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Optimizing the Care and Management of Your Equine Athlete

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Optimizing the Care and Management of Your Equine Athlete Spring 2014 A publication of the Center for Equine Health • School of Veterinary Medicine • University of California, Davis Optimizing the Care and Management of Your Equine Athlete When the Great Scorer comes to mark against your name, He writes not that you won or lost, but how you played the game. ational Sportsmanship Day is March 1, and whether the Nathletes we most admire happen to be human or equine, they have uplifted and inspired us through the love of competition. Horses were part of the Ancient Olympic Games in 680 BC and have been competing with and alongside their human counterparts through the ages. The equestrian disciplines of jumping, dressage and eventing have been part of the Olympics for more than 100 years! The Olympic Games are based on a philosophy that advocates using sport not just as a physical activity but also as a means of educating people. According to this philosophy, the good sportsmanship, sense of fair play and every competitive level. They provide respect for fellow athletes developed a body of rules, an effective means of INSIDE THIS ISSUE… through participation in sports teaches enforcing them, and a judicial process Optimizing the Care & Manage- men and women of all races, religions that is fair to competitors while providing ment of Your Equine Athlete ........1 and nationalities to work peacefully for optimum integrity within the sport. Director’s Message ......................2 together in competition toward common Equine Anti-Doping Regulations .....3 goals. The FEI and the USEF work to ensure that Maximizing Health ........................4 the welfare of the horse is paramount in The FEI (Fédération Equestre Intern- all equestrian sports and that athletes— Nutrition .......................................4 ationale) functions in a similar role as human and equine—compete on a level Conditioning and Fitness ................9 the International Olympic Committee, playing field. Anti-doping regulations Environmental Factors ................ 12 serving as the international governing exist to prevent any attempt to alter Podiatry ..................................... 14 body for equestrian sports. The USEF a horse’s performance or to mask an Complementary Medicine/ (United States Equestrian Federation) underlying health problem. When Early Screening for Injury ......... 15 is our national regulatory organization, —Continued on page 3 Kenneth L. Maddy Equine regulating competitions and promoting Analytical Chemistry the safety and welfare of horses and Laboratory .............................. 18 riders while encouraging excellence at For the Love of Sundance ............ 19 2 - The Horse Report ability but lack the mental maturity field and to protect the welfare DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE and solid behavior to complete the of the horse. The technology to task. They often require years of detect drugs in the horse’s system graduated training in capable hands is advancing as new drugs are before they make a suitable mount developed. The Kenneth L. Maddy for a less experienced rider. In most Analytical Chemistry Laboratory at UC cases, by the time the horse is capable Davis uses state-of-the-art technology of such work in the English equestrian and methodologies to study competitions, they are past their medications within a horse’s system physical prime and dealing with some and investigates new classes of drugs low-grade degenerative joint disease with the potential for abuse. or other symptom of all their years of practice. For this reason, medications So in this new, strong and enforceable do have their place in equestrian era of anti-doping sentiment, we must competition. It is important that remember that we have the tools to riders and veterinarians alike have the support our horses in such a way that Dr. Claudia Sonder option to provide comfort to those minimizes the need for behavior- and horses that love their work but pay performance-enhancing medications. We need to strive for what is optimal, a physical price. The same is true for There are steps we can take all along not what is maximal. –Temple Grandin human athletes. After heavy work, the way to preserve athleticism and it is not unusual for us to take an prolong the bond we share with was one of those little girls who anti-inflammatory, and when used our horses. This Horse Report will declared at a young age that I judiciously this serves us well. discuss some of the rule changes that I would ride in the Olympics. I believed that if I trained hard enough and rode well enough, that the rest The health of our sport and industry will rest on the decisions would fall into place. The truth is, we make now to strive for what is optimal and to create an getting a horse and rider team to the environment of compassion and integrity for those who will pinnacle of their sport is a daunting task. Many stars must align early in one day take our place. the game. First and foremost, the horse has to have the body type, The problem occurs when have gone into effect this past year