ / fcit. usf. edu/ florida/ maps/ county/ brevard/ brevard. htm)
• Explanation of "Leigh Read" county (http:/ / www. cfhf. net/ maps/ 1839. htm)
• Brevard County Fact Sheet - Brevard Clerk of Courts (http:/ / www. brevardclerk. us/ PAGES/ brevard. htm)
• Old Florida Map Collection (http:/ / fcit. usf. edu/ florida/ maps/ maps. htm)
• North Brevard - Titusville, Florida - Community Directory (http:/ / nbbd. com/ )
• Searchable Database of Brevard County Property Records (http:/ / visulate. com)
• Space Coast Wiki (http:/ / spacecoast. wikispot. org) - a community wiki for Brevard County
• Brevard Workforce Report 2008-9 (http:/ / www. brevardworkforce. com/ annualreport/ 2008-2009/ images/
BWF_AR2010. pdf)
• General business statistics (http:/ / www. eflorida. com/ profiles/ CountyReport. asp?CountyID=5& Display=all) • Brevard County travel guide from Wikitravel 32
Northern Brevard Co.
Mims, Florida
This is about the city. For the hip-hop artist, see MIMS (rapper)
Mims, Florida — CDP —
Location in Brevard County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 28°40′7″N 80°50′53″W
Country United States
State Florida
County Brevard
Area
• Total 25.7 sq mi (66.6 km2)
• Land 19.8 sq mi (51.3 km2)
• Water 5.9 sq mi (15.3 km2)
Elevation 33 ft (10 m)
Population (2000)
• Total 9147
• Density 355.9/sq mi (137.3/km2)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 32754
Area code(s) 321 Mims, Florida 33
[1] FIPS code 12-45775
[2] GNIS feature ID 0286950
Mims is a census-designated place (CDP) in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The population was 9,147 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography Mims is located at 28°40′7″N 80°50′53″W (28.668670, -80.847949)[3] . According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 25.7 square miles (67 km2), of which, 19.8 square miles (51 km2) of it is land and 5.9 square miles (15 km2) of it (22.99%) is water.
Demographics As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 9,147 people, 3,591 households, and 2,574 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 462.0 people per square mile (178.4/km²). There were 4,171 housing units at an average density of 210.7/sq mi (81.3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.57% White, 10.98% African American, 0.63% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.26% from other races, and 1.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.54% of the population. There were 3,591 households out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 2.95. In the CDP the population was spread out with 24.0% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 25.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.9 males.
Economy
Personal income The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,216, and the median income for a family was $41,044. Males had a median income of $33,886 versus $21,925 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,433. About 11.3% of families and 15.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 12.4% of those age 65 or over.
Industry Praxair produces liquid oxygen for the Kennedy Space Center in Mims.[4] Mims, Florida 34
History Harry T. Moore, a civil rights leader, teacher and founder of the Brevard County NAACP, was murdered in Mims with his wife, Harriette, in 1951. The murder was racially motivated by members of the Ku Klux Klan, sparking over a 50-year investigation in the state of Florida.
Education There are two schools in Mims: • Mims Elementary School • Pinewood Elementary School
References
[1] "American FactFinder" (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov). United States Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[2] "US Board on Geographic Names" (http:/ / geonames. usgs. gov). United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[3] "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ geo/ www/ gazetteer/ gazette. html). United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. . Retrieved 2011-04-23. [4] "Article: Praxair awarded five-year contract.(Praxair Inc.)(United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration)(Brief article)"
(http:/ / www. highbeam. com/ doc/ 1G1-148109606. html). Fairfield County Business Journal. highbeam.com. 2006-06-26. . Titusville, Florida 35 Titusville, Florida
Titusville — City —
Historic Brevard County Courthouse in 2006
Seal
Nickname(s): Space City, USA [1] Miracle City
Location in Brevard County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 28°35′28″N 80°49′12″W
Country United States
State Florida
County Brevard
Founded 1867
Incorporated (city) 1887 Titusville, Florida 36
Government
• Type Council-Manager
• Mayor Jim Tulley
• City Manager Mark K. Ryan
• Vice Mayor Conrad Eigenmann
Area
• Total 26 sq mi (67.1 km2)
• Land 21.3 sq mi (55.1 km2)
• Water 4.7 sq mi (12 km2)
Elevation 10 ft (3 m)
[2] [3] Population (1 July 2008)
• Total 44756
• Density 2101.2/sq mi (812.3/km2)
Census Bureau estimate
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 32780, 32781, 32782, 32783, 32796
Area code(s) 321
[4] FIPS code 12-71900
[5] GNIS feature ID 0292319
[6] Website www.titusville.com
Titusville is a city in Brevard County, Florida in the United States. It is the county seat of Brevard County.[7] Nicknamed Space City, USA,[8] Titusville is on the Indian River, west of Merritt Island and the Kennedy Space Center and south-southwest of the Canaveral National Seashore. It is a principal city of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 40,670 at the 2000 census. As of 2008, the estimated population according to the U.S. Census Bureau was 44,756.[2]
History
The area was once inhabited by the Ais Indians, who gathered palmetto, cocoplum and seagrape berries. They also fished the Indian River, called the Rio de Ais by Spanish explorers. By 1760, however, the tribe had disappeared due to slave raids, disease and rum. Florida was acquired from Spain in 1821, but the Seminole Wars delayed settlement.
Originally called Sand Point, a post office was established in 1859; Washington Avenue c. 1910 although it closed a few months later. Confederate Colonel Henry T. Titusville, Florida 37
Titus arrived in 1867 with the intention to build a town on land owned by his wife, Mary Hopkins Titus, daughter of a prominent planter from Darien, Georgia. He laid out roads and in 1870 erected The Titus House, a large one-story hotel next to a saloon. He also donated land for four churches and a courthouse, the latter an effort to get the town designated as county seat. Titusville could have been called Riceville, but Titus challenged Capt. Clark Rice to a game of dominoes to decide the name. Titus won the game, and Sand Point became Titusville in 1873.[9] It was incorporated as a city in 1887, the year construction began on St. Gabriel's Episcopal Church, listed in 1972 on the National Register of Historic Places. At one point, Titusville was nicknamed The City of Churches. The Atlantic Coast, St. Johns & Indian River Railroad arrived in 1885 from Enterprise, which was connected by a spur line to the Jacksonville, Tampa & Key West Railroad at Enterprise Junction in present-day DeBary. Henry Flagler extended his Florida East Coast Railroad south from Daytona, with the station built in Titusville in 1892. Tourists arrived, and the Indian River area increasingly became an agricultural and shipping center for pineapple and citrus produce. A wooden bridge was built east to Playalinda Beach in 1922. Railroad depot c. 1905 Beginning in the late 1950s, the growth of Cape Canaveral, and later the Kennedy Space Center on Merritt Island, made the community's economy, population and tourism grow considerably. The association with the space program led to the city's two nicknames in the 1960s: Space City, USA and Miracle City.
Geography Titusville is located at 28°35′28″N 80°49′12″W (28.591210, -80.819911)[10] in the Northern half of Brevard County. According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.9 square miles (67.1 km²). 21.3 square miles (55.1 km²) of it is land and 4.7 square miles (12.0 km²) of it (17.95 percent) is water. Titusville is located on the Indian River Lagoon, part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway.
Climate
Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rec High °F 88 92 94 97 102 103 103 102 99 98 93 88
Norm High °F 70 72 77 81 86 89 91 91 89 83 78 72
Norm Low °F 49 51 56 60 67 72 73 74 73 66 59 53
Rec Low °F 19 23 26 35 45 56 61 60 51 40 27 19
Precip (in) 2.48 2.79 3.60 2.79 3.66 6.09 7.27 6.82 4.29 3.45 2.52 7.03
Source: The Weather Channel [11] Titusville, Florida 38
Demographics
Historical populations Census Pop. %±
1950 2604 —
1960 6410 146.2%
1970 30515 376.1%
1980 31910 4.6%
1990 39394 23.5%
2000 40670 3.2%
Est. 2009 44670 9.8%
As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 40,670 people, 17,200 households, and 11,094 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,913.4 inhabitants per square mile (738.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.80 percent White, 12.64 percent African American, 0.39 percent Native American, 0.94 percent Asian, 0.04 percent Pacific Islander, 0.73 percent from other races, and 1.46 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.52 percent of the population. There were 17,200 households out of which 26.7 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.9 percent were married couples living together, 12.6 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.5 percent were non-families. 29.9 percent of all households were made up of individuals and 13.9 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.86. In the city the population was spread out with 22.9 percent under the age of 18, 6.9 percent from 18 to 24, 26.2 percent from 25 to 44, 23.2 percent from 45 to 64, and 20.8 percent who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. In 2010, this had risen to 43.4.[12] For every 100 females there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males. In 2010, for residents 25 and older, 89.3% had completed high school, 22.6% had at least a bachelor's degree.[12]
Government Titusville is run by a council-manager government. The elected city council serves as the city's legislative branch, while the appointed city manager carries out policies defined by the council. The city is governed according to its Charter, adopted on June 3, 1963.[13] Titusville has the highest city tax rate in the county.[14] In 2007, the city had a taxable real estate base of $2.34 billion.[15] The city has 1.8 police officers per thousand residents. This is 52% below average statewide for cities of its size.[16] A 2011 study rated the pension fund for city employees as mediocre or poor.[17] Titusville, Florida 39
City council Titusville's five city council members (one of which is the mayor) are elected at-large to four-year, staggered terms. As the city's legislative body, the council determines all municipal policies not explicitly covered by the city charter or state legislation. It also adopts ordinances and resolutions, cote appropriations, approve budgets, determine the tax rate, and appoint citizens to serve on advisory boards and commissions.[18] The mayor presides over all city council meetings and votes as a council member. The mayor is the recognized head of city government for ceremonial and military law purposes, but has no regular administrative duties. The vice mayor is chosen from among the council members at their annual organizational meeting and takes the mayor's place during absence or disability.[18] • Mayor: James H. Tulley, Jr. (term expires 2012) • Vice mayor: Walt Johnson (term expires 2014) • Council members: Martha Long (term expires 2012), Kathleen Burson (term expires 2014), Rita Pritchett (term expires 2014)
City manager The city manager is chosen by the city council on the basis of training, experience and ability, and serves at the pleasure of the council for an indefinite period of time. The city manager is tasked with enforcing all laws and ordinances, appointing and removing department heads and employees, supervising all departments, keeping the council advised on the city's financial situation, keeping the council and public informed of the city government's operations.[13] • City manager: Mark K. Ryan
Economy In 2010, private business was 24.7 percent "other"; 21.5 percent trade, transportation and utilities, 18.1 percent professional and business services; 13.7 percent educational and health services; 12 percent construction; and 10 percent leisure and hospitality.[12]
Personal income In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $35,607, and the median income for a family was $42,453. This had risen to $44,925 median per household in 2010; $24,374 per capita income.[12] Males had a median income of $36,076 versus $23,998 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,901. About 9.3 percent of families and 12.4 percent of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6 percent of those under age 18 and 6.8 percent of those age 65 or over.
Industry Many of Titusville's major employers are aerospace companies.[19] Knight's Armament Company in Titusville is believed to be the state's largest manufacturer of small arms.[20]
Tourism The city has benefited from tourism associated with the space program, and the TICO Warbird Air Show each March draws about 40,000–50,000 visitors.[21] While 47 miles (76 km) from the event, the city gets a noticeable economic affect from bikers on their way to the annual Daytona Beach Bike Week.[22] Titusville, Florida 40
Workforce The unemployment rate was 3.6% in 2000 and 2005.[12] In 2007, the average size of Titusville's labor force was 20,716. Of that group, 19,879 were employed and 837 were unemployed, for an unemployment rate of 4 percent.[19] In December 2010, the city had the highest unemployment in the county, 13.8 percent.[23]
Housing As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 19,178 housing units at an average density of 902.3 per square mile (348.3/km²). In 2008, 55 building permits for 64 units were issued. This was down from 195 permits for 657 units in 2007. The city issued 292 permits for 360 units in 2006.[24] In 2001 149 permits were issued for $18.6 million worth of property; 453 in 2005 for $65.7 million; 45 in 2010 for $9.5 million.[12] The median home price in 2007 was $158,900.[19]
Infrastructure
Utilities The city primarily gets its water supply from the Florida’s surficial aquifer, a shallow, unconfined aquifer that overlays the larger Floridan aquifer. In 2005, about 3.8 million gallons per day of raw water were drawn from the city’s two wellfields.[25] The water department had 22,000 customers in 2010.[26]
Airports • Space Coast Regional Airport (commercial aviation) is located just south of the city • Arthur Dunn Air Park (general aviation)[27]
Historic sites and museums
• Judge George Robbins House • North Brevard Historical Museum • Pritchard House • St. Gabriel's Episcopal Church • Spell House • Titusville Commercial District • US Space Walk of Fame and Museum • Valiant Air Command Warbird Museum • Wager House Titusville was a popular vantage point for space shuttle launches (STS-126, 2008). Health care
Parrish Medical Center is the hospital that serves Titusville.[28] A new $80 million hospital was completed in 2002.[28] Titusville, Florida 41
Education It was estimated in 2007 that 88.1 percent of all Titusville residents 25 years or older are high school graduates, and 23.6 percent have a bachelor's degree or higher.[19] Primary and secondary public schools are run by the Brevard County School Board:
Elementary schools • Apollo Elementary School • Coquina Elementary School • Imperial Estates Elementary School • Oak Park Elementary School • Riverview Elementary School • South Lake Elementary School
Middle schools • Jackson Middle School • Madison Middle School
High schools • Titusville High School • Astronaut High School
Private schools • Park Avenue Christian Academy • Sculptor Charter School • St. Teresa Catholic School • Temple Christian School
Colleges • Brevard Community College
Media
Newspapers • The North Brevard Beacon – biweekly newspaper based in Titusville that serves the communities of North Brevard • Titusville Star-Advocate – began publication in 1966; since absorbed by Florida Today which also serves Titusville
Radio • WIXC-AM • WNUE-FM • WPIO-FM Titusville, Florida 42
Magazines • Computer Shopper – founded in Titusville in 1979; published as a tabloid until 1988, when Ziff Davis bought the magazine and moved it to New York City
Criticism In 2010, a New York Times reporter, in Titusville to cover a space shuttle launch, commented that Titusville was ...a small, sleepy and, some might say, seedy town with a handful of not too luxurious motels and hotels that jack up their prices whenever there is a scheduled shuttle lift-off. A Titusville spokesman replied that it was common everywhere to increase room rates for major events.[29]
Notable residents • Cris Collinsworth, former NFL football player • "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan, professional wrestler; previously lived in Titusville.[30] • Jeff Fulchino, Major League baseball player, born in Titusville • Wilber Marshall, former NFL football player • Mike Polchlopek, professional wrestler, born in Titusville • Loren Shriver, former space shuttle astronaut • Daniel Tosh, comedian and host of Tosh.0, raised in Titusville • Aaron Walker, NFL football player • Johnny Weismuller, actor known for playing Tarzan; lived in Titusville in the 1960s
References [1] Walters, Mark Jerome (1992). A Shadow and a Song. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Classics. p. xiv. ISBN 978-1-933392-56-1.
[2] "Annual Estimates of the population for the Incorporated Places of Florida" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ cities/ tables/
SUB-EST2008-04-12. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-24.
[3] "Annual Estimates of the population for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ metro/ tables/
2008/ CBSA-EST2008-01. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-24.
[4] "American FactFinder" (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov). United States Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[5] "US Board on Geographic Names" (http:/ / geonames. usgs. gov). United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[6] http:/ / www. titusville. com
[7] "Find a County" (http:/ / www. naco. org/ Counties/ Pages/ FindACounty. aspx). National Association of Counties. . Retrieved 2011-06-07.
[8] Louie-Garcia, Allison (April 5, 2010). "Shuttle fleet's home counts down to an uncertain future" (http:/ / news. yahoo. com/ s/ ynews/ ynews_ts1421). Yahoo! News. . Retrieved 25 April 2010.
[9] http:/ / www. titusville. com/ Page. asp?NavID=216
[10] "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ geo/ www/ gazetteer/ gazette. html). United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. . Retrieved 2011-04-23.
[11] http:/ / weather. yahoo. com/ climo/ USFL0490_f. html
[12] Berman, Dave (20 December 2010). "Working through tough times" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101220/ NEWS01/
12200321/ Working-through-tough-times). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 7A. .
[13] Government (http:/ / www. titusville. com/ SectionIndex. asp?SectionID=72) City of Titusville - Official Site. Retrieved on 29-09-2009.
[14] http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=2007704150354 [15] Dean, James (April 26, 2008). More taxes or fewer services. Florida Today.
[16] Knapp, Andrew (16 October 2010). "Crime rate decreases 5.5%" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101016/ NEWS01/ 10160312/
1006/ Crime+ rate+ decreases+ 5. 5+ percent). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. .
[17] Walker, Don (November 11, 2011). "Cities pensions among the best, bottom" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=2011311100046). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 4B. .
[18] City Council (http:/ / www. titusville. com/ SectionIndex. asp?SectionID=5) City of Titusville - Official Site. Retrieved on 29-09-2009.
[19] Titusville Community Data Sheet (http:/ / spacecoastedc. org/ portals/ 0/ municipalities/ titusville/ titusville community data. pdf) Economic Development Council of Florida's Space Coast. Retrieved on 2009-06-29. Titusville, Florida 43
[20] (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=/ 20080824/ BUSINESS/ 808240313/ 1006/ news01) retrieved August 24, 2008
[21] Best, Keilani (6 March 2010). "Festivals boost economy" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100306/ BUSINESS/ 3060306/ 1006/
NEWS01/ Festivals+ boost+ economy). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 7C. .
[22] Kennerly, Britt (5 March 2011). "Revenue hopes ride on bikers' business" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110305/ NEWS01/
103050314/ North-Brevard-revenue-hopes-ride-bikers-business). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1A. .
[23] Kennerly, Britt (19 December 2010). "Proud Space City asks, "What's next?"" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101220/
NEWS01/ 101219022/ Proud-Space-City-asks-What-s-next-). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[24] Building Permits (http:/ / censtats. census. gov/ bldg/ bldgprmt. shtml) United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2009-06-29.
[25] (http:/ / www. titusville. com/ Files/ 2006 Edition, Titusville 2005 CCR . pdf) retrieved June 24, 2008
[26] Berman, Dave (13 January 2011). "Utility deposits based on credit" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110113/ NEWS01/
101130323/ Utility-deposits-based-on-credit). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 4B. .
