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Pastoral Epistles a Commentary on I and II Timothy and Titus by J

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Pastoral Epistles a Commentary on I and II Timothy and Titus by J THE A Commentary on I & II Timothy & Titus THE A Commentary on I & II Timothy & Titus BY J. R. ENSEY The Pastoral Epistles A Commentary on I and II Timothy and Titus by J. R. Ensey ©1990 Word Aflame Press Hazelwood, MO 63042-2299 Reprint History: 1998 Cover Design by Tim Agnew All Scripture quotations in this book are from the King James Version of the Bible unless otherwise identified. All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, stored in an electronic system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Word Aflame Press. Brief quotations may be used in literary reviews. Printed in United States of America Printed by Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ensey, J. R. The Pastoral Epistles: a commentary on I and II Timothy and Titus / J. R. Ensey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-932581-69-2 1. Bible. N.T. Pastoral Epistles—Commentaries. I. Bible. N.T. Pastoral Epistles. English. Authorized. 1990. II. Title. BS2735.3.E57 1990 227’.83077—dc20 90-35717 CIP To all those students who have patiently and graciously received these practical lessons in the Texas Bible College classrooms and subsequently put them into practice in many fields of ministry. Contents General Introduction to the Pastoral Epistles . .9 The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy . .13 Introduction to First Timothy . .15 Outline of First Timothy . .19 Chapter One . .25 Chapter Two . .43 Chapter Three . .57 Chapter Four . .71 Chapter Five . .83 Chapter Six . .99 The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle To Timothy .117 Introduction to Second Timothy . .119 Outline of Second Timothy . .122 Chapter One . .125 Chapter Two . .139 Chapter Three . .157 Chapter Four . .173 The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Titus . .193 Introduction to Titus . .195 Outline of Titus . .197 Chapter One . .199 Chapter Two . .213 Chapter Three . .223 General Introduction to the Pastoral Epistles The apostle Paul authored three letters, or epistles, to two of his younger colleagues whom he affectionately referred to as his “sons.” These young men were pastors and evangelists who labored with him in his ministerial endeavors. He would often leave them in charge of assem- blies in cities where he had gathered together a congrega- tion. They would usually rejoin him at some point on another missionary journey. During these periods when they were left in charge, he corresponded with them to encourage them to be strong in defense of the gospel, admonish them to faithfulness, and offer specific instructions for both them and various ele- ments of the church. This correspondence was inspired of God and was accepted as canonical by the early church. It was viewed as a general pattern for ministerial activity and the operation of local churches everywhere. These epistles were apparently used by Polycarp, Justin Martyr, and Irenaeus during the second century. Only Marcion (c. A.D. 140) is known to have rejected them, accepting the canonicity of only ten Pauline epistles and Luke’s Gospel. The Muratorian Fragment (c. 170-200) 9 The Pastoral Epistles mentions Paul’s letters to seven churches and adds: “But he wrote one letter to Philemon, and one to Titus, and two to Timothy from affection and love.” The churches Timothy and Titus pastored were young churches, most of them no more than a few years old. They struggled with church polity, false teachers, aberrant philosophies, immorality, and social problems. We face many of the same issues today, which makes these writ- ings particularly relevant for us. No doubt Timothy and Titus welcomed these letters as a breath of fresh air, as light in a shadowed place, as water in a dry land. The Gnostic influence, the Judaizers, and heretics like Alex- ander were matters that would have been difficult to han- dle without a word of advice from their mentor. The departure from vintage Pauline style forms the basis for the only serious challenge to the authorship of Paul. The style does vary considerably from other Pauline writings, that of Romans being the most closely related to the Pastorals. As Vincent said, “We miss the unclosed parenthesis, the sudden digressions, the obscurities aris- ing from the headlong impetus of thought and feeling. The construction of sentences is simple, the thoughts are expressed without momentum or color.” Without doubt Paul took into consideration his reader and the present situation and then couched his instructions in language that best expressed his mood. Some critics complain that entire families of words widely used by Paul in his