conformation and competitive nature medications are used to enhance within the FEI, USEF and the State of to set it up for success in a particular performance or alter behavior. California and describe our current sport. Its diet, temperament, Society is no longer willing to put up understanding of optimizing wellness environment, training history, and with medicated athletes, human or for the athlete. The health of our sport comfort level all play a role in its desire equine. A current sentiment is that and industry will rest on the decisions and ability to work as a team with its concern for animal welfare is at an we make now to strive for what is rider. For most of us, the Olympic all-time high, while general familiarity optimal and to create an environment dream fades, but the joy of competing with horses seems to be at an all- of compassion and integrity for those successfully with a horse that we have time low. Recent, highly publicized who will one day take our place. ❄ brought along remains. reports of drug abuse in the racehorse and English hunter worlds has called Horses and riders require a certain the equestrian regulatory bodies to amount of mental maturity to the plate, and the result has been navigate a large course or complete the development of some new rules a complex test that requires focus affecting performance horses in and technical mastery. Younger competition. These new rules are horses often have the raw physical important to maintain a level playing www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ceh Spring 2014 - 3 Equine Athletes of violations for substances including a horse/pony collapse or death is — From page 1 cocaine, antipsychotics, tranquilizers mandated. and pain medication. Show-horse competing under FEI rules, riders in trainers have been implicated in FEI Rule Changes Effective January 1, equestrian events are subject as well abusing some of the same drugs 2014 (www.fei.org): to drug testing. Individual states that have caused widely publicized also have their own rules governing problems in racing. In response to Three substances have been added to equine medications. Athletes these events, the USEF and FEI have the controlled medication list for: accept these rules as a condition of recently instituted changes to their participation in athletic competitions. medication and equine welfare- ➤ Metformin—a potent but related rules; these are highlighted legitimate oral anti-diabetic drug with In this Horse Report, we call your below. For the complete rules and a potential welfare risk. attention to some changes to details concerning these changes, drug and medication rules made please visit their respective websites. ➤ Levothyroxine—an exogenous by the USEF, FEI and the California thyroid hormone replacement that Medication Monitoring Program. USEF Rule Changes Effective could enhance performance. Our primary focus, however, in December 1, 2013 keeping with the Center for Equine (www.usef.org/rulebook): ➤ Adrenocorticotrophic hormone Health’s mission, is to highlight a (ACTH)—this is currently classified as a number of evidence-based areas in ➤ No horses or ponies may banned substance and will be moved which equine athletes can best be be injected within 12 hours of to the controlled medication section supported, possibly pre-empting or competing. of the 2014 list due to its therapeutic minimizing the need for medications value in equine medicine. and supplements. While these ➤ There are only three exceptions management techniques are not to this rule: therapeutic fluids, Three previously unlisted substances remedies for all conditions or all antibiotics, and dexamethasone for will be added to the banned horses, they have proven effective the treatment of hives. substances section of the 2014 list: in maintaining physical condition, alleviating pain or discomfort, and ➤ All excepted substances must ➤ Injectable ammonium chloride— preventing injury. be administered by a licensed an injectable nerve-blocking solution veterinarian and cannot be that can be used to mask lameness. Equine Anti-Doping Regulations administered to a horse or pony within 6 hours of competing. ➤ Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL)—a There has been much publicity pro-drug (biologically inactive) that is in the last few years about the USEF New Rule, GR 843 Mandatory converted into GHB in the body. prevalence of drugs in horseracing Reporting & Cooperation of Horse/ and too many stories about fatal Pony Collapse, Effective August 1, ➤ Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)—a breakdowns involving the abuse of 2013 naturally occurring substance that medications. In December 2012, the can elevate growth hormone levels sport horse world got a taste of the ➤ A collapse is defined as “a fall to the and is associated with performance same medicine when the New York ground with no apparent cause.” enhancement. Times ran a story about a hunter pony that collapsed and died after having ➤ The trainer, owner, or rider of a California Equine Medication Rule received 15 separate drug treatments horse must report a collapse no later Changes Effective January 1, 2014 in the three days preceding his than 3 hours after it has occurred.
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