[27] Statement of Dunn's inclusion within actual city limits (http:/ / brevard. metromix. com/ events/ community_venue/
arthur-dunn-airpark-titusville/ 704815/ content)
[28] "History/Facts" (http:/ / www. parrishmed. com/ about_us/ history. cfm). Parrish Medical Center. . Retrieved 25 April 2010. [29] Berman, Dave (18 May 2010). "'N.Y. Times': Liked launch, not venues". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
[30] (http:/ / www. onlineworldofwrestling. com/ profiles/ j/ jim-duggan. html)
External links
• City of Titusville Web site (http:/ / www. titusville. com/ )
• The Florida Star (http:/ / www. uflib. ufl. edu/ UFDC/ ?c=FDNL1& b=UF00075901), former African-American
Titusville newspaper online in the Florida Digital Newspaper Library (http:/ / www. uflib. ufl. edu/ UFDC/ ?c=FDNL1)
• Titusville events and activities (http:/ / abouttitusville. com/ )
• Synopsis of Col. Henry Titus (http:/ / www. nbbd. com/ godo/ history/ ColTitus. html) at the Historical Society of North Brevard, Inc. • Titusville (Florida) travel guide from Wikitravel Cocoa, Florida 44 Cocoa, Florida
Cocoa, Florida — City —
Location in Brevard County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 28°22′10″N 80°44′38″W
Country United States
State Florida
County Brevard
Government
• Type Council-Manager
• Mayor Michael C. Blake
• City Manager Ric Holt
• Deputy Mayor Clarence Whipple
Area
• Total 9.6 sq mi (24.6 km2)
• Land 7.5 sq mi (19.3 km2)
• Water 2.1 sq mi (5.3 km2)
Elevation 36 ft (11 m)
[1] [2] Population (1 July 2008)
• Total 16478
• Density 2197.1/sq mi (853.8/km2)
Census Bureau estimate
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
Area code(s) 321 Cocoa, Florida 45
[3] FIPS code 12-13150
[4] GNIS feature ID 0280608
[5] Website www.cocoafl.org
Cocoa is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The population was 16,412 at the 2000 census. As of 2008, the estimated population according to the U.S. Census Bureau was 16,478.[1] It is part of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History Cocoa was founded by fishermen with the first families arriving around 1860. A post office was established at Magnolia Point and the city's first commercial building was erected around 1881. First plats of the new settlement were made in 1882 under the name "Indian River City" on land owned by Captain R. A. Hardee. The name Indian River City was unacceptable to the U.S. Postal authorities who claimed it was too long for use on a postmark. The origin of the city's name is uncertain. In 1925, the Cocoa Tribune published several reader-supplied accounts of the town's naming. One reader credited Captain R.C. May with recommending the name at a town meeting in 1884. At Captain May's suggestion, the group finally chose the name "Cocoa" for the town's association with the Cocoa tree. The name was forwarded to Washington, D.C. where it was approved. Another story suggests that an old woman was inspired by a box of baker's cocoa and her suggestion was adopted. Still another version suggests that along the bank of the Indian River lived an old woman who would supply hot cocoa to sailors as they traveled along the river. As they passed, they would call out "cocoa, cocoa" until the woman supplied them with refreshment. Whatever its origin, by 1884 the name Cocoa had become permanently associated with what was then an infant settlement. In 1885, the S. F. Travis Hardware store opened. It is still in business in 2011.[6] Cocoa's business district was destroyed by fire in 1890, but soon, significant development began to occur with the extension of the Jacksonville, St. Augustine, and Indian River Railway to Cocoa. The city was chartered in 1895.[7] In the winter of 1894-1895, Cocoa suffered a second severe economic setback when the "Great Freeze" destroyed the citrus crop and forced many citrus workers to seek new occupations. According to one source, by 1903, the population of Cocoa had dropped to 382. During the second decade of the 20th century, population growth and economic development in Cocoa accelerated. The state business directory of 1911-1912 set the population at 550. By 1925, the population was estimated at 1,800. During the Great Depression, the local economy declined and the two local banks failed. Still, by 1930, the population had risen to 2,200. The population rose dramatically following the development of the space industry, quadrupling from 3,098 in 1940 to 12,244 in 1960. Cocoa and the surrounding area also became integrated with the tourist industry for the first time as thousands visited the area to witness the launches from Cape Canaveral. By 1980, the population had grown to 16,096.[8] Education was segregated until the 1960s at which time Monroe High School and elementary schools for black students, were closed.[9] In 1964, the city built the Cocoa Expo Sports Center (Cocoa Stadium) for the Colt 45s spring baseball training and Grapefruit League games. The team later became the Houston Astros.[10] In the early 1980s, the city attempted to upgrade the stadium by asking the Astros to pay for needed repairs. In 1985, the team responded by moving its training to Osceola County Stadium in Kissimmee, Florida. As a result, it was decided that future negotiations with major league teams would be done by the county government. Cocoa, Florida 46
Geography
Cocoa is located at 28°22′10″N 80°44′38″W.[11] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.5 square miles (25 km2). 7.5 square miles (19 km2) of it is land and 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2) of it (21.64%) is water. The Hubert H. Humphrey Bridge spans the Indian Fauna River Lagoon, linking Cocoa with Merritt Island.
The Cocoa Bird Count has annually counted species of birds in or near Cocoa since 1950. In 2010, it counted 150 species. There was an annual "Christmas Bird Count" before this starting in 1900.[12]
Government Cocoa first approved the Council-Manager form of government in 1959, and subsequent changes to the state statutes mirrored the City of Cocoa's Council-Manager Plan. The City Council serves as the Board of Directors for the City, with the Mayor as Chairman. The City Manager serves as the Chief Executive. The City Council for the City of Cocoa is made up of five members; the Mayor is elected at large and the four council members are elected by each of their districts. • Mayor - Mike Blake (Cocoa's first African American mayor) • Deputy Mayor and Councilman, District 1 - Clarence Whipple • Councilmember, District 2 - Jake Williams • Councilmember, District 3 - Don Boisvert • Councilmember, District 4 - James McCarthy • City Manager (appointed) - Brenda Fettrow[13] Downtown, now called "Cocoa Village", has been revived with a series of government grants and private investment. The Diamond Square Redevelopment Agency has been established with the goal of improving residential and commercial values in the city's minority areas. In 2011, the city manager's salary was $145,000 annually.[14] In 2007, the city had a taxable real estate base of $1.18 billion.[15] Along with one other city in the county, Cocoa has its own fire department with three stations. There is a county fire department within the city limits.[16] There are 66 police officers and 35 firemen. Employees paid 6.5% of their pay towards retirement; the city paid another 58.8% additional to the firemen's trust fund, and 22.3% to the police pension plan.[17] From 2002–07, Cocoa subsidized YMCA membership at the Brevard Community College for city residents at a cost of $70,000 annually.[18]
Demographics As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 16,412 people, 6,939 households, and 4,232 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,200.3 inhabitants per square mile (849.4/km2). There were 8,064 housing units at an average density of 1,081.1 per square mile (417.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 62.47% White, 32.28% African American, 0.63% Native American, 0.94% Asian, 0.23% Pacific Islander, 1.58% from other races, and 1.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.93% of the population. There were 6,939 households out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.0% were married couples living together, 19.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 Cocoa, Florida 47
years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.97. In the city the population was distributed as follow: 26.4% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 21.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.4 males. Based on 2009 FDLE & FBI reporting in the UCR, the city of Cocoa has the highest crime rate and arrest rate per capita in Brevard County. [19] In 2010 Cocoa had the lowest percentage of people with undergraduate degrees in the county, 15%, compared with 26% countywide. They also had the highest percentage of people living in poverty, 27%, nearly twice that of the nearest measured municipality, compared with 10% average countywide.[20]
Economy
Personal income
According to the 2000 Census: • Median household income = $27,062 • Median family income = $31,243 • Median income for males = $27,294 • Median income for females = $22,500 • Per capita income = $15,665 • Below the poverty line: Cocoa Drive-up-banking
• Families = 21.8% • Population = 24.1% • Those under age 18 = 38.7% • Those over age 64 = 11.8%
Industry Kel-Tec CNC Industries, located in Cocoa, is the third-largest manufacturer of pistols in the United States.[21] [22]
Workforce In 2007, the average size of Cocoa's labor force was 9,068. Of that group, 8,427 were employed and 641 were unemployed, for an unemployment rate of 7.1%.[23]
Tourism The annual Mardi Gras festival was attended by 5,000 people in 2010.[24]
Housing In 2008, 49 building permits were issued. This was up from 37 permits in 2007, which was down from an estimated 57 permits in 2006.[25] The median home price in 2007 was $180,000.[23] Cocoa, Florida 48
Education The city area has the following educational institutions: • Cocoa High School • Brevard Community College - Cocoa Campus • University of Central Florida - Cocoa Campus • Clearlake Middle School • Cambridge Elementary School • Saturn Elementary School • Endeavor Elementary Magnet School
Infrastructure
Transportation
Major roads All are at least four-lane roads, unless otherwise designated.
• U.S. 1 • Interstate 95 • There is one exit - Exit 201 (Florida Route 520) • SR 520 . 25,000 vehicles/day drive through downtown Cocoa.[26] • SR 524
Rail The Florida East Coast Railway runs through Cocoa, staying west of U.S. 1 through its entire run.
Bus • Space Coast Area Transit operates a public bus service in Cocoa and vicinity.[27]
Water
Cocoa is the largest supplier of water in the county. It serves about 200,000 customers.[28] The city provides water not only to its residents but to surrounding cities and towns and county at a premium, including Port St. John, south to the Pineda Causeway in north Melbourne, and includes residents from Merritt Island, Cocoa Beach, Suntree, Viera, Rockledge, Kennedy Space Center, Patrick Air Force Base, and Cape Canaveral.[29] The city stores about 500000000 US gallons (1.892705892000×109 l) of water underground using aquifer storage and recovery technology.[30] Water tower Cocoa, Florida 49
Media
Radio stations • WMMV 1350 AM • WWBC 1510 AM • WMIE-FM 91.5 • WJFP 93.9 FM
Television station • WUCF-TV 68, a PBS member station operated by a consortium of Central Florida University and Brevard Community College
Points of interest • Florida Solar Energy Center • Brevard Museum of History and Natural Science • Alma Clyde Field Library of Florida History[31]
Historic sites • Aladdin Theater • Community Woman's Club • Historic Derby Street Chapel • Porcher House • St. Mark's Episcopal Church
Athletics The Houston Astros held spring-training in Cocoa from 1964 through 1984 and the Florida Marlins trained in Cocoa in 1993. Cocoa Stadium was also the long-time home of the Florida State League Cocoa Astros. In 2009, the Space Coast Surge, a member of the Florida Winter Baseball League had Cocoa Stadium as its home stadium.[32] The league suspended operations in November 2009.[33]
Notable residents • Kim Adler - professional bowler; 15 national titles including 1999 US Open • Emory L. Bennett - Medal of Honor recipient; lived and attended school in Cocoa • Ben Going AKA Boh3m3 - Youtube video maker; Born in Cocoa • Scott Thompson aka Carrot Top - comedian. Former resident Cocoa, Florida 50
Sister city • Beit Shemesh, Israel. On October 7, 2007, the city became a sister city with Beit Shemesh.[34] Brevard Community College announced that it would participate by exchanging students.
References
[1] "Annual Estimates of the population for the Incorporated Places of Florida" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ cities/ tables/
SUB-EST2008-04-12. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-24.
[2] "Annual Estimates of the population for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ metro/ tables/
2008/ CBSA-EST2008-01. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-24.
[3] "American FactFinder" (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov). United States Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[4] "US Board on Geographic Names" (http:/ / geonames. usgs. gov). United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[5] http:/ / www. cocoafl. org [6] Price, Wayne (22 March 2009). "70 years & counting". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today.. pp. 1E.
[7] "History" (http:/ / www. cocoafl. org/ index. aspx?NID=132). cocoafl.org. 2010-01-17. .
[8] History (http:/ / www. cocoafl. org/ index. aspx?nid=131) Cocoa, Fla. Official Website. Accessed on 2009-06-24.
[9] Basu, Rebecca (14 March 2010). "Cocoa's class of 1950 shares life stories at reunion" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100314/
LIFE/ 3140303/ Cocoa-s-class-of-1950-shares-life-stories-at-reunion). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1D. .
[10] Spring Training online "Houston Astros" (http:/ / www. springtrainingonline. com/ teams/ houston-astros. htm)
[11] "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ geo/ www/ gazetteer/ gazette. html). United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. . Retrieved 2011-04-23. [12] Winston, Keith (25 December 2010). "Brevard Naturally:Citizen scientists collect vital information". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 4D.
[13] Berman, David (November 27, 2011). "Cocoa pays manager $145,000" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20111127/ NEWS01/
311270040/ Cocoa-pays-new-city-manager-145-000?odyssey=nav). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1B. .
[14] Berman, David (November 27, 2011). "Cocoa pays manager $145,000" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20111127/ NEWS01/
311270040/ Cocoa-pays-new-city-manager-145-000?odyssey=nav). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1B. . [15] Dean, James (April 26, 2008). More taxes or fewer services. Florida Today.
[16] "The Fact Book" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 99999999/ NEWS0310/ 3270308/ Fire-stations-). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): p. 29. March 26, 2011. .
[17] Summers, Keyonna (26 January 2010). "Cocoa eys pension expenses tonight" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100126/
BREAKINGNEWS/ 100126031/ 1086/ breakingnews/ Cocoa+ council+ puts+ off+ decision+ on+ police+ + fire+ pensions). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. . [18] Florida Today, "Cocoa holds off on YMCA", January 23, 2008
[19] http:/ / fdle. state. fl. us/ Content/ getdoc/ b8cd3f1a-c473-4307-9baa-229592396688/ CoMuOff2009annual. pdf
[20] Ryan, MacKenzie (15 December 2010). "Census data notes makeup of towns" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101215/
NEWS01/ 12150324/ Census-data-notes-makeup-of-towns). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. . [21] according to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
[22] (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=/ 20080824/ BUSINESS/ 808240313/ 1006/ news01) retrieved August 24, 2008
[23] Cocoa Community Data Sheet (http:/ / spacecoastedc. org/ portals/ 0/ municipalities/ cocoa/ cocoa community data. pdf) Economic Development Council of Florida's Space Coast. Retrieved on 2009-06-24.
[24] (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110220/ NEWS01/ 102200341/ Cocoa-s-Mardi-Gras-gets-new-face)
[25] Building Permits (http:/ / censtats. census. gov/ bldg/ bldgprmt. shtml) United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2009-06-24. [26] Rick Neale (2010-09-15). "'State of the System' identifies Brevard County's busiest roads". Florida Today. Florida Today.
[27] Space Coast Area Transit official website (http:/ / routefinder. ridescat. com/ maps/ fares. php) [28] "Editorial:Protecting liquid gold". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. 15 April 2009. pp. 10A.
[29] Florida Today - Hooking up your utilities (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=/ 99999999/ NEWS0310/
802230319/ -1/ news0310) retrieved June 9, 2008
[30] (http:/ / waterindustry. org/ Water-Facts/ reservoirs-florida. htm) retrieved June 24, 2008
[31] "Libraries and Collections | Florida Journalism History Project" (http:/ / www. uflib. ufl. edu/ jour/ fljhist/ collect. html). Uflib.ufl.edu. 2009-11-23. . Retrieved 2011-12-06.
[32] Space Coast Surge (http:/ / www. spacecoastsurge. com)
[33] Leesburg Daily Commercial article, November 19, 2009 (http:/ / www. dailycommercial. com/ localnews/ story/ 111909baseball)
[34] Schaefer, Gayla. "Communities create ties: Cocoa, Israeli town become sister cities with ceremony" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/
pbcs. dll/ article?Date=20070928& Category=NEWS0309& ArtNo=70928060& SectionCat=news0309), Florida Today, September 28, 2007. Accessed October 7, 2007. "As of Sunday, Oct. 7, the city of Cocoa and the city of Beit Shemesh, Israel will become sisters." Cocoa, Florida 51
External links
• City of Cocoa (http:/ / www. cocoafl. org/ ) official site
• Cocoa Village, the historic downtown area of Cocoa Florida (http:/ / www. cocoavillage. com/ )
• aerial views of the downtown area (http:/ / www. cocoavillage. com/ aerial) 52
Southern Brevard Co.
Rockledge, Florida
Rockledge, Florida — City —
Location in Brevard County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 28°19′30″N 80°43′58″W
Country United States
State Florida
County Brevard
Founded August 7, 1887
Government
• Type Council-Manager
• Mayor Larry L. Schultz
• City Manager James P. “Jim” McKnight
• Deputy Mayor, Chairman E. Georgia Phillips
• Vice Chairman Colleen Stuart
Area
• Total 12.2 sq mi (31.5 km2)
• Land 10.7 sq mi (27.7 km2)
• Water 1.5 sq mi (3.8 km2)
Elevation 23 ft (7 m)
[1] [2] Population (1 July 2008) Rockledge, Florida 53
• Total 24747
• Density 2312.8/sq mi (893.4/km2)
Census Bureau estimate
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 32955-32956
Area code(s) 321
[3] FIPS code 12-61500
[4] GNIS feature ID 0294132
Website www.cityofrockledge.org
Rockledge is the oldest city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The population was 20,170 at the 2000 census. As of 2008, the estimated population according to the U.S. Census Bureau is 24,747.[5] It is part of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 31.5 square kilometres (12.2 sq mi). 27.7 square kilometres (10.7 sq mi) of it is land and 3.8 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi) of it (12.15%) is water. It is bounded on the north by Cocoa, on the west by the St. Johns River and scrubland, to the south by Viera (unincorporated) and Melbourne, and to the east by the Indian River Lagoon and Merritt Island (unincorporated) on the opposite shore.
History The original name of Rockledge was Peru, named after the Peruvian Mining Company. The company set up small houses for the workers in the area.[6] Rockledge was officially founded on August 7, 1887, making it the oldest incorporated municipality in Brevard County.[7] The name Rockledge, attributed to Gardner S. Hardee, an early settler, comes from the many ledges of coquina rock that line the Indian River. It was originally referred to as Rock Ledge.[8] Early industry in the area was based on the citrus trade and accommodation for tourists traveling to South Florida via the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway of the Indian River. President Grover Cleveland, still in his first term, and his wife visited the city in 1888.[9] The town had several large hotels in the late 19th century to the early 20th century that catered to Northern tourists escaping cold winters. The condominiums are located where the Hotel Indian River was.
Demographics As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 20,170 people, 7,864 households, and 5,677 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,884.4 inhabitants per square mile (727.8/km²). There were 8,353 housing units at an average density of 780.4 per square mile (301.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.06% White, 14.64% African American, 0.28% Native American, 1.66% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.73% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.28% of the population. There were 7,864 households out of which 31.0% had children under the living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. Rockledge, Florida 54
22.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.93. Per the 2000 Census, the population was distributed as follows: • 23.8% under the age of 18 • 6.0% from 18 to 24 • 28.6% from 25 to 44 • 25.2% from 45 to 64 • 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males. In 2010, the city had the lowest percentage of people living in poverty than any other municipality measured in the county, 5%, compared to an average of 10% countywide.[10]
Government The City of Rockledge functions under a Council-Manager government. The Mayor and City Council members are elected to three-year terms. There are six City Council members whose terms are staggered to allow election of two council seats each year. The city holds municipal elections on the first Tuesday after the first Monday of November each year. While the Mayor and the City Council act as the legislative body of the City of Rockledge, the actual operation of the city and its functions lies with the City Manager and his departmental support staff consisting of Assistant City Manager/Finance Director, City Clerk/Public Relations Officer, Building Official, Fire Chief, Chief of Police, Director of Public Works and Director of Wastewater Treatment and Water Reclamation. The Chairman of the City Council appoints members of the City Council to serve on subcommittees and to represent the City Council on other governmental bodies that require the city's input.[11]
Finances In 2007, the city had a taxable real estate base of $1.55 billion.[12] In 2009-10, the city paid $2.2 million for solid waste disposal. This was furnished at a cost of $168.48 annually per residence. Non residential (business) collection cost $632.89 each, annually.[13]
Fire protection Along with one other city in the county, Rockledge has its own fire department with three stations. There is a county fire department within the city limits.[14]
Boards and Committees The City of Rockledge contains several citizen run boards and committees that make recommendations to the City of Rockledge on various issues. The positions held on the boards and committees are on a voluntary basis and non-paid. The list of boards and committees is as follows[15] : • Board of Adjustment • Board of Adjustment and Appeals • Business Development Committee • Citizens Advisory Committee • Citizens Recreation Advisory Board • Code Enforcement Board Rockledge, Florida 55
• Community Redevelopment Agency Board of Commissioners • Education Advisory Committee • Planning Commission • Retirement Board, Fire Employees • Retirement Board, General Employees • Retirement Board, Police Employees • The Rockledge Environmental Enhancement Board [16] The city publishes an official newsletter for residents of Rockledge.
