A Survey of Kerala History
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION \ India Is a Land of Immense Variety, Not Only
CHAPTER I ( INTRODUCTION \ India is a land of Immense variety, not only in its physical features, climate and natural resources, but also, and perhaps more so, in its people, languages and culture. People at various stages of civilization from the very primitive to the highly advanced, and of various racial ancestries from the Negrito to the Nordic are found in this vast sub-continent. Successive advents of peoples of highly varied cultural and racial types into the land for thousands of years, have forced the original inhabitants, and possibly some of the subsequent settlers, into the relative security and freedom of the forests and hinterland of the country. These peoples who are found all the way from north to south, and east to west, form the tribal population of India, No exact estimate of their numbers has ever been made, nor will it be possible, < 'i L due to a variety of reasons. Census figures of tribes vary greatly from one Census to another, not so much due to natural demographic variations as to changing definitions and criteria in classifying peoples. The comparatively recent classification of a section of people as »Scheduled Tribes* is a political, rather than strictly ethnographic, 2 classification. Equally misleading is the classification of people according to Religion, as for instance, Hindus and Animists, or Hindus and Tribals. Kingsley Davies says: "Most inaccurate figures on religion in India are those covering the ’Tribals* (or ’Animists* as they were 1 called prior to the 1931 Census).** There is considerable dove-tailing between the lower forms of Hinduism and the higher forms of tribal religion; so that, it is impossible to draw a line of demardation. -
KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (KSWMP) with Financial Assistance from the World Bank
KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT (KSWMP) INTRODUCTION AND STRATEGIC ENVIROMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE Public Disclosure Authorized MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN KERALA VOLUME I JUNE 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized Prepared by SUCHITWA MISSION Public Disclosure Authorized GOVERNMENT OF KERALA Contents 1 This is the STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN KERALA AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK for the KERALA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT (KSWMP) with financial assistance from the World Bank. This is hereby disclosed for comments/suggestions of the public/stakeholders. Send your comments/suggestions to SUCHITWA MISSION, Swaraj Bhavan, Base Floor (-1), Nanthancodu, Kowdiar, Thiruvananthapuram-695003, Kerala, India or email: [email protected] Contents 2 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT .................................................. 1 1.1 Program Description ................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Proposed Project Components ..................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Environmental Characteristics of the Project Location............................... 2 1.2 Need for an Environmental Management Framework ........................... 3 1.3 Overview of the Environmental Assessment and Framework ............. 3 1.3.1 Purpose of the SEA and ESMF ...................................................................... 3 1.3.2 The ESMF process ........................................................................................ -
Journal LXIII, Vol. 1-2021
JOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY VOLUME LXIII No. 1-2, 2021 THE ASIATIC SOCIETY 1 PARK STREET KOLKATA © The Asiatic Society ISSN 0368-3308 Edited and published by Dr. Satyabrata Chakrabarti General Secretary The Asiatic Society 1 Park Street Kolkata 700 016 Published in August 2021 Printed at Desktop Printers 3A, Garstin Place, 4th Floor Kolkata 700 001 Price : 400 (Complete vol. of four nos.) CONTENTS ARTICLES Genes as a Guide to Human History and Culture Partha P. Majumder ... ... ... 1 Rajendralala Mitra — A Time Traveller in the Twentieth Century — A Possible Scenario Malavika Karlekar ... ... ... 11 Why Is Understanding Gender Important Today? Nirmala Banerjee ... ... ... 