Dhananjayarao GadgiJ Ubrary
11m~1~lnmm~m~ml~1 •!, GIPE-PUNE-OI7816 r ------....
BIHAR AND QRISSA DISTRICT QAZETTEERS..
• f":~ H AZ ARIB AG H. Agents for the Sale of Books published by the BIhar and Orissa i) Government. l , .
A~enU 10 India
(1) Meall1'L Thacker, SpInk &. Co., Calcutta. (3) lI("1sra. M. C. Sircar '" Sonl, 76, Dam"'ft Road, Calcutta. (2) Melsrs. W. Newman & Co., Calcutta. (9) P""Prictor of the N~wal Kilbore l'rel', (3) Me8srs. S. K. Lahiri &. Co., College Streell, Lucknl)w. Ca.lcutta. (10) 'MellTl. M. N. Burman &. Co., Ballkipar. (4) lrI,,88ra. A. M. and J. Ferguson, Ceylon. (11) nahu R"m Dlly.ll Agarwa~, 18·.\, Katr. (5) Messrs. R. CambrllY &: Co., 6 and 8-2, lload, Allahabad. Hastillgs Street, Calcutta. (12) StanJ.trd Liternture Co., Ltd. 13/1, Old (6) Messrs. Thompson & Co., Madr&ll. Court Uonle Stroet, Ca!cutt:l.,
('/') Messrs. D. B. 'f"raporevaln., SODS & Co., 103, (13) Manllgor of the Ind'an School SOPP], D.·~t, Meadow !Street, Fort, I'ost BOll No. Ie, ao~~, Bow Bazar Street. Clllcutta. Bombay: (H.) MelITa, Butterworth &'Co., J.d., 6, nltltinga ,street., Calcutta. (15) MesSI's. Ram Krishna and Son., AnarkBli Street, Lahore.
AgelJt. III EII'!an4 :
(1) }Iessrs. A Con8t1\ble & Co., Ltd., 10, Ol'llngll (7) Mesn •. lI!'nry S. KIng &; Co., 65, CornhiU " Street, Leicester Square, London, W. wndoD, E. C. (2) Messrs. K!'gan, Yaur,-Trench. Trubner.\: Co., 68. \ Rrter Lane. Loudon, E. C. (8) M('8sTI. Grindlay & Co., Ii" Parliament (Orient'll Dppartment) and 25, Museum Street, LondoD, S. W. Street, London, W. C.
(3) Mr. n. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Sflr4)et, New' • '(9) Mesm. W. nacier &; Co .. 2. Crete! Bond,street, London. W. Lane, Ludgate Hill, London, E. C. (4) Messrs. P. S. King & Son, 9 and 4. Great (10) Meur•• LozlI.O .\ Co., 'fI, Orca. Rnsell Smith Street, We8 tminster, London,S. W. hIe LOLdon, W. C.
(5) Mr. B. U. Blackwell, 50,51, Broad StIeet, (11) }felSI'L OliyP1' and Boyd, Tweedlale Oxford. Court, EdiJlburgh. (6) Messrs. D!'ighton Bell & Co., Ltd., Trinity (12) Meaan. E. POllSODb,. Ud., 116, Onltoa Street, Cambridge. Street. Dublin.
(13) T. Filher Unwin, Ltd., 1, Adelphi rerrace, Lor.lou. W. C.
# (1) M. Ern"lt Leroux, 2~, Rue Bonaparte'j_ (2) Martin'll Xijbo!, The. g1IfJ Bollana. !'aril, France. n.l BIHAR AND ORISSA DISTRICT GAZETT~EttS
HAZARIBAGH
:BY
E. LISTER, O.I.E.,
L'f DIU CIVIL BIIlVl~
PAoTNA.: . 6Ul!:EBDTENDUl', GQ.TEB'NDN~- J.»BlN'tL."fG, lJIllAR A.."m OlUS~.
PREFACE.
