DOCSLIB.ORG

Problems Involved in the Sustainable Water Supply from Annamayya And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Problems Involved in the Sustainable Water Supply from Annamayya And Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 Problems Involved in the Sustainable Water Supply from Annamayya and Mallemadugu Reservoirs in Kadapa and Chittoor Districts of Galeru-Nagari Sujala Sravanthi (GNSS) Project, Andhra Pradesh, India R Balaram* Department of Geology Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India *Corresponding Author S. Ramanaiah Department of Geology Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India R. Jagadiswara Rao Retired Principal and Professor of Geology Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract – This paper describes the Galeru-Nagari Sujala Sravanthi (GNSS) Project under construction since 1988 to import Krishna River water through Galeru River in Kurnool District to Kadapa and Chittoor Districts, Andhra Pradesh, India by limiting the scope of work to Annamayya Reservoir southeast of Pulangeru River – a tributary of Cheyyeru River in Kadapa district and Mallemadugu Reservoir at Karakambadi village in Chittoor district and the adjoining Tirupati Smart City for sustainable development of water resources of good quality for various uses. Keywords – Water Supply, Surface Water, Ground Water, Water Supply, Gravity Flow, Pumping, Sustainability, Water Quality, Floods, Droughts. I. INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF GNSS PROJECT Government of Andhra Pradesh (AP) took up the Galeru Nagari Sujala Sravanthi (GNSS) Project as per Government Order (GO) dated 22 Sep 1988 to draw 40 TMCft surplus flood water of Krishna River a year from the foreshore of Srisailam Reservoir during August to November every year through Srisailam Right Bank Canal (SRBC) system up to Gorakallu Reservoir and thereafter through an independent flood flow canal canal together with tunnels to feed several reservoirs en route. The water so stored would be used to irrigate one crop by gravity flow in 1.55 lakh acres in Kadapa District, 1.035 lakh acres in Chittoor District and 1.5 thousand acres in Nellore District. As per Government Order (GO) dated 26 Aug 2020, administrative sanction was accorded for over Rs Volume X Issue III MARCH 2021 Page No : 282 Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 10,300 crores for various irrigation projects in Rayalaseema region with lion’s share earmarked to lift water from Gandikota reservoir to a link canal together with tunnels for flow by gravity till Nagari River (Fig 1). The scope of our work is confined to the existing Annamayya Reservoir (Sagar) and Mallemadugu (Mallimadugu) Reservoir together with the Tirupati Smart City. The masonry dam of Annamayya Medium Irrigation Reservoir was constructed across Cheyyeru River downstream of its confluence with Mandavi River at Badanagadda village in Rajampeta Mandal during 1981-2001 at a cost of Rs. 60.44 crores. It is designed to irrigate 13,000 acres in Khariff, 6,500 acres in Rabi and 3,000 acres for stabilization of wet crops under tanks, besides providing drinking water of 190 mcft of water to 140 habitations in Rajampet mandal and 100 mcft to 75 habitations in Kodur mandal by seeking funds under Govt of India's Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP) for agrarian-distressed districts. The Mallemadugu reservoir was constructed across Rallakalva River with a full reservoir capacity of 505 acres (204.39 ha) and a gross storage capacity of 181 mcft (5.13 million cu m). Its command area is 3954 acres (1600 ha), which includes a direct ayacut of 267 acres (108 ha) and an indirect ayacut of 3687 acres (1492 ha) irrigated by 15 system tanks. Fig 1: Schematic map showing how the Gandikota reservoir water would be lifted into link canals with tunnels and balancing reservoirs to flow by gravity up to Nagari River. Volume X Issue III MARCH 2021 Page No : 283 Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 ANNAMAYYA PROJECT Construction of Annamayya Project posed several problems (Sudarsana Raju, 1989, 1995). Although Bairenkonda Quartzite exposed along the dam axis and the spillway provided good stability to the dam, the reservoir could hold no water at all. An investigation revealed that the entire reservoir water was percolating as deep groundwater owing to the leaky nature of the underlying cavernous dolomite limestone and shale. A