other epistles are missing here and that there are many terms employed in the Pastorals alone. But these were private letters written under par- ticular circumstances and perhaps by different scribes. Paul may have written some letters with his own hand 10 General Introduction (Galatians 6:11), but possibly due to failing eyesight, he most likely employed scribes or secretaries such as Luke to do much of the actual writing. Just as God uses an in- dividual’s own faculties and speech variations in the oral gifts of the Spirit, the writers employed by Paul may have drawn from their own training to help him choose the right words and grammatical structure to convey his divinely inspired message accurately. If so, that does not detract in any way from the authenticity, divine inspira- tion, or accuracy of the documents. In a similar way, one may note differences among the Gospel writers as they described the same scenes. In any case, the early post-apostolic church gratefully accepted these epistles as authentic and worthy of canon- ization. They have proven their worth over the centuries and are loved today by all who embrace truth and right- eousness. Only the skeptic, who would just as soon not hear the things Paul had to say about heresies and heretics, finds fault with these practical instructions to two young preachers of the first century. 11 THE FIRST EPISTLE OF PAUL THE APOSTLE TO TIMOTHY Introduction to First Timothy The Author The writer of this epistle introduced himself as “Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ . unto Timothy, my own son in the faith” (1:1-2). Conservative scholars accept Paul’s authorship of this letter. (See the General Introduction for a response to critics on this point.) The Recipient Timothy was discipled in Christianity and trained in public ministry by the apostle Paul. He was from Lystra and was probably converted during Paul’s first missionary journey (Acts 14:6-21; 16:1-2). His father was an unbelieving Greek, but his mother, Eunice, and his grand- mother, Lois, were godly Hebrew women (Acts 16:1; II Timothy 1:5). They had nurtured him on the Scriptures, and evidently his heart had been good ground for the seed of the Word of God (II Timothy 3:14-15). His life was one of dedicated service and fruitfulness. On Paul’s second missionary journey he invited Timothy to join the missionary team, which consisted of Paul, Luke, and Silas (Acts 16:3). Some have suggested that Timothy was chosen to take John Mark’s place (Acts 13:5). Paul had Timothy circumcised so that the Jews would not be offended when the missionaries came to 15 The Pastoral Epistles preach among them and visit their synagogues (Acts 16:3). Paul and the presbytery formally ordained the young preacher (I Timothy 4:14; II Timothy 1:6). He became like a son to Paul, perhaps his closest associate throughout his ministry, and was a close companion dur- ing his first imprisonment (Philippians 1:1; Colossians 1:1; Philemon 1:1). He apparently suffered incarceration himself at some point (Hebrews 13:23). Timothy served at least five churches, including Thessalonica (I Thessalonians 3:2, 6), Corinth (I Corin- thians 4:17), Philippi (Philippians 2:19-23), Berea (Acts 17:13-14), and Ephesus (I Timothy 1:3). He was at Ephesus when he received this communication from Paul. Timothy’s age is generally believed to be above thirty- five years at the time of this writing. (See the commentary on 4:12.) Place and Date of Writing This letter was probably written about A.D. 62 or 63 between Paul’s first and second imprisonment. Acts 28:16, 30 describes Paul’s first incarceration in Rome, during which time he wrote Philippians, Colossians, Ephesians, and Philemon. In these epistles he spoke of his hope for a soon release (Philippians 1:23-25; 2:24; Philemon 22). He was evidently released to make a planned trip to Spain (Romans 15:24), and in II Timothy 4:7 he said he had finished his course. From I Timothy 1:3 we may assume that Paul was in Macedonia when he wrote this letter. It is likely that after his release from his first Roman imprisonment he made a visit to Ephesus, and finding certain spiritual discrepan- 16 First Timothy cies there, he left Timothy to serve as a presiding elder, or pastor, and to set some things in order (1:3-4). Emphases The epistle is pastoral from beginning to end. It is from one minister to another. It is full of “preacher talk.” The letter details conditions that should prevail in a New Testament church. It outlines the duties and responsibili- ties of the ministry along with virtually every social and age group in the assembly. Handling pastoral problems is a general theme. One major emphasis is to encourage Timothy to inter- cept and denounce the purveyors of false teachings (1:3- 4; 4:1-3; 6:3-4).
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