TnIS Gazetteer has been clmpile:l on tho basis of the Statistical Account of Hazaribagh, whieh was prepared about 1875 under the sup3rvision of Sir 'Villiam IIunter. It follows closely the form of the corresponding volume on lIan.bhum which was written by Mr. II. Coupland, I.C.S., and much of its matter has heen suggested by the gazetteers of :Uanbhum and Gaya.. In addition to published books, which have been indicat ed in the appropriate places, valuable original contribu tions havo been received on special subjects from the Rov. S. L. Thompson (Botany), Mr. L. L. Fermor (Gener al Geology), lire Thomas H. "\Val'd (Giridih Coal-field), Mr. G. C. Lathbury (Bokaro Colliery), Dr. A. Jowett (Karanpura Valley), lIr.E. Lane (Mica), Mr. C. J. n. ,\Vight Boycott (Emigration), the Rev. J. C. Forrester (Anglican lIission), the Rev. J. A. Dyer (U. F. Church of Scotland Mission), and Habu Bisheshvar Mukharji (Agriculturo). The statistics of the recent years have been compiled by Babu J. C. Datta, Deputy Magistrate and Collector of Hazaribagh. Extracts from or references to the Settlement Report of lIazaribagh appear throughout the book, and I take this opportunity of acknowledging my great indebtedness to its author, Mr. J. D. Sifton, I.C.S'l late Settlement Officer of Chota. Nagpur. E. LISTER. The 151h July 1917. PLAN OF CONTENTS.
CnAl'TElL P.\G •• S
I.-PHYSICAL ASPECTS • 1-2G II.-GEOLOGY AND lIINER.!LS • 27-50 JIl.-HISTORY • o]-GU lV.-TuE PEOPLE • • 70-{)3 V.-PUBLIC HEALTH 94-9J VI.-AGRICULTURE • • 100-113 VII.-N ATURAL OALAMITlES • 114-120 VlII.-RENTS, WAGES AND PRICES . 121-132 IX.-OCCUPATION~, MANUFACTURES AND T.RADE • • 133-137 X.-MEANS OF COMMUNICATION • 133-14G XI.-J.J.A.ND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION • 14·7-163 XlI.-GENERAl, ArMINISTRA'l'ION · 164-178 XIII.-LOCAL SELF·GOVE~NMENT · 179-183 XIV.-EDUCATION • • • 184-189 XV.-GAZETTEER • •.. • ..• • 190-210 INDEX • • • • • · 2il el. 8eg. TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER T..
PHYSICAL ASPECTS:
Guu.u. DBSCllIPfIQN-OriglD of name-Boundariet-NATUlU.L DIvIsIon AlID 8C:ux:ay-The lower plateau-The higber plateau-The Damodar basin-Scenery of the higher plateau lower plateao-Dimodar Ve.Uey-HILLs-RIVBRs-Lakel anel Marahea-FLORA-Destruction of forests - Destructive ageocies Fore.t Scenery-Treel outside the jUDgIe-RxSEBVBD.A.BD Pao nOTBn FOBB8Ts-FJ.tTlIol-Death. caused by wild animals- Game birds-Fiah-Beptiles-CLI:lun-Rainfall. 1-2$
CHAPTER II.. GEOLOGY AND MINERALS.
GUBllolL Accoun-Archrean-Gondwina-BokirO Coal-fieta RimglUh-Karanpara-Chope-Itkhori-Boll:l.Bo COLLIBlll' GUUDIH CO .... L-FIBLD-KuolNl'UBl VolLLBy-MIO.l- Iron Tiu-Copper-Other minerals-Lime and road mett.l-lb!llur. Sl'JI.IlfG8. 27-50
CHAPTER 111.
HISTORY.
EuL1' HISTO:l'!-N.&.TuB.A.L RouTEs-TaIut. LBGBBD&-Santlil migration 1egenc1-Mundiri migrationlegend-F.... JuLY hADL 'l'Ioll'8-Dhanwir-:-Kundii.-Rinfgarb-StTRVIV.lt8 IN 1'1111 r.olND 8YSUll-PLolCB lUlllr8-ABCH..BOLOGIC.lL RUl.lIN8- PJUIUNT RA.CU£ DI81':aIJlUTION--cONCLtTSIOlf-}J17JI.lJUUDU COlUllCTJOlf-RiIDgl.rh-Kendi and Chhai-Kharagdih""'; TBB- EShllLI8B)f.Bl!Il.! 0'1' DBI'!I8l1 AtTTHO.BITY-Kundi ltlmgarh- Kharagdihi-ADMlxJ ST.B.lT nB ,UB.... lf GBll.llfTi -DietrlcL of }{imgarh-RilDguh l3attalion-Creation of the South.West Frontier Agency-FormatioD of HUiribigh Dbtrict-Criminal and Civil JUltice under Regulation XUI- •.&1itutiOD ofJaDd-The Mutiny of 1857- Later biatory_ Gl-e~ i1 TULB 0:1 CONTJN'l'S.
CHAPTER IV,
THE PEOPLE.