subsurface dam with diaphragm wall was then constructed along the dam axis and the spillway. By this, the reservoir could be made perennial round the year to some base level. Thus from the historical Google Earth Pro images generated, the reservoir was not seen at all in the imageries captured on or before 31 Dec 2000. Only after the construction of the subsurface dam, the imageries captured on or after 31 Dec 2001 only show the reservoir (Fig 2). Further investigations revealed that there was leakage of water into the underground as deep groundwater through cavernous dolomite limestone and shale (karst formation) occurring in a large area around the reservoir preventing any further rise of water level in the reservoir. As a result, no water flowed in the already constructed Right Main Lined Canal of 23.63 km length from the reservoir. The Cheyyeru Riverbed in the downstream looks dry most of the time but for a minor meandered flow for a few km downstream of the dam. The riverbed both in the upstream and downstream of the Annamayya reservoir looks barren of water exposing mostly dry sand with shallow groundwater flowing beneath the channel emerging as surface water only in the Annamayya reservoir and the downstream Somasila reservoir. Fig 2 is the Google Earth Pro image of the Cheyyeru River as on 7 Apr 2019 showing the dry lined supply channel of the Project with extensive crop growth round the year in and around the command area using deep wells. The cultivators in the region were irrigating the arable land on either side of the Cheyyeru River earlier through spring channels by gravity flow and lift (or doruvu) wells in the riverbed, now replaced by shallow tube wells popularly known as filter points. Although the command area of the Annamayya Project gets no reservoir water through gravity flow, the enterprising cultivators in the region could tap deep groundwater through bore wells constructed by rotary percussion method using Down-The-Hole (DTH) rigs to irrigate their lands round the year. This deep groundwater remained sustainable owing to round-the-clock seepage of Annamayya reservoir water through karst formations. Fig 2: Google Earth Pro Image of Annamayya Reservoir as on 7 Apr 2019. Volume X Issue III MARCH 2021 Page No : 284 Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 Fig 3 shows how the riverbed downstream of the Annamayya reservoir looks. Although the Bairenkonda Quartzite with shale interactions occurs along the flanks of Annamayya reservoir with hillocks covered with shrubby forest cover, the riverbed is occupied by a thick substrate of crushed stone of various dimensions interspersed by pools of freshwater where fish grow. Under the influence of cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal, there can be cloudburst rains in the catchment generating flash floods for a few days both in the upstream and downstream of the existing reservoirs (Figs 4 and 5). Fig 3: Photo of Cheyyeru Riverbed downstream of Annamayya Dam Fig 4: Photo taken on 3 Oct 2020 showing short-duration flood flow along the spillway of the Annamayya Dam. Volume X Issue III MARCH 2021 Page No : 285 Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 Fig 5: Photo taken on 3 Oct 2020 showing Nandalur-Rajampet Rail Bridge with good water spread shown for short duration in the riverbed serving as a source of recreation. MALLEMADUGU PROJECT Mallemadugu reservoir is an existing reservoir in an area of 505 acres (204.39 ha) constructed across the Rallakalva (Rallamadugu) River with a capacity of 181 mcft to irrigate a direct ayacut of 267 acres (108 ha) and an indirect ayacut of 3687 acres (1492 ha) irrigated by 15 system tanks. In order to store and use the GNSS water expected to flow by gravity from Gandikota lift after some years, the Govt of AP approached the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests for clearance of 1829 acres (740 hectares) of forestland for a 3-fold increase of the Mallemadugu reservoir’s capacity and construction of a new Balaji Sagar Reservoir of 4 tmcft capacity nearby to provide additional drinking water needs of both Tirupati and Tirumala. After over one decade, the Union Ministry consented to the AP Govt’s proposal and asked to pay compensation of Rs 75 crores (Nethaji, 2019). Once the GNSS water fills these reservoirs to the full, there would be seven-fold increase in water filling up these reservoirs. Mallemadugu reservoir as on now carries very little water as shown