Commercial Agricultural Practices and Land Conflicts in Uganda: a Case of Luwero District
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COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND LAND CONFLICTS IN UGANDA: A CASE OF LUWERO DISTRICT BY TSHIANI MBUYI CLAUDE 1173-06176-12390 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A MASTER’S DEGREE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERRSITY October, 2019 i DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my original work and has not been submitted for any other award of a degree and published at any institution of higher learning. _______________________________ _______________________________ TSHIANI MBUYI Claude Date i APPROVAL This Dissertation has been submitted for further examination with my approval as supervisor. _______________________________ _______________________________ Dr. Chrisostome Oketch Date ii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my lovely wife, Mrs. Nicole Tshiani, and my children, Marite, Daniel, Gracia for their friendship, encouragement and emotional support. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My deepest thanks, first of all goes to the Almighty God for granting me his protection and knowledge in coming out with this important study. Furthermore, I wish to recognize my supervisors in the person of Dr Chrisostome Oketch with whom I worked closely during the stages of writing this thesis. I am also thankful to all my lecturers at College of Humanities and Social Science of Kampala International University for being helpful and imparting knowledge to me in diverse ways during Face-to-Face and beyond. In addition, I thank the residents and leaders of Luwero district for giving me audience and permission to carry out this study from their communities. Their support and corporation made me collect vital information that led to the successful completion of this research work. I would like to express my utmost gratitude to my beloved family members, Mrs. Nicole Tshiani, Marite, Daniel, and Gracia for their enthusiastic support, constant inspiration and blessings during my study. Last but not least, I am also indebted to my friends, and colleagues for offering me various assistances during my study and research work. May God richly bless you, including those who played different roles relating to the production of this work but whose names did not come up for mentioning. iv LIST OF ACRONYMS 2SLS Two-stage Least Squares AM Agricultural mechanization BEBA Bureau of Economics and Business Affairs ELI Environmental Law Institute FAO Food and Agriculture Organization HCI Household Commercialization Index IV Instrumental Variable LC Local Council NAADS National Agricultural Advisory Services UBOS Uganda Bureau of Statistics UNEP United Nations Environmental Programme USAID United States Aid v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................................. ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Historical Perspective .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Theoretical Perspective ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.1.4 Contextual Perspective ......................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Problem Statement .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Research Questions ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.6 Hypotheses .............................................................................................................................................. 7 1.7 Scope of the Study .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.7.1 Geographical Scope ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.7.2 Content Scope ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.7.3 Time Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.9 Operational Definitions of Key Terms .................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 10 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 10 vi 2.1 Theoretical Review ............................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Related Literature .................................................................................................................................. 13 2.3.1 Commercial Agriculture Practices ..................................................................................................... 13 2.3.1.1 Agricultural Marketing ................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.1.2 Mechanized Agriculture .................................................................................................................. 17 2.3.1.3 Land Use Intensification ................................................................................................................. 20 2.3.2 Land Conflicts .................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.2.1 Commercial Agriculture Practices and Land Boundary Conflicts .................................................. 26 2.3.2.2 Commercial Agriculture Practices and Land Inheritance Conflicts................................................ 27 2.3.2.3 Commercial Agriculture Practices and Multiple Sales of Customary Land ................................... 27 2.3.3 The Effects of Commercial Agriculture on Land Conflicts ............................................................... 28 2.4 Gaps in Literature ................................................................................................................................. 29 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 31 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................... 31 3.0 Introduction 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