31 Remnants of Dharmadam Fort — The Unwritten History of the British Trading Posts of Thalassery in Kerala M. S. Mahendrakumar ... ... ... 53 German Military Aid to the Indian Revolutionary Parties for anti-British Armed Uprising in India 1914-15 Premansu Kumar Bandyopadhyay ... ... 73 Instant Triple Talaq : A Curse on Muslim Women in India Nurul Islam ... ... ... 113 COMMUNICATIONS A Vedic Riddle (Prasnottaré) H. S. Ananthanarayana ... ... ... 129 Sukumar Sen : The Man behind the Screen of Indian Parliamentary Democracy Nilay Kumar Saha ... ... ... 137 ( vi ) GLEANINGS FROM THE PAST Annual Address Delivered by Professor Suniti Kumar Chatterji on February 1, 1971 at The Asiatic Society, Kolkata ... 153 Notes on Gleanings Acharya Suniti Kumar Chatterji’s Reflections on the Founder of the Asiatic Society Satyabrata Chakrabarti ... ... ... 161 BOOK REVIEW The Sun that Shines Supreme : Essays on Ideology and Revolutionary Activities of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, Edited by Mamata Desai and Manis Kumar Raha, K. P. Bagchi & Company, Kolkata, 2010. Ranjit Sen ... ... ... 165 Genes as a Guide to Human History and Culture* Partha P. -
Supremacy of Dutch in Travancore (1700-1753)
http://www.epitomejournals.com Vol. 4, Issue 6, June 2018, ISSN: 2395-6968 SUPREMACY OF DUTCH IN TRAVANCORE (1700-1753) Dr. B. SHEEBA KUMARI, Assistant Professor, Department of History, S. T. Hindu College, Nagercoil - 629 002. ABSTRACT in Travancore especially the Dutch from 1700 to 1753 A.D. was noted worthy in Travancore, a premier princely state of the history of the state. In this context, this south India politically, occupied an paper high lights the part of the Dutch to important place in Travancore history. On attain the political supremacy in the eve of the eighteenth century the Travancore. erstwhile state Travancore was almost like KEYWORDS a political Kaleidoscope which was greatly Travancore, Kulachal, Dutch Army, disturbed by internal and external Ettuveettil Pillamar, Marthanda Varma, dissensions. The internal feuds coupled Elayadathu Swarupam with machinations of the European powers. Struggled for political supremacy RESEARCH PAPER Travancore the princely state became an attractive for the colonists of the west from seventeenth century onwards. The Portuguese, the Dutch and the English developed commercial relations with the state of Travancore1. Among the Europeans the Portuguese 70 BSK Impact Factor = 3.656 Dr. Pramod Ambadasrao Pawar, Editor-in-Chief ©EIJMR All rights reserved. http://www.epitomejournals.com Vol. 4, Issue 6, June 2018, ISSN: 2395-6968 were the first to develop commercial contacts with the princes, and establish and fortress in the regions2. Their possessions were taken over by the later adventurers, the Dutch3. The aim of the Dutch in the beginning of the seventeenth century was to take over the whole of the Portuguese trading empire in Asia. -
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ISSN: 2393-8900 Impact Factor : 2.7825(UIF) Volume - 7 | Issue - 2 | Oct - 2020 Historicity Research Journal ________________________________________________________________________________________ EVOLUTION OF MODERN JUDICIAL SYSTEM AND JUDICIAL MANAGEMENT IN TRAVANCORE KINGDOM Dr. S. Pushpalatha1 and Mrs. B.Amutha2 1Assistant Professor & Head (i/c), Department of History, DDE, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai . 2(Reg. No: P5105) Ph.D. Research Scholar, Department of History, DDE, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai. ABSTRACT In the history of Travancore Kingdom, there had been a series of changes in judicial system that led to the development of current system of judiciary. During the reign of Marthanda Varma, criminal disputes were disposed in front of the King or Dewan in Padmanabhapuram Palace while petty cases were disposed by local landlords. Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma had empowered the Manikarens, Adhikaries and Proverthikars to settle the disputes in administrative divisions. In the reign of Gowri Lakshmi Bai (1791– 1814), District Courts at Padmanabhapuram, Mavelikara, Trivandrum, Vaikam and Alwaye were established in 1811 and these courts had two judges from Nair or Christian community and a Brahmin Sastri and the ancient Hindu Law was followed in the courts. In addition, a Huzhur court was also established to hear the disputes of Government servants. In 1831 C.E., Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma established Munsiff’s courts for disposal of petty civil cases and police cases, for which a munsiff from the British India was appointed in each court. One year after that, Zilla courts were established in each district and a code of regulations was framed in the British style for hearing the cases in 1834. -