in Fig 6. But, when it receives cloudburst rains under the influence of cyclonic depressions in the Bay of Bengal during North East monsoon, it looks as in Fig 7 and soon gets back to its normal condition after inflicting extensive flood disaster of short duration in the downstream. Fig 6: Nearly Dry Mallemadugu Reservoir bed. Volume X Issue III MARCH 2021 Page No : 286 Science, Technology and Development ISSN : 0950-0707 Fig 7: Heavy outflows to Rallakalva River and Rallamadugu in Yerpedu mandal downstream of Mallemadugu reservoir on 26 Nov 2020 It is pertinent here to mention the media report on the flood disaster caused by this flow in the downstream (New Indian Express, 2020). Three farmers who went to retrieve their motors from the banks of Rallakalva River in spate on the morning of 26 Nov 2020 were washed away to Rallamadugu in Yerpedu Mandal, Chittoor District. Two of them could be rescued by the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Personnel in a speed boat accompanied by the Chandragiri MLA and Government Whip Chevireddy Bhaskar Reddy, who received laurels from the AP Chief Minister YS Jaganmohan Reddy (Fig 8).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Geomorphological Studies of the Sedimentary Cuddapah Basin, Andhra Pradesh, South India
    SSRG International Journal of Geoinformatics and Geological Science (SSRG-IJGGS) – Volume 7 Issue 2 – May – Aug 2020 Geomorphological studies of the Sedimentary Cuddapah Basin, Andhra Pradesh, South India Maheswararao. R1, Srinivasa Gowd. S1*, Harish Vijay. G1, Krupavathi. C1, Pradeep Kumar. B1 Dept. of Geology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa-516005, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract: The crescent shaped Cuddapah basin located Annamalai Surface - at an altitude of over 8000’ (2424 mainly in the southern part of Andhra Pradesh and a m), ii. Ootacamund Surface – at 6500’-7500’ (1969- little in the Telangana State is one of the Purana 2272 m) on the west and at 3500’ (1060m) on the east basins. Extensive work was carried out on the as noticed in Tirumala hills, iii. Karnataka Surface - stratigraphy of the basin, but there is very little 2700’-3000’ (Vaidynathan, 1964). 2700-3300 reference (Vaidynathan,1964) on the geomorphology of (Subramanian, 1973) 2400-3000 (Radhakrishna, 1976), the basin. Hence, an attempt is made to present the iv. Hyderabad Surface – at 1600’ – 2000’v. Coastal geomorphology of the unique basin. The Major Surface – well developed east of the basin.vi. Fossil Geomorphic units correspond to geological units. The surface: The unconformity between the sediments of the important Physiographic units of the Cuddapah basin Cuddapah basin and the granitic basement is similar to are Palakonda hill range, Seshachalam hill range, ‘Fossil Surface’. Gandikota hill range, Velikonda hill range, Nagari hills, Pullampet valley and Kundair valley. In the Cuddapah Basin there are two major river systems Key words: Topography, Land forms, Denudational, namely, the Penna river system and the Krishna river Pediment zone, Fluvial.
    [Show full text]
  • Hand Book of Statistics
    HAND BOOK OF STATISTICS Y.S.R. DISTRICT 2018 CHIEF PLANNING OFFICER Y.S.R. DISTRICT Sri C. Hari Kiran,I.A.S., Collector & DistrictMagistra te, Y.S.R.District P R E F A C E The District Hand Book of Statistics 2018 in its 30th edition contains information of various Departments in the District including data relating to Agriculture, Rainfall and Land Utilization etc., I hope this book will be useful to the Public, Planners, Research Scholars, Bankers, Administrators and Non-Governmental Organizations. The continuous and generous co-operation extended by the District Officers in supplying the data for bringing out this publication is specially acknowledged. The Officers and Staff of the Chief Planning Office working in the District have done a commendable job in bringing out this publication. District Admi nistration welcomes the constructive suggestions and additional information for improvement of this Hand Book. DISTRICTCOLLECTOR, Y.S.R. DISTRICT, KADAPA. OFFICERS AND STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH THE PUBLICATION Sl.No Name of the Officer Designation 1 Sri. V. THIPPESWAMY CHIEF PLANNING OFFICER 2 T. BASAVARAJU DEPUTY DIRECTOR 2 Sri. G.V. SWARUP KUMAR STATISTICAL OFFICER 3 Sri. R.PRABHAKAR RAO DY. STATISTICAL OFFICER I N D E X TABLE CONTENTS PAGE Nos. NO. A SALIENT FEATURES OF THE DISTRICT : NARRATIVE PART I – XXIII B COMPARISION OF THE DISTRICT WITH THE STATE 2017-18 XXIV – XXVIII C ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS IN THE DISTRICT – 2017-18 XXIX – XXX C (1) MUNICIPAL INFORMATION IN THE DISTRICT - 2017-18 XXXI D PUBLIC REPRESENTATIVES / NON-OFFICIALS XXXII – XXXVII PROFILE OF PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCY / ASSEMBLY E XXXVIII - XLIII CONSTITUENCY 1 - POPULATION 1.1 VARIATION IN POPULATION, 1901 TO 2011 1 1.2 POPULATION STATISTICS, SUMMERY 2001 AND 2011 2 MANDAL WISE NO.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Journal of Engineering Science And
