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Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis in Hammondia-Like Organisms Based on Partial Hsp70 Coding Sequences
1195 Molecular phylogenetic analysis in Hammondia-like organisms based on partial Hsp70 coding sequences R. M. MONTEIRO1, L. J. RICHTZENHAIN1,H.F.J.PENA1,S.L.P.SOUZA1, M. R. FUNADA1, S. M. GENNARI1, J. P. DUBEY2, C. SREEKUMAR2,L.B.KEID1 and R. M. SOARES1* 1 Departamento de Medicina Veterina´ria Preventiva e Sau´de Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterina´ria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-900, Sa˜o Paulo, SP, Brazil 2 Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agricultural, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA (Resubmitted 7 January 2007; revised 31 January 2007; accepted 5 February 2007; first published online 27 April 2007) SUMMARY The 70 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp70) sequences are considered one of the most conserved proteins in all domains of life from Archaea to eukaryotes. Hammondia heydorni, H. hammondi, Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora hughesi and N. caninum (Hammondia-like organisms) are closely related tissue cyst-forming coccidians that belong to the subfamily Toxoplasmatinae. The phylogenetic reconstruction using cytoplasmic Hsp70 coding genes of Hammondia-like organisms revealed the genetic sequences of T. gondii, Neospora spp. and H. heydorni to possess similar levels of evolutionary distance. In addition, at least 2 distinct genetic groups could be recognized among the H. heydorni isolates. Such results are in agreement with those obtained with internal transcribed spacer-1 rDNA (ITS-1) sequences. In order to compare the nucleotide diversity among different taxonomic levels within Apicomplexa, Hsp70 coding sequences of the following apicomplexan organisms were included in this study: Cryptosporidium, Theileria, Babesia, Plasmodium and Cyclospora. -
The Transcriptome of the Avian Malaria Parasite Plasmodium
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/072454; this version posted August 31, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 The Transcriptome of the Avian Malaria Parasite 2 Plasmodium ashfordi Displays Host-Specific Gene 3 Expression 4 5 6 7 8 Running title 9 The Transcriptome of Plasmodium ashfordi 10 11 Authors 12 Elin Videvall1, Charlie K. Cornwallis1, Dag Ahrén1,3, Vaidas Palinauskas2, Gediminas Valkiūnas2, 13 Olof Hellgren1 14 15 Affiliation 16 1Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 17 2Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania 18 3National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Lund University, Lund, Sweden 19 20 Corresponding authors 21 Elin Videvall ([email protected]) 22 Olof Hellgren ([email protected]) 23 24 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/072454; this version posted August 31, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 25 Abstract 26 27 Malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) include some of the world’s most widespread and virulent 28 pathogens, infecting a wide array of vertebrates. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms these 29 parasites use to invade and exploit hosts other than mice and primates is, however, extremely limited. 30 How do Plasmodium adapt to individual hosts and to the immune response of hosts throughout an 31 infection? To better understand parasite plasticity, and identify genes that are conserved across the 32 phylogeny, it is imperative that we characterize transcriptome-wide gene expression from non-model 33 malaria parasites in multiple host individuals. -
University of Oklahoma
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D. -
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1 Exploring the male-induced female reproduction of Schistosoma mansoni in a novel medium Jipeng Wang1, Rui Chen1, James Collins1 1) UT Southwestern Medical Center. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by schistosome parasites that infect over 200 million people. The prodigious egg output of these parasites is the sole driver of pathology due to infection. Female schistosomes rely on continuous pairing with male worms to fuel the maturation of their reproductive organs, yet our understanding of their sexual reproduction is limited because egg production is not sustained for more than a few days in vitro. Here, we explore the process of male-stimulated female maturation in our newly developed ABC169 medium and demonstrate that physical contact with a male worm, and not insemination, is sufficient to induce female development and the production of viable parthenogenetic haploid embryos. By performing an RNAi screen for genes whose expression was enriched in the female reproductive organs, we identify a single nuclear hormone receptor that is required for differentiation and maturation of germ line stem cells in female gonad. Furthermore, we screen genes in non-reproductive tissues that maybe involved in mediating cell signaling during the male-female interplay and identify a transcription factor gli1 whose knockdown prevents male worms from inducing the female sexual maturation while having no effect on male:female pairing. Using RNA-seq, we characterize the gene expression changes of male worms after gli1 knockdown as well as the female transcriptomic changes after pairing with gli1-knockdown males. We are currently exploring the downstream genes of this transcription factor that may mediate the male stimulus associated with pairing. -
7Fa228ee469dc6254b4b09b017
GBE Multigenomic Delineation of Plasmodium Species of the Laverania Subgenus Infecting Wild-Living Chimpanzees and Gorillas Weimin Liu1, Sesh A. Sundararaman1,2, Dorothy E. Loy1,2, Gerald H. Learn1,YingyingLi1, Lindsey J. Plenderleith3, Jean-Bosco N. Ndjango4, Sheri Speede5,RebecaAtencia6,DebbyCox6,7, George M. Shaw1,2, Ahidjo Ayouba8, Martine Peeters8,JulianC.Rayner9, Beatrice H. Hahn1,2,and Paul M. Sharp3,* 1Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 2Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania 3Institute of Evolutionary Biology, and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom 4Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo 5Sanaga-Yong Chimpanzee Rescue Center, IDA-Africa, Portland, Oregon 6Tchimpounga Chimpanzee Rehabilitation Center, Pointe-Noire, Republic of the Congo 7Africa Programmes, Jane Goodall Institute, Vienna, Virginia 8UMI 233, Institut de Recherche pour le De´veloppement (IRD), INSERM U1175, and University of Montpellier, France 9Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: May 24, 2016 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at NCBI GenBank under the accession numbers listed in supplementary table S5, Supplementary Material online. Abstract Plasmodium falciparum, the major cause of malaria morbidity and mortality worldwide, is only distantly related -
Control of Intestinal Protozoa in Dogs and Cats
Control of Intestinal Protozoa 6 in Dogs and Cats ESCCAP Guideline 06 Second Edition – February 2018 1 ESCCAP Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ, United Kingdom First Edition Published by ESCCAP in August 2011 Second Edition Published in February 2018 © ESCCAP 2018 All rights reserved This publication is made available subject to the condition that any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise is with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. This publication may only be distributed in the covers in which it is first published unless with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-907259-53-1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 1: CONSIDERATION OF PET HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS 5 2: LIFELONG CONTROL OF MAJOR INTESTINAL PROTOZOA 6 2.1 Giardia duodenalis 6 2.2 Feline Tritrichomonas foetus (syn. T. blagburni) 8 2.3 Cystoisospora (syn. Isospora) spp. 9 2.4 Cryptosporidium spp. 11 2.5 Toxoplasma gondii 12 2.6 Neospora caninum 14 2.7 Hammondia spp. 16 2.8 Sarcocystis spp. 17 3: ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF PARASITE TRANSMISSION 18 4: OWNER CONSIDERATIONS IN PREVENTING ZOONOTIC DISEASES 19 5: STAFF, PET OWNER AND COMMUNITY EDUCATION 19 APPENDIX 1 – BACKGROUND 20 APPENDIX 2 – GLOSSARY 21 FIGURES Figure 1: Toxoplasma gondii life cycle 12 Figure 2: Neospora caninum life cycle 14 TABLES Table 1: Characteristics of apicomplexan oocysts found in the faeces of dogs and cats 10 Control of Intestinal Protozoa 6 in Dogs and Cats ESCCAP Guideline 06 Second Edition – February 2018 3 INTRODUCTION A wide range of intestinal protozoa commonly infect dogs and cats throughout Europe; with a few exceptions there seem to be no limitations in geographical distribution. -
Plasmodium Falciparum Is Not As Lonely As Previously Considered
AUTOPHAGIC PUNCTUM ARTICLE ADDENDUM Virulence 2:1, 71-76; January/February 2011; © 2011 Landes Bioscience Plasmodium falciparum is not as lonely as previously considered Franck Prugnolle,1,* Francisco Ayala,2 Benjamin Ollomo,3 Céline Arnathau,1 Patrick Durand1 and François Renaud1,* 1Laboratoire MIVEGEC; UM1-CNRS 5290-IRD 224, IRD Montpellier, France; 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Irvine, CA USA; 3Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville; Franceville, Gabon ntil very recently, only one species The identification of Plasmodium spe- U(P. reichenowi) was known to be a cies circulating in great apes in Africa phylogenetic sister lineage of P. falciparum, was primarily done during the first half the main malignant agent of human of the twentieth century, on the basis of malaria. In 2009 and 2010, new studies morphological features.1 This approach have revealed the existence of several new has several limitations.4 First, phenotypic phylogenetic species related to this deadly plasticity can lead to incorrect identifica- parasite and infecting chimpanzees and tions. Second, morphological keys are gorillas in Africa. These discoveries invite often effective only for a particular life us to explore a whole set of new questions, stage which cannot always be observed which we briefly do in this article. or is difficult to be. Finally, and perhaps most important, this approach overlooks The Plasmodium species infecting morphologically cryptic taxa. These limi- humans and non-human primates cluster tations, together with the difficulty to into two distinct phylogenetic lineages collect and manipulate great apes, were (Fig. 1). One of these lineages (in yellow certainly, at least in part, responsible for in Fig. -
Faster Growth with Shorter Antigens Explains a VSG Hierarchy During African Trypanosome Infections: a Feint Attack by Parasites
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/131029; this version posted April 26, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Faster growth with shorter antigens explains a VSG hierarchy during African trypanosome infections: a feint attack by parasites Dianbo Liu1, Luca Albergante1,2, David Horn1,*, Timothy Newman1,* 1School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK 2U900, Institut Curie, 75005, France *These authors contributed equally Correspondence to [email protected] and [email protected] Abstract The parasitic African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, evades the adaptive host immune response by a process of antigenic variation that involves the clonal switching of variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs). The VSGs that periodically come to dominate in vivo display a hierarchy, but how this hierarchy arises is not well-understood. Combining publicly available genetic data with mathematical modelling, we report a VSG-length-dependent hierarchical timing of clonal VSG dominance in a mouse model, revealing an inverse correlation between VSG length and trypanosome growth-rate. Our analysis indicates that, among parasites switching to new VSGs, those expressing shorter VSGs preferentially accumