The Impact of COVID-19 on Transport and Logistics Connectivity in the Landlocked Countries of South America
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The impact of COVID-19 on transport and logistics connectivity in the landlocked countries of South America Alejandra Rivera Thank you for your interest in this ECLAC publication ECLAC Publications Please register if you would like to receive information on our editorial products and activities. When you register, you may specify your particular areas of interest and you will gain access to our products in other formats. www.cepal.org/en/publications ublicaciones www.cepal.org/apps Project Documents The impact of COVID-19 on transport and logistics connectivity in the landlocked countries of South America Alejandra Rivera This document has been prepared by Alejandra Rivera, consultant with the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), under the supervision of Gabriel Pérez, Economic Affairs Officer with the Infrastructure Services Unit of the International Trade and Integration Division of ECLAC. This research was conducted as part of the regular programme of work of ECLAC and within the activities of the United Nations Development Account project, “Transport and trade connectivity in the age of pandemics: Contactless, seamless and collaborative United Nations solutions”. The views expressed in this document, which has been reproduced without formal editing, are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Organization. United Nations publication LC/TS.2020/155 Distribution: L Copyright © United Nations, 2020 All rights reserved Printed at United Nations, Santiago S.20‐00768 This publication should be cited as: A. Rivera: “The impact of COVID‐19 on transport and logistics connectivity in the landlocked countries of South America”, Project Documents (LC/TS.2020/155), Santiago, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC),2020. Applications for authorization to reproduce this work in whole or in part should be sent to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Documents and Publications Division, [email protected]. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and to inform ECLAC of such reproduction. ECLAC The impact of COVID-19 on transport and logistics connectivity... 3 Contents List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 9 I. Infrastructure and Logistics Country Profiles ......................................................................... 11 A. Infrastructure and Logistics in Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ............................................ 12 1. Road and Railway Transport ...................................................................................... 12 2. Fluvial and Maritime Transport .................................................................................. 13 3. Air Transport ............................................................................................................. 14 B. Infrastructure and Logistics in Paraguay ............................................................................ 14 1. Road Transport .......................................................................................................... 15 2. Fluvial and Maritime Transport .................................................................................. 16 3. Air Transport ............................................................................................................. 16 C. Joint Infrastructure and Logistics for LLDCs ...................................................................... 17 D. A comparative view on Logistics Performance .................................................................. 18 II. Measures and initial reactions ................................................................................................. 21 A. Measures and Reactions in Bolivia (Plurinational State of) ................................................ 22 B. Measures and Reactions in Paraguay................................................................................. 22 C. Restrictions of Transit Countries ....................................................................................... 23 III. Impact on International Connectivity in Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Paraguay ........ 25 A. Air Connectivity ................................................................................................................. 25 B. Maritime (indirect) Connectivity of LLDCs: Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Paraguay ....................................................................................................................29 C. Inland Connectivity of LLDCs: Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Paraguay ..................... 32 D. ICT Connectivity ................................................................................................................ 35 ECLAC The impact of COVID-19 on transport and logistics connectivity... 4 IV. Conclusions and Contribution ................................................................................................. 39 A. Impact on International Connectivity of Bolivia (Plurinational State of) and Paraguay ...... 39 B. Implications for Transport and Trade ................................................................................ 40 C. Policy Recommendation to improve international inland transport ................................... 42 1. Extension of customs’ border-crossing hours ............................................................. 42 2. Promote a regional integration .................................................................................. 42 3. Expedite region-wide implementation of common vehicle license plates .................. 43 4. Regional Observatory of Border-crossing Transit ...................................................... 44 D. Recommendations to Improve ICT Connectivity ...............................................................46 1. Tethering (phone-as-modem) System .......................................................................46 2. Standardization and Export Facilitation ..................................................................... 47 3. Revision and update of National ICT Development Plans ........................................... 47 4. Promote Public Private Partnerships ......................................................................... 47 5. Join forces among LLDCs countries ........................................................................... 48 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................49 Tables Table 1 Bolivia’s Investment in Transport Infrastructure and Telecommunications ................ 12 Table 2 Bolivian fluvial infrastructure by system, 2019 (sq.mts) ............................................. 13 Table 3 Annual aircraft departures and transport volumes per Bolivian airline ....................... 14 Table 4 Paraguay’s Investment in Transport Infrastructure .................................................... 15 Table 5 Progression of registered vehicles in Paraguay .......................................................... 15 Table 6 Annual aircraft departures and transport volumes per Paraguayan airline ................. 17 Table 7 Bolivian passengers by road and rail, and freight by rail, 2020 ................................... 33 Table 8 Year-on-year percentage change in Paraguay's customs operations ......................... 34 Table 9 Percentage of access and usage of ICTs in LLDCs, 2018 ............................................. 36 Table 10 Prices for two ICT services in LLDCs based on ITU's ICT Price Basket for 2019 ........... 36 Figures Figure 1 Conceptual layers of the environment for commerce ................................................ 11 Figure 2 WB Logistics Performance Index ............................................................................... 18 Figure 3 Components of Bolivia's LPI score ............................................................................. 19 Figure 4 Components of Paraguay's LPI score ......................................................................... 19 Figure 5 Percentage of Central and South American ports with hinterland transport delays ... 24 Figure 6 YTD Daily flight departures for Bolivia ....................................................................... 27 Figure 7 YTD Daily flight departures for Paraguay .................................................................. 27 Figure 8 Total freight moved in Bolivia and Paraguay.............................................................. 28 Figure 9 Total air passengers in Bolivia and Paraguay .............................................................29 Figure 10 Port LSCI for Pacific and Atlantic ports Bolivia and Paraguay use .............................. 30 Figure 11 Country-LSCI for LLDCs Transit Countries ................................................................. 31 Figure 12 Bolivia's Telecommunication Quantity Index ............................................................. 37 ECLAC The impact of COVID-19 on transport and logistics connectivity... 5 List of Abbreviations ABC : Administración Boliviana de Carreteras (Bolivian