    [Babu, 5(12): December2018] ISSN 2348 – 8034 DOI- 10.5281/zenodo.2531469 Impact Factor- 5.070 GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES SUBSURFACE DAMS ON RIVER BEDS AS ECO FRIENDLY AND ECONOMY FRIENDLY, A CASE STUDY IN THE RIVER BASINS OF YSR DISTRICT OF RAYALASEEMA, A.P., INDIA K. Raghu Babu*1 & P. L. K. Kiran Kumar2 *1Asst. Professor, Dept. of Geology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 2Senior Research Fellow, Dept. of Geology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa ABSTRACT World present scenario needs a multitasking technology that provides safety to living beings, environment and cost effective. One such technology attracting interest of Engineering scientists is construction of subsurface dams. Arid and semi-arid regions in general and YSR district of Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh, India in particular have seasonal rivers which flow during monsoons and get dried during the other seasons. The salient principle behind the subsurface dams is that the flood water is trapped within the voids between the sand particles. Hence location having more coarse grained sand is suitable for the construction of such dams across the sand rivers. Subsurface dams trap water in the sand upstream of the dam wall, built across a sandy dry riverbed to a height of 0.4 m below the surface of the sand because, the sand beds have evaporation losses until the water sinks below 0.4 m below the sand surface. The coarse grained sand store more water than the fine grained sand, as the coarse sand could produce upto 350 litres of water per cubic meter space resulting an extraction rate of 35% of the total volume of the sand.In the present study dry river beds of Papaghni river near Gandi village, Penneru river near Siddavatam village and Cheyyeru river course between Rayachoti-Rajampeta villages were mapped to locate suitable location for the subsurface dams.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennar (Somasila) to Cauvery (Grand Anicut) Inter Basin Water Transfer Impact Assessment on Land Use/Land Cover Environment
    Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2017, 9, 393-409 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jwarp ISSN Online: 1945-3108 ISSN Print: 1945-3094 Pennar (Somasila) to Cauvery (Grand Anicut) Inter Basin Water Transfer Impact Assessment on Land Use/Land Cover Environment S. V. J. S. S. Rajesh, B. S. Prakasa Rao, K. Niranjan Dept. of Physics, Dr. L. B. College, Dept. of Geo-engineering, Andhra University College of engineering, Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatanam, Andhra Pradesh, India How to cite this paper: Rajesh, S.V.J.S.S., Abstract Prakasa Rao, B.S. and Niranjan, K. (2017) Pennar (Somasila) to Cauvery (Grand Ani- As a part of the National Water Development Authority (NWDA) proposal, cut) Inter Basin Water Transfer Impact the linking between Pennar and Cauvery is put forth with a single purpose of Assessment on Land Use/Land Cover Envi- conserving water to the maximum extent possible. The present study covers ronment. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 9, 393-409. with land use/land cover (LU/LC) along the alignment study area 17215.68 https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2017.94026 sq∙km. All the details of these features have been studied using IRS-P6, LISSIII data to analyze the effect of land use and land cover. The land use and land Received: February 11, 2017 cover data are classified into 9 categories such as crop land, current fallow, Accepted: March 28, 2017 Published: March 31, 2017 forest, plantations, built-up land, water bodies, scrub land, sandy area and others. The total area going to be capsized is 17215.68 sq∙km out of which Copyright © 2017 by authors and 10105.96 sq∙km is proposed command area.