GROWTH OF POPULATION-DENSITY OF POPULATION-)lIGn:,lTION Emigra.ti~n to the tea districts-Towns-and ~ilIages-LANGUAGE -RELIGION-Mixed elements of Rinduism-Muhammadans Animists-Clu'istians-DuBLIN UNIVERSITY MISSION-UNITED FREE CHURCH OF SCOrLAND-CA8TBS AND TRIBES-DISTJUBUTION -Goil.las-Functional _ castes-Dusadhs-Santals-Bhuiyas :Bhogtas-Other castes-CHARACTRRISTICS- Santals -Bhuiyas- '- and GhatwarB-Bhogt~8-Kurmis-Turis-MnndariB-Bedias Karmilis-OriOns-Mahalis-Birhors-Bil.bhanlf-Sokiil.rs-Pat was-Bandiwats-VILLAGB onlcuLs-Village social life- Pilglimage - Witchoraft. 70-93
CHAPTER V.
PUBLIC HEALTH.
BIRTHS AND IlIIATlIS--Reporting ageDcy-Diseases-S.U'fITATlON- VACCINATION-MEDI CAL INSTITUTIONS. 94-99
CHAPTER VI.
AGRICULTUl~E.
STATISTICS-PJONJ:EBIN G-Classification-of telTaced land-- Privileges of pioneers-Causes of failure-Classification of upland CROP S'l'ATEMERT-FA.CTORS IN PnODUCTIVITY-Rainfall Irrigation-The soil-Msnures-Seed - Implements-Cattle .AGRICt'LTURAL CALBNDAR-DAILY ROUTINE-Character of tbe Oultivator-Improvement ot Agriculture-DIsTRICT , STATJSTICS. 100-113
CHAPTER VII.
NATURAL CALAMITIES.
INCOllll o:r THE DISTRICT-Mahua-Lac-Hides and Skins Jungle produce-Serdee abroad-Local Mines and Manu faetules-Importance of terraced rice-Ideal Programme of rains-Causes of crop failure-FAMIRJI AND SCABCITf-1908- 1897-1874-Present conditions--Programme of famine works-}'loods-Other Calamities. 11'-120 TaBLB Ol CONTBNTS.
CllAPT"ER VIlI.
RENTS, WAGES AND PRICES. PAGE RBns-Abwab and begari-Prohibition of new predial condi tions-Danger of illicit restoration of begirt-Crop.cutting experimentl!-Relative- outtJrn of the six .classeS-CA.llll RUTs-Method of distribution of lump rents-Unit rate THANA. BATEs-Rates for land acquisitiun-KHANDWAT O~ KOllKAlil-Ra.tes of reub for such lands--PBODUCE RENTB CUSTOMA.RY RI CHAPTER IX. OCCUPATIOSS. MAXUFACTURES AND TRADE. OCCUPATIONS -MANUFACTU&ES-Lac- Cutch-MINBSI- TUDJl:- CurrcllIlY-WEIGHTS AND ]lEAoURRS. 133-137 CHAPTER X. ME.ANS OF COM~mNIC.ATION. EULl' BOADs-Rennell's maps-Ro:J.ds in 1837-The old Benares Road-The Grand Trank Road -Other provincjal roa.ds-District Board roads-Urgent needs-RULw.l.YS-River oommunications -Ferries-Staging and Inspection Bu.ngalows-PoST..I.L dou:· )oICNICATIONS. 138-146 CHAPTER XI. LAND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION. }\UJlDB& 011 BSTA.TBS-Amount of revenne-Original number of EBtates-Kundil-Kendi-Rimgarh-Skamilat talu.ks-Kharag dihi-The mukarraries of Kharllg:liha. - DhanWii.r-Kharagdiha. Kha. mahal-Kodarwa-Sarkal'i Hata.-Partabpur Transferred Estates-RBVENUB FREE EST.ATES-Amnii.ri-Prim'1geniture Ercumbered E,;ta'es Act -Subordina.te tenur~s-Khorposh Digwii.ri- Jigirs-Kh',irats-M uTcarrari istimrari-Tempol'al'Y tenures-Cultiva.ting teninoies-Khu.ntkf.