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On the Public Role of the Bible in Zimbabwe 18 BiAS - Bible in Africa Studies Masiiwa Ragies Gunda ON THE PUBLIC ROLE OF THE BIBLE IN ZIMBABWE Unpacking Banana’s “re-writing” call for a socially and contextually relevant Biblical Studies 18 Bible in Africa Studies Études sur la Bible en Afrique Bibel-in-Afrika-Studien Bible in Africa Studies Études sur la Bible en Afrique Bibel-in-Afrika-Studien Volume 18 edited by Joachim Kügler, Masiiwa R. Gunda, Lovemore Togarasei, Eric Souga Onomo In cooperation with Ezra Chitando and Nisbert Taringa 2015 On the public role of the Bible in Zimbabwe Unpacking Banana’s “re-writing” call for a socially and contextually relevant Biblical Studies Masiiwa Ragies Gunda 2015 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deut- schen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informationen sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de/ abrufbar Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über den Hochschulschriften-Server (OPUS; http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-bamberg/) der Universitätsbibliothek Bamberg erreichbar. Kopien und Ausdrucke dürfen nur zum privaten und sons- tigen eigenen Gebrauch angefertigt werden. Herstellung und Druck: Digital Print Group, Nürnberg Umschlaggestaltung: University of Bamberg Press, Anna Hitthaler Umschlagfoto/Deko-Graphik: J. Kügler Textformatierung: J. Kügler & I. Loch/M.R. Gunda © University of Bamberg Press, Bamberg 2015 http://www.uni-bamberg.de/ubp/ ISSN: 2190-4944 ISBN: 978-3-86309-298-6 (Druckausgabe) eISBN: 978-3-86309-299-3 (Online-Ausgabe) URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:473-opus4-255608 IN MEMORY OF CANAAN SODINDO BANANA MAY HIS SOUL REST IN PEACE TO SHUVAI MY BELOVED WIFE AND THE BOYS TAKUDZWA AND ANOTIDA AND TO ALL THOSE WHO SEARCH FOR JUSTICE, EQUALITY AND FAIRNESS IN THIS WORLD 5 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................9 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 13 Statement of the Problem and Hypotheses ............................................... 16 Definition of Terms ..................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING CANAAN SODINDO BANANA: THE MAN AND THE IDEALS ................................................. 27 Introduction ................................................................................................ 27 Canaan Sodindo Banana: The man ............................................................ 27 Canaan Sodindo Banana: The Ideals ......................................................... 31 African Culture/ Religion as the foundation for African Christianity ........ 32 African Experience as the basis for Theologizing ...................................... 34 The Politics or Theology of compromise as opposed to true liberation ... 36 The Politics and Theology of Land as a threat to Africanness ................. 38 Socialism as essentially Christian, Christianity is Socialism .................... 40 Justice, Equality and Fairness: The trilogy of revolutionary (true) Christianity ..................................... 42 Signs of Frustration and Betrayal ............................................................... 45 Concluding Observations ........................................................................... 49 CHAPTER 2 “REWRITING THE BIBLE” IN “THE CASE FOR A NEW BIBLE”: ANALYSIS AND ISSUES ....................................................... 53 Introduction ................................................................................................ 53 The Problem behind the Call to Rewrite the Bible ..................................... 54 The Nature of the Bible............................................................................... 59 Defining re-writing as understood by Banana ........................................... 65 The importance of re-writing the Bible....................................................... 71 The Impossibility of Re-writing the Bible: A critique ................................. 76 Concluding observations ............................................................................ 80 7 GUNDA | On the Public Role of the Bible in Zimbabwe | BiAS 18 CHAPTER 3 IS DE-BIBLIFICATION A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO “RE-WRITING” THE BIBLE? ................................................. 83 Introduction ................................................................................................ 83 The Public Sphere: definition and delimitation ......................................... 84 The Bible in the Public Sphere: A Masking Tape? ..................................... 91 De-biblification of the public sphere: An antidote to the Masking Tape? ..................................................... 107 Critique of total De-biblification of the Public Sphere ............................. 110 Proposing a Partial De-Biblification of the Public Sphere in Zimbabwe ............... 114 Concluding Observations ........................................................................ 117 CHAPTER 4 IS A “CRITICAL BIBLIFICATION” OF THE PUBLIC SPHERE A VIABLE OPTION? ........................................................... 121 Introduction .............................................................................................. 121 “Critical biblification”: Rationale and Definition ..................................... 124 The Goals of a “Critical biblification” of the Public Sphere .................... 127 On Christians and Bible scholars: Building New Bridges ....................... 132 Concluding Remarks ................................................................................ 138 CHAPTER 5 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ................................................. 141 Introduction .............................................................................................. 141 The Bible as a continuing, relevant Influence ......................................... 143 Scope for Biblical Studies......................................................................... 155 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 176 REFERENCES ......................................................................... 179 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book has its origins in my passion for justice and fairness in human relationships coupled with a sense that Canaan Sodindo Banana, the first President of independent Zimbabwe was treated unjustly and unfairly towards the end of his life. The passion for justice and fairness was central in my decision to study the man- ner in which the Bible was used in the Homosexual discourse in Zimbabwe in my PhD thesis. In the process of doing that study, I first encountered Banana, the outcast, the rejected. For having been accused and convicted for “engaging in unnatural acts with other men”, most of Banana’s political, academic and religious colleagues deserted him. It was then that I first realized that it would be interesting to gain a deeper understanding of this man, as a tribute to him, even if only post-humously. After completing my PhD, I dedicated time to study the works of Banana and being a biblical scholar, I was immediately attracted to his article “The Case for a New Bible” in which he called for the re-writing of the Bible as a way of solving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Middle East. I therefore set out to investigate what Banana meant by re-writing the Bible, why he thought it was that important and what he wanted to achieve by re-writing the Bible. As I engaged deeper with Banana’s works, a clear strand emerged linking all his works in a clear quest for justice, equality and fairness among peoples and among nations. I am grateful to participants of the Bible in Africa Studies Conference held at Kloster Banz, Germany in 2010, where I presented the abstract of this project. The input received from Professor Gerald West, Professor Sarajini Nadar, Dr. Zorodzai Dube and many other participants helped in setting this project on a clear path. This project was made possible through the generous funding provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, through its Georg Forster Fund, who awarded me a post-doctoral research fellowship from October 2011 until September 2013. I am equally 9 GUNDA | On the Public Role of the Bible in Zimbabwe | BiAS 18 grateful for the Return Fellowship granted by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation from November 2013 until October 2014. Without this generous funding, this project would have remained a pipedream. Through events and meetings organized throughout Germany, I encountered fellow Humboldtians who shared with me their own experiences and whose experiences helped me de- velop this work. I must thank the Foundation for not only financ- ing my stay in Germany but making me part of the worldwide Humboldt family. My stay in Germany was made homely and comfortable through the assistance and help that I got from my host, Prof. Dr. Joachim Kügler, the Chair holder for New Testament Sciences at the Otto Friedrich Universität Bamberg. From weekly post-graduate semi- nars in the University to seminars on the Badminton court as well as over Karpfen meals, this work became our obsession. His read- ing of the manuscript at all its stages and timely comments kept me on my toes and at it. Indeed, Bamberg has become a second home to me and my family. Besides the friendship and mentor- ship I have enjoyed from Prof. Dr. Kügler, I must commend the tireless Frau (Mrs) Loch, the secretary
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