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Trade Routes in the Kadapa Basin: a Study of Chitvel Taluka
    Medieval Trade Routes in the Kadapa Basin: A Study of Chitvel Taluka Meghna Desai1 and Arvin Raj Mathur2 1. National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore ‐ 560 012, Karnataka, India (Email: [email protected]) 2. West Chester Township, Butler County, Ohio, USA (Email: [email protected]) Received: 26 August 2017; Revised: 21 September 2017; Accepted: 06 November 2017 Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 5 (2017): 343‐356 Abstract: Chitvel village (Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh) is situated in between two centres of intense political and economic activity during medieval times: the Vijayanagar capital at Hampi and the port cities of the south eastern coast. The village sits between the Sheshachalam Hills and the Velikondas the southern portion of the Kadapa basin. This location, extending from the Chatravathi River to the Cheyyeru River is known historically as “Renadu” (7,000 villages). The Telugu Cholas incorporated Renadu, but were eventually driven out by the Pallavas. The Chola‐descended Matli chiefs maintained administrative control in Renadu and eventually formed a dependency of the Vijayangar Empire. The Matli chiefs sought to profit from the trade connecting Nellore district and Ballari. Trade in the eastern coastal region known as Rayalseema led to intense struggles to control the eastern coast. The resultant construction of Siddhavattam Fort provided the Matli ruler of Chitvel with a strategic vantage point along this trade route. Present‐day roads connecting Kadapa to Nellore pass through Chitvel village and cross the Velikondas. Although this road was constructed by the Public Works division of the Madras Presidency, the presence of a Vijayanagar Gopuram in the village’s temple to Varadaraja Swamy may indicate the possibility of an older route connecting Chitvel to the densely‐populated Nellore district, allowing for the smooth passage of trade goods from Siddhavattam Fort to the coastal ports of Krishnapatnam.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
    Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 General Water is the most essential natural resource next to air, required for sustaining life on the earth. It is required for drinking and industrial uses, for irrigation to meet the growing food and fiber needs, for power generation, navigation and recreation. The development, use and conservation of water, therefore, play a vital role in the country’s development planning. The water resources in the country are, however, limited considering the future demands. The rainfall in the country is mostly confined to monsoon season and is unevenly distributed with respect to both space and time. As a result, some parts of the country are affected by frequent droughts at the same time other parts are affected by floods. Nearly one third of the country is drought prone. In the very near future, water will become a scarce resource due to increasing thrust of population and increasing demands for various uses. Therefore, it need not be emphasized that water should be harnessed in the most scientific and efficient manner. The monsoon flood waters should be conserved to the maximum extent possible to meet the demands for irrigation, power generation, domestic and other uses. The water availability and requirements in the various river basins need to be assessed realistically. The reasonable basin requirements should be provided for and the surplus water, if any, should be transferred to the needy areas. The National Water Policy adopted by the Government of India in September, 1987 emphasizes that water should be made available to water short areas by transfer from other areas including transfers from one river basin to another, based on a national perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • Disaster Management E. Godavari District
    Introduction The East Godavari District is located in the North Coastal part of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The District boundaries are Visakhapatnam, West Godavari, Khammam Districts and Bay of Bengal.The District is known as rice bowl of Andhra Pradesh with lush paddy fields and coconut groves. It is also known as another Kerala. East Godavari, it is the Rice Granary of Andhra Pradesh, beckons tourists to have a glimpse of its rich cultural heritage. Where the lush paddy fields swaying in the breeze appear to dance in a celebration to life.The Headquarters of the District is located at Kakinada.The District is a residuary portion of the old Godavari District after West Godavari District was separated in 1925. As the name of the district conveys, East Godavari District is closely associated with the river Godavari, occupying a major portion of the delta area. East Godavari district is having the area of 10,807 Sq Kms with 7 Revenue divisions, 64 Revenue mandals and 1012 Grama panchayats with a population of 51,51,549 as per 2011 provisional census figures. The Headquarters of the District is located at Kakinada. East Godavari District lies North - East Coast of Andhra Pradesh and bounded on the North by Visakhapatnam District and the State of Orissa, on the East and the South by the Bay of Bengal and on the West by Khammam District of Telangana State and West Godavari Districts. Area of the District is 12,805 Sq.Kms including newly added Yetapaka Division. The District is located between Northern latitudes of 16o 30' and 18o 20' and between the Eastern longitudes of 81o 30' and 82o 30'.