\tti --Doa.:ni tlJi kala.. s -M.undiriKhun.ika.tli-R'liyats-Unde~·raiJats. . l4.1-163 'U8LlI 0' CO'ST1U'T5. CITAI)TER XII. GENERAL ADlIINlSTltATIOY. Tn B NoN·REGULATION DI8TRIC'l'-SubdiviaiQna-Revenue work Hent iuitll-RBvENUB-L.ND RBVBNUB-ExClBJ-Counlry epiritq- Drura - Toddy-SuJll'&-bc01U TAx-CllBa-RBGIs· TR4TION-ADlflNJ8TJUTJON 01' CIVIL JUSTJca-C&lJ1IN.lL JUET,cR-SlatisticlI-CllJu-l'oLIcs-Liability of Zamindar. -Ol'iginul thBna~-Alterati(lns iQ If.3-i·1838-AbolitioD 0' ~ami.,dili Police-1872-1891-1901-Present distribution of thanlls and I'lIlice·St.:.ioUI- Digwirs-VILL.OI CU ... VIUDU ..... JAILS. lc.i-17S CHAPTER XIII. LOCAL SELll'-GOVERN}lE~T. DISTRICT EonD-Duties of the Eoard-lDcome-ExpenditurG Giridih Local Htard-MoIUCIP.lLITJI8-Haziribigh-ChaLra- Giridih. 179-183 CHAPTER XIV. EDUCATIOY. ,Education in 1837-1872-1915-16-Inspecting Staf£-ColloS' of St. Ccllumba-High ~choc,ls-llidd18 Scbools-Primary Schools --Gm'u Training ~cboo18 -Tecblllco.l Schools-Female Educa tion-Reformatory sCbl}Ol-San.krit tol,-Bantu eduratio'D-:- East Indian RQilway Schools-Expenditure. l84-·18~ , CHAPTER XV. GA,ZE'ITEEB. B,dam-Chalra- Dbanwir-Gir:dib-Gola.-G.lUl(D 'faC'l(]t llo.lD -Dumri-llagc,dar-Sllruj Kund-Ba.rhi-Cbanpilan-Hazlri bigh-Bnzilribligh Read Station-Ichik-Itkbori-Kl.arag diila-Kodarma-Kuluha Hil1-.Pa~bamba-.Padma.-.Piral~th -Riimgarh-Tandwa. 190-210 ...... INDEX. r.GB PAr.. .A. Ate&, cultivated ...... 100 l. district ..• I Aboriginal races 86-90 It lDunicillul ,,> 181-183 .Abwab, 121 .. ri ver-drain"ge 11 .Adhllatiii rent l2tl It aub.:livisional 115 A.dministration. early ... Co,66 IS thana 175 genera.l 1M tlllculturable ... " ... .. 100 .. land revenue a7 Arg'l mvel' '9 Administrative divisions ... 164 Aspeets, phys;cal '2 'Agent. South-West FrontiQr Agency 66 Assam emigration 1;1, .lgricultural calendar 109' l. lIaziirii:,igh born popuia· 73 tionin implements 108 " Aswa BiU ...... 5 .. labourers 129 B " atatistioa 1O.J. Bibhans liO .. Bteok ... los. 115 Ba.d land. 103 Agriculture lOG EMam ... 190 ~"ar' ... 106 Eagodar ... 196 Ajai Ri.-er ,.. ... ~l Ba,godar.Hazari!>agh Road 143 .A.'k. ta River ...... 9 Bajra ... ." 104 Antma.ls. domestio ,.. - 115 Bamboos 21 .. wild ...... 22 Banda Hill ... , Allimista ...... '17 Bandawats ... ,,, ro Apatite 4.9 Band", - '2& Arborieulturo ... 180 Barigii Hill ... G . A.rchrean rooka '" 27 Btirai ...... ,.. 101 Archreology - 59 Barakar River ~t1 A.rea. crop ... lC4 BlU'eto River ... 9 Ii PAGE PAOli. BarM 197 Botaoy ... 11 Barhi-Il~lLribigh Road ... 143 Boundaries 2 Bal'hkatha ... 196 Bar; lands ... 103 Brii.:hmans 85 " ... Barkagion ... ,.. 175 British administl'ation '0' 63 Barloy .. , 10" Earnar River .., ... 11 Bungalows ... .oo l406 :Barsot Hill - ... 5 0 Dal'Sot tal ulc 14.9 IJatai fent 126 Calamities, natural >, .. 114 :Bedias ... 88 Campilll grounds ••• ." 196 BeSiiri ... 121,130 Cane ... 21 Det bestir; ...... Cash rent ... 12!J I1"aaa; crops 104 Cast03 and tribes ...... 841 :Bhandeswar HUt ... 7 Cattle ... • to ... lOS,ltl) l1!lans ...... 167 Census -... 70 B1I.aoli rent ... 'f' 126 Centres of trade ...... 136 I>hogtaB, character ... .It 87 Oes9 'Of 179 tt distribution ... 86 Cess, illegal It • 121 ,. number "f 84 Chhii pargana ... 63, 62, 14.9 13huiyas, character ...... ,86 . Chamirs . ... '0' S, " distribution ... S6 Charitable dispensa:riel ... 9S ., number .. , .. , 84. Cha.tra gaze~eer ...... 190 Birel. • n .., 24 municipality ...... 