Battles to Bridges: U.S. Strategic Communication and Public
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Chapter 7 Challenger Or Lackey? the Politics of News on Al-Jazeera Naomi Sakr
Chapter 7 Challenger or lackey? The politics of news on Al-Jazeera Naomi Sakr Conceptual versus geographical issues Judged by appearances alone, few media outlets in the global South demonstrate contra- flow in action as effectively as the Al-Jazeera satellite channel. The headline ‘Move over CNN: Al-Jazeera’s view of the world takes on the West’ (Cassara and Lengel, 2004) is fairly typical of countless examples portraying the Qatar-based 24-hour news channel as an influential challenger to a Western monopoly on international television news. If the significance of a particular source of contra-flow is measured in terms of this kind of brand awareness, then Al-Jazeera’s high profile is not in question. The channel had been operating for just five years when it soared to international prominence in late 2001, after the US government responded to the 9/11 suicide attacks by bombing Afghanistan. As the only television station already in Afghanistan since 2000, Al-Jazeera had unique access to footage that was much in demand by Western media organisations. Thereafter, its coverage of events in Israeli-occupied Palestinian territory in 2002 and the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 elicited strong reactions, especially from interest groups in the US. Although it was still broadcasting only in Arabic at this time, these reactions were strong enough to turn Al-Jazeera into a global household name. An advertising industry website reported in January 2005 that a poll of nearly 2,000 advertising executives in 75 countries had identified Al-Jazeera as the world’s fifth most recognised brand (Clark, 2005). -
Brazil's Ascendance: the Soft Power Role of Global Health Diplomacy
Brazil’s Ascendance: The soft power role of global health diplomacy By Kelley Lee and Eduardo J. Gómez Introduction Brazil’s steady ascendance on the world stage over the past decade has been led, in large part, by the country’s growing economic might. A much lauded BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) country blessed by vast resources, Brazil is predicted to emerge this century as a regional and global economic powerhouse. However, the country’s rising influence must also be understood as the product of an effective foreign policy and, in particular, the assumption of high-profile diplomatic roles in negotiating to address key global issues such as climate change, nuclear non-proliferation and trade liberalisation. Among emerging economies, Brazil has been particularly adept at leveraging what is de- scribed as “soft power”, defined as the capac- ity to persuade or attract others to do what one wants through the force of ideas, knowl- edge and values. Coined by Joseph Nye, the concept of soft power contrasts with “hard power” whereby coercion (underpinned by years, world leaders have begun to talk about advocates the use of health care as an instru- military and economic might) is used to in- “smart power” whereby soft and hard power ment for furthering foreign policy goals. As fluence others to act in ways in which they is combined in ways that are mutually rein- then US Secretary of State for Health Tommy would not otherwise do. He argues that, in forcing.1 Brazil’s prominence in global health Thompson stated in 2004, as part of the Bush a more interconnected world of accelerating diplomacy can be understood in this con- Administration’s efforts to rebuild its global globalisation and resultant collective action text. -
GAZİANTEP UNIVERSITY JOURNAL of SOCIAL SCIENCES 'Pandemic
GAZİANTEP UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 2020 SPECIAL ISSUE 413-428 GAZİANTEP UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Journal homepage: http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jss Araştırma Makalesi ● Research Article ‘Pandemic Diplomacy’ and the Politics of Paradox: International Cooperation in the Age of National Distancing ‘Pandemik Diplomasi’ ve Paradoks Politikası: Ulusal Mesafe Çağında Uluslararası İşbirliği Wasiu A. BALOGUNa*, Oluwaseun I. SOILEb a PhD, Lancaster University, Lancaster / UNITED KINGDOM ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8519-2053 b Researcher, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye / NIGERIA ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0047-1684 M A K A L E B İ L G İ S İ Ö Z Makale Geçmişi: Soğuk Savaş'ın sona ermesinden bu yana hiçbir gelişme uluslararası siyasi sistemi COVID-19 salgını kadar etkilememiştir. Bir sağlık krizi uluslararası siyaseti yeniden şekillendiriyor, küresel ekonomiyi baltalıyor, Başvuru tarihi: 14 Ağustos 2020 küresel iklim değişikliği görüşmelerini baltalıyor ve diplomasi için birçok yeni sorun yaratıyor. Paradoksal Kabul tarihi: 15 Ekim 2020 olarak, dünya, uluslararası seyahat yasaklarının, sınır kapatmaların ve ulusal mesafenin olduğu bir zamanda, bir hastalıkla mücadele için, bir araya geliyor. Başka bir boyutta, milliyetçilik uluslararası iş birliğinin umut sunduğu küresel salgın zamanında enternasyonalizmi gölgede bırakıyor. Salgın, birçok zorluk göz önüne Anahtar Kelimeler: alındığında uluslararası siyaset ve diplomasinin yeni bir düzeninin habercisi olsa da süper güç rekabetinin ve COVID-19, iş birliğinin eski düzenini sürdürmektedir. COVID-19 salgını çözülürken, siyasi ve diplomatik çelişkiler Diplomasi, devletler arası ilişkileri güçlendirmekte ve aşı geliştirme umutları ve COVID-19 sonrası dünya düzeninin doğası etrafında belirsizlikler yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışma, COVID-19'un diplomatik uygulamalarını ve salgının Uluslararası iş birliği, patlak vermesinden bu yana küresel politika ve diplomasiyi nasıl şekillendirdiklerini sorgulamayı Milliyetçilik, amaçlamaktadır. -
Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government. -
Defining Health Diplomacy: Changing Demands in the Era of Globalization
THE MILBANK QUARTERLY A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF POPULATION HEALTH AND HEALTH POLICY Defining Health Diplomacy: Changing Demands in the Era of Globalization REBECCA KATZ, SARAH KORNBLET, GRACEARNOLD,ERICLIEF, and JULIE E. FISCHER George Washington University; Stimson Global Health Security Program Context: Accelerated globalization has produced obvious changes in diplomatic purposes and practices. Health issues have become increasingly preeminent in the evolving global diplomacy agenda. More leaders in academia and policy are thinking about how to structure and utilize diplomacy in pursuit of global health goals. Methods: In this article, we describe the context, practice, and components of global health diplomacy, as applied operationally. We examine the foundations of various approaches to global health diplomacy, along with their implications for the policies shaping the international public health and foreign policy environments. Based on these observations, we propose a taxonomy for the subdiscipline. Findings: Expanding demands on global health diplomacy require a delicate combination of technical expertise, legal knowledge, and diplomatic skills that have not been systematically cultivated among either foreign service or global health professionals. Nonetheless, high expectations that global health initia- tives will achieve development and diplomatic goals beyond the immediate technical objectives may be thwarted by this gap. Conclusions: The deepening links between health and foreign policy require both the diplomatic and global health communities to reexamine the skills, comprehension, and resources necessary to achieve their mutual objectives. Keywords: Global health, diplomacy, foreign policy. Address correspondence to: Sarah Kornblet, Stimson Global Health Security Program, 12th Floor, 1111 19th St. NW, Washington, DC 20036 (email: [email protected]). The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. -
PRISM Syrian Supplemental
PRISM syria A JOURNAL OF THE CENTER FOR COMPLEX OPERATIONS About PRISM PRISM is published by the Center for Complex Operations. PRISM is a security studies journal chartered to inform members of U.S. Federal agencies, allies, and other partners Vol. 4, Syria Supplement on complex and integrated national security operations; reconstruction and state-building; 2014 relevant policy and strategy; lessons learned; and developments in training and education to transform America’s security and development Editor Michael Miklaucic Communications Contributing Editors Constructive comments and contributions are important to us. Direct Alexa Courtney communications to: David Kilcullen Nate Rosenblatt Editor, PRISM 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64, Room 3605) Copy Editors Fort Lesley J. McNair Dale Erikson Washington, DC 20319 Rebecca Harper Sara Thannhauser Lesley Warner Telephone: Nathan White (202) 685-3442 FAX: (202) 685-3581 Editorial Assistant Email: [email protected] Ava Cacciolfi Production Supervisor Carib Mendez Contributions PRISM welcomes submission of scholarly, independent research from security policymakers Advisory Board and shapers, security analysts, academic specialists, and civilians from the United States Dr. Gordon Adams and abroad. Submit articles for consideration to the address above or by email to prism@ Dr. Pauline H. Baker ndu.edu with “Attention Submissions Editor” in the subject line. Ambassador Rick Barton Professor Alain Bauer This is the authoritative, official U.S. Department of Defense edition of PRISM. Dr. Joseph J. Collins (ex officio) Any copyrighted portions of this journal may not be reproduced or extracted Ambassador James F. Dobbins without permission of the copyright proprietors. PRISM should be acknowledged whenever material is quoted from or based on its content. -
Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: Conceptual Similarities and Differences