    [Show full text]
  • District Disaster Management Plan – 2016 Kadapa District
    DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN – 2016 KADAPA DISTRICT COLLECTOR AND DISTRICT MAGISTRATE KADAPA, ANDHRA PRADESH. INDEX Sl. No Item Name Page No. 1 Map of the District 1 2 Maps of Revenue Divisions 2 to 4 3 District Profile 5 to 11 4 District Disaster Management Authority 12 5 List of District Officer 13 to 16 6 List of Divisional Officers 17 to 18 7 List of Tahsildars 19 to 21 8 List of MPDOS. 22 to 24 9 List of Supervisory Officers 25 to 27 10 Control Rooms No. 28 to 31 11 Vulnerable Villages Rehabilitations Centers and Contract 32 to 43 persons 12 Action Plan at Mandal Level 44 to 45 13 Action Plan for District Supply Officer 46 14 Action Plan for Fisheries Department 47 15 Action Plan for District Medical & Health Department 48 to 49 16 Action Plan for Animal Husbandry Department 50 17 Action Plan for Rural Water supply Department 51 to 52 18 Action Plan for Roads & Buildings Department 53 19 Action Plan for Fire Department 54 20 Action Plan for Irrigation Department 55 to 56 21 Action Plan for District Panchayat Officer 57 22 Action Plan for Agriculture Department 58 1. Map of the District 1 2. Maps of the Revenue Divisions i) Kadapa Division Map 2 ii) Rajampet Division Map: 3 iii) Jammalamadugu Division Map: 4 3. District Profile: 1. History: The earliest inscriptional evidence reveals that Kadapa or more precisely ‘Kadapa’ towards the close of tenth century A.D. was the principal belief that ‘Kadapa’ meaning in Telugu “Threshold” was a convenient camping place for the pilgrims visiting the Lord Venkateswara Temple at Tirupati.
    [Show full text]
  • February 2021
    A.P. POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD NATIONAL WATER MONITORING PROGRAMME (NWMP) DATA FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY - 2021 Total Fecal Faecal Water Conductiv Phen- Total %Sodiu S. Station Programm Frequenc Monitoring Sampling Depth Human Floating Flow DO BOD Nitrate- Nitrite-N Coliform Coliform Strepto Saprobit Diversity Turbidit Chloride COD TKN Ammonia- Hardness Calcium Magnesium Sulphate Sodium TDS TFS TSS Phosphate Boron Potassium Fluoride SAR Major polluting Use of water in Station name District Regional Office Weather Colour Odour Temp pH ity Alk. Alk. m No. code e y date time (mtrs.) activities matter (m3/Sec) (mg/L) (mg/L) N (mg/L) (mg/L) (MPN/100m (MPN/100 cocci y index index y (NTU) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) N (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) sources downstream (0C) (mS/cm) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) l) ml) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Nagavali River near NH-16 Bridge, Up stream of Srikakulam, before Agricultural 1 4346 Srikakulam Srikakulam NWMP Monthly 11.02.2021 01.00PM Clear > 100 cms Others None Clear None _ 25 7.5 7.62 293 2.0 0.79 0.02 120 9 NIL _ _ 0.71 0.0 132 34.2 6.0 0.14 0.04 140 80 60 8.82 18.67 224 212 5 0.02 0.03 2.44 0.79 22.13 0.69 Industrial cofluence of town Sewage .