Economy Local businesses focus on technology and aerospace, especially those related to nearby Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral. Citrus grove production is nominal, producing citrus confections, juice and souvenirs for the tourist trade and for local consumption.
Personal income The median income for a household in the city was $45,218, and the median income for a family was $52,332. Males had a median income of $39,434 versus $25,918 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,700. About 4.0% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.
Industry The leading industries in Rockledge, Florida are Educational, health and social services, 20%; Manufacturing, 12%; and Professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management services, 11%. [17] Rivian Automotive, a tiny start-up, plans to begin production of cars in 2013.[18]
Workforce In 2007, the average size of Rockledge's labor force was 11,886. Of that group, 11,455 were employed and 431 were unemployed, for an unemployment rate of 3.6%.[19] Among the most common occupations in Rockledge are Management, professional, and related occupations, 36%. Sales and office occupations, 28%. and Service occupations, 15%. Approximately 72 percent of workers in Rockledge, Florida work for companies, 19 percent work for the government and 6 percent are self-employed. [20] Rockledge, Florida 56
Housing In 2008, 45 building permits were issued for 105 units. This was down from 131 permits for 158 units in 2007, which was down from an estimated 106 permits for 341 units in 2006.[21] The median home price in 2007 was $214,965.[19] In February 2011, the average price of homes actually sold was $131,500.[22]
Education The public schools in are operated by the Brevard School Board. Local schools include Hans Christian Andersen Elementary; Golfview Elementary; John F. Kennedy Middle School; Ronald McNair Magnet Middle School; [23] and Rockledge High School. Private schools include St. Mary's Catholic School,[24] Rockledge Christian School,[25] Trinity Lutheran School,[26] and Rockledge Montessori School.[27]
Infrastructure
Transportation
Major roads
Rockledge is served by one Interstate 95 interchange (exit 195) and US1. Major roads are oriented towards the north-south road, US 1, with compass directions measured east and west from that road. The following are at least four-lane roads, unless otherwise designated. State Roads • SR 519 Fiske Blvd) is a State Road which at the southern most point connects to Stadium Parkway in Viera and at the northern most point to US1 in Cocoa. SR 519 is a four-lane road. County Roads
• CR 502 (Barnes Blvd) links US1, Murrell Road, SR519 and I-95. CR 502 is a two lane road except for the eastern most portion which has four lanes that eventually merge into two. National Roads
• U.S. 1. In 2010, this road was widened to 6 lanes throughout Rockledge. A landscaped median was installed. Construction in 2010 cost $27.5 million for 2.6 miles (4.2 km).This section of the road carries approximately 45,000 vehicles daily.[28]
Parks and Recreation Rockledge has the following parks[29] : • Anderson Stormwater Park • Barton Park [under construction] • Columbia Park • Community Park of Rockledge • Cruickshank Sanctuary • Golfview Park • Holland Park • McClarty Park • Memorial Walk at Levitt Park • Morris Park Rockledge, Florida 57
• Raider Park • River Groves Dock • Rockledge Park • Taylor Park • Valencia Dock
Historic Sites • H. S. Williams House • Rockledge Drive Residential District [30] • Whaley, Marion S., Citrus Packing House[31] • Persimmon Mound[32] • Barton Avenue Residential District [33] • Valencia Subdivision Residential District [34]
Notable residents • DeLane Matthews, actress, most notably as Beth Barry on Dave's World (1993–1997) • Jessi Peralta, Contestant on "So You Think You Can Dance 2007"[35] • Melissa Witek, Miss Florida USA 2005 and contestant on NBC's Treasure Hunters • Mel Mitchell, American football player with the New England Patriots • Laurent Robinson, American football player with the Dallas Cowboys
References
[1] "Annual Estimates of the population for the Incorporated Places of Florida" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ cities/ tables/
SUB-EST2008-04-12. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-24.
[2] "Annual Estimates of the population for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ metro/ tables/
2008/ CBSA-EST2008-01. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-24.
[3] "American FactFinder" (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov). United States Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[4] "US Board on Geographic Names" (http:/ / geonames. usgs. gov). United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[5] 2007 Population Estimates (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ cities/ files/ SUB-EST2007-12. csv) United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2009-06-23
[6] History of Rockledge (http:/ / traveltips. usatoday. com/ history-rockledge-florida-22625. html)
[7] About Rockledge (http:/ / www. cityofrockledge. org/ Pages/ RockledgeFL_WebDocs/ About)
[8] More History of Rockledge (http:/ / www. rockledgefloridahomes. com/ )
[9] Indian River Lagoon History (http:/ / indianriverlagoon. org/ irled/ oldirlg1. html)
[10] Ryan, MacKenzie (15 December 2010). "Census data notes makeup of towns" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101215/
NEWS01/ 12150324/ Census-data-notes-makeup-of-towns). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[11] Mayor & City Council (http:/ / www. cityofrockledge. org/ Pages/ RockledgeFL_Council/ index) City of Rockledge. Retrieved on 2009-06-23 [12] Dean, James (April 26, 2008). More taxes or fewer services. Florida Today. [13] "City of Rockledge:Full Cost Accounting of Solid Waste Services Fiscal year - 2009 - 2010 (paid public notice)". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 2B. March 31, 2011.
[14] "The Fact Book" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 99999999/ NEWS0310/ 3270308/ Fire-stations-). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 29. March 26, 2011. .
[15] List of City of Rockledge Boards and Committees (http:/ / www. cityofrockledge. org/ Pages/ RockledgeFL_BComm/ index)
[16] About Town (http:/ / www. cityofrockledge. org/ Pages/ RockledgeFL_About/ )
[17] Simply Hired : Rockledge, FL (http:/ / www. simplyhired. com/ a/ local-jobs/ city/ l-Rockledge,+ FL)
[18] "Avera Motors of Rockledge becomes Rivian Automotiv" (http:/ / www. webcitation. org/ 5xFokIFG7). Florida Today. 10 March 2011.
Archived from the original (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110311/ BUSINESS/ 103110315/ Avera-Motors-Rockledge-becomes-Rivian-Automotive) on 17 March 2011. . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
[19] Rockledge Community Data Sheet (http:/ / www. spacecoastedc. org/ portals/ 0/ municipalities/ rockledge/ rockledge community data. pdf) Economic Development Council of Florida's Space Coast. Retrieved on 2009-06-23
[20] Simply Hired : Rockledge, FL (http:/ / www. simplyhired. com/ a/ local-jobs/ city/ l-Rockledge,+ FL) Rockledge, Florida 58
[21] Building Permits (http:/ / censtats. census. gov/ bldg/ bldgprmt. shtml) United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2009-06-23
[22] (http:/ / www. spacecoastedc. org/ portals/ 0/ municipalities/ rockledge/ rockledge. pdf)
[23] Ronald McNair Magnet Middle School (http:/ / mcnair. ms. brevard. k12. fl. us/ )
[24] St. Mary's Catholic School (http:/ / stmarys-school. org/ )
[25] Rockledge Christian School (http:/ / www. rcswarriors. org/ cms/ )
[26] Trinity Lutheran School (http:/ / trinity-rockledge. org)
[27] Rockledge Montessori School (http:/ / rockledgemontessori. com)
[28] Basu, Rebecca (3 December 2010). "Rockledge U.S. 1 upgrade is done" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=201012030318). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. .
[29] City of Rockledge Parks (http:/ / www. cityofrockledge. org/ Pages/ RockledgeFL_Recreation/ index)
[30] Rockledge Historic Places (http:/ / www. hellorockledge. com/ history. cfm)
[31] Rockledge Historic Places (http:/ / www. hellorockledge. com/ history. cfm)
[32] Rockledge Historic Places (http:/ / www. hellorockledge. com/ history. cfm)
[33] Rockledge Historic Places (http:/ / www. hellorockledge. com/ history. cfm)
[34] Rockledge Historic Places (http:/ / www. hellorockledge. com/ history. cfm)
[35] http:/ / www. tvguide. com/ news/ you-think-dance-41803. aspx
External links
• City of Rockledge (http:/ / www. cityofrockledge. org) official site
• Old Photos and Postcards from the Rockledge Heritage Foundation (http:/ / homepage. mac. com/ esisco/ Menu2. html)
• Newspaper (http:/ / www. townrockledge. com) Melbourne, Florida 59 Melbourne, Florida
Melbourne, Florida — City —
Downtown Melbourne
Seal Logo
Nickname(s): The Harbor City
Location in Brevard County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 28°7′N 80°38′W
Country United States
State Florida
County Brevard
Settled c. 1867
Incorporated (village) 22 December 1888 Melbourne, Florida 60
Government
• Type Council-Manager
• Mayor Harry Goode
• City Manager Jack M. Schluckebier
[1] Area
• City 35.49 sq mi (91.9 km2)
• Land 30.20 sq mi (78.2 km2)
• Water 5.29 sq mi (13.7 km2) 14.9%
Elevation 20 ft (6 m)
[2] [3] Population (2009)
• City 78323
• Metro 536521
Census Bureau estimate
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 32901, 32934, 32935, 32940, 32902, 32912, 32936, 32941, 32904
Area code 321
[4] FIPS code 12-43975
[5] GNIS feature ID 0294589
[6] Website City of Melbourne
Melbourne /ˈmɛlbərn/ is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. As of 2009, the population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau is 78,323. The municipal area is the second largest by size and by population in the county.[2] Melbourne is a principal city of the Palm Bay – Melbourne – Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1969 the city was expanded by merging with nearby Eau Gallie. The city was named Melbourne in honor of its first postmaster, Cornthwaite John Hector, an Englishman who had spent much of his life in Melbourne, Australia.[7]
History
Early human occupation Evidence for the presence of Paleo-Indians in the Melbourne area during the late Pleistocene epoch was uncovered during the 1920s. C. P. Singleton, a Harvard University zoologist, discovered the bones of a Mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) on his property along Crane Creek, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from Melbourne, and brought in Amherst College paleontologist Frederick B. Loomis to excavate the skeleton. Loomis found a second elephant, with a "large rough flint instrument"[8] among fragments of the elephant's ribs. Loomis found in the same stratum mammoth, mastodon, horse, ground sloth, tapir, pessary, camel and saber-tooth cat bones, all extinct in Florida since the end of the Pleistocene 10,000 years ago. At a nearby site a human rib and charcoal were found in association with Mylodon, Megalonyx and Chlamytherium (ground sloths) teeth. A finely worked spearpoint found with these items may have been displaced from a later stratum. In 1925 attention shifted to the Melbourne golf course. A crushed human skull with finger, arm and leg bones was found in association with a horse tooth. A piece of ivory that appeared to have Melbourne, Florida 61
been modified by humans was found at the bottom of the stratum containing bones. Other finds included a spear point near a mastodon bone and a turtle-back scraper and a blade found with bear, camel, mastodon, horse and tapir bones.[9] Similar human remains, Pleistocene animals and Paleo-Indian artefacts were found in Vero Beach, 30 miles south of Melbourne, and similar Paleo-Indian artefacts were found at Helen Blazes, ten miles southwest of Melbourne.
Settlement
After the Civil War, pioneer families arrived and Melbourne was founded in 1867 by former slaves. The city, formerly called "Crane Creek",[10] was named Melbourne in honor of its first postmaster, Cornthwaite John Hector, an Englishman who had spent much of his life in Melbourne, Australia.[7] He is buried in the Melbourne Cemetery, along with many early residents in the
The Hotel Carleton c. 1907 area. The first school in Melbourne was built in 1883 and is now owned and on permanent exhibit on the Florida Tech campus. By 1885, the town had 70 people.[11] The Greater Allen Chapel African Methodist Episcopal Church was founded in 1885 and is still active.[12]
In the late 1890s, the Brownlie-Maxwell Funeral Home opened and is still in business. The oldest black-owned business in the county is Tucker's Cut-Rate plumbing. It opened in 1934.[13] In late 1942 the Naval Air Station Melbourne was established as a site to train newly commissioned Navy and Marine pilots for World War II. The program ran until 1946, and the land that was used for that program makes up most of what is currently the Melbourne International Airport.[14] In 1969, the cities of Eau Gallie and Melbourne voted to merge, forming modern day Melbourne. In 2009, Liberty Aerospace cut its workforce to 32 people.[15]
Geography Melbourne is located approximately 60 miles (97 km) southeast of Orlando on the Space Coast along Interstate 95. It is approximately midway between Jacksonville and Miami. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 35.49 square miles (91.9 km2). 30.20 square miles (78.2 km2) of it is land and 5.29 square miles (13.7 km2) of it (14.9%) is water.[1] The east-west street, Brevard Avenue was historically the "center" of town; with addresses called "north" and "south" of this street. The north-south Babcock street provided the same centerline for "east" and "west" direction. Melbourne Beachside has a small presence on the South Beaches barrier island. It is often confused with Melbourne Beach, a separate political entity. Melbourne, Florida 62
Climate
The city has a Köppen climate classification of humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers.[16] Tropical palms such as coconut, royal palms, and Christmas palms, are sometimes grown, but die when subjected to occasional freezes. On August 20, 2008, Tropical Storm Fay dropped 18.21 inches (46.3 cm).[17] Snow is rare, with the last snowfall recorded on January 9, 2010.[18]
Crane Creek
Climate data for Melbourne, Florida Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 72 73 77 81 85 89 91 90 88 83 78 73 81.7 (22) (23) (25) (27) (29) (32) (33) (32) (31) (28) (26) (23) (27.6)
Average low °F (°C) 50 51 55 60 66 71 72 73 72 67 60 53 63 (10) (11) (13) (16) (19) (22) (22) (23) (22) (19) (16) (12) (16.9)
Precipitation inches 2.48 2.49 2.92 2.08 3.94 5.83 5.38 5.78 7.20 4.76 3.12 2.31 48.29 (mm) (63) (63.2) (74.2) (52.8) (100.1) (148.1) (136.7) (146.8) (182.9) (120.9) (79.2) (58.7) (1226.6)
[19] Source: U.S. Climate Data
[20]
Demographics As of the census of 2010, there were 76,068 people residing in the city. The population density was 2,246.4 per square mile (912.6/km²). There were 38,955 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 80.9% White, 10.3% African American, 8.9% persons of Hispanic or Latino origin, 0.3% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 3.1% from two or more races.[21] There were 30,788 households out of which 24.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.82. In the city the age distribution of the population shows 20.7% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 94.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males. Melbourne, Florida 63
Government The Melbourne City Council consists of the mayor and six district council members.[22] [23] Melbourne utilizes a Council-Manager form of government.[24] City Officials[25] • Harry Goode, Mayor - Re-elected on November 2008, term expires November 2012 • Mike Nowlin, District 1 Council Member - Elected on November 2008, term expires November 2012 • Mark LaRusso, District 2 Council Member - Elected on November 2010, term expires November 2014 • Kathy Meehan, District 3 Council Member - Re-elected on November 2004, term expires November 2012 • John Thomas, District 4 Council Member and Vice Mayor - Elected on November 2010, term expires November 2014 • Molly Tasker, District 5 Council Member - Elected on November 2008, term expires November 2012 • Greg Jones, District 6 Council Member - Elected on November 2010, term expires November 2014 The following are appointed by the council: • Paul R. Gougelman, III, City Attorney • Jack M. Schluckebier, City Manager • Cathleen A. Wysor, City Clerk Melbourne city officials created the Babcock Street Redevelopment District in 1998 to stimulate new development along Babcock Street from U.S. 1 south to U.S. 192. A 218-unit apartment complex being built is just the latest (2005) step in an effort to revitalize this area. Melbourne is also attempting to revitalize the downtown Eau Gallie Riverfront district. A $156 million budget was proposed for the 2007-8 fiscal year.[26] In 2007, the city had a taxable real estate base of $4.96 billion.[27] A 2011 study rated the general pension fund for city employees highly at 190%. Less favorably rated were the pension plans for fire and police employees.[28] In 2009, the city had 870 full-time employees and 176 part-time.[29]
Public safety In 2010, the city employed 170 police, 140 of which were unionized.[30] For administration, the city is divided into ten areas which require patrol.[31] A 2009 survey indicated that the city was ranked 84 out of 400 in crime statistics, with #1 being the worst. Crimes included murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, and motor vehicle theft.[32] A 2009 Halloween street party sponsored by a downtown restaurant, attracted an estimated 8,000-10,000 people. This overwhelmed the downtown area. Police could not function. Street parties were curtailed until public safety issued were addressed.[33] Melbourne, Florida 64
Economy
Personal income The median income for a household in the city was $34,571, and the median income for a family was $42,760. Males had a median income of $32,242 versus $22,419 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,175. In Melbourne, about 8.6% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.
Industry The Melbourne International Airport is located near the center of the city. Melbourne contains defense and technology companies with a high concentration of high-tech workers.[34] The following corporations have operations in Melbourne: • DRS Technologies, employed 910 workers in 2009.[35] Another reference says 1,800 workers in 2009, 1,300 in 2010.[36] • General Electric Transportation Systems and GE Energy • Harris Corporation (including corporate headquarters) • Northrop Grumman employed 1,640 workers in 2009[35] • Rockwell Collins employed 1,430 in 2009.[35] • Embraer completed a 89000 square feet (8300 m2) hanger and administrative office at the Melbourne Airport in February 2011.[37] LiveTV has its headquarters in Melbourne.[38]
Workforce In 2007, the average size of Melbourne's labor force was 39,391. Of that group, 37,708 were employed and 1,683 were unemployed, for an unemployment rate of 4.3%.[39]
Housing In 2008, 259 building permits were issued for 263 units. There were 209 permits issued for 320 units in 2007, which was down from 329 permits for 512 units in 2006.[40] The median home price in 2007 was $215,000.[39] In May 2005, the Melbourne-Titusville–Palm Bay area was among the top 20 in home price appreciation from 2003 to 2004.[41]
Competitiveness In 2009, Forbes ranked the area 18th out of 100 Metropolitan Statistical Areas and first out of 8 metros in Florida for affordable housing, and short commute times, among others.[42]
Retail and commerce Melbourne has two downtown business districts, a result of the merger of Eau Gallie into Melbourne: • Downtown Eau Gallie Arts District • Historic Downtown Melbourne. Among other retail outlets, this has 26 eating and drinking establishments within a four block extent.[43] Melbourne, Florida 65
Healthcare The area has four hospitals, day care for senior citizens, hospice, walk-in and urgent care facilities.[44] There is Holmes Regional Medical Center, Wuesthoff Medical Center Melbourne Campus, and Kindred Hospital which does not accept emergency patients. A new Viera hospital was opened in May 2011.