182 ... " 9~ :Birhor... ; ...... 89 " sanitation ... subdivision ... 178 Birni ...... 176 " ... Bil't.h -rate .. , ... 94. Chaukidiri assessment t •• 179 Boka.ro Bive:r ...... 9 Chaukidars ...... 91,178 .••., coal-field ... I.' 29 Chaul'ira.n .., ... 191 ...... coal Jpine , ,.. w§.r IS " .. 82 Chand RUl "!-. ... ·IU.. PAG) P.A.GJr CAira baN ." 103 Clliti yaUng c1asseJ ••• ... 111, 129' Cholera ,., 95 J:opulation 133 ." 'l ." Chope ...... S1 " ten:mcies ... J61 CllriBtian mission. ... rs Clllti vatio:), area un II p"'pulation •.• ... 133 Dacoity In 81lultaUoQ ... 42 - ... Damodar RiTer .. , .. , 8,11' - I Commcroo ••• 136 Danabancli rent ... 121r Communications 138 Danna Pass ,.. ... :'0,52,198 Commutation of prodll!.'e rent. 127 Day labourers 129- • ... ." Condition of people ... 132 Death-rate ... ,.. 9' Conveyanoes ... 136 Deaths by wUd animals ,.. ~3- COPPAI' ,., iO snake·bite- ,.. 23 Cotton area ...... lOS Debotta,. tenures .. , Ill!> " Imports ' .. .., 137 ~itieil. looal ... .. , 7S ., weaving .. , 131 Dens:ty of population ... 72 It ".Ud , .. .., 20 Devkli ...... g:t Country spirit...... 166 Deana ?If PAGB P.lGlf. Dhanar;ji Rt.er 11 Economio uses of flora. U. J)hangain PltSS 52 Education ... 18' llhanwiir E.tal e ... 150 ElepbaL tiasis ... f)5 family. traditions 55 Emigration. permanent 74 " ... gazetteer .... 192 temporary 73 " ... If 62, 6S~ 150 Encumbered. Estates 15t> " history ... Digwari tenures 158 English education ...... 18T Digwars 117 Estates-Early history ... 147 Diseases 95 H encumbered 150 153 Dispensariea 98 " government revenue-paying 141 District Board 179 " DiBtfiCtstafL 164 revenue· free 1541 " ~ J)oami tM1ca 162 ~tlinleaI dlvilliun S6 Domestio animals lCS, 11S European jaU , .. 200 Dusadhs ...... 85 E:z:cise ,.. ... 165 Drainage, rher ... 11 Exports , 131 Dravidian language ... 75 Dabanr Govern!Dent estate lo3 F Dublin University Mir,stOD '18 "Dllmri ------... ~ Dur~asha Hm~- - .0< 1 Fail's 187 Family h~story-Dha.nwitr ... 55 .. ,,. Kunda ... 55 E Ramga.rh 55,14.8 II " Famine f,?od-jungle .,. 116 Early Engli~ administration ... 65,66 Famines-1S74 ...... 119 histo\'Y 1897 .. I 118 " 63 " East India~ Railw~y collierierr, Bokaro 32 I, 1908 ...... "118 , " I. n " Giddih '33 Farming tenures ...... 16~ . Grand CllOr.1 Fauna. : 29 " " II 145 ...... V PAGE PAGE. Gnangra ... 101 Fem:lle education ... 188 Ghatwals : 8~e Bhuiyas. -,. S6 Ferae naturae 22 Ghoranji Hill 'I Ferry ... 146 Giridih coal-neld 33 Ftlver ... .. t 95 gazetteer 103 Fibres ... If>. 105 " .. municipality 183 Fiscal divisions 147 sanitation f6 ..... " ... Fisheries ... \04 • 24 .. subdivision 16·1 Fish poi80ns ... 15 Goalas ... 84 Floods ... 120 Gokhitna River 9 Flora ...... 11 Gola gazetteer ... 1114 Food ...... 114. Gomia 115 Foreign trees ...... 16 . G(;ndli ,.. ... 101. Foresta ... ,.. 18 Gondwana rocks 28 Forest scenery 19 Gora rice ... 104 Fruits , .. ... 16 \ Gorait8 ... 01 Functional castes ... 85 Government estates- 153 t camping grounds 143 G •• ., Kharagdiha 153 Gaeli. of Kllaragdiha ... lGO .. Kodarma .. . 153 Game-birds ,.. 