    [Show full text]
  • Penna Basin Projects
    Andhra Pradesh Human Resources Development Institute Induction Training Programme to Newly Recruited AEEs 25th October 2017 at ETC, Srikalahasti River Data And Interstate Matters Andhra Pradesh Human Resources Development Institute Induction Training Programme to Newly Recruited AEEs 25th October 2017 at ETC, Srikalahasti Interstate River Matters Inter State Rivers: • All the river basins (drainage area more than 20,000 Sq. km) and some among medium river basins drainage area more than 2000 Sq. kms. and less than 20,000 Sq.kms.) are interstate having their drainage laying in more than one state are being called interstate rivers. • A medium river having its drainage in one state but out falls in to an interstate river is also treated as interstate river. • The Lower drainage state is lower riparian state and upper drainage area is upper riparian state. • Thus, almost all the Major and Medium Irrigation projects are to be referred to the CWC for examination from Interstate angle. Interstate River Matters Inter State Aspects: ❖ The aspects if all or any of the following issues are involved: • Sharing of water • Sharing of cost • Sharing of benefits • Acceptance of the submergence by the Upstream state • Compensation of land coming under submergence. • Settlement of oustees (R&R Packages for Project affected persons) • Any grievances or other issues. Interstate River Matters • Inter State Aspects: • River Data: • Location map of the Project and the catchment area plan with reference to GPS locations of the total catchment from its origin to out fall. • List of all the tributaries with the catchment area plan. • General features like, climate, temperature, Rainfall, Relative humidity, wind velocity, soil cover, forest area, and ground profile, Demography, General Geography, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • 2008 Fifteenth Issue
    Journal of Indian History and Culture JOURNAL OF INDIAN HISTORY AND CULTURE September 2008 Fifteenth Issue C.P. RAMASWAMI AIYAR INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGICAL RESEARCH (affiliated to the University of Madras) The C.P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation 1 Eldams Road, Chennai 600 018, INDIA September 2008, Fifteenth Issue 1 Journal of Indian History and Culture Editor : Dr.G.J. Sudhakar Board of Editors Dr. K.V.Raman Dr. Nanditha Krishna Referees Dr. A. Chandrsekharan Dr. V. Balambal Dr. S. Vasanthi Dr. Chitra Madhavan Published by Dr. Nanditha Krishna C.P.Ramaswami Aiyar Institute of Indological Research The C.P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation 1 Eldams Road Chennai 600 018 Tel : 2434 1778 / 2435 9366 Fax : 91-44-24351022 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.cprfoundation.org Layout Design : R. Sathyanarayanan & P. Dhanalakshmi Subscription Rs. 150/- (for 2 issues) Rs. 290/- (for 4 issues) 2 September 2008, Fifteenth Issue Journal of Indian History and Culture CONTENTS PRE – HISTORY AND ANCIENT HISTORY Pre-Historic Settlements in the Krishna Valley - Andhra Pradesh by Dr. D. Mercy Ratna Rani 09 Early Historic Phase in the Central Pennar Basin, Kadapa District, A.P by Dr. P.C. Venkatasubbiah 30 A Jaina Yakshini in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston by Dr. Nanditha Krishna 63 Lord Jagannnath, the Redeemer of the Fallen by Dr. N.P. Panigrahi 69 Lion-Headed Gods in Mythology by G. Balaji 73 MEDIEVAL HISTORY Burrakatha and the History of Andhra Pradesh by Dr. P. Sumabala 89 Muslim Attacks on the Temple of Lord Jagannath at Puri by Dr. Bhagaban Sahu 101 The Garh – Kataka Concept – Orissa by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering Open
    International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering Open Access Review Paper Volume-5, Issue-2 E-ISSN: 2347-2693 Remote Sensing Study on Interlinking of rivers from Pennar to Cauvery S.V.J.S.S. Rajesh1*, B.S.P. Rao2, K. Niranjan3 1*Department of Physics, Dr. L.B. College, Visakhapatnam, India 2Department of Geo-Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India 3Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Available online at: www.ijcseonline.org Received: 13/Jan/2017 Revised: 21/Jan/2017 Accepted: 09/Feb/2017 Published: 28/Feb/2017 Abstract - Water scarcity is becoming a grave problem in India due to monsoon effect and increasing population. More over the rainfall in the country is also unevenly distributed. As a result the regions receiving heavy precipitation are facing floods resulting in huge amount of water runs into the sea at the same time lack of rain fall regions are suffering with droughts and famines. To overcome the problems in the distribution of water, National Water Development Agency (NWDA) put a proposal of water transfer from surplus region to deficit regions. The total length of the present study is 483km. between Pennar (somasila) and Cauvery (Grand Anicut) and it consists of 10 km. buffer on both sides of the canal and it covers 17,215.68 sq. km. out of which area of 10,105.96 sq.km.is the proposed command area falling in Chittoor, Chengalpattu, North Arcott and South Arcott districts. The characteristics of the rocks, lineaments, drainage, settlements and land use/land cover are demarcated using IRS-P6, LISS-III data for better analysis.
    [Show full text]