DISCUSSION PAPERS IN DIPLOMACY Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: Conceptual Similarities and Differences Gyorgy Szondi Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ ISSN 1569-2981 DISCUSSION PAPERS IN DIPLOMACY Editors: Virginie Duthoit & Ellen Huijgh, Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Managing Editor: Jan Melissen, Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ and Antwerp University Desk top publishing: Desiree Davidse Editorial Board Geoff Berridge, University of Leicester Rik Coolsaet, University of Ghent Erik Goldstein, Boston University Alan Henrikson, Tufts University Donna Lee, Birmingham University Spencer Mawby, University of Nottingham Paul Sharp, University of Minnesota Duluth Copyright Notice © Gyorgy Szondi, October 2008 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy, or transmission of this publication, or part thereof in excess of one paragraph (other than as a PDF file at the discretion of the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’) may be made without the written permission of the author. ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to explore potential relationships between public diplomacy and nation branding, two emerging fields of studies, which are increasingly being used in the same context. After examining the origins of the two concepts, a review of definitions and conceptualisations provide a point of departure for exploring the relationship between the two areas. Depending on the degree of integration, five conceptual models are outlined, each with potential pitfalls as well as advantages. According to the first approach, public diplomacy and nation branding are unrelated and do not share any common grounds. In other views, however, these concepts are related and it is possible to identify different degrees of integration between public diplomacy and nation branding. -
The United States and Democracy Promotion in Iraq and Lebanon in the Aftermath of the Events of 9/11 and the 2003 Iraq War
The United States and democracy promotion in Iraq and Lebanon in the aftermath of the events of 9/11 and the 2003 Iraq War A Thesis Submitted to the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of PhD. in Political Science. By Abess Taqi Ph.D. candidate, University of London Internal Supervisors Dr. James Chiriyankandath (Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London) Professor Philip Murphy (Director, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London) External Co-Supervisor Dr. Maria Holt (Reader in Politics, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Westminster) © Copyright Abess Taqi April 2015. All rights reserved. 1 | P a g e DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and effort and that it has not been submitted anywhere for any award. Where other sources of information have been used, they have been duly acknowledged. Signature: ………………………………………. Date: ……………………………………………. 2 | P a g e Abstract This thesis features two case studies exploring the George W. Bush Administration’s (2001 – 2009) efforts to promote democracy in the Arab world, following military occupation in Iraq, and through ‘democracy support’ or ‘democracy assistance’ in Lebanon. While reviewing well rehearsed arguments that emphasise the inappropriateness of the methods employed to promote Western liberal democracy in Middle East countries and the difficulties in the way of democracy being fostered by foreign powers, it focuses on two factors that also contributed to derailing the U.S.’s plans to introduce ‘Western style’ liberal democracy to Iraq and Lebanon. -
Walid Jumblatt Is Included As an Edited Transcript of His Remarks and May Be Cited As Such
Proceedings of the 2007 Weinberg Founders Conference Autumn of Decisions: A Critical Moment for American Engagement in the Middle East October 19–21, 2007 Proceedings of the 2007 Weinberg Founders Conference Autumn of Decisions: A Critical Moment for American Engagement in the Middle East October 19–21, 2007 The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036 (202) 452-0650 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2008 by the Washington Institute for Near East Policy Published in 2008 in the United States of America by the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036. Design by Daniel Kohan, Sensical Design and Communication Photography by Stan Barouh Editor’s Note Most of these conference proceedings are presented as edited summaries of speeches and panel discussions; text designated as such should not be cited as actual transcripts of speaker remarks. The presentation by Vice President Rich- ard Cheney is included as an unedited transcript of his speech and may be cited as such. The presentation by Walid Jumblatt is included as an edited transcript of his remarks and may be cited as such. Table of Contents Preface ix The Speakers xi The Struggle for Freedom and Democracy in Lebanon 1 Edited Transcript Walid Jumblatt Chairman, Progressive Socialist Party, Lebanon Turkish Foreign Policy: Western or Not? 15 Rapporteur’s Summary Soner Cagaptay Director, Turkish Research Program, The Washington Institute Asli Aydintasbas Former Ankara bureau chief, Sabah newspaper America’s Future Direction in Iraq 19 Rapporteur’s Summary J. -
TÜRKMENISTAN: HEPDÄNIŇ WAKALARY Hormatly Raýatlar! Türkmenistanyň «Türkmenistan» Döwlet Täjirçilik Banky «Goýum Bank Karty» Atly Bank Hyzmatyny Hödürleýär