24 .. Sarkari Hatl ... 153 Oangai 10·1 Gram ... 104. Odllja ...... 167 Grand Trunk Road ... 142,195 Garden flowering trees ,., 16 GraZing rights ... 123 15 Garden fnits ...... 16 Gums ... '" GuM River ...... 9 Guru. Training Schools .n 188 Garnets ...... 28 l! ~ Giwan .. , ... ]76 Genelal administration ... 1M Geology ...... 27 Huiro River ... ,.. 9 P.GB :rAGD ItaziriJ:.agli District ... 1 I lrazlribiigh town ... 74 IchAk, gazetteer 201 ga~etteer 198 &anitation H. " ... " ... ~1 u municipality ... 181 Immigration ...... ~3 n sanitation 95 Implement~ agricultural ... lOS tf subdivisicn 164 Imports ... ••• IU ., Boad Station ... 201 Improvements, agricultural ... 112 Headquarters of district ... 67 Incidence of rents ... 123 nealth-publio 94 Inllome·tas .., 161 ... . llesatu Hill ... 5 Industrial olasses ... ••• IS' Bides and skins 115 Industrial schools ... H' 188 lIigh schools .,. 187 Infirmities .. , ... US Hill system ... .,' S Iron ." 95 Bindi la!lguage .. , 75 Irrigation ••• ... lOG Hindu Mixed elements in 75 Istimrari tellure, ... too population ~, 84 ltkhorl coal field ...... sa religioU$ population 201 " ... 75 " 8azettee~ ...... History, of district- " 'Early reriod .•• ... 51 J English period .tt 63 " • ;rag;.,. ten""e, ...... 158 Muhammadan period 60 " Jails ••• ••• 178 History of land revenue ... 147 Jains .. , ... 206 mst.ory, legendary ..• ... 5S J ainti River ••• ... 11 Honorary tnagistrates .. , 170 J aDlllnia Riyer .... ••• 9 Hospitals .. - ... 98 Jhikiacbalw River ••• ... 11 Hot springs ... ,.. 50 Jhumra Hill, setl JUinga ... S lIuJua lIill ...... 5 .Tilinga Hill G Humidity ...... J" 24...... 167 Judicial stamps ••• '" vii P.6.GB P .6.GJI Jugt. product. ••• ... 140,116 Xl&orpo,h tenul'es ... 158 J Ql'isdiction ••• ... 168 X"untkatti tenures ... 162 J'uUco.oivil ... 168 Ki:lko River ...... ~ crimillal - ... le9 Killl River ... 11 Kodarma estate ... 149, 163 It gazettl'er ." I .. 20:1 Koda ... l~ Koiris ... 109 llamia. ... 129 Kol rebollion .. . 63 .Ea,,~a,. 50 Konl1r River 9 Karanpura coal·field ... 80 Kotkar ... 121 .. Volley ...... 42 Kuluha Hill ...... 7 :Karharbari Mal.SAtd ... S3 Kunda, history ... 147 XarmAlia .M If' 89 .. rhyaical character 7 I) Kasil.tu Hill ...... It 8etUement 63 Kendi, history ... 62 .. tradition ... li5 • revenue ...... 147 Ka.rml.li language ~5 Kewal mlti ...... 107 Kurmis, ch&racler 57 KlairiU tenures ... 160 " population 8! E.ltai"''' palm ... 167 K",,.tM ...... 1~ .KAlInd~aI -- .. 126 KhaTljn River ... 9 L XharagdjhA, gazetteer ... 201 It history ... 150 tabourers ... 129 .. kh~ ... 152 Lac ...... U1 Kharwl.rS 65,58 takes and marahes ••• ... 11 Khl.amahils, Kharagdib ... 152 Likltiraj estates ...... 15<£ t. Xodarma 153 L'i1 mtili ... lOT .. Sar'kirl Hits 153 Land acqnisitioJl" ••• ... 125 1O", Klesari It c1&8l1wcation ... 103 Vlll... PAGE PAGI. Land revenue 147 MaktlJans .to IS:) tenures ... 167. Mahalis ... 89 " .\ Landless labot).rers .. , 12J) Ma4u~ ... 114 Languages M. 75 Mlihud. Hill ... 6 Leases 160 Mahudih Hill ...... 6 Legends, fa.mily ... 65 Maintenance tenures ... 158 n-- - _IJu'gn 6 Maize ... 