Tourism The city has two golf courses. There were 96,477 rounds played in 2009-10. Revenues were $2,207,502. Rounds and revenue have been dropping since 2006. in 2011, the city raised rates for residents to the same as for non-residents, $27 per round or $522 annual fee.[45]
Arts and culture
Annual cultural events • The annual Melbourne Independent Filmmakers' Festival, held in early November, provides a venue for new filmmaker talent. • The Melbourne Area Pilots Association hosts a General Aviation Day at Melbourne International Airport in September. • The Annual IndiaFest And India Day that are held in February and in August. • The Melbourne Arts Festival, held in April, draws from 50,000-60,000 visitors.[46] • The Melbourne Oktoberfest has been held each October since 1977.[47] Most recently this was held at the Wickham Park Pavilion. • Christian churches have been producing a "Bible on Parade" since 1990. Each participating church portrays a book of the Bible. A spokesperson said in 2011, that it may be the only one of it's kind in America.[48]
Museums and points of interest
Historic sites
There are three places on the National Register of Historic Places[49] : • Florida Power and Light Company Ice Plant (1927) located at 1604 South Harbor City Boulevard • William H. Gleason House located at 1736 Pineapple Avenue • James Wadsworth Rossetter House (c.1860s) located at 1320 Highland Avenue The following places are also historic: • Henegar Center (1919) located at 625 East New Haven Avenue • Holy Trinity Episcopal Church (1886) located at 50 West Rossetter House Strawbridge Avenue • Melbourne Bone Bed located at Crane Creek • Nannie Lee House - Strawberry Mansion (1905) located at 1218 East New Haven Avenue • Roesch House (c.1901) located at 1320 Highland Avenue • Winchester Symphony House (1890s) located at 1500 Highland Avenue Melbourne, Florida 66
Museums
• Foosaner Art Museum located on 1463 Highland Avenue • Historic Rossetter House Museum located on 1320 Highland Avenue • Liberty Bell Memorial Museum located on 1601 Hickory Street
Performing arts
Groups Gleason House
• Brevard Symphony Orchestra • City of Melbourne Pipes and Drums
Buildings
• Henegar Center for the Arts • Maxwell C. King Center for the Performing Arts • Melbourne Auditorium located on Hibiscus Boulevard
Roesch House
Sports Melbourne was an official host city for the 1996 Olympic Torch Relay.[50] There are co-ed adult and youth sports programs in flag football and ultimate frisbee.[51]
Parks, recreation, and attractions The City of Melbourne contains over 554.72 acres (2.2 km2) of city park land, including 17 community parks,[52] 13 neighborhood parks,[53] and five smaller city parks.[54] • Brevard Zoo • Wickham Park Melbourne, Florida 67
Education
88.5% of all residents 25 years or older are high school graduates. 25.7% have a Bachelor's Degree or higher.[39] Public Schools are run by the Brevard County School Board.
Brevard Zoo
Colleges and universities
• Brevard Community College • Florida Institute of Technology • Florida State University Satellite Campus • University of Central Florida Regional Campus [55] • Keiser University [56] • Everest University
Elementary schools[57]
• Roy Allen Elementary • Ascension Catholic School • Dr. W. J. Creel Elementary • Croton Elementary • Harbor City Elementary • Holy Trinity Episcopal Academy Lower School (Preschool – 6) • Longleaf Elementary [58] • Meadowlane Primary [59] • Meadowlane Intermediate • New Covenant Christian School • Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School • Quest Elementary • Sabal Elementary • Sherwood Elementary • Suntree Elementary • University Park Elementary Melbourne, Florida 68
Middle schools [60] • Ascension Catholic School • Central Middle School • Florida Air Academy • Holy Trinity Episcopal Academy Upper School • L. B. Johnson Middle School • New Covenant Christian School • Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School • Stone Middle School
High schools
• Brevard Christian School • Eau Gallie High School • Florida Air Academy • Holy Trinity Episcopal Academy Upper School • Melbourne Central Catholic High School • Melbourne High School • Palm Bay High School • New Covenant Christian School • West Shore Junior/Senior High School
Education
• Palm Bay High Adult/Community Education • South Area Adult Center
Media
Print • Florida Today - Space Coast and Central Florida • The Crimson[61] - The Florida Institute of Technology Student-Run Newspaper
Television Cable is provided by Bright House Networks.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Major roads Roads in the older part of the city, in what is today the southeast, are oriented towards the north-south road, Babcock, with compass directions measured east and west from that road. In the same area, the east-west road, Brevard Avenue, separate compass directions north and south. All are at least four-lane roads, unless otherwise designated.
• U.S. 1. Harbor City Boulevard is the local street name, and it runs parallel to the Indian River on the eastern side of the city. This road allows access to the beaches over 3 causeways: Pineda, Eau Gallie, and Melbourne Causeway. • U.S. Route 192 Melbourne, Florida 69
• Locally named New Haven Avenue and Strawbridge Avenue (downtown), pass through commercial, entertainment, and retail areas of Melbourne. It serves as a route to Kissimmee and the tourist corridor of Orlando to the west, and the town of Indialantic to the east via the Melbourne Causeway. • Interstate 95 • There are two exits - Exit 180 (U.S. Route 192) and Exit 183 (Eau Gallie Blvd.) Another interchange is being constructed near mile 188 to accommodate the expansion of the Pineda Causeway. While Exit 191 (Wickham Road) serves the Melbourne area, it is not marked as such. • SR A1A • This road runs along the beaches and provides access to other areas of Brevard County. • SR 507 - Babcock Street • SR 404 - Pineda Causeway • SR 508 - NASA Boulevard • SR 518 - Eau Gallie Boulevard • CR 509 - Wickham/Minton Road. Up to 38,680 cars use Wickham road weekdays. The average is 33, 850.[62] • CR 511 - John Rodes Boulevard/Aurora Road • CR 516 - Palm Bay Road
Rail
The Union Cypress Company Railroad ran east to west through south Melbourne in the early 1900s. The mill town of Hopkins was near the present day streets of Mill Street and Main Street. The Florida East Coast Railway runs through Melbourne, staying west of U.S. 1 through its entire run.
Bus
• Space Coast Area Transit operates a public bus service in Melbourne and vicinity. The city subsidizes two routes internal to the city so Melbourne residents ride for free.[63] • Greyhound Bus Lines has a bus station in Melbourne[64] Historical Marker (click to enlarge) Melbourne, Florida 70
Airport
The Melbourne International Airport (IATA: MLB, ICAO: KMLB, FAA LID: MLB) is located about 1 1/2 miles northwest of the city's original business district.
Utilities
Power is provided by Florida Power and Light. Gas is provided by Florida City Gas. Cable TV service is provided by Bright House Networks. Satellite reception in Florida varies from area to area and often have service interruptions with Florida's erratic weather patterns and random cloud cover. Traditional landline telephone service is mainly provided by AT&T, while some cable customers use Bright House Networks digital phone (VOIP) service. Internet Service Providers in Melbourne range from various 56 kbit/s providers, AT&T (formerly BellSouth) FastAccess DSL, and Bright House Networks cable internet, which uses Road Runner as their ISP. Fiber optic networks are installed in the city mainly for business purposes and have not been integrated for home use. The Water Department not only provides water for the city, but surrounding towns and cities for a premium, including Melbourne Beach, Indialantic, Indian Harbour Melbourne Water Tower Beach, Satellite Beach, Palm Shores, Melbourne Village and a portion of Brevard County. Wholesale water service is provided to West Melbourne. The total distribution area is about 100 square miles (259 km2)[65] Two water treatment plants take water from Lake Washington and deep wells, providing 25000000 US gallons ( litres; imperial gallons) of drinking water per day. This water is treated with chloramine and ozone.[66] [67] In 2003, water rates were $2.27/1000 US gallons (3785 l) sewer $4.47/1000 US gallons (3785 l).[68]
Solid Waste & Recycling is provided by Solid Waste Management, part of the City of Melbourne government's Environmental Community Outreach (ECO) Division. Melbourne, Florida 71
Namesakes The Melbourne Square Mall, located on US 192 west of downtown, is the largest shopping area in Brevard County.
Notable residents • Thomas Barbour - author and naturalist, lived in Eau Gallie as a boy[69] • Robbie Carrico - Season 7 contestant on American Idol • Bobby Dall - resident, bass player for the band Poison • Cecil Fielder - professional baseball player. His son, Prince Fielder, also lived here and went to Eau Gallie High School • William Henry Gleason - founded and lived in Eau Gallie • Darrell Hammond - comedian and actor. Resided in Melbourne 1953-1975 • Devon Hughes - professional wrestler better known as Brother Devon from Total Nonstop Action Wrestling • Vicky Hurst - professional golfer; graduated from Holy Trinity.[70] • Zora Neale Hurston - author, lived in Eau Gallie in the 1920s and 1950s[71] • Billy Lane - owner of Choppers, Inc. and builder of custom motorcycles. • Jeff Lett - birthplace of bass player of Cartel • Melbourne Man - human who lived in Melbourne in 10,000 BC • Jim Morrison - birthplace of the lead singer for The Doors • Henry Mucci - US Army colonel who led the Great Raid in World War II to free the Bataan survivors - retired to Melbourne • Bill Nelson - United States Senator from Florida, graduated from Melbourne High School in 1960[72] • Reggie Nelson - birthplace of professional football player • Jamie Noble, professional wrestler.[73] • Hans von Ohain - one of the first people to develop the jet engine. Retired and died in Melbourne. • Will Perdue - birthplace of retired NBA forward/center (Chicago Bulls)[74] • Stanford Parris - former U.S. Congressman from Virginia, was a primary resident of Melbourne after leaving Congress.[75] • Tom Rapp - Singer/songwriter. Leader of 60s/70s band Pearls Before Swine, lived here from childhood • Stefanie Scott - birthplace of teenage actress, who stars on the Disney show A.N.T. Farm • Jason Steele - State Representative 1980-2 • Tim Wakefield - birthplace of baseball player (Boston Red Sox)
Notes
[1] "Florida by Place. Population, Housing, Area, and Density: 2000" (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov/ servlet/ GCTTable?_bm=y&
-geo_id=04000US12& -_box_head_nbr=GCT-PH1& -ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U& -format=ST-7). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2007-10-24.
[2] "Annual Estimates of the population for the Incorporated Places of Florida" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ cities/ tables/
SUB-EST2008-04-12. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-23.
[3] "Annual Estimates of the population for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ metro/ tables/
2008/ CBSA-EST2008-01. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-23.
[4] "American FactFinder" (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov). United States Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[5] "US Board on Geographic Names" (http:/ / geonames. usgs. gov). United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[6] http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/
[7] "The History of Melbourne, Florida" (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ history/ ). . [8] Purdy:23 [9] Purdy:23-9 [10] Kennerly, Britt (10 January 2011). "Freed slaves helped map out local history". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1A. [11] Kellersberger, Julia Lake. Rooted in Florida Soil, Florida Institute of Technology Press, 1971, p. 12. Melbourne, Florida 72
[12] Neale, Rick (1 March 2010). "Church has 125 reasons to smile" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100301/ NEWS01/ 3010304/
1006/ Melbourne+ church+ has+ 125+ reasons+ to+ smile). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 9A. . [13] Price, Wayne (22 March 2009). "70 years & counting". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today.. pp. 1E.
[14] The History of Melbourne Florida (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ info/ history. htm)
[15] Florida Today (http:/ / pqasb. pqarchiver. com/ floridatoday/ access/ 1926186661. html?FMT=ABS& date=Dec+ 20,+ 2009)
[16] Randy Lascody (202-03). "The Onset of the Wet and Dry Seasons in East Central Florida- A Subtropical Wet-Dry Climate?" (http:/ / www.
srh. noaa. gov/ mlb/ ?n=wetdryseason). National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Melbourne, Florida. NOAA. .
[17] "Tropical Storm Fay continues to drift west" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20080821/ BREAKINGNEWS/ 308210003/ Tropical-Storm-Fay-continues-to-drift-west). Florida Today. Florida Today. 2008-08-21. .
[18] # ^ http:/ / www. wftv. com/ news/ 22191710/ detail. html
[19] "Monthly averages for Santa Ana, California" (http:/ / www. usclimatedata. com/ climate. php?location=USCA1016). . Retrieved Feb 27 2009.
[20] http:/ / www. wftv. com/ news/ 22191710/ detail. html
[21] "State & County QuickFacts 2010" (http:/ / quickfacts. census. gov/ qfd/ states/ 12/ 1243975. html). U.S. Census Bureau. . Retrieved 26 October 2011.
[22] Map of City Council Districts - City of Melbourne, Florida (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ info/ cmap. htm)
[23] Melbourne City Council Members - City of Melbourne, Florida (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ info/ council_info. htm)
[24] Council-Manager Form of Government - City of Melbourne, Florida (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ info/ form. htm)
[25] http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ forms/ pdf-forms/ officials. pdf
[26] Florida Today (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=/ 20070724/ NEWS01/ 707240330/ 1006) retrieved July 24,
2007 Archived (http:/ / web. archive. org/ 20070930014436/ http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=/ 20070724/
NEWS01/ 707240330/ 1006) September 30, 2007 at the Wayback Machine [27] Dean, James (April 26, 2008). More taxes or fewer services. Florida Today.
[28] Walker, Don (November 11, 2011). "Cities pensions among the best, bottom" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=2011311100046). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 4B. .
[29] "Information about the City of Melbourne, Florida" (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ info/ ). City of Melbourne, Florida. 2010-10-24. .
[30] Downs, Megan (7 March 2010). "Union letter critical of chief" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100307/ NEWS01/ 3070317/
1006/ news01/ Union+ letter+ critical+ of+ chief). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. .
[31] (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ police/ melbmap. htm)
[32] Moody, R. Norman (28 November 2009). "Brevard crime up, down" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=200991127032). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 5B. .
[33] Cervenra, Susanne (13 January 2010). "Melbourne council suspends gated street events" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/
20100113/ NEWS01/ 1130356/ Melbourne-suspends-gated-street-parties). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today): pp. 1B. .
[34] U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Metro areas with highest percentages of high-tech workers” (http:/ / www. bls. gov/
opub/ ted/ 2003/ aug/ wk3/ art05. htm). Bureau of Labor Statistics website, August 25, 2003. Accessed October 23, 2007.
[35] "Brevard County School Budget 2009:General information" (http:/ / www. brevardcounty. us/ budgetoffice/ budget/ 2009_2010/ pdf/
general information. pdf). .
[36] Peterson, Patrick (20 December 2010). "DRS opens new, expanded offices" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101220/
BUSINESS/ 12200307/ DRS-opens-new-expanded-offices-in-Melbourne). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 20A. .
[37] Price, Wayne T. (5 November 2010). "Embraer facilty nearly done" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101105/ BUSINESS/
11050317/ Embraer-facility-nearly-done). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 6C. .
[38] " Where we are (http:/ / www. livetv. net/ about_where. html)." LiveTV. Retrieved on January 19, 2010.
[39] Melbourne Community Data Sheet (http:/ / spacecoastedc. org/ portals/ 0/ municipalities/ melbourne/ melbourne community data. pdf) Economic Development Council of Florida's Space Coast. Retrieved on 2009-07-23.
[40] Building Permits (http:/ / censtats. census. gov/ bldg/ bldgprmt. shtml) United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2009-07-23.
[41] ""Home prices up 11% in fourth quarter" by Steve Kerch for MarketWatch" (http:/ / www. marketwatch. com/ news/ story/
home-prices-up-fourth-quarter/ story. aspx?guid={D3FFE342-BC54-4496-956F-F5D0AA789D2E}). .
[42] Price, Wayne T. (8 November 2009). "Forbes:Brevard's got bang for buck" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20091208/ BUSINESS/
912080318/ Forbes-magazine-says-Brevard-one-of-America-s-best-places). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[43] Cervenka, Susanne (April 24, 2011). "Downtown Identity" (http:/ / www. tallahassee. com/ article/ A9/ 20110424/ BUSINESS/ 110422023/ Examining-Melbourne-s-downtown-identity). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1E. .
[44] Community Links - City of Melbourne, Florida (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ links/ comlinks. htm)
[45] Cervenka, Susanne (March 31, 2011). "Residents lose discount on golf" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110331/ NEWS01/
103310313/ Melbourne-residents-lose-discount-municipal-golf-courses). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1A. .
[46] Best, Keilani (6 March 2010). "Festivals boost economy" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100306/ BUSINESS/ 3060306/ 1006/
NEWS01/ Festivals+ boost+ economy). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 7C. .
[47] (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20081019/ NEWS01/ 810190317/ 1006/ news01& referrer=NEWSFRONTCAROUSEL)
[48] Courbat, Cindi (December 4, 2011). "Parade gives meaning to season" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20111204/ NEWS01/
312040026/ Bible-Parade-gives-meaning-season). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1B. . Melbourne, Florida 73
[49] Brevard places on National Register of Historic Places (http:/ / www. nationalregisterofhistoricplaces. com/ fl/ Brevard/ state. html)
[50] Information about the City of Melbourne, Florida (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ info/ )
[51] American Sports League (http:/ / www. ASLBrevard. com)
[52] Community Parks - Parks Division - City of Melbourne, Florida (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ leisure/ parks-comm. htm)
[53] Neighborhood Parks - Parks Division - City of Melbourne, Florida (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ leisure/ parks-neigh. htm)
[54] Other Parks - Parks Division - City of Melbourne, Florida (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ leisure/ parks-other. htm)
[55] Keiser University (http:/ / www. keiseruniversity. edu/ )
[56] Everest University (http:/ / www. everest. edu/ )
[57] Schools Listing (http:/ / www. brevard. k12. fl. us/ schools/ Schools/ schools. html)
[58] Meadowlane Primary (http:/ / www. meadowlane. brevard. k12. fl. us/ )
[59] Meadowlane Intermediate (http:/ / meadowlane. is. brevard. k12. fl. us/ )
[60] (http:/ / www. ascensioncatholicsch. org)
[61] (http:/ / crimson. fit. edu)
[62] Neale, Rick (February 2010). "box:System reduces Wickham delays" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100227/ NEWS01/
2270315/ 1169/ NEWS0308/ Traffic+ light+ system+ on+ Wickham+ Road+ a+ smart+ investment+ + study+ says). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 3A. .
[63] Space Coast Area Transit official website (http:/ / routefinder. ridescat. com/ maps/ fares. php)
[64] Information about Melbourne Greyhound station (http:/ / www. greyhound. com/ scripts/ en/ TicketCenter/ terminal. asp?city=470987)
[65] Melbourne Water Supply (http:/ / melbourneflorida. org/ watercon/ watersupply. htm) retrieved June 9, 2008
[66] Melbourne's Water Supply (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ watercon/ watersupply. htm) retrieved November 18, 2011
[67] 2011 City of Melbourne - Annual Drinking Water Quality Report (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ pub/ pub-pdf/ waterquality. pdf). Melbourne, Florida: City of Melbourne, Florida. 2011. ISBN 0-06-621330-4. .
[68] (http:/ / www. swfwmd. state. fl. us/ documents/ reports/ water_rate_report. pdf) [69] Bowe Gardeners. A Tribute to Thomas Barbour (1884 - 1946) memorial dated 1976 located in Ballard Park, Melbourne, Florida.
