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A Princess of the Italian Reformation, Giulia Gonzaga

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A Princess of the Italian Reformation, Giulia Gonzaga .>'.: '. ' ' ^^ A: - PRINCESS OF THE . - 1 REFORMATION ISTl SH-0 * o h< (Blonxell Wmwwttg |fitawg BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Hetirg W. Sage 1891 A:lU8.oJ$ lliXlU. The date shows when this volume was taken. To renew this book c'opv the call No. and give to _____ the libra rian. HOME USE RULES. All Books subject to Recall. „ — . Books not used for ^ 6 /3 7 < 2, 3 instruc tion or research -are returnable within 4 weeks. Volumes of periodi- cals and of pamphlets y^^sgSBJ are held in the library as much as possible. For special purposes they are given out for a limited time. Borrowers should' not use their library privileges for the bene- fit of other persons. Books not needed . during recess periods should be returned to the library, or arrange- ments made for their return during borrow- er's abse ace, if wanted. Books needed by more than one person are held on the reserve list. Books of special value and gift books, when the giver wishes it, are not allowed to circulate. Readers are asked to report all cases of books marked or muti- lated. Do not deface books by marks and writing. CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1924 087 980 458 ft ^1 A /)mA^ / A PRINCESS OF THE ITALIAN REFORMATION Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924087980458 Ste&tnii&fjTnj 5&&yiv?iuZ>y/j% GIULIA GONZAGA (reputed). Sebastiano del Piombo. Formerly in the Bandini Palace, Rome. A PRINCESS OF THE ITALIAN REFORMATION GIULIA GONZAGA I 5 I 3~ J 5 66 HER FAMILY AND HER FRIENDS BY CHRISTOPHER HARE AUTHOR OF 'LADIES OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE," "THE LIKE OF LOUIS XL, "ISABELLA OF MILAN," ETC. "Giulia Gonzaga, che le luci sante E i suoi pensier siccome strali al segno Rivolti a Dio, in lui viva, in se morta Di null' altro si ciba, e si consorta." Tasso NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 153-157 FIFTH AVENUE U AM\ M-G%o<?3 r-^ CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGES Concerning the family of Gonzaga—Birth and lineage of Giulia Gonzaga — Lodovico III., Marchese of Mantua, marries Barbara of Brandenburg— Before his death he divides his estates amongst his sons : the eldest, Federico, succeeds him in the title and the State of Mantua, while Gian- francesco, his mother's favourite, receives Bozzolo and Sabbioneta — He marries Antonia del Balzo, and their granddaughter is Giulia Gonzaga, the heroine of this Memoir—Her early life and education—Story of Antonia del Balzo—The wedding feast of a Gonzaga Princess, told by Matteo Bandello - - - - - i— 8 CHAPTER II Happy family life at Gazzuolo—Giulia's- eldest brother, Luigi Rodomonte Gonzaga, represents his father at the funeral of the Marchese Francesco— Gallant adventures of Luigi—^He is in the service of the Emperor Charles V., and pays a visit to England with him—Poetry of Luigi—Giulia Gonzaga noted for her talent and beauty—She is invited to accom- pany the Marchesa of Mantua, Isabella d' Este, to Rome ------- g— 20 CHAPTER III The journey to Rome—Giulia travels by the river to Ferrara, where Isabella d' Este and her train are received by her brother, Duke Alfonso d' Este—Onwards to Ravenna and Rimini, the home of the Malatesta—The travellers are wel- comed at Pesaro and then at Urbino by the Dowager- —; CONTENTS PASES Duchess Elisabetta Gonzaga, and the Duchess Leonara, daughter of Isabella d' Este—On the journey beyond Loreto they receive news of the Battle of Pavia (February 24, 1525) —The arrival in Rome— Isabella d' Este has an interview with Pope Clement VII.— Life in the Colonna Palace 21 —33 CHAPTER IV Pages from the Day-Book of Giulia Gonzaga : Her life in Rome, at the Colonna Palace (June, 1525)—Account of literary gathering of distinguished men—The Bishops Chiericati, Sadolato, and others ; Pietro Bembo, Paolo Giovio, the poet Molza, etc.—Discussions on many subjects—A visit to the Salviati Palace ; Maria Salviati, wife of Giovanni delle Bande Nere, her father and mother— Luigi Rodomonte comes to Rome— His enthusiasm for Ariosto ; he tells the story of the " Orlando Furioso "—Other events of that winter (1525) ------ 34—51 CHAPTER V Day-Book of Giulia Gonzaga (continued) : Vittoria Colonna in Rome, after the death of her husband, the Marchese di Pescara— Her story and her sonnets—The great Lord Vespasiano Colonna, son of Prospero Colonna, is a suitor for the hand of Giulia Gonzaga—Their splendid wedding takes place on June 26, 1526—Account of the ride across the Campagna, and the coming to the Castello of Pagliano (End of Giulia's Day-Book) - 52—67 CHAPTER VI The political situation of Italy in the year 1526— The Colonna Raid upon Rome—Pope Clement VII. takes his revenge Rivalry between Spain and France—The Pope's double- dealing—Overwhelming invasion of Italy and sack of Rome a time of unspeakable horror—Luigi Rodomonte Gonzaga protects Isabella d' Este, and helps the Pope to escape from Rome—Death of Giulia's husband, Vespasiano Colonna, March 27, 1527— His will —Pagliano defended by Luigi from the Orsini—He becomes betrothed to Isabella Colonna ._.... 68—So —— CONTENTS CHAPTER VII PAGES Luigi Rodomonte wounded at Viterbo— Death of Giulia's mother, Francesca Pieschi, and of her brother, Cardinal Pirro Gonzaga—Her father takes orders, and is known as the Abate Lodovico— Luigi attends the coronation of the Emperor Charles V. at Bologna—Some time later the mar- riage of Luigi and Isabella Colonna is formally announced —Giulia visits Lombardy and her home— Birth of Vespasiano Colonna Gonzaga— His father, Luigi Rodomonte, is wounded at Vicovero, and dies, 1532—His will- - - 81 —96 CHAPTER VIII Description of the ancient city of Fondi, where Giulia Gonzaga held her splendid Court—Unique literary and artistic centre — Her friendship with Vittoria Colonna—Poets and histor- ians unite in their praises of Giulia Gonzaga Colonna Quotations from the works of Ariosto, Tasso, Flaminio, Molza, and others—A " Golden Age " at Fondi—Her por- trait is painted by Sebastiano del Piombo, by command of the Cardinal dei Medici—His devotion to Giulia—The story of Ippolito's life—He is made Cardinal by his uncle, Clement VII.—He is present at the marriage of Catherine dei Medici with'Henri, second son of Francois I., King of France- ------ gy— IIO CHAPTER IX 1534—'The Barbary Corsairs raid the Mediterranean coasts Attempt of Kher-el-dln (better known as the younger Bar- barossa) to carry off the beautiful Countess of Fondi to the Sultan, Suleyman II. —He lands at Sperlonga with his pirate bands, and reaches Fondi in the dead of night—The hair- breadth escape of Giulia Gonzaga, and her flight through the darkness—Her city and palace sacked, and many of her people massacred by the Corsairs—Cardinal Ippolito dei Medici heads the avenging army—All Christendom is roused " —" La Ninfa fugitiva —Expedition of the Emperor Charles V. against Tunis and Barbarossa - - 111 — 121 vii — CONTENTS CHAPTER X PAGES Trouble between Giulia Gonzaga and Isabella Colonna concern- ing the will of Vespasiano Colonna—Isabella is in constant strife with her husband's relations—Cardinal Ippolito dei Medici is sent from Florence by the fuorisciii on an embassy to the Emperor in Tunis —He pays a visit to Giulia at Fondi, and then passes on to Itri—Here he is poisoned by the treachery of Duke Alessandro of Florence— Giulia hastens to Itri, and is with him in his last hours till his death, on August 7, 1535 —Her bereavement an undying sorrow to Giulia—Deeply mourned by all, Ippolito is borne to Rome and buried with stately funeral honours - 122— 132 CHAPTER XI The Emperor Charles V. takes possession of Tunis— He sails thence to Sicily, and appoints Ferrante Gonzaga Governor of the island—On arriving at Naples the Emperor desires to meet the Countess of Fondi, and invites her to his Court He finds a husband for the young widow, Isabella Colonna, Charles de Lannoy Prince of Sulmona, the son of his General at Pavia—The marriage takes place in February, 1536—Giulia Gonzaga obtains leave from the Pope to live in the Convent of San Francesco delle Monache at Naples —She attends the preaching of Fra Ochino, and becomes an earnest disciple of the reformer, Juan Valdes—At her suggestion he writes his famous " Alfabeto Cristiano " Concerning other religious works of Valdes— His gathering of friends at Chiaja for Christian discourse—Letter of George Herbert on the translation of his works - 133— 146 CHAPTER XII Strong movement for religious reform in Italy, but no desire for schism against Rome—Great ladies take a foremost part in the awakening of religious zeal : Giulia Gonzaga, Vittoria Colonna, Rende of Ferrara, Costanza d' Avalos, Isabella Brisegna, and others—Wonderful results of the teaching of " Valdes at Naples— His writings : Dialogo de Mercurio y Caron," the "Alfabeto Cristiano," the "no Considera- viii — CONTENTS PASES „ _ , tiones, Translations of the Psalms, the Gospels, and Epistles —Also the " Beneficio," by a disciple of his, which spread his views throughout all Italy—Death of Valdes, 1541 - 147—162 CHAPTER XIII The Reformation in Italy (continued)—Renee, Duchess of Fer- rara, Olympia Morata ; life of Caterina Cibo (who died at Florence, 1557)—Persecution and flight of Fra Bernardino Ochino, Peter Martyr, and others—Giulia Gonzaga is a guiding spirit of the cause at Naples—Death of Madonna Antonia del Balzo, 1538, and the Abate Lodovico, father of Giulia — She then becomes the guardian of her nephew Vespasiano, son of her brother, Luigi Rodomonte Gonzaga .....
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