Anders As by Kimberley Het Die Boeremag Wat Rondom Ladysmith

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Anders As by Kimberley Het Die Boeremag Wat Rondom Ladysmith HOOFSTUK 13 DIE BELEG VAN LADYSMITH GEDURENDE 1899 1. HOUDING VAN DIE BOERE T.A.V. LADYSMITH Anders as by Kimberley het die Boeremag wat rondom Ladysmith saamgetrek was, ernstige pogings aangewend om die Britse troepemag wat hom in Ladysmith bevind het, tot kapitulasie te dwing. Die aanwesigheid van die Britse troepe- mag in Ladysmith was vir die Boere ’n doring in die oog, en aan die verowering van die dorp — die derde grootste in Natal — het hulle derhalwe baie moeite, kapitaal, wapentuig en mannekrag bestee. Die redes waarom die besit van Ladysmith — ’n dorp van 5,400 inwoners — vir die Boere van belang was, was eerstens omdat die hoofspoor- lyne uit Transvaal en die Oranje-Vrystaat daar bymekaar aangesluit het en die besit van die aansluiting ’n kragdadige verenigde optrede van die twee state in Natal sou vergemaklik, en Lt.-genl. sir George White tweedens omdat daar ’n aanloklike hoeveelheid onderoffisiere en manskappe (van wie 1 krygstuig was wat met die oorgawe van die dorp offisier en 1 manskap siek of gewond in die hande van die Boere sou val. Daarby was was) met 2 skeepskanonne van ’n die troepemag wat in Ladysmith onder die bevel kaliber van 4.7 duim, 4 twaalfponder- van lt.-genl. sir George White stelling geneem skeepskanonne en 4 masjiengewere, en het om te verhoed dat die dorp in die hande van ’n veldartilleriemag van 37 offisiere en die Boere val, sterk — so sterk dat die Boere 1,329 onderoffisiere en manskappe (van gedwonge was om ’n sterk mag af te sonder om wie 1 offisier en 21 onderoffisiere en die troepe in toom te hou en te voorkom dat hulle manskappe siek of gewond was) met 2 vanuit Ladysmith ekspedisies waag om die houwitsers, 36 vyftienponder- verbindingslinies tussen die Republieke en Natal Armstrongs, 2 kanonne van ’n kaliber te ontwrig. van 2.5 duim en 2 Maxim-Nordenfeldts — afgesien van 4 kanonne wat in die 2. STERKTE EN TOERUSTING VAN BRITSE store gehou is. TROEPEMAG Hierdie troepemag het op 2 Nov. 1899 bestaan (c) ’n Imperiale infanteriemag van 207 uit ’n totaal van 13,745 soldate van wie 249 siek offisiere en 7,310 onderoffisiere en of gewond was, met 51 kanonne en 18 manskappe (van wie 10 offisiere en 103 masjiengewere as volg bereken: onderoffisiere en manskappe siek of gewond was) met 7 masjiengewere. (a) ’n Staf van 70 offisiere en 200 onder- (d) ’n Imperiale kavalleriemag van 127 offisiere en manskappe. offisiere en 2,335 onderoffisiere en (b) ’n Artilleriemag saamgestel uit ’n manskappe (van wie 6 offisiere en 21 vlootbrigade van 20 offisiere en 262 onderoffisiere en manskappe siek of Hulle het oor 2,412 lyfbediendes, hoofsaaklik gewond was) met 3 masjiengewere. Bantoes, beskik.1 (e) ’n Genieafdeling van 13 offisiere en 273 Naas die troepe was daar ’n burgerlike bevolking onderoffisiere en manskappe (van wie 2 van sowat 5,400 sodat die totale aantal onderoffisiere en manskappe gewond ingesetenes van die dorp ongeveer 21,300 persone was). beloop het.2 (f) ’n Mag Natalse Vrywilligers wat met In Ladysmith het genl. White oor voldoende voor- insluiting van die “Town Guard” van rade beskik om hierdie troepe sowel as die Ladysmith 72 offisiere en 1,111 onder- burgerlike bevolking vir sowat drie maande aan offisiere en manskappe beloop het (van die gang te hou — desnoods meer — en oor wie 2 offisiere en 81 onderoffisiere en voldoende ammunisie om hom teen die aanslae manskappe siek of gewond was) met 3 van die Boere te verweer en selfs aanvalle op negeponder-kanonne en 4 masjien- hulle te onderneem. Die militêre voedselvoorrade gewere. bereken teen volle rantsoene het ingesluit broodkoring en meel vir 65 dae, vleis vir 50 dae, (g) ’n Veldhospitaalafdeling van 33 offisiere kruideniersware vir 46 dae en voer vir 32 dae, en en 175 onderoffisiere en manskappe. uit die winkels, hotels en wat dies meer sy het die (h) ’n Ordonnanskorps van 8 offisiere en 62 assistent-adjudant-generaal, brevet-kol. E. W. D. onderoffisiere en manskappe, en Ward, nog bygekry broodkoring en meel vir (i) 5 offisiere en 96 onderoffisiere en manskappe van die leërdienskorps. 1 Sien Britse amptelike History of the War in South Africa, II, pp. 538 en 601. 2 Ibid., p. 538. ongeveer 14 dae, kruideniersware vir 18 dae en die weerstand van die verdedigers met geweld uit graan vir 26 dae. Ook is twee mieliemeulens te wis maar daarvoor het hulle Ladysmith te goed oorgeneem om onder militêre toesig te werk.3 verskans geag. Die ammunisie in voorraad het beloop 5,500,000 In die eerste plek was dit so geleë dat die geweerpatrone — afgesien van 150 patrone wat verdedigers talle maklik verdedigbare stellings aan elke soldaat uitgereik was — 250 bomme vir rondom die dorp kon inneem van waar hulle ’n elke 15-ponder kanon, 300 bomme vir elke, aanvaller maklik kon terugskiet. Nie alleen was skeepskanon van 4.7 duim kaliber, 290 bomme dit op kort afstand aan die suide- en oostekant en vir elke twaalfponder-skeepskanon en 430 gedeeltelik ook aan die westekant deur ’n diep bomme vir elke houwitser van 6.3 duim kaliber, bog van die Kliprivier omring nie, maar dit was afgesien van die ammunisie wat vir die ligter tipes tewens verskuil agter ’n skansmuur van aaneen- kanonne beskikbaar was.4 liggende heuwels en rante wat in die vorm van ’n perdehoef om die dorp gesirkel het en dit aan die 3. DIE TERREIN BY LADYSMITH EN DIE noorde-, weste-, en suidekant deeglik beskut het. HOUDING EN STERKTE VAN DIE BOERE Aan die onderskeie punte in hierdie heuwelketting Die Boere het geen plan vooraf beraam oor hoe wat soos ’n borswering om die dorp gelê het, het hulle te werk sou gaan om Ladysmith te verower die troepe name gegee. Op die oostelike punt ten nie en was van die staanspoor af onseker oor wat noorde van die dorp was Devon's Post (noord van die beste metode sou wees om die garnisoen die Kliprivier) en wes daarvan het teen mekaar aldaar tot oorgawe te dwing. Die eenvoudigste geleë die Helpmekaarrant, Cemetery Hill, Tunnel metode was natuurlik om die dorp te bestorm en Hill, Junction Hill, Gordon Hill, Cove Redoubt (met Observation Hill ten noorde daarvan geleë), 3 Ibid., pp. 538-539. Leicester Post, King's Post en Ration Post uitge- 4 Ibid., p. 539. strek, laasgenoemde waarvan aan die westekant breë draai suidooswaarts en later suidweswaarts van die dorp op die noordelike wal van die Klip- gevloei en digby Caesar's Camp met Fouriespruit rivier gelê het. Ten suide van Ration Post tussen verenig het. Laasgenoemde, ’n tak van die die Kliprivier en Flagstonespruit was Rifleman's Kliprivier, het tussen Ladysmith en Colenso Post, wat deur Range Post ten suidooste daarvan ontspring, suid en wes om Platrand geloop en oos, verbind was met Maiden Castle ten suide van die van Platrand in die Kliprivier ingevloei. Die moot dorp. Dit het vasgeloop in die Platrand wat verder van die Kliprivier wat weens sy kronkels op suid ewewydig met Maiden Castle gelê en aan die minstens drie plekke front na die ooste toe westekant deur ’n nou dal daarvan geskei was. gemaak het, het dus ’n uitstekende loopgraaf Aan die noordekant van die dorp was hierdie gebied vir die verdediging van die dorp teen heuwels gemiddeld slegs 100 tot 200 voet hoog aanvalle vanuit ’n oostelike rigting. Die dorp wat en baie rotsagtig maar aan die weste- en suidekant bestaan het uit twee hoofstrate waarlangs winkels het hulle tot aansienlike hoogte gestyg. Slegs aan en huise met sinkdakke gepryk het, was dus so die oostekant was Ladysmith deur geen heuwels geleë dat dit rondom deur goeie, natuurlike bedek nie. Tussen Caesar's Camp — soos die verdedigingstellings beskut was.5 Engelse die oostelike punt van Platrand genoem Al hierdie maklik verdedigbare posisies is soos het — en Devon's Post was ’n vlakte van reeds in Deel I van hierdie werk vermeld, na 30 nagenoeg twee myl breed, sodat die binnekant Okt. 1899 stewig deur genl. White beset en dit van die hele borswering wat deur die heuwels was dus onmoontlik om Ladysmith aan enige kant gevorm is, en natuurlik ook die dorp self, vanaf ongesiens te nader.6 Die dorp met sy natuurlike Bulwanaberg en Lombardskop duidelik sigbaar verdedigingstellings hierbo beskrywe, was nl. was. Die verdediging van die dorp aan die oostekant is egter begunstig deur die moot van die 5 Sien kaart teenoor p. 456 hieragter. Kliprivier wat van die Helpmekaarrant af met ’n 6 Vgl. Deel I Hoofstuk 14.3 van hierdie werk. deur ’n breë vlakte geskei van die verder weg 8,000 tree en 7,500 tree van die middel van die geleë heuwels wat in ’n byna aaneenlopende dorp af geleë.7 sirkel op afstande van 7,500 tot 11,000 tree van Nadat die Boere die pragtige kans verspeel het die middel van die dorp af geleë was, en waarop wat hulle op 30 Okt. 1899 gehad het om die Boere hulle reeds voor die slag van Ladysmith stormenderhand te verower toe hulle Modderspruit af al begin tuismaak het. Die genl. White se troepemag in die slag by Modder- vernaamste van hierdie heuwels was Thornhills- spruit en Nicholsonsnek so ’n swaar neerlaag kop, Vaalkop, deur die Engelse Surprise Hill besorg het, het hulle Ladysmith tydsaam van die genoem (met Kainguba in die rug daarvan geleë), buitewereld afgesny. Daardeur het hulle White se Bellskop, Pepworthheuwel en Lang Hill, almal leër wat op 30 Oktober beslis gedemoraliseerd aan die noordekant van die dorp geleë, was, kans gegee om weer tot verhaal te kom. Lombardskop met sy uitlopers Gun Hill en Trouens hulle het nie voor 9 Nov.
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