8 2021 TÜRKMENISTAN: HEPDÄNIŇ WAKALARY Hormatly raýatlar! Türkmenistanyň «Türkmenistan» döwlet täjirçilik banky «Goýum bank karty» atly bank hyzmatyny hödürleýär. Goýum bank karty “Altyn Asyr” plastik kart töleg ulgamynyň ähli amatlyklary bilen bilelikde goşmaça aşakdakylary hödürleýär: • Goýum bank kart hasabyndaky pul serişdelerine ýyllyk 7% derejesinde göterimiň hasaplanmagy; • Çäklendirilmedik möçberde goýum bank kartynyň hasabyny doldurmak we yzyna almak; • Ýurduň çäginde islendik bankomatlardan nagt pul serişdelerini almak, söwda we hyzmat ediş nokatlarynda nagt däl töleglerini amala aşyrmak; • Goýum bank kart hasabyndaky hereketler barada müşderiniň telefon belgisine SMS arkaly habar bermek; • Goýum bank kartyna “Internet bank” we Mobil bank” hyzmatlarynyň birikdirilmegi bilen, gije-gündiz tertibinde internet toruna birikdirilen ähli kompýuter, telefon ýa-da planşetyň üsti bilen, plastik kartdaky pul serişdeleriň galyndysyny we geçirilen amallaryň taryhyny görmek, karz we karzyň göterimini tölemek, öý we öýjükli telefon, IP-telewideniýäniň we internetiň hasabyny doldurmak ýaly amallary amala aşyrmak. Goýum bank kartlaryny ulanmak her bir raýat üçin amatlydyr we ygtybarlydyr! Goýum bank kartyny açmak üçin «Türkmenistan» döwlet täjirçilik bankynyň Merkezi edarasyna ýa-da şahamçalaryna ýüz tutup bilersiňiz. +7% Türkmenistanyň «Türkmenistan» döwlet täjirçilik bankynyň Merkezi edarasy boýunça habarlaşmak üçin telefon belgileri: 44-03-04 Şahamçalaryň salgylary we telefon belgileri bankyň www.tnbk.tm resmi saýtynda görkezilen. WEEKLY BULLETIN -
Solving the Public Diplomacy Puzzle— Developing a 360-Degree Listening and Evaluation Approach to Assess Country Images
Perspectives Solving the Public Diplomacy Puzzle— Developing a 360-degree Listening and Evaluation Approach to Assess Country Images By Diana Ingenho & Jérôme Chariatte Paper 2, 2020 Solving the Public Diplomacy Puzzle— Developing a 360-Degree Integrated Public Diplomacy Listening and Evaluation Approach to Analyzing what Constitutes a Country Image from Different Perspectives Diana Ingenhoff & Jérôme Chariatte November 2020 Figueroa Press Los Angeles SOLVING THE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY PUZZLE—DEVELOPING A 360-DEGREE INTEGRATED PUBLIC DIPLOMACY LISTENING AND EVALUATION APPROACH TO ANALYZING WHAT CONSTITUTES A COUNTRY IMAGE FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES by Diana Ingenhoff & Jérôme Chariatte Guest Editor Robert Banks Faculty Fellow, USC Center on Public Diplomacy Published by FIGUEROA PRESS 840 Childs Way, 3rd Floor Los Angeles, CA 90089 Phone: (213) 743-4800 Fax: (213) 743-4804 www.figueroapress.com Figueroa Press is a division of the USC Bookstores Produced by Crestec, Los Angeles, Inc. Printed in the United States of America Notice of Rights Copyright © 2020. All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without prior written permission from the author, care of Figueroa Press. Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an “As is” basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, neither the author nor Figueroa nor the USC University Bookstore shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by any text contained in this book. -
Cyber-Diplomacy
GLOBAL AFFAIRS, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2017.1414924 Cyber-diplomacy: the making of an international society in the digital age André Barrinhaa,b and Thomas Renardc,d aDepartment of Politics, Languages and International Studies, University of Bath, Bath, UK; bCentre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; cEgmont – Royal Institute for International Relations, Brussels, Belgium; dDepartment of International Affairs, Vesalius College, Brussels, Belgium ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Cyberspace has become a major locus and focus of international Received 11 July 2017 relations. Most global powers have now streamlined cyber issues Accepted 6 December 2017 into their foreign policies, adopting cyber strategies and KEYWORDS appointing designated diplomats to pursue these strategic Diplomacy; cybersecurity; objectives. This article proposes to explore the concept of cyber- cyber-diplomacy; diplomacy, by analysing its evolution and linking it to the broader international society; foreign discussions of diplomacy as a fundamental institution of policy international society, as defined by the English School of International Relations. It argues that cyber-diplomacy is an emerging international practice that is attempting to construct a cyber-international society, bridging the national interests of states with world society dynamics – the predominant realm in which cyberspace has evolved in the last four decades. By itself, the internet will not usher in a new era of international cooperation. That work is up to us. (Barack Obama, 2011) Introduction Cyber espionage, cyber-attacks, hacktivism, internet censorship and even supposedly tech- nical issues such as net neutrality are now making the headlines on a regular basis. Cyber- space has become a contested political space, shaped by diverging interests, norms and Downloaded by [Mount Allison University Libraries] at 05:24 29 December 2017 values.