The Legend Marthanda Varma [1] C.Parthiban Sarathi [1] II M.A History, Scott Christian College(Autonomous), Nagercoil
ISSN (Online) 2456 -1304 International Journal of Science, Engineering and Management (IJSEM) Vol 2, Issue 12, December 2017 The legend Marthanda Varma [1] C.Parthiban Sarathi [1] II M.A History, Scott Christian College(Autonomous), Nagercoil. Abstract:-- Marthanda Varma the founder of modern Travancore. He was born in 1705. Anizham Tirunal Marthanda Varma rule of Travancore in 1929. Marthanda Varma headquarters in Kalkulam. Marthanda Varma very important policy in Blood and Iron policy. Marthanda Varma reorganised the financial department the palace of Padmanabhapuram was improved and several new buildings. There was improvement of communication following the opening of new Roads and canals. Irrigation works like the ponmana and puthen dams. Marthanda Varma rulling period very important war in Battle of Colachel. The As the Dutch military team captain Eustachius De Lannoy and our soldiers surrendered in Travancore king. Marthanda Varma asked Dutch captain Delannoy to work for the Travancore army Delannoy accepted to take service under the maharaja Delannoy trained with European style of military drill and tactics. Commander in chief of the Travancore military, locally called as valia kapitaan. This king period Padmanabhaswamy temple in Ottakkal mandapam built in Marthanda Varma. The king decided to donate his recalm to Sri Padmanabha and thereafter rule as the deity's vice regent the dedication took place on January 3, 1750 and thereafter he was referred to as Padmanabhadasa Thrippadidanam. The legend king Marthanda Varma 7 July 1758 is dead. Keywords:-- Marthanda Varma, Battle of Colachel, Dutch military captain Delannoy INTRODUCTION English and the Dutch and would have completely quelled the rebels but for the timidity and weakness of his uncle the Anizham Tirunal Marthanda Varma was a ruler of the king who completed him to desist. -
EDUCATIONAL DISTRICT - MALAPPURAM Sl
LIST OF HIGH SCHOOLS IN MALAPPURAM DISTRICT EDUCATIONAL DISTRICT - MALAPPURAM Sl. Std. Std. HS/HSS/VHSS Boys/G Name of Name of School Address with Pincode Block Taluk No. (Fro (To) /HSS & irls/ Panchayat/Muncip m) VHSS/TTI Mixed ality/Corporation GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS 1 Arimbra GVHSS Arimbra - 673638 VIII XII HSS & VHSS Mixed Morayur Malappuram Eranad 2 Edavanna GVHSS Edavanna - 676541 V XII HSS & VHSS Mixed Edavanna Wandoor Nilambur 3 Irumbuzhi GHSS Irumbuzhi - 676513 VIII XII HSS Mixed Anakkayam Malappuram Eranad 4 Kadungapuram GHSS Kadungapuram - 679321 I XII HSS Mixed Puzhakkattiri Mankada Perinthalmanna 5 Karakunnu GHSS Karakunnu - 676123 VIII XII HSS Mixed Thrikkalangode Wandoor Eranad 6 Kondotty GVHSS Melangadi, Kondotty - 676 338. V XII HSS & VHSS Mixed Kondotty Kondotty Eranad 7 Kottakkal GRHSS Kottakkal - 676503 V XII HSS Mixed Kottakkal Malappuram Tirur 8 Kottappuram GHSS Andiyoorkunnu - 673637 V XII HSS Mixed Pulikkal Kondotty Eranad 9 Kuzhimanna GHSS Kuzhimanna - 673641 V XII HSS Mixed Kuzhimanna Areacode Eranad 10 Makkarapparamba GVHSS Makkaraparamba - 676507 VIII XII HSS & VHSS Mixed Makkaraparamba Mankada Perinthalmanna 11 Malappuram GBHSS Down Hill - 676519 V XII HSS Boys Malappuram ( M ) Malappuram Eranad 12 Malappuram GGHSS Down Hill - 676519 V XII HSS Girls Malappuram ( M ) Malappuram Eranad 13 Manjeri GBHSS Manjeri - 676121 V XII HSS Mixed Manjeri ( M ) Areacode Eranad 14 Manjeri GGHSS Manjeri - 676121 V XII HSS Girls Manjeri ( M ) Areacode Eranad 15 Mankada GVHSS Mankada - 679324 V XII HSS & VHSS Mixed Mankada Mankada -
M. R Ry. K. R. Krishna Menon, Avargal, Retired Sub-Judge, Walluvanad Taluk