[70] Cherry, Mike (25 December 2009). "Herschel & Hurst" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20091225/ SPORTS/ 912250320/
FLORIDA+ TODAY+ s+ Top+ 10+ sports+ stories). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 3C. .
[71] Zora Neale Hurston Digital Archive @ University of Florida (http:/ / pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/ ~zoraneal/ communities. php) retrieved February 10, 2011
[72] Biographical Dictionary of the United States Congress - NELSON, Clarence William (Bill), (1942-) (http:/ / bioguide. congress. gov/
scripts/ biodisplay. pl?index=n000032) retrieved February 10, 2011
[73] (http:/ / www. register-herald. com/ sports/ local_story_208222558. html?keyword=topstory)
[74] (http:/ / www. basketball-reference. com/ players/ p/ perduwi01. html)
[75] Schapiro, Jeff (March 27, 2010). "Former six-term Rep. Stanford E. Parris dies at 80" (http:/ / www2. timesdispatch. com/ rtd/ news/
state_regional/ state_regional_govtpolitics/ article/ former_6-term_n. va. _congressman_stan_parris_dies/ 333396/ ). Richmond Times-Dispatch. . Retrieved March 28, 2010.
References • Purdy, Barbara A. (2008). Florida's People During the Last Ice Age. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-3204-7
External links
• City of Melbourne Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Website (http:/ / gis. melbourneflorida. org/ )
• City of Melbourne Official Website (http:/ / www. melbourneflorida. org/ )
• City of Melbourne Police Department Official Website (http:/ / www. melbournefl. org/ police)
• Code of the City of Melbourne (http:/ / www. municode. com/ resources/ gateway. asp?pid=10710& sid=9) Palm Bay, Florida 74 Palm Bay, Florida
Palm Bay — City —
Logo
Motto: A perfect place to grow
Location in Brevard County and the state of Florida
Coordinates: 27°59′52.52″N 80°40′12.03″W
Country United States
State Florida
County Brevard
Government
• Type Council-Manager
• Mayor John Mazziotti
• City Manager Sue Hann
[1] Area
• City 66.75 sq mi (172.9 km2)
• Land 63.65 sq mi (164.8 km2)
• Water 3.1 sq mi (8.0 km2) 4.64%
Elevation 19 ft (5 m)
[2] [3] Population (1 July 2008)
• City 100786
• Metro 536521
Census Bureau estimate Palm Bay, Florida 75
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 32905-32911
Area code(s) 321
[4] FIPS code 12-54000
[5] GNIS feature ID 0288389
Website http:/ / www. palmbayflorida. org
Palm Bay is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the city's population as 100,786 on 1 July 2008;[2] it is the most populous city in the county. Palm Bay is a principal city[6] of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 536,521 on 1 July 2008.[3]
History The Timucuan Indians, attracted to the mouth of Turkey Creek at the Indian River by fresh water springs, fish, oysters, and wildlife, are thought to have been the first inhabitants in the Palm Bay area. Palm Bay's recent history began in the 1850s when the first European settlers built homes along Turkey Creek. Originally referred to as Tillman, the settlement was described as a "small strip of hammock...on each side of Turkey Creek...mostly pine and palmetto, miserable sandy barren oak scrub, some ponds and interspersed with sawgrass and gallberry."[7] By the mid-nineteenth century, there was a lumbering operation, packing house, and orange groves. Growth was slow until the arrival of the railroad in 1894. Then goods were brought in and produce was shipped to market faster. Between 1910 and 1914, Tillman became the center for a land company known as the Indian River Catholic Colony. Attempting to grow two crops a season, farmers quickly depleted the soil, and the colony failed. Those remaining built St. Joseph's Church on Miller Street, the oldest building still standing. In the 1920s, the city was renamed after the bay bordered with sabal palm trees known as Palm Bay located at the mouth of Turkey Creek. A group of Tillman businessmen established the Melbourne-Tillman Drainage District, and issued $1.5 million worth of bonds. Starting in 1922, a 180 miles (290 km) grid of 80 canals was dug to drain 40000 acres (160 km2) of swampy land west of Palm Bay. The canals made it possible to control flooding and turn marsh lands to agricultural use. Farmers planted citrus groves and truck farms which shipped winter produce by the Florida East Coast Railroad to northern markets. Farmers sold timber and land to paper companies. In 1926, a fire among the dredges and a severe hurricane economically depressed Palm Bay. The Melbourne-Tillman Drainage District went bankrupt. In 1959, General Development Corporation purchased and platted extensive tracts of land in Palm Bay for its large residential project known as Port Malabar. The city incorporated itself on January 16, 1960.[8] Prior to expanding their borders, the city population was 2,808 that year.[9] The active development of the city after that point was intertwined with GDC, who laid out and built many of the streets, sold and built many of the city's now older homes, and built a water treatment plant later purchased by the city after GDC filed for bankruptcy in 1991. The city made the finals for "All American City" for three years (2003–2005). In 2008, the former Port Malabar Country Club property was revalued at $300,000, essentially "worthless" because of arsenic in the groundwater which would require an estimated $12 million dollars to clean up.[10] Palm Bay, Florida 76
There are hundreds of miles of roads that are in such poor condition that the city Public Works Department considers them unserviceable. The voters have consistently defeated measures which would have improved roads, termed the worst in Brevard. In 2005 they voted down a $58.7 million bond measure. In 2009, they defeated a $75.2 million tax referendum. In 2010, voters living in areas with the worst roads, voted 9-1 against $44.7 million assessment for repairing them. In 2011, the city government created a Palm Bay Road Maintenance District that they hope can levy taxes and alleviate the situation.[11] In 2009, fires on Mother's Day destroyed 37 homes.[12] The Florida Scrub Jay is threatened because the species is territorial and cannot move to better grounds when its habitat is jeopardized. In 2009, the Brevard Zoo moved the remaining 15 scrub jay families native to the city to Buck Lake Conservation Area in Mims.[13]
Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 66.75 square miles ( km²), of which 63.65 square miles (165 km2) is land and 3.1 square miles (8 km2) is water (4.64%). The city is often referred to in four quadrants: Northwest, Northeast, Southwest, and Southeast, each contain multiple zip codes. The most urban area is in the Northeast. The most rural area is in the Southwest, containing an area called The Compound. This area is home to Bombardier Recreational Products. A small portion of Bayside Lakes lies in the area. Palm Bay is developing its Bayside Lakes "downtown" to create a focus for the city. Drainage continues to be a problem in some parts of the city, caused primarily by the sudden unplanned transfer from General Development Corporation to the city of the responsibility for planning future growth and designing adequate drainage. This problem has been mitigated since 2000 with the continued design and construction work by Palm Bay City employees. During the early 1990s, Palm Bay Regional Park, a soccer and athletic complex in the Western part of the city, was constructed. It is the largest of a citywide system of parks and recreation areas. The Turkey Creek Sanctuary is a small nature reserve in the northeast part of the city.
Climate
Climate data for Palm Bay, FL Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 89 92 93 97 97 101 102 101 98 96 91 89 102 (32) (33) (34) (36) (36) (38) (39) (38) (37) (36) (33) (32) (39)
Average high °F (°C) 72 73 77 81 85 89 91 90 88 83 78 73 81.7 (22) (23) (25) (27) (29) (32) (33) (32) (31) (28) (26) (23) (27.6)
Average low °F (°C) 50 51 55 60 66 71 72 73 72 67 60 53 63 (10) (11) (13) (16) (19) (22) (22) (23) (22) (19) (16) (12) (16.9)
Record low °F (°C) 17 27 25 35 47 55 60 60 58 41 30 21 17 (2) (8) (13) (16) (16) (14) (5)
Precipitation inches 2.48 2.49 2.92 2.08 3.94 5.83 5.38 5.78 7.20 4.76 3.12 2.31 48.29 (mm) (63) (63.2) (74.2) (52.8) (100.1) (148.1) (136.7) (146.8) (182.9) (120.9) (79.2) (58.7) (1226.6)
[14] Source: Palm Bay, Florida 77
Surrounding areas • St. Johns River; Sawgrass Lake; Lake Hellen Blazes; Indian Fields; St. John's Marsh; Osceola County • Grant-Vakaria; Malabar; Indian River Lagoon • West Melbourne; Melbourne • Deer Run; St John's Marsh
Demographics
Palm Bay Demographics
2010 Census Palm Bay Brevard County Florida
Total population 103,190 543,376 18,801,310
Population, percent change, 2000 to 2010 +29.9% +14.1% +17.6%
Population density 1,570.6/sq mi 535.0/sq mi 350.6/sq mi
White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic) 63.9% 77.6% 75.0%
(Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian) 46.3% 53.7% 57.9%
Black or African-American 17.9% 10.1% 16.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 14.1% 8.1% 22.5%
Asian 1.8% 2.1% 2.4%
Native American or Native Alaskan 0.5% 0.4% 0.4%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Two or more races (Multiracial) 3.6% 2.6% 2.5%
Some Other Race 3.2% 1.7% 3.6%
As of 2010, there were 45,220 households out of which 12.7% were vacant. As of 2000, 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% are non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.03. In 2000, the city's population was spread out with 26.5% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males. In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $36,508, and the median income for a family was $41,636. Males had a median income of $31,060 versus $22,203 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,992. 9.5% of the population and 7.1% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 11.5% were under the age of 18 and 8.1% were 65 or older. Palm Bay, Florida 78
Languages As of 2000, English spoken as a first language accounted for 88.55% of all residents, while 11.44% spoke other languages as their mother tongue. The most significant was Spanish speakers who made up 7.45% of the population, while French came up as the third most spoken language, which made up 0.93%, German was spoken by 0.92%, and Arabic was at fourth, with 0.53% of the population.[15]
Industry
Forbes magazine ranked the city as 11th most innovative in the nation in 2010.[16] [17] The following corporations are located in the city: • Harris Corporation manufacturing has 3,400 employees on its Palm [18] Pink Wal-Mart Supercenter built in 2005: the city Bay campus on Palm Bay Road [19] uses Key West vernacular architecture. • Intersil employed 700 people in 2010 • MC Assembly[20] • USBid Inc Semiconductor Distribution [21] • DRS RSTA, Inc., a DRS Technologies company • Palm Bay Hospital (formerly Palm Bay Community Hospital) owned by Health First
Workforce In 2007, the average size of Palm Bay's labor force was 49,935. Of that group, 47,542 were employed and 2,393 were unemployed, for an unemployment rate of 4.8%.[22] This figure had risen to 6,571 (12.7 %) and was the highest rate in the county.[23]
Housing In 2008, 403 building permits were issued for 534 units. This was down from 739 permits issued for 739 units in 2007, which was down from 1766 permits for 1771 units in 2006.[24] The median home price in 2007 was $166,500.[22]
Government
Palm Bay utilizes the council-manager form of government. This system of local government combines the political leadership of elected officials in the form of a council, with the managerial experience of an appointed local government manager. The form establishes a representative system where all power is concentrated in the elected council and where the council hires a professionally trained manager to oversee the delivery of public services.[25]
The Mayor and City Council are the legislative branch of city
government; its members are the community's decision makers. The Members of the Palm Bay city government in Mayor is the presiding officer at the Council Meetings and is the 2003. official head of the City for all ceremonial occasions. Power is centralized in the elected Mayor and Council (City Council), which approves the budget, determines the tax rate, focuses on the community's goals, major projects, and such long-term considerations as community growth, land use development, capital improvement plans, capital financing, and strategic planning. Palm Bay, Florida 79
In Palm Bay, a five-member Mayor and Council, operate in accordance with the City Charter. Three positions created by the Charter (Charter Officers) are appointed by and report directly to the City Council: City Manager, City Attorney, and City Clerk. The City Manager is responsible for all activities related to the operations of the City. The City Manager hires a professional staff to assist in the administration and enforcement of the City Charter, ordinances, resolutions, financial conditions and all of the various procedures and policies that are required for the City to function properly. In 2011, the annual salary of the city manager was $168,000.[26] • Mayor - John Mazziotti • Deputy Mayor - Kristine Isnardi • Councilmembers - Ken Greene, Michele Paccione, and William Capote[27] • City Manager - Sue Hann Greene was elected and Isnardi reelected in 2010 and are serving four-year terms expiring in November 2014. Paccione and Capote were elected in November 2008 and will serve through November 2012. Mazziotti was reelected in 2008 without opposition.[28] In June 1999 Mazziotti was removed from office by then Governor Jeb Bush when it was revealed that the mayor had previously served two prison sentences and did not have his civil rights restored.[29] After having his civil rights restored, he ran again for the City Council and won. He ran unopposed for mayor in 2005 and 2008.[30] He has been the city's longest serving mayor.[31] In 2007, the city had a taxable real estate base of $5.84 billion.[32] This amount was the largest of any municipality in the county.
In 2010, the city opened a data base to the public, http:/ / open. palmbayflorida. org, that tracks city income and expenditures.[33] In 2010, the city employed 913 full-time equivalent workers.[34] In 2008, the police department won an award for training patrolmen to properly collect DNA samples. At the time, they were the only police force in the world with this program.[35]
Water department In 2009 the utilities department had 545 miles (877 km) of water lines, 300 miles (480 km) of sewer lines, 2,250 fire hydrants, and 120 full-time equivalent employees.[36]
Fire department In 2010, there was some fiscal concern over firefighters pensions. Firefighters averaged $71,100 annually plus $5,590 overtime pay. They were eligible for 100% of base pay after 28 years of service.[37] In 2006, they became the highest paid fire department in the county. In 2010, average compensation exceeded $68,000 annually. Supplements earned during a year were also eligible for retirement. Thus a 2010 retiree, a 47-year old with a former salary of $75,540, was receiving an $86,580 pension annually.[38] Palm Bay, Florida 80
Public safety A 2009 survey indicated that the city was ranked 263 out of 400 in crime statistics, with #1 being the worst. Crimes included murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, and motor vehicle theft.[39] I 2011, at least one police officer used Skype to obtain warrants promptly.[40]
Education All public schools are run by the Brevard County School Board: The following are public elementary schools in the city:
• Christa McAuliffe Elementary School • John F. Turner Sr. Elementary School • Columbia Elementary School • Jupiter Elementary School • Oakwood Academy Charter School • Lockmar Elementary School • Palm Bay Academy Charter School • Palm Bay Elementary School • Palm Bay Community Charter School • Port Malabar Elementary School • River's Edge Charter Academy • Riviera Elementary School • Royal Palm Charter School • Sunrise Elementary School • Odyssey Charter School • Westside Elementary School • Discovery Elementary School • Southwest Middle School
Private schools include: • Covenant Christian School • Cornerstone Christan School • St. Joseph Catholic School • New Hope Lutheran Academy Public High Schools: • Bayside High School • Palm Bay High School which actually lies within the city of Melbourne. • Heritage High School There is a Palm Bay Campus of the Brevard Community College.
Transportation
Major roads in Palm Bay include:
• Interstate 95 - This interstate highway runs through the eastern side of Palm Bay. There are two exits in the city, Palm Bay Road City name marker erected on I-95 in 2002. (exit 176) and Malabar Road (exit 173). • U.S. 1 - This road serves the northeastern section of the city. It is intersected by 4 main roads: Malabar Road, Port Malabar Boulevard, Robert J. Conlan Boulevard and Palm Bay Road. • Babcock Street - This road runs through the eastern portion of Palm Bay. It provides a direct route to Fellsmere in Indian River County from Brevard County. Main intersections include Palm Bay Road, Port Malabar Boulevard, Malabar Road, Waco Boulevard, Valkaria Road, Grant Road, Eldron Boulevard, and Cogan Drive. • Malabar Road - This road connects U.S. 1 along the Indian River (Florida) on the far eastern end of the city to the far western end at the headwaters of the St. Johns River. It is the main road to the town of Malabar, which gives its name to the road and is largely surrounded by Palm Bay. City Hall and Palm Bay Regional Park are located at its western terminus. Main intersections include Interstate 95, Babcock Street, Minton Road, San Filippo Drive, Emerson Drive, Jupiter Boulevard and Eldron Boulevard. Palm Bay, Florida 81
• Emerson Drive, Bayside Lakes Boulevard, and Bombardier Boulevard - All 3 roads make a large crescent-shaped roadway. The northern terminus is Amador Avenue, the southern terminus is a dead end in The Compound. There is a dirt road, Emerson Drive, off Degroodt Road. The western terminus of the route is Sappodilla Road. Main intersections include Wingham Drive, Sapodilla Road, Degroodt Road, Eldron Boulevard, Walden Boulevard, Waco Boulevard, Malabar Road, Minton Road, and Jupiter Boulevard. Most roads in the area west of DeGroodt Road are unpaved.
Notable residents • Deanne Bell, an American reality television show host known for PBS's Design Squad and Discovery Channel's Smash Lab is originally from Palm Bay • Xavier Carter, professional track athlete • Joe Cohen, San Francisco 49ers defensive tackle • David Gewirtz, CNN columnist, cyberterrorism advisor, presidential scholar. A book Gewirtz wrote while living in Palm Bay was a candidate for 2008 Pulitzer Prize in Letters.[41] • Reggie Nelson, Jacksonville Jaguars safety • Ezio Flagello, the Italian-American opera bass.
References
[1] "Florida by place Population, Housing Units, Area and Density:2000" (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov/ servlet/ GCTTable?_bm=y&
-geo_id=04000US12& -_box_head_nbr=GCT-PH1& -ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U& -format=ST-7). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2007-07-24.
[2] "Annual Estimates of the population for the Incorporated Places of Florida" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ cities/ tables/
SUB-EST2008-04-12. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-24.
[3] "Annual Estimates of the population for Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas" (http:/ / www. census. gov/ popest/ metro/ tables/
2008/ CBSA-EST2008-01. csv) (CSV). US Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2009-06-24.
[4] "American FactFinder" (http:/ / factfinder. census. gov). United States Census Bureau. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[5] "US Board on Geographic Names" (http:/ / geonames. usgs. gov). United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. . Retrieved 2008-01-31.
[6] "Update of Statistical Area Definitions and guidance on their uses" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/ 20071120114200/ http:/ / www.
whitehouse. gov/ omb/ bulletins/ fy2007/ b07-01. pdf) (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. Archived from the original (http:/ / www.
whitehouse. gov/ omb/ bulletins/ fy2007/ b07-01. pdf) on 2007-11-20. . Retrieved 2007-11-25. [7] Albert Hazen Wright, The habitats and composition of the vegetation of Okefinokee Swamp, Georgia, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 1932. OCLC 1965132
[8] Cervenka, Susan (5 December 2009). "Parade kicks off Palm Bay birthday" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20091205/ NEWS01/
912050316/ Parade-to-kick-off-city-s-birthday). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. .
[9] Summers, Keyonna (17 January 2010). "Looking back at 50 years" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100117/ NEWS01/ 1170334/ Looking-back-at-50-years). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. .
[10] Florida Today (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=/ 20080619/ NEWS01/ 806190324/ 1006& referrer=NEWSFRONTCAROUSEL) retrieved June 19, 2008
[11] Reed, Matt (6 March 2011). "Vote makes way for pothole patching" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110306/
COLUMNISTS0207/ 103060319/ Matt-Reed-Vote-makes-way-pothole-patching). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1B. . [12] Berger, Bill (22 January 2011). "An eventful time". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 13A.