104 .. MUll.dar! ... 54 Makai, see Maize 104 .. Santil- ... 53 Manufactures, Hair 134 Leopards 23 lao IS4 ... ,- " Lepers tM 95 Manures ... 107 Leruja River ,.. ... 9 Marimarha River 9 Libraries ... 189 MCra.moIro-lttlt- --- Lilajan River !...!.- 10 Mal'ang Buru "IS Limestone ... 60 Maru" ...... 104 Linseed. t .. 105 Masuri ttl 104 Literacy ...... 184-189 Material oondition 132 JJocal Board ... 179, Means of oommunication 138 Local seU-government 179 Measures ... 137 Locnsts 120, Medio1lo11nstrtiUons 93 Lohltbar Hill Medioines, jungle 16 137 LIlg\t Hill 'I' ... "6 Melas .." ... 25 . Lump rents ... 123 Meteorology M • ... Mica ...... 137 Middle schools ...... 187 :Migration 'u ... 75 Military history ...... 68 Magical plants ...... 16 Mineral springs ...... 50 Mahabar HilL ••• ... '1 Minerals ...... 49 Mahabar Jarimo Hill .. , 5 Missions t ...... 78 U:' P"G~ PAG~ 1I0hanl River ••• ... 10 Oilseeda ...... lOG 140ney orc1el'l ...... 14.6 Opium ...... 161 MorhAr River ... - ... 11 Orion languge ... - n Mortality ... 94. OriOllS ...... "89 • by wild animals •.. 23 Outturn of «opt ... 114, 122 lIQhammadall history ..... 60 P .. population f1 Nulca,.,.ari tenure. ... 160 Pachamba gazetteer 2O'J M uudari languages 15 M.isaioD S2 " ... MilMan Utl1Jtkalt, tenures 161 lanitation ... 95 .. "- Mund,s 88 ...... Padma gazetteer '" ••• 202 Xaniciralitiet 181 PaAali ...... 91 Mutiny ... ti8 Pallclui,al. 'oo ••• M PlraaDlth HUl ... 6 N n ,. botallY ... It 202 .. JJ gazetteer ... Naiklt'i ruver ...... 9 Pasturage _. ... 128 Natural calamities ... 114. Pathlns 1'1 Natural divisions ... 2 PaeA,ala, ...... IsS Natura! routes t •• ... 61 PallO River •• e •• n Nero Hill ...... r Patwu ...... 90 Newspapen ,., .. , 189 Permanent ..ttlemellt - 147 Nou-oocupancy raiyati ... 163 Phllgu River - 10 Physical aspect. - ••• i 0 Pilgrlma,e - ... P2 Place name. - ... 1)8 Occupancy wyat. - -...... 163 Plague ••• ... 95 OocupaUon. "' ••• 13j POisollI for fiah ... 15 O/liQiaJs, vWage - H' ... 00 Police adminiatr ..Uoa ... 171 Oil. .. - .. , ...- U .. alationa ... ,-".. 17S PAGI PA-GlI rol~e thanaa, ...... 17.2 Ra.mgarh history 60, 64., 1408 fopular reliiio,u ... '15 " land revenue ' 148 f9pulation, c&stes ... ••• 86 Rapeseed- '.1' . ... lOG ,. • Clensus...... 70 Reformatory Sohool ... 189 ,.. qensity.,. ... 72 Registration ... .., 168 '. rurar '14 Relief works ... 120 " urbau 74 Religion ... 75 P03tal cOll\ll)unications "" 146 Rent, cash ...... 122 " statil!tics ... .,. 146 produoe ...... 12& Potatoes 105 " snits ... 165 P01Jnds ... ••• 179 Reptiles ...... 2' Prices, grain ... 130 Revenue ... ••• 165 " wage~ ...... 131 ,. land ... 166 Primary eduoation ... 188 Rewa.rd. lOll wilcl .~'mala 23 Primogenitu,re .,. ,155 Rheowa Hill ... '1 Produce rents ... 126 Rice crop. aggregate ... 1(14 froprietors'71anded 147 "lands, classification. ... 103 Provincial roads ... l4.a River basins 01' ... 11 l'u"lio health 9' Rivers ... 8,145 ,Pulses 104 Roads ... n • 138 B Rural Police Aot ... 178 Ba...bi orop~ ... j ... 104 Ba1a,...... 104 8 Railways ...... 14.5 , Rainfall ... It. 25 Sabai ...... 