MARUMAKKATHAYAM MARRIAGE COMMISSION. ANSWERS TO INTERROGATORIES BY M. R RY. K. R. KRISHNA MENON, AVARGAL, RETIRED SUB-JUDGE, WALLUVANAD TALUK. 1. Amongst Nayars and other high caste people, a man of the higher divi sion can have Sambandham with a woman of a lower division. 2, 3, 4 and 5. According to the original institutes of Malabar, Nayars are divided into 18 sects, between whom, except in the last 2, intermarriage was per missible ; and this custom is still found to exist, to a certain extent, both in Travan core and Cochin, This rule has however been varied by custom in British Mala bar, in Avhich a woman of a higher sect is not now permitted to form Sambandham with a man of a lower one. This however will not justify her total excommuni cation from her caste in a religious point of view, but will subject her to some social disabilities, which can be removed by her abandoning the sambandham, and paying a certain fine to the Enangans, or caste-people. The disabilities are the non-invitation of her to feasts and other social gatherings. But she cannot be prevented from entering the pagoda, from bathing in the tank, or touch ing the well &c. A Sambandham originally bad, cannot be validated by a Prayaschitham. In fact, Prayaschitham implies the expiation of sin, which can be incurred only by the violation of a religious rule. Here the rule violated is purely a social one, and not a religious one, and consequently Prayaschitham is altogether out of the place. The restriction is purely the creature of class pride, and this has been carried to such an extent as to pre vent the Sambandham of a woman with a man of her own class, among certain aristocratic families. -
Mehendale Book-10418
Tipu as He Really Was Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale Tipu as He Really Was Copyright © Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale First Edition : April, 2018 Type Setting and Layout : Mrs. Rohini R. Ambudkar III Preface Tipu is an object of reverence in Pakistan; naturally so, as he lived and died for Islam. A Street in Islamabad (Rawalpindi) is named after him. A missile developed by Pakistan bears his name. Even in India there is no lack of his admirers. Recently the Government of Karnataka decided to celebrate his birth anniversary, a decision which generated considerable opposition. While the official line was that Tipu was a freedom fighter, a liberal, tolerant and enlightened ruler, its opponents accused that he was a bigot, a mass murderer, a rapist. This book is written to show him as he really was. To state it briefly: If Tipu would have been allowed to have his way, most probably, there would have been, besides an East and a West Pakistan, a South Pakistan as well. At the least there would have been a refractory state like the Nizam's. His suppression in 1792, and ultimate destruction in 1799, had therefore a profound impact on the history of India. There is a class of historians who, for a long time, are portraying Tipu as a benevolent ruler. To counter them I can do no better than to follow Dr. R. C. Majumdar: “This … tendency”, he writes, “to make history the vehicle of certain definite political, social and economic ideas, which reign supreme in each country for the time being, is like a cloud, at present no bigger than a man's hand, but which may soon grow in volume, and overcast the sky, covering the light of the world by an impenetrable gloom. -
Historicity Research Journal
ISSN: 2393-8900 Impact Factor : 1.9152(UIF) VolUme - 4 | ISSUe - 9 | may - 2018 HIStorIcIty reSearcH JoUrNal ________________________________________________________________________________________ HISTORICAL ENQUIRY OF COLACHEL Dr. Praveen O. K. Assistant Professor, Department Of History, Sree Kerala Varma College, Thrissur, Kerala, India. ABSTRACT Travancore was the princely state existed in South India. It was called by different name in different period, it is popular being Venad, Vanchidesam and Tiruadidesam. Venad is originally known as Vanavanad which Merans the abode of the Dedvas. This was later simplified into Venad. Vanchi Desam means either the land of treasure or the land Baboons. In Malayalam the name of Travancore was interpreted by ‘Thiruvithamkure’ and in Sankrit ‘Srivardhanapuri’. KEY WORDS: Colachel, Battle of Colachel, Marthanda Varma, The Dutch, De Lannoy, Trade relations, The Dutch East India Company. INTRODUCTION Marthanda Varma inherited the throne of Travancore formerly known as Venad,from King Ramavarma, his