[13] Waymer, Jim (20 December 2009). "A new home, new hope for scrub jay" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20091220/ NEWS01/
912200323/ 1010/ NEWS0302/ A+ new+ home+ + new+ hope+ for+ scrub+ jay). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[14] "Average Weather for Palm Bay, FL - Temperature and Precipitation" (http:/ / www. weather. com/ outlook/ health/ fitness/ wxclimatology/
monthly/ graph/ USFL0384). Weather.com. . Retrieved August 26, 2010.
[15] Modern Language Association Data Center Results of Brandon, Florida (http:/ / www. mla. org/ map_data_results& SRVY_YEAR=2000&
geo=& state_id=12& county_id=& mode=& lang_id=& zip=& place_id=8150& cty_id=& region_id=& division_id=& ll=& a=& ea=&
order=r& pc=1).
[16] Kennerly, Britt (2 January 2011). "Palm Bay census a letdown" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110102/ NEWS01/ 101020324/ Palm-Bay-census-a-letdown). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1B. .
[17] Explanation of criteria for "innovative" ranking (http:/ / www. 101smallbusinessopportunity. com/
forbes-magazine-names-palm-bay-11th-most-innovative-city-in-america. html) Palm Bay, Florida 82
[18] Peterson, Patrick (17 October 2010). "Harris considers PB overhaul" (http:/ / m. floridatoday. com/ news. jsp?key=355471& rc=bz). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1E. .
[19] Peterson, Patrick (18 February 2010). "Spin-off success stories" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100218/ BUSINESS/ 2180311/ Spin-off-success-stories). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 8C. .
[20] MC Assembly (http:/ / www. mcati. com/ MC1. asp)
[21] USBid Inc (http:/ / www. usbid. com/ )
[22] Palm Bay Community Data Sheet (http:/ / spacecoastedc. org/ portals/ 0/ municipalities/ palm bay/ palm bay community data. pdf) Economic Development Council of Florida's Space Coast. Retrieved on 2009-07-24. [23] "Indicators already show weak economy". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today): pp. 6A. 10 January 2010.
[24] Building Permits (http:/ / censtats. census. gov/ bldg/ bldgprmt. shtml) United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2009-07-24.
[25] "City of Palm Bay form of government information" (http:/ / www. pbfl. org/ citycouncil/ about/ index. html). Palm Bay, Florida. . Retrieved 2008-11-11.
[26] Kennerly, Britt (April 14, 2011). "Feldman among final 3 for job" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110414/ NEWS01/
104140310/ Palm-Bay-manager-Feldman-among-final-3-South-Florida-job). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1B. .
[27] http:/ / www. palmbayflorida. org/ citycouncil/ council/ index. html
[28] "City Council/City Clerk - City Council" (http:/ / www. palmbayflorida. org/ citycouncil/ council/ index. html). Palm Bay, Florida. . Retrieved 2009-07-24. [29] Mazziotti had served 27 months in a federal penitentiary for a marijuana trafficking conviction in Pennsylvania and a second separate
conviction for smuggling amphetamines across the Canadian border. "Governor Suspends Mayor" (http:/ / web. archive. org/ web/
20070927015747/ http:/ / www. polkonline. com/ stories/ 062699/ sta_mayor. shtml). Associated Press. 26 June 1999. Archived from the
original (http:/ / www. polkonline. com/ stories/ 062699/ sta_mayor. shtml) on 2007-09-27. . Retrieved 2007-08-18. It was also discovered that, as a 17 year old, Mazziotti drove the getaway car during a robbery. "Florida Today archive search–keywords john mazzioti prison" (http:/
/ nl. newsbank. com/ nl-search/ we/ Archives?s_site=floridatoday& f_site=floridatoday& f_sitename=Florida+ Today+ (Melbourne,+ FL)&
p_theme=gannett& p_product=FLTB& p_action=search& p_field_base-0=& p_text_base-0=john+ mazziotti+ prison& Search=Search&
p_perpage=10& p_maxdocs=200& p_queryname=700& s_search_type=keyword& p_sort=_rank_:D& p_field_date-0=YMD_date&
p_params_date-0=date:B,E& p_text_date-0=). Florida Today. . Retrieved 2007-08-18.
[30] "Florida Today archive search–keywords john mazzioti prison" (http:/ / nl. newsbank. com/ nl-search/ we/ Archives?s_site=floridatoday&
f_site=floridatoday& f_sitename=Florida+ Today+ (Melbourne,+ FL)& p_theme=gannett& p_product=FLTB& p_action=search&
p_field_base-0=& p_text_base-0=john+ mazziotti+ prison& Search=Search& p_perpage=10& p_maxdocs=200& p_queryname=700&
s_search_type=keyword& p_sort=_rank_:D& p_field_date-0=YMD_date& p_params_date-0=date:B,E& p_text_date-0=). Florida Today. . Retrieved 2007-08-18.
[31] Kennerly, Britt (14 October 2010). "Ball gives back to city" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=2010101013037). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. . [32] Dean, James (April 26, 2008). More taxes or fewer services. Florida Today.
[33] Cervenka, Susanne (17 January 2010). "Palm Bay opens its finances online" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100117/ NEWS01/
1170335/ Palm-Bay-opens-its-finances-online). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1B. .
[34] Moor, Kimberly C. (6 March 2010). "Cities find ways to trim budget" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100306/ NEWS01/
3060319/ Cities-find-ways-to-trim-budget). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[35] (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20081124/ NEWS01/ 811240335/ 1006) retrieved November 25, 2008 [36] Moore, Kimberly (24 April 2009). "Care urged in water testing". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 4B.
[37] "Editorial (Our view):Day of reckoning - Palm Bay firefighters pension dispute requires straight talk, compromise" (http:/ / www.
floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100523/ OPINION/ 100521019/ Our+ views+ + Day+ of+ reckoning+ (May+ 23)). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. 23 May 2010. pp. 18A. .
[38] Zonka, Milo (26 October 2010). "City seeks pension reform" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101026/ COLUMNISTS0205/
101025022/ Milo-Zonka-City-seeks-pension-reform). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 7A. .
[39] Moody, R. Norman (28 November 2009). "Brevard crime up, down" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ article?AID=200991127032). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 5B. .
[40] Gallop, J.D. (April 7, 2011). "Skype speeds warrants process" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20110407/ NEWS01/ 104070328/ Skype-video-conferencing-speeds-warrants-process-Palm-Bay). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 1A. .
[41] Ring of Fire (http:/ / airamerica. com/ ondemand/ play/ download/ 74811). Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.. Air America Radio. 26 April 2008. Palm Bay, Florida 83
External links
• City of Palm Bay (http:/ / www. palmbayflorida. org/ )
• Palm Bay - Central Florida Community page (http:/ / aroundcentralflorida. com/ communities/ Brevard/ palmbay. asp) - Palm Bay events 84
Military in Brevard Co.
45th Space Wing
45th Space Wing
Active 1949-Present Country United States Branch Air Force Type Satellite Launch Part of Air Force Space Command Garrison/HQ Patrick Air Force Base Motto Control of the battlefield begins here Mascot Sharks Decorations AFOUA AFOEA Navy MUC Commanders Current Brig Gen Anthony J. Cotton commander Notable Donald G. Cook commanders Lt.Gen. Susan Helms 45th Space Wing 85
The 45th Space Wing is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the Fourteenth Air Force, stationed at Patrick Air Force Base, Florida. It is also the host unit at Patrick AFB.
Overview
The mission of the 45th Space Wing (45 SW) is to assure access to the high frontier and to support global operations. The wing currently operates a number of rockets and missiles, including the Delta IV and Atlas V, and provides support for the Department of Defense, NASA, and commercial manned and unmanned space programs. The wing formerly operated the recently-discontinued Titan IV rocket.
Units
Major units assigned to the 45 SW are: • 45th Launch Group The 45th Space Wing successfully launched a The 45th Launch Group participates in receipt, inspection, Delta IV-Heavy rocket carrying the NROL-32 processing, test, and launch of all flight hardware to ensure the classified payload for the National successful launch of satellites to support national and Combatant Reconaissaince Office 21 November 2010 from Commander requirements Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. 5th Space Launch Squadron • 45th Operations Group Located at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, the 45th Operations Group operates the Eastern Range and launches space vehicles for Department of Defense (DoD), NASA, the United States, and international commercial customers. • 45th Medical Group • 45th Mission Support Group
History See also: 45th Operations Group; 45th Launch Group; 6555th Aerospace Test Group for additional lineage and history. Organized to maintain and operate the proving ground facilities in coordination and collaboration with other agencies of the national guided missile program. Provided static and flight testing to meet requirements of Army, Navy, and Air Force research and development programs, including operational experimentation and training. From May 1950 to May 1951 had separate operating agency status, assigned directly to the United States Air Force. Maintained and operated the Eastern Test Range and affiliated facilities in support of Department of Defense (DOD), National Air and Space Administration, US Air Force, and other test and evaluation agencies, 1951-1977 and after 1979. Operated "Down-Range" facilities at Antigua, Ascension Island, and Cape Canaveral, Florida, 1951-1977 and after 1979. After Oct 1979 launched DOD payloads into orbit and collected flight data for evaluation of ballistic missile systems launched from Eastern Launch sites for DOD, NASA, and commercial customers. Gave support for DOD, NASA, and commercial manned and unmanned space programs while providing host-base responsibilities at Patrick AFB, FL. 45th Space Wing 86
45th Space Wing accomplshments are:[1] • Completing the Initial NAVSTAR II Constellation • U.S. Military Technology Missions • Foreign Military Missions • Civilian/Commercial Space Launches Missions have included:
• X-Ray, Gamma Ray, Infrared, Microwave Anisotropy, and Extreme Ultraviolet Astronomy Missions • Solar Wind Missions • Asteroid Probes and Comet Encounters • Missions to Mars and Mercury • Kepler Spacecraft ‘Planetary Search’ Mission • PALAPA B2R and PALAPA B4 • Britain’s BSB-R2 and Telenor’s THOR II and THOR III • ASC-2, AURORA II and SATCOM 4 • INMARSAT-2 F-1 and INMARSAT-2 F-2 • DFS KOPERNIKUS 3 • GALAXY I-R and GALAXY IX • KOREASAT-1 and KOREASAT-2 • BONUM-1 • GLOBALSTAR-1 through GLOBALSTAR-7 • DELTA III, Delta IV, Titan IV and Atlas V Missions • NASA Space Shuttle launches • Atlas V Carrying X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle • NASA'S Geostationary Environmental Satellite (GOES-P) • Atlas V launch of Solar Global Observatory • Delta IV launch of Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) high-capacity communications satellites • Intelsat-14 commercial communications satellite • NASA Ares 1-X launch • USAF Delta II final launch in 2009, inactivation of 1st Space Launch Squadron (45th LG)
Lineage • Established as Air Force Division, Joint Long Range Proving Ground, and organized, on 1 Oct 1949 Re-designated: Long Range Proving Ground Division on 16 May 1950 Re-designated: Air Force Missile Test Center on 30 Jun 1951 Re-designated: Air Force Eastern Test Range on 15 May 1964 Inactivated on 1 Feb 1977 • Re-designated Eastern Space and Missile Center, and activated, on 1 Oct 1979 Re-designated: 45th Space Wing on 12 Nov 1991. 45th Space Wing 87
Assignments • Headquarters Command, USAF, 1 Oct 1949 • United States Air Force, 16 May 1950 • Air Research and Development (later, Air Force Systems) Command, 14 May 1951 • National Range Division, 15 May 1964 • Air Force Systems Command, 1 Feb 1972-1 Feb 1977 • Space and Missile Test Organization, 1 Oct 1979 • Space Systems Division, 1 Oct 1989 • 9th Space Division, 1 Oct 1990 • Air Force Space Command, 1 Oct 1991 • Fourteenth Air Force, 20 Sep 1993-Present
Components Wings • 4800th Guided Missile Wing (later, 6555th Guided Missile Wing; 6555th Guided Missile Group): 30 Dec 1950-7 Sep 1954 • 6541st Missile Test (later, 6541 Operations Group [Range]): 4 Sep 1951-7 Sep 1954 Groups • 45th Launch Group: 1 Dec 2003- • 45th Operations Group: 12 Nov 1991- • 6550th Test Group (Missile): 1 Jul-1 Oct 1955 • 6555th Guided Missiles Group (Test and Evaluation) (later, 6555th Aerospace Test): 15 Aug-21 Dec 1959; 1 Oct 1979-1 Oct 1990 Squadrons • 1st Space Launch: 1 Oct 1990-12 Nov 1991 • 1st Pilotless Bomber: 1 Oct 1951-1 Feb 1952 (detached) • 6550th Operations Squadron: 7 Sep 1954-1 Jul 1955; 1 Oct 1955-1 Feb 1960 • 6555th Guided Missile (later, 6555 Guided Missiles) Squadron: 7 Sep 1954-1 Jul 1955; 1 Oct 1955-15 Aug 1959.
Stations • Patrick AFB, FL, 1 Oct 1949-1 Feb 1977; 1 Oct 1979-Present
References This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents [2] of the Air Force Historical Research Agency. [1] [Delta II and III Space Operations at Cape Canaveral, 1989 – 2009. by Mark C. Cleary 45th SPACE WING History Office]
[2] http:/ / www. afhra. af. mil/
• Patrick AFB Home Page (http:/ / www. patrick. af. mil/ )
• 45th Space Wing (http:/ / www. afhra. af. mil/ factsheets/ factsheet. asp?id=9692) Kennedy Space Center 88 Kennedy Space Center
John F. Kennedy Space Center
Aerial view of KSC Headquarters looking south
Agency overview
Formed July 1, 1962
Preceding agencies Launch Operations Directorate Launch Operations Center
Jurisdiction U.S. federal government
Headquarters Merritt Island, Florida 28°31′26.608″N 80°39′3.055″W
Employees 13,100 (2011)
Annual budget US$350 million (2010)
Agency executives Robert D. Cabana, director Janet E. Petro, deputy director
Parent agency NASA
Website
[1] NASA KSC home page
Footnotes
[2]
Map
KSC shown in white; CCAFS in green Kennedy Space Center 89
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the NASA installation that has been the launch site for every United States human space flight since 1968. Although such flights are currently on hiatus, KSC continues to manage and operate unmanned rocket launch facilities for America's civilian space program from three pads at the adjoining Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Its iconic Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) is the fourth-largest structure in the world by volume[3] and was the largest when completed in 1965.[4] Located on Merritt Island, Florida, the center is north-northwest of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Ocean, midway between Miami and Jacksonville on Florida's Space Coast. It is 34 miles (55 km) long and roughly 6 miles (10 km) wide, covering 219 square miles (570 km2). A total of 13,100 people worked at the center as of 2011. Approximately 2,100 are employees of the federal government; the rest are contractors.[5] Since December 1968, all launch operations have been conducted from Pads A and B at Launch Complex 39 (LC-39). Both pads are on the ocean, 3 miles (5 km) east of the VAB. From 1969–1972, LC-39 was the departure point for all six Apollo manned Moon landing missions using the Saturn V, the largest and most powerful operational launch vehicle in history, and was used from 1981–2011 for all Space Shuttle launches. The Shuttle Landing Facility, located just to the north, was used for most Shuttle landings and is among the longest runways in the world. STS-60 shuttle launch from Pad 39A on February The KSC Industrial Area, where many of the center's support facilities 3, 1994 are located, is 5 miles (8 km) south of LC-39. It includes the Headquarters Building, the Operations and Checkout Building and the Central Instrumentation Facility. KSC was also home to the Merritt Island Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network station (MILA), a key radio communications and spacecraft tracking complex. The center operates its own short-line railroad.
KSC is a major central Florida tourist destination and is approximately one hour's drive from the Orlando area. The Visitor Complex offers public tours of the center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Because much of the installation is a restricted area and only nine percent of the land is developed, the site also serves as an important wildlife sanctuary; Mosquito Lagoon, Indian River, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge and Canaveral National Seashore are other features of the area. Center workers can encounter Bald Eagles, American alligators, wild boars, Eastern Diamondback rattlesnakes, Florida panthers and Florida manatees. KSC is one of ten major NASA field centers, and has several facilities listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History Kennedy Space Center was created and has evolved to meet the changing needs of America's manned space program, initially in competition with the Soviet Union. What is today KSC was authorized in 1958 during the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The facility was originally known as the Launch Operations Directorate (LOD), reporting to the Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama.
1960s President John F. Kennedy's 1961 goal of a lunar landing before 1970 led to an expansion of NASA operations from a few buildings in the Industrial Area of Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex (later Cape Canaveral Air Force Station), notably Hangar S, to Merritt Island. NASA began land acquisition in 1962, buying title to 131 square miles (340 km2) and negotiating with the state of Florida for an additional 87 square miles (230 km2).[6] The major buildings in KSC's Industrial Area were designed by architect Charles Luckman.[7] Kennedy Space Center 90
On July 1, 1962, the site was renamed the Launch Operations Center, achieving equal status with other NASA centers; and on November 29, 1963, the facility received its current name by Executive Order 11129 following Kennedy's death.[8]
Mercury and Gemini The U.S. accomplished a manned lunar landing in three stages—Mercury, Gemini and Apollo. Mercury's objectives were to place a manned spacecraft in earth orbit, investigate human performance and ability to function in space, and safely recover the astronaut and spacecraft. Although Mercury was directed by NASA, launches were from the U.S. Air Force's Cape Canaveral Missile Test Annex. The first two manned tests used the Redstone booster from LC-5 for the 1961 suborbital flights of Alan Shepard on May 5 (the first American in space) and Gus Grissom on July 21. The first American in orbit, and the first carried by the larger Atlas D rocket, was John Glenn, launched from LC-14 on February 20, 1962. Three more orbital flights followed. The more complex two-man Gemini spacecraft, and its Titan II booster, based on the military ICBM, helped carry out rendezvous and docking and extra-vehicular activity missions critical for Apollo. Twelve Gemini missions were launched from Cape Canaveral's LC-19, the last ten of which were manned. The first manned flight, Gemini 3, took place on March 23, 1965. The final flight, Gemini 12, launched on November 11, 1966.
Apollo
The Apollo program required larger launchers—the Saturn family of boosters. The two-stage Saturn I and IB rockets were erected and launched at the Cape's Launch Complexes 34 and 37. The first Saturn launch, SA-1, came on October 27, 1961 from LC-34. On January 27, 1967, the crew for the first planned manned Apollo mission, AS-204 (also designated Apollo 1), Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee died by fire on the same pad atop a Saturn IB; the first spacecraft-related astronaut deaths. After significant changes to the spacecraft, Apollo 7 was launched from LC-34 into earth orbit using a Saturn IB on October 11, 1968.
A Saturn V carrying Apollo 15 rolls out to Pad 39A in 1971 on Mobile Launch Platform 1.