21 B~jput. I', ... 85 Sa"'g ...... 21 RilDgarh. coal-field. . 0" ... SO,33 Saf/ca rent". ... -.1' ,125 .. ••• 65 Sajluj rent- ...... 126 " family, traditions . .... 55 Sakri Rivel; .. t •• , ' ••• " ~ ~~zetteer .... 209 ,Sal ..t,. ? ,.. . .' 19" 1i PAOli PAn Sanitatioll ~ .. ... SI& Stamp re,entle ••• ... 167 Santil., cbaracter ...... 86 Statistic.. land .oo ... lOO~1l2 .. distribution ... 85 .. population ••• 10 " legend. ... 63 Sa.barnarekha River .oo 11 164. ' " Dumber ...... 84 Sa.bdivilion. .oo Satpabari Hill, ...... 1S,1 Sa.bordlnate tenure. .., 151 Scenery ... 2 Snrujknnd ... 50,196 Schools ••• - 187 SV"9 ui" ... lOS Secondary eclucation ... 187 Seed ... ft, lOS Sendram Hill ...... I» T Service tenures ...... 158 SeUled raiyata - 163 Sett1ement~trict 69 TIil"I:...... 149 " Xharagdiha • oo ]25 Tandwa ,aletkar ••• ... 209 .. Kodarma . ... 125 Tanniog materials .., 15 .. Sarklri Hita ... 125 Tan,. lands .. . 103 SAc:im,lc:il tlil"l:. ... l409 Tal' palms ... 161 SMlcmi laId...... ItO Tan 167 Bilk ... ••• 13' Tax. ehaukidari ... 118 Siwini River ... 9 Tea 105 Small·po~ ...... 95 Technioalachools 188 Snake., deaths from 14.5 • ... t3 Telegraph omoe. 0 .. - Solla ••• ... 106 Temperature 'oO 25- . - Sokiirl ... t .. 90 Templa~ Itkhori ...... 281 South-west Frontier ~genc1 .... 67 " EilasDlth ... ~1 Spice. Tenures, Janel ... ••• 105 ... 'oO ISf. Spirits, oountry ...... 166 Terracing ... .M lo~ SpringJ, hot ...... so Thana r&tea of rent - 123 8tagillg bUDgalOWI ...... 146 Thanaa -... 0" 172 III di t ~- ... ~.-+- PAGB PAGS nih lease...... 160 Village B&~itatiop ... 91 Ti~J'8. ~ ...... 22 I, watch ...... 91,17S 106 . Til •• ,t ... Villages ••• " ~ila,a River t.t ,,~ Vitalltatistica ,It • ~l ... Timber ... ~4 Tin ... .4.9 W ,Tobacco...... l-Op 'Wages n' ... Ul Tourmaline ...... 409 Wasle lanel ••• }OO Towns n' 75 Water-sheds ... .., 8 Trade ... 136 Weaving' ... 19, Traditions, family .. , ... 65 t Weights and llleaeu:tea .t< 1'37 racial ...... 63 Wells ••• 9' Trees,'. village ...... 19 Wneat ••• 10-1 Turis " ... -88 .. Wild animals ...... 22 '0' Winils ... 2. Uncultivated lands •• , J-U 100 Witc'bcraft ...... ga U nder-raiyats ... ~Q3 Witoh·finders ...... t);J United Frel! Church ot Sootland 82 / WolvttS tt' 23 Unit rate of laud ... ,.. 123 Woollen fabric, 134 UrioDJ : '88 OrlOna .. , ... 89 : - Uri,] ...... , 104, I Y ,Uari Riv~r ...... 9: Jams ,.. lOG V Z Yaf,:oinatiol\, •• ... 98 141 yeterlnary I!lUeE ~., '181 Zamindiri esta.tes . ... ~ ...... \' .. YIDage offioials .. , ,'.' 90 Zoology ...... 2~ DISTRICT " , HA ZARIBAGH Scale 1 belt = 311111.,5 o .~ . " ~ l,;.; \; % \. '..0 tfl 4. , .-- / " ,. '~; -'" ~ . ~! ... :-- ~"" . / ,.I ...... ~" . "."-" < ... u District BOlg lt/ar!!- .. --...- .. -~ Sub--divis iono! Boundar..'1 -.-.~~ Police stat/on Bo undar..'1- ' - _ -~ >;> h ' , ., 1: .J ' ~ - .I i) ., L~,: ~:f.s· ! O~ ·n·l! ;'} I(J .l I~--;tj~ - .. .. _ ., .', ...... j, r- ,. / =-'/') ': r ~::J. • t.,.. I _i ... .r l .. .. ~ B/ock .ll. ill Par/{}bpt.lr L~6km Lls to (J.-:t ljtJ: , - ~ Ij i!/aq(.~ r orulH. . . ___ . __ •... c k? a il w(~ 1J- ...... - ... -. . H J