uncle. During the period of Marthanda Varma the war held in Colachel is significance than the others. This war raises the war power of the king. In 1740, the Dutch Governor says to Marthanda Varma,that he was going to capture Travancore to his control. It internal idea is that Dutch are thinking to make colony in Travancore. In the beginning,and the war came to end of August 7,1741. The war was the important turning point of Marthanda Varma and Travancore State. NEED FOR THE PRESENT STUDY Colachal is sea port town from the ancient past, served as an important commercial centre for the Cheras, Pandyas and even the Dutch. It is surrounded by small villege lioke Kottilpadu, on the south, Puthutheru on the east, Velliyakulam on the North and Kalimar on the West. -
"An Evaluation of the History of Pentecostal Dalits in Kerala"
INTRODUCTION Research and studies have recently been initiated on the under-privileged people, namely, the Dalits in India. Though it is an encouraging fact, yet more systematic and classified studies are required because the Dalits are located over a wide range of areas, languages, cultures, and religions, where as the problems and solutions vary. Since the scholars and historians have ignored the Dalits for many centuries, a general study will not expose sufficiently their actual condition. Even though the Dalit Christian problems are resembling, Catholics and Protestants are divided over the issues. Some of the Roman Catholic priests are interested and assert their solidarity with the Dalit Christian struggle for equal privilege from the Government like other Hindu Dalits. On the other hand, most Protestant denominations are indifferent towards any public or democratic means of agitation on behalf of Dalit community. They are very crafty and admonish Dalit believers only to pray and wait for God’s intervention. However, there is an apparent intolerance in the Church towards the study and observations concerning the problems of Dalit Christians because many unfair treatments have been critically exposed. T.N. Gopakumar, the Asia Net programmer, did broadcast a slot on Dr. P.J. Joseph, a Catholic priest for thirty -eight years in the Esaw Church, on 22 October 2000. 1 Joseph advocated for the converted Christians that the Church should upgrade their place and participation in the leadership of the Church. The very next day, 1 T.N.Gopakumar, Kannady [Mirror-Mal], Asia Net , broadcast on 22 October, 2000. 1 with the knowledge of the authorities, a group of anti-Dalit Church members, attacked him and threw out this belongings from his room in the headquarters at Malapparambu, Kozhikode, where he lived for about thirty years. -
Contributions of Regent Rani Gouri Lakshmi
International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 05 Issue 04 February 2018 Reforms In Modern Travancore : Contributions Of Regent Rani Gouri Lakshmi Bai Chinthu I B Research Scholar, Department of History, University of Kerala, Ph: 9446409444 Email: [email protected] Abstract Travancore a distinguished Native or Introduction Princely State in India was a Hindu feudal state (1729-1949) formerly, under control of Travancore was a former Hindu powerful Travancore Royal family. They were feudal Kingdom and Indian princely state one of the oldest ruling Dynasties in India, that had been ruled by the Travancore Royal including sovereign kings and even women Family from the capital at regents. They ruled from the capital city of Padmanabhapuram or Thiruvananthapuram. Padmanabhapuram and later from The Kingdom of Travancore at its zenith Thiruvananthapuram one of the oldest and comprised most of modern day southern earliest cities in India which was shifted Kerala, Kanyakumari district, and the during the time of Dharma raja. It had a long southernmost parts of Tamil Nadu tradition as a royal centre with its prosperity besides which it was also a great Centre of Gouri Lakshmi Bai was one education. The periods of Gouri Lakshmi of Travancore’s most popular Queens and Bai (1810-1814) deals with the four years of introduced several reforms in the state ruled Travancore history which constituted a from 1810 till 1813 and Regent from 1813 silent reformation in Travancore. Gouri till her death in 1815 for her son Swathi Lakshmi Bai was the first women ruler of Thirunal Rama Varma.