Launch Complex 39
Missions to the Moon required the large three-stage Saturn V rocket (111 m high and 10 m in diameter). At KSC, Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) was built on Merritt Island to accommodate the new rocket. Construction of the $800 million project began in November 1962. LC-39 pads A and B were completed by October 1965 (a planned Pad C was canceled), the VAB was completed in June 1965, and the infrastructure by late 1966. The complex included a hangar capable of holding four Saturn Vs, the VAB (130 million ft³); a transporter The VAB (center) in 1999 with the LCC jutting out from its right and Pads A and B in the capable of carrying 5,440 tons along a crawlerway to either of two distance Kennedy Space Center 91
launch pads; and a 446-foot (136 m) mobile service structure. Three Mobile Launcher Platforms, each with a fixed launch umbilical tower, were also built. LC-39 also includes the Launch Control Center and a news media site. From 1967 through 1973, there were 13 Saturn V lift-offs, including the ten remaining Apollo missions after Apollo 7. The first of three unmanned flights, Apollo 4 (Apollo-Saturn 501) on November 9, 1967, was also the first rocket launch from KSC itself. The Saturn V's first manned launch on December 21, 1968 was Apollo 8's lunar orbiting mission. The next two missions tested the Lunar Module: Apollo 9 (earth orbit) and Apollo 10 (lunar orbit). Apollo 11, launched from Pad A on July 16, 1969, made the first Moon landing on July 20. Apollo 12 followed four months later.
1970s From 1970–1972, the Apollo program concluded at KSC with the launches of missions 13 through 17. On May 14, 1973, the last Saturn V launch put the Skylab space station in orbit from Pad 39A. Pad B, modified for Saturn IBs, was used to launch three manned missions to Skylab that year, as well as the final Apollo spacecraft for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project in 1975. In 1976, the VAB's south parking area was the site of Third Century America, a science and technology display commemorating the U.S. Bicentennial, also when the U.S. flag was painted on the building. During the late 1970s, LC-39 was reconfigured to support the Space Shuttle. Two Orbiter Processing Facilities were built near the VAB as hangars with a third added in the 1980s.
1980s–2000s: Space Shuttle KSC became the launch site for the Space Shuttle program beginning in 1981. The initial launch, Columbia on April 12, 1981, was the first of a vehicle with astronauts aboard which had no prior unmanned launch. KSC's 2.9 mile (4.6 km) Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) was the orbiters' primary end-of-mission landing site, although the first KSC landing did not take place until the tenth flight, when Challenger completed STS-41-B on February 11, 1984; the primary landing site until then was Edwards Air Force Base in California, subsequently used as a backup landing site. The SLF also provided a return-to-launch-site (RTLS) abort option, which was not utilized.
After 24 successful shuttle flights, Challenger was torn apart 73 seconds after the launch of STS-51-L on January 28, 1986; the first Shuttle Atlantis is moved to Pad 39A for the 1990 shuttle launch from Pad 39B and the first U.S. manned launch failure, launch of STS-36. killing the seven crew members. An O-ring seal in the right booster rocket failed at liftoff, leading to subsequent structural failures. Flights resumed on September 29, 1988 with STS-26 after extensive modifications to many aspects of the shuttle program.
On February 1, 2003, Columbia and her crew of seven were lost during re-entry over Texas during the STS-107 mission (the 113th shuttle flight); a vehicle breakup triggered by damage sustained during launch from Pad 39A on January 16, when a piece of foam insulation from the orbiter's external fuel tank struck the orbiter's left wing. During reentry, the damage created a hole allowing hot gases to melt the wing structure. Like the Challenger disaster, the resulting investigation and modifications interrupted shuttle flight operations at KSC for more than two years until the STS-114 launch on July 26, 2005.
The shuttle program experienced five main engine shutdowns at LC-39, all within four seconds or less before launch; and one abort to orbit, STS-51-F on July 29, 1985. Shuttle missions during nearly 30 years of operations included deploying satellites and interplanetary probes, conducting space science and technology experiments, visits to the Russian MIR space station, construction and servicing of the International Space Station, deployment and Kennedy Space Center 92
servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope and serving as a space laboratory. The shuttle was retired from service in July 2011 after 135 launches. On October 28, 2009, the Ares I-X launch from Pad 39B was the first unmanned launch from KSC since the Skylab workshop in 1973.
2010s The end of the Space Shuttle program in 2011 produced a significant downsizing of the KSC workforce similar to that experienced at the end of the Apollo program in 1972; NASA is currently designing the next heavy launch vehicle for continuation of human spaceflight. Pad 39A has been left in its space shuttle launch configuration; Pad B has been dismantled to its base. As part of this downsizing, 6,000 contractors lost their jobs at the Center during 2010 and 2011.[9]
Facilities
Facilities at the Kennedy Space Center are directly related to its mission to launch, and in some cases recover, manned and unmanned missions. Facilities are available to prepare and maintain spacecraft and payloads for flight. The headquarters (HQ) building houses offices for the Center Director, library, film and photo archives, a print shop and security.[10] Payloads are received processed and integrated together in the Operations and Checkout (OC) building dating back to the 1960's with the Gemini and Apollo programs, 70's with the Skylab program and 80's and 90's for initial segments of the International Space Station.[11] The three-story, 457000 square feet (42500 m2) official visitor map of KSC industrial area Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) consists of two processing bays, an airlock, operational control rooms, laboratories, logistics areas and office space for support of non-hazardous Station and Shuttle payloads to ISO 14644-1 class 5 standards.[12] The Vertical Processing Facility (VPF) features a 71 feet (22 m) x 38 feet (12 m) door where payloads which are processed in the vertical position are brought in and manipulated with 2 overhead cranes and a hoist capable of lifting up to 35 short tons (32 t).[13] The Hypergolic Maintenance and Checkout Facility (HMCF) comprises three buildings which are isolated from the rest of the industrial area because of the hazardous materials handled there. Hypergolic-fueled modules that make up the space shuttles orbiter's reaction control system, orbital maneuvering system and auxiliary power units are stored and serviced in the HMCF.[14] Kennedy Space Center 93
Unmanned NASA launches at Cape Canaveral
NASA's first launch, Pioneer 1, came on October 11, 1958 from Cape Canaveral's LC-17A using a Thor-Able booster. The civilian agency has used launch pads at Cape Canaveral AFS ever since for many unmanned launches ranging from satellites to lunar probes, including the Ranger, Surveyor and Lunar Orbiter programs during the 1960s. NASA has also launched communications and weather satellites from Launch Complexes 40 and 41, built at the north end of the Cape in 1964 by the Air Force for its Titan IIIC and Titan IV rockets. From 1974–1977 the powerful Titan IIIE served as the heavy-lift vehicle for NASA, launching the Viking and Voyager series of planetary spacecraft and the Cassini–Huygens Saturn probe from LC-41.
Pioneer 1 atop its launcher NASA currently uses three Cape Canaveral pads: SLC-41 for the Atlas V and SLC-37B for the Delta IV, both for heavy payloads; and SLC-17B for Delta II launches. Launch Services Program (LSP) is responsible for NASA oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches at Cape Canaveral.
Weather
Florida's peninsular shape and temperature contrasts between land and ocean provide ideal conditions for electrical storms, earning Central Florida the reputation as "lightning capital of the United States".[15] [16] This makes extensive lightning protection and detection systems necessary to protect employees, structures and spacecraft on launch pads safe.[17] On November 14, 1969, Apollo 12 was struck by lightning just after lift-off from Pad 39A, but the flight continued safely. The most powerful lightning strike recorded at KSC occurred at LC-39B on August 25, 2006 while shuttle Atlantis was being prepared A Mercury Redstone rocket on display at Gate 3 was toppled by Hurricane Frances on September for STS-115. NASA managers were initially concerned that the 7, 2004. lightning strike caused damage to Atlantis, but none was found.
In October 2004, Hurricane Charley caused an estimated $700,000 in damage to KSC. On September 7, 2004, Hurricane Frances directly hit the area with sustained winds of 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) and gusts up to 94 miles per hour (151 km/h), the most damaging storm to date. The Vehicle Assembly Building lost 1,000 exterior panels, each 3.9 feet (1.2 m) x 9.8 feet (3.0 m) in size. This exposed 39800 sq ft (3700 m2) of the building to the elements. Damage occurred to the south and east sides of the VAB. The shuttle's Thermal Protection System Facility suffered extensive damage. The roof was partially torn off and the interior suffered water damage. Several rockets on display in the center were toppled.[18] Further damage to KSC was caused by Hurricane Wilma in October 2005. Kennedy Space Center 94
KSC directors
Since KSC's formation, ten NASA officials have served as directors, including three former astronauts (Crippen, Bridges and Cabana):
Dr. Kurt Debus, first director of KSC
Name Start End Reference
Dr. Kurt H. Debus July 1962 November 1974 [19]
Lee R. Scherer January 19, 1975 September 2, 1979 [20]
Richard G. Smith September 26, 1979 August 2, 1986 [21]
Forrest S. McCartney August 31, 1987 December 31, 1991 [22]
Robert L. Crippen January 1992 January 1995 [23]
Jay F. Honeycutt January 1995 March 2, 1997 [24]
Roy D. Bridges, Jr. March 2, 1997 August 9, 2003 [25]
James W. Kennedy August 9, 2003 January 2007 [26]
William W. Parsons January 2007 October 2008 [27]
Robert D. Cabana October 2008 present [28] Kennedy Space Center 95
Labor force A total of 13,100 people worked at the center as of 2011. Approximately 2,100 are employees of the federal government; the rest are contractors.[5] The average annual salary for an on-site worker in 2008 was $77,235.[29]
Visitor Complex
The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, operated by Delaware North since 1995, has a variety of exhibits, artifacts, displays and attractions on the history and future of human and robotic spaceflight. Bus tours of KSC originate from here. The complex also includes the separate Apollo/Saturn V Center, north of the VAB and the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame, six miles west near Titusville. There were 1.5 million visitors in 2009. It had some 700 employees.[30]
KSC facilities on the National Register of Gate to the KSC Visitor Complex in 2006; Historic Places Explorer, a Space Shuttle mock-up, is in the background Facilities on the National Register of Historic Places include: • Central Instrumentation Facility • Crawlerway • Headquarters Building • Launch Complex 39 • Launch Complex 39–Pad A • Launch Complex 39–Pad B • Launch Control Center • Missile Crawler Transporter Facilities • Operations and Checkout Building • Press Site–Clock and Flag Pole • Vehicle Assembly Building–High Bay and Low Bay
References
[1] http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ home/ index. html
[2] "Kennedy Business Report" (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ pdf/ 534076main_annrpt10. pdf). Annual Report FY2010. NASA. February 2011. . Retrieved 22 August 2011. [3] Kristie, K. (11 June 2009). "The Largest Buildings in the World". Quazen. "k-kristie.quazen.com/arts/architecture/the-largest-buildings-in-the-world" [4] "Senate". Congressional Record: 17598. September 8, 2004.
[5] Dean, James (17 March 2011). "NASA budget woes leads to layoffs" (http:/ / www. federaltimes. com/ article/ 20110317/ AGENCY01/
103170305/ ). Federal Times. . Retrieved 21 August 2011.
[6] "Land, Lots of Land – Much of It Marshy" (http:/ / www. hq. nasa. gov/ office/ pao/ History/ SP-4204/ ch5-11. html). Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations. NASA. . Retrieved Aug 27, 2009.
[7] Muschamp, Herbert (28 January 1999). "Charles Luckman, Architect Who Designed Penn Station's Replacement, Dies at 89" (http:/ / www.
nytimes. com/ 1999/ 01/ 28/ arts/ charles-luckman-architect-who-designed-penn-station-s-replacement-dies-at-89. html). The New York Times. . Retrieved 22 August 2011.
[8] "The National Archives, Lyndon B. Johnson Executive Order 11129" (http:/ / www. archives. gov/ federal-register/ executive-orders/
1963-johnson. html). . Retrieved April 26, 2010.
[9] Dean, James (November 5, 2011). "Laid-off KSC workers' supplies eagerly accepted by educators" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/
20111105/ NEWS01/ 311050019/ Laid-off-KSC-workers-supplies-eagerly-accepted-by-educators). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 2B. .
[10] Headquarters Building (HQ) (http:/ / science. ksc. nasa. gov/ facilities/ hq. html) Kennedy Space Center 96
[11] Operations and Checkout Building (http:/ / science. ksc. nasa. gov/ facilities/ oc. html)
[12] Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) (http:/ / science. ksc. nasa. gov/ facilities/ sspf. html)
[13] Vertical Processing Facility (http:/ / science. ksc. nasa. gov/ facilities/ vpf. html)
[14] Hypergolic Maintenance and Checkout Facility (http:/ / science. ksc. nasa. gov/ facilities/ hmf. html) [15] Oliver, John E. (2005). Encyclopedia of world climatology. Springer. pp. 452. ISBN 9781402032646.
[16] "Lightning: FAQ" (http:/ / www. ucar. edu/ communications/ infopack/ lightning/ faq. html). UCAR Communications. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. . Retrieved June 17, 2010.
[17] KSC – Lightning and the Space Program (http:/ / www-pao. ksc. nasa. gov/ kscpao/ nasafact/ lightningprot. htm) retrieved May 28, 2008
[18] "NASA Assesses Hurricane Frances Damage" (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ home/ hqnews/ 2004/ sep/ HQ_04288frances_update. html). NASA Press Release. .
[19] NASA – Biography of Dr. Kurt H. Debus (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ about/ biographies/ debus. html)
[20] NASA – Biography of Lee R. Scherer (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ about/ biographies/ scherer. html)
[21] NASA – Biography of Richard G. Smith (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ about/ biographies/ smith-r. html)
[22] NASA – Biography of Forrest S. McCartney (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ about/ biographies/ mccartney. html)
[23] NASA – Biography of Robert L. Crippen (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ about/ biographies/ crippen. html)
[24] NASA – Biography of Jay F. Honeycutt (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ about/ biographies/ honeycut. html)
[25] NASA – Biography of Roy Bridges (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ about/ biographies/ bridges. html)
[26] NASA – NASA KSC Director Announces Retirement (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ news/ releases/ 2006/ release-20060501. html)
[27] NASA – Biography of William W. (Bill) Parsons (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ about/ biographies/ parsons. html)
[28] "Cabana to Succeed Parsons as Kennedy Space Center Director" (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ home/ hqnews/ 2008/ sep/
HQ_08-249_Parsons_leaves. html) (Press release). NASA. September 30, 2008. . Retrieved September 30, 2008.
[29] Peterson, Patrick (November 28, 2010). "High-paying jobs scant outside KSC" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101128/
NEWS01/ 11280317/ High-paying-jobs-scant-outside-KSC). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[30] Stratford, Amanda (January 12, 2010). "NASA's new image" (http:/ / www. app. com/ article/ A9/ 20100112/ NEWS02/ 1120326/ -1/ SCIENCE). Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today): pp. 1A. .
Bibliography • Benson, Charles D.; Faherty, William Barnaby (1978). Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and
Operations (http:/ / history. nasa. gov/ SP-4204/ contents. html). Scientific and Technical Information Office, NASA.. • Lipartito, Kenneth and Butler, Orville R. A History of the Kennedy Space Center (2007) • Middleton, Sallie. "Space Rush: Local Impact of Federal Aerospace Programs on Brevard and Surrounding Counties," Florida Historical Quarterly, Fall 2008, Vol. 87 Issue 2, pp 258–289
• Reynolds, David West (September 2006). Kennedy Space Center: Gateway to Space (http:/ / www. fireflybooks.
com/ bookdetail& ean=9781554070398). Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1554070398. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
• This article incorporates public domain material (http:/ / www. jsc. nasa. gov/ policies. html#Guidelines) from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
External links
• Kennedy Space Center Web site (http:/ / www. ksc. nasa. gov/ )
• KSC Visitor Complex Web site (http:/ / www. kennedyspacecenter. com/ )
• Streaming audio of KSC radio communications (http:/ / www. radioreference. com/ apps/ audio/ ?ctid=320)
• Astronauts Memorial Foundation Web site (http:/ / www. amfcse. org/ )
• John F. Kennedy Space Center (http:/ / www. astronautix. com/ sites/ capveral. htm) from Encyclopedia Astronautica • Cape Canaveral travel guide from Wikitravel • "America's Space Program: Exploring a New Frontier", a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places
lesson plan (http:/ / www. nps. gov/ history/ NR/ twhp/ wwwlps/ lessons/ 101space/ 101space. htm) Kennedy Space Center 97
• "Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms", a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage travel
itinerary (http:/ / www. nps. gov/ history/ nr/ travel/ aviation/ )
• A Field Guide to American Spacecraft (http:/ / web. mac. com/ jimgerard/ AFGAS/ pages/ aaindex/ home1. html)
• Spaceport News (http:/ / www. nasa. gov/ centers/ kennedy/ news/ snews/ spnews_toc. html) KSC Employee Newspaper
Patrick Air Force Base
Patrick Air Force Base Part of Air Force Space Command (AFSC) Located in: Brevard County, Florida
A Titan IV B rocket takes off from Cape Canaveral AFS on 9 September 2006. Type Air Force Base Coordinates 28°14′06″N 080°36′36″W
Built 1949 In use 1949-Present
Controlled by United States Air Force Garrison
45th Space Wing (USAF)
Airfield information IATA: COF – ICAO: KCOF – FAA LID: COF
Summary
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Elevation AMSL 8 ft / 2 m Patrick Air Force Base 98
[1] Website www.patrick.af.mil
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
2/20 9,023 2,750 Asphalt/Concrete
11/29 4,000 1,219 Asphalt
[2] Source: Federal Aviation Administration
Patrick AFB Location of Patrick AFB, Florida Patrick Air Force Base (IATA: COF, ICAO: KCOF, FAA LID: COF) is a United States Air Force Base located between Satellite Beach and Cocoa Beach, in Brevard County, Florida, United States. It was named in honor of Major General Mason Patrick. An Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) base, it is home to the 45th Space Wing (45 SW). In addition to its "host wing" responsibilities at Patrick AFB, the 45 SW also controls and operates Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) and the Eastern Range.
Additional tenant activities at Patrick AFB include the 920th Rescue HC-130s of the 920th Rescue Wing Wing, the Air Force Technical Applications Center and the Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute (DEOMI). Total employment is 10,400. There are 13,099 military, dependents, civilian employees and contractors on base.[3]
Current operations The host wing for Patrick AFB is the 45th Space Wing (45 SW), whose officers and airmen manage all launches of unmanned rockets at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). These rockets include satellites for the US military, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the National Security Agency, as well as scientific payload launches in support of NASA, weather satellite launches in support of NOAA, payloads in support of international customers such as the European Space Agency, and commercial payloads for various corporate communications entities. Units and individuals from the 45 SW have also deployed abroad during wartime, most notably during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom[4] Also headquartered at Patrick Air Force Base is the Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC). AFTAC is the sole Department of Defense agency operating and maintaining a global network of nuclear event detection Patrick Air Force Base 99
sensors. The 920th Rescue Wing (920 RQW), part of Air Force Reserve Command, is also headquartered at Patrick AFB. An Air Combat Command (ACC)-gained combat search and rescue organization, the 920 RQW is the only rescue wing in the Air Force Reserve, operating the HC-130P/N "King" variant of the C-130 Hercules and HH-60G Pave Hawk helicopter, ready for worldwide deployment. The wing is also a major player in civilian rescue operations, most notably is its role in manned spaceflight support to NASA, providing Eastern Range monitoring and search and rescue support for Space Shuttle launches from Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Additional operations have also included searching the Caribbean for downed aircraft, as well as retrieving critically ill sailors and passengers from ships hundreds of miles out in the Atlantic, often at night and/or in bad weather. Because the USAF HH-60G can refuel in flight from the USAF HC-130, MC-130, or USMC KC-130, it possesses a much greater range and mission radius versus similar military helicopters.[5] The 920 RQW is also a full participant in the Air Force's current Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF) operating concept. Under this concept, the bulk of the wing deployed to Iraq in 2003 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Subsequent AETF deployments have included Djibouti in 2004 and 2006 and Afghanistan in 2007 in support of Operation Enduring Freedom.[6] Adjacent to the 920 RQW's facilities is the NASA Flight Operations Facility, which provides support for NASA's permanently based UH-1H helicopters supporting Kennedy Space Center and transient NASA fixed-wing aircraft such as the T-38 Talon. The U.S. State Department's Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Air Wing helps foreign countries combat drugs and narcotics criminals. The Bureau operates a fleet of aircraft, primarily former USAF and USMC OV-10 and former USAF C-27 aircraft at Patrick AFB to help detect and interdict the drug trade in Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Afghanistan.
History The facility which is today Patrick AFB initially started as Naval Air Station Banana River, having been commissioned on October 1, 1940. NAS Banana River supported seaplane patrol operations during World War II and it continued to operate as a Navy support base for two years after the war. The installation was deactivated and placed in a caretaker status on August 1, 1947. The Navy transferred NAS Banana River to the Air Force on September 1, 1948. The station was renamed the Joint Long Range Proving Ground (JLRPG) Base on June 10, 1949. On October 1, 1949, the Joint Long Range Proving Ground Base was transferred from Air Materiel Command to the Air Force Division of the Joint Long Range Proving Ground. In 1971 DEOMI was created at the base. Five of the victims of the Khobar Towers bombing in 1996 were stationed at Patrick.[7] The 9/11 attacks prompted the Air Force to close the heavily used 4-lane Florida State Road A1A which ran near the AFTAC building for awhile. Then it was reopened to two lane traffic with car inspections; then two-lane traffic until a barrier was constructed in front of the building and the building reinforced with steel and concrete with the windows sealed.[8] In February 2005, the officers club was destroyed by an accidental fire.[9] In 2010, the Air Force announced its intention to replace the AFTAC building with a new one costing from $100 to $200 million. This was the largest construction project in the US for the AF. It will be unknown operator: u',' square feet (unknown operator: u'strong'unknown operator: u','m2) multistory command and control building with a 38000 square feet (3500 m2) radiochemistry laboratory, 18000 square feet (1700 m2) central utility plant and a 600 space 180000 square feet (17000 m2) parking garage. [8] Patrick Air Force Base 100
Boeing E-6 Mercurys, part of Operation Looking Glass were sometimes seen at PAFB in 2010-11 and often mistaken by onlookers for the President's Plane, Air Force One which looks similar.[10]
Operational history On May 17, 1950, the base was renamed the "Long Range Proving Ground Base" but three months later was renamed "Patrick Air Force Base", in honor of Major General Mason Patrick.[11] On May 3, 1951, the Long Range Proving Ground Division was assigned to the newly-created Air Research and Development Command (ARDC). The next month the division was redesignated the Air Force Missile Test Center (AFMTC).[11] Cost comparison studies done in the early 1950s pointed out the desirability of letting contractors operate the station. The first range contract was signed with Pan American World Services on December 31, 1953. The Air Force Missile Test Center began transferring property and equipment to Pan American World Services at the end of that year. Pan American operated under contract to the Air Force for the next 34 years (until early October 1988). In 1988, the old range contract was divided into the Range Technical Services (RTS) and the Launch Base Services (LBS) contracts. The RTS contract was awarded to Computer Sciences Raytheon (CSR) in June 1988, and the LBS contract was awarded to Pan American World Services (later known as Johnson Controls) in August 1988. The Eastern Range supported a variety of missile and manned and unmanned space programs in the 1960s, making it a regular focus of media attention. In the 1960s, a test range office at Patrick AFB with a missile backdrop was used to film scenes for the TV sitcom, I Dream of Jeannie, which was set in nearby Cocoa Beach (no cast was present).[12] But by the mid-1970s, the demise of the Apollo manned space program and the end of land-based ballistic missile development at nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station signaled a downturn in fortunes, and on February 1, 1977, the "Air Force Eastern Test Range" organization was inactivated and its functions transferred to Detachment 1 of the Space and Missile Test Center (SAMTEC) until Rocket and missile display in front of the Air Force Technical Applications Center, Patrick the activation of the Eastern Space and Missile Center in 1979 on AFB, Florida, circa 1970. These static displays October 1, 1979. In 1990, ESMC was transferred from the inactivating have since been relocated to the AF Space & Air Force Systems Command (AFSC) to the newly established Air Missile Museum at Cape Canaveral AFS. Force Space Command (AFSPC). On November 12, 1991 ESMC was inactivated and the 45th Space Wing (45 SW) assumed its remaining functions.[13]
Air Defense Command
In 1961, Patrick AFB began hosting a joint Federal Aviation Administration/Air Defense Command joint-use radar site featuring an AN/FPS-66 general surveillance radar set for air defense of the Patrick AFB/Cape Canaveral area. Designated site "Z-211" (FAA J-05), the 645th Radar Squadron was reactivated on 28 June 1962 to operate the radar, feeding data to SAGE Data Center DC-09 at Gunter AFB, Alabama. Aerospace Defense Command operated the radar until 25 April 1976 when it was replaced by a detachment of the 20th Air Defense Squadron (OLA-A). The USAF radar was removed around 1988. After its closure by the Air Force, and turned over to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The former ADC site was replaced by a new site near Melbourne, Florida, as part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), designated by NORAD as Southeast Air Defense Sector (SEADS) Ground Equipment Facility "J-5", with a new ARSR-4 radar. [14] Patrick Air Force Base 101
Major commands assigned • Air Proving Ground Command, October 1, 1949 • Air Research and Development Command, May 14, 1951 Redesignated: Air Force Systems Command, April 1, 1961 • Air Force Space Command, October 1, 1991–present
Major units assigned • 2nd Combat Communications Group (inactivated 1993) • 2770th Standby Squadron, November 20, 1948 - October 1, 1949 • Advance HQ, Joint Long Range Proving Ground, October 1, 1949 - August 15, 1950 Redesignated, 4820th Air Base Squadron, August 15, 1950 - September 4, 1951 • 6550th Air Base Wing, September 4, 1951 - March 1, 1953 Redesignated: 6550th Air Base Group, March 1, 1953 - October 1, 1990 Redesignated: 1040th Space Support Group, October 1, 1990 - November 12, 1991 Redesignated: 45th Support Group, November 12, 1991 - present • Air Force Eastern Test Range, October 1, 1949 - February 1, 1977 Det. 1 Space and Missile Test Center (SAMTEC), February 1, 1977 - October 1, 1979 Eastern Space & Missile Center (ESMC), October 1, 1979 - November 1, 1991 • 4802d (later 6555th) Guided Missile Squadron, April 10, 1951 - August 15, 1959 Redesignated: 6555th Guided Missile Group, August 15, 1959 - July 1, 1992 • 6541st Missile Test Wing, September 4, 1951 - September 7, 1954 • 45th Space Wing on November 12, 1991–present 45th Support Group became subordinate of Wing Eastern Space & Missile Center became subordinate of Wing • 920th Rescue Wing, April 15, 1997–present [13] [15] Reference for history summation, major commands assigned and major units assigned
Buildings The base has the Space Coast Inn for visiting personnel, dormitories for permanent party single enlisted personnel, quarters for families in three separate housing areas, recreational housing on the beach, beach access, combined officers and enlisted clubs, commissary, a large base exchange (BX), library and numerous morale, welfare and recreation (MWR) facilities. There are several chapels including Chapel One, Chapel Two, South Chapel at the South Housing area, and Seaside Chapel (Building 440). There is also a "45th Space Wing Chapel" which travels with the Wing when it is deployed. The Catholic Group is called "St. George Parish" and meets in Chapel One or Two. While the buildings are owned by the Air Force, the Catholic Parish is under the spiritual direction of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA. In 2009, base housing was privatized and became available for lease by members of the Reserve and Guard, military retirees, Department of Defense civil service employees and DOD contractors.[16] In 2010, the construction of a new 74000 square feet (6900 m2) medical clinic was started. It is expected to cost $18.5 million.[8] Patrick Air Force Base 102
Media • The Missileer - published weekly.
Surrounding areas • Atlantic Ocean • Cocoa Beach • South Patrick Shores • Banana River, Merritt Island, Lotus
Access Patrick Air Force Base lies on a barrier island, and is primarily accessed from the mainland by the Pineda Causeway (State Road 404) in Satellite Beach, or Florida State Road A1A which runs the entire length of Patrick AFB.
References
[1] http:/ / www. patrick. af. mil
[2] FAA Airport Master Record for COF (http:/ / www. gcr1. com/ 5010web/ airport. cfm?Site=COF) ( Form 5010 (http:/ / www. gcr1. com/
5010web/ Rpt_5010. asp?au=PR& o=MA& faasite=03121. *A& fn=COF) PDF), effective 2007-10-25
[3] Moody, R. Norman (13 February 2010). "New Commander takes the flag" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20100213/ NEWS01/
2130322/ New-commander-takes-the-flag). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. . [4] Moody, R. Norman (May 12, 2007). After days of delay, airmen return from deployments. Florida Today.
[5] retrieved May 9, 2007 (http:/ / www. afreserve. com/ mission. asp?id=7) [6] Moody, R. Norman (May 12, 2007). "After days of delay, airmen return from deployments". Florida Today.
[7] (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ apps/ pbcs. dll/ gallery?Site=A9& Date=20110624& Category=NEWS01& ArtNo=624001& Ref=PH)
[8] Moody, R. Norman (15 October 2010). "Major construction planned at Patrick" (http:/ / www. floridatoday. com/ article/ 20101015/
NEWS01/ 10150319/ Major-construction-planned-at-Patrick). Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A. .
[9] (http:/ / forums. firehouse. com/ showthread. php?t=66332). Retrieved March 16, 2009. [10] Moody, R. Norman (February 8, 2011). "President's plane was not Air Force One". Florida Today (Melbourne, Florida): pp. 2B.
[11] Lethbridge, Keith. "THE MISSILE RANGE TAKES SHAPE (1949-1958)" (http:/ / www. spaceline. org/ capehistory/ 2a. html). . Retrieved 2008-02-24.
[12] http:/ / blogs. ocregister. com/ travel/ archives/ 2007/ 03/ ooooooh_master_a_night_in_jean. html
[13] "Fact Sheets : EVOLUTION OF THE 45TH SPACE WING" (http:/ / www. patrick. af. mil/ library/ factsheets/ factsheet. asp?id=4514). . Retrieved 2008-06-02. [14] Winkler, David F. (1997), Searching the skies: the legacy of the United States Cold War defense radar program. Prepared for United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command. [15] Mueller, Robert (1989). Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on September 17, 1982. USAF Reference Series, Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington, D.C. ISBN 0912799536; 0160022614
[16] Calkins, Chris (2009-01-29). "Base housing policy changes Feb. 2" (http:/ / www. patrick. af. mil/ news/ story. asp?id=123133179). 45th SW Public Affairs. . Retrieved 2009-04-10.
Other sources
• This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents (http:/ / www. afhra. af. mil/ ) of the Air Force Historical Research Agency. • This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document " Patrick Air
Force Base (http:/ / www. patrick. af. mil)". • Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units Of World War II. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1961 (republished 1983, Office of Air Force History, ISBN 0-912799-02-1). • Ravenstein, Charles A. Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Office of Air Force History 1984. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Patrick Air Force Base 103
• Mueller, Robert, Air Force Bases Volume I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982, Office of Air Force History, 1989
• History of the 45th Wing (http:/ / www. patrick. af. mil/ heritage/ 45thHist/ EVWING. htm)
• 71st Rescue Squadron (http:/ / www. globalsecurity. org/ military/ agency/ usaf/ 71rqs. htm) at GlobalSecurity.org
External links
• FAA Airport Diagram (http:/ / naco. faa. gov/ d-tpp/ 1111/ 00038AD. PDF) (PDF), effective 20 October 2011
• FAA Terminal Procedures for COF (http:/ / naco. faa. gov/ digital_tpp_search. asp?fldIdent=COF&
fld_ident_type=FAA& ver=1111& eff=10-20-2011& end=11-17-2011& btnSubmit=Complete+ Search), effective 20 October 2011 • Resources for this U.S. military airport:
• AirNav airport information for KCOF (http:/ / www. airnav. com/ airport/ KCOF)
• ASN accident history for COF (http:/ / aviation-safety. net/ database/ airport/ airport. php?id=COF)
• NOAA/NWS latest weather observations (http:/ / www. crh. noaa. gov/ data/ obhistory/ KCOF. html)
• SkyVector aeronautical chart for KCOF (http:/ / skyvector. com/ perl/ code?id=KCOF& scale=2) Article Sources and Contributors 104 Article Sources and Contributors
Brevard County, Florida Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=464485392 Contributors: ALTEK43, AceD, Aculady, AdamPFisher, After Midnight, Alarine, Archer3, AshyLarry, Auric, Aurigas, Azumanga1, Bihco, Black Regent, Brevard Alzheimer's, Brick Thrower, BridgesBTC, BritishWatcher, Brooker, Bumm13, Celeryguy, Cflguy2005, Chris the speller, Colonies Chris, CommonsDelinker, Cornellrockey, Culicidae, Cwolfsheep, D6, Dale101usa, Dekimasu, Dhartung, Donald Albury, Dromioofephesus, Duffman, Dustyvideoinc, Ebyabe, Enviroboy, Epbr123, Erzahler, Ethan lowter, FMAFan1990, FieldMarine, Firsfron, Fl295, Fluffernutter, Flyguy649, Friginator, Frymaster, Funnyhat, Gaius Cornelius, Gamweb, Garydaniels, Georgeb7, Gjs238, Globalroamer, GoingBatty, Golbez, GrahamHardy, Gregbard, HERB, Happysailor, HennessyC, Hmains, Hoof Hearted, Horologium, Hyperfast, Icedlake, J.delanoy, JPG-GR, JaGa, JamesAM, Jamesontai, Jcam, Jcsrauch, Jeff5102, Jhinman, Jmclarty, JogCon, John M Eriksen, Johnpacklambert, JordoCo, Juneythomas, Ken Gallager, KnightLago, Krenz, Kumioko, Kvng, Kyle422, Lateg, Leslie Mateus, Lightmouse, LilHelpa, Lsb07, Makingitbetter7, Mark Renier, MattB2, Mav, Maximkaaa, Mbartine, Mcmillen76, Mhiji, Mild Bill Hiccup, Minorinterest, Monstrocity, Moreau36, NC Ranger, Neutrality, Niceguyedc, Nono64, Nyttend, Omnedon, Onyourside, Ourhistory153, P.patty, Parkwells, Pat Payne, Pearle, Petervgardner, Phantomksu, Postdlf, RadioBroadcast, RadioFan, Ram-Man, Rditucci, Rich Farmbrough, Rjensen, Rjwilmsi, Roccofl, Sallicio, Scapler, Shuttle125, Smallbones, Smith03, Someone else, Sonicboi, Sortior, Spazzychalk, Student7, Sven Manguard, TMVMayor, TUF-KAT, Tabletop, Tdunkel, Techstar25, Template namespace initialisation script, TiMike, Tim Ross, Ulric1313, UnicornTapestry, Utcursch, Valentino, Vgranucci, VictorianMutant, Voyager, WereSpielChequers, WerewNC, WhyDoIKeepForgetting, Will Beback Auto, Worldenc, 260 anonymous edits
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Melbourne, Florida Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=464486659 Contributors: Aaustin190, Acntx, Addshore, Aesopos, Ahoerstemeier, Ahunt, Andrewrp, Animum, Arakunem, Archer3, Ascension2950, Augustus Rookwood, Averette, Azumanga1, BD2412, BLM Platinum, Barbara Monroe, Bethbigmansion, Biatch, Bidgee, Bigboi999, BillC, Bipoly999, Bishop2, Bobo192, Bongoed, Brainboy109, Bratschr, Canadaolympic989, CapeVerdeWave, Celeryguy, Cfrydj, Cgsguy2, Ch'marr, Cmr08, Cmulgrew, Colonies Chris, Crow732, Cstella23, Culicidae, Cyp, D6, DGtal, Dan Parnell, DanMS, Danielsan1701, Darth Panda, Das971, Daytonlowell, Doc.osprey, Doco, Doh5678, Donald Albury, Dori, Downwards, Droll, Drummerboy37, Dsinden, DynSkeet, Ebyabe, Engineer Bob, Ericje, Ermanon, Ewetmill, FLBP, FieldMarine, Fl295, Flobster, Geekwithstyle, Georgeb7, Ghmyrtle, Gnuish, GoIrish75, Googiedog, Grafen, Holytiger1000, Hope Springs Eternal, Horologium, Hugh Manatee, Hushpuckena, JHP, JPG-GR, Jamesontai, Jeff G., Jeroldc, Jimp, Jmlk17, Joe Sewell, JogCon, John K, Jérôme, Katalaveno, Katydidit, Korn1321, Lightmouse, Lord Warlock, MJCdetroit, Mark Renier, Martin H., Mcmillen76, Mets501, Mginsbu, Mhiji, Mindspillage, Monstrocity, Moocowsrock, Moreau36, NE2, Nikki311, Ninly, Nk, Olivier, P.patty, Pearle, PhilFree, Procellarum, RadioBroadcast, Ram-Man, Randydrummer, Rhesusmonkeyboy, Rjwilmsi, Rocknroll guitar, Rocknroll homer, S h i v a (Visnu), Sallicio, Samquinn, ScifiterX, Sciurinæ, Seaphoto, Seth Ilys, Shindo9Hikaru, Shoeofdeath, Smeira, Sonicboi, Stateside Menace, Student7, Sven Manguard, Tabletop, Tassedethe, Telos, Tesscass, Testy537, Threewinds, Tim Starling, Twalls, Uceusa, Vicki Rosenzweig, Victuallers, WhisperToMe, Wilchett, Wildboy211, WillC, Willking1979, Woohoocayli, Yourname, 558 anonymous edits
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45th Space Wing Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=448635011 Contributors: Bahamut0013, Beachgrinch, Bobblehead, Bubba73, Buckshot06, Bwmoll3, CWY2190, Coxdj1, Denelson83, Evolauxia, FieldMarine, Fl295, Hmains, Jamesontai, Jatkins, Ktr101, Kumioko, LanceBarber, Larry.malcom, Lord Pistachio, MBK004, Ndunruh, OldManInACoffeeCan, Pmsyyz, Rillian, Sven Manguard, 16 anonymous edits
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Patrick Air Force Base Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=464477428 Contributors: Acme54321, AnarchMonarch, Backspace, Beachgrinch, Bubba73, Bwmoll3, Canglesea, Chesipiero, Cjthellama, Colonies Chris, CommonsDelinker, Drpickem, FieldMarine, Fl295, GiW, Hmains, Horologium, Jamesontai, Jllm06, Jon Cates, Jusdafax, JustAddPeter, Keith D, Ken keisel, LanceBarber, Lightmouse, Lineagegeek, Marvin Nash, Muj0, Ndunruh, NearTheZoo, Njm05, PGPirate, Paraplegicemu, Phyllis1753, R'n'B, RadioBroadcast, Ravendriver, Rich Farmbrough, Rjwilmsi, Rl, Robert K S, Rogerd, Sdsds, Signalhead, Student7, Sven Manguard, TDogg310, USSTRATCOM PAO, Zyxw, 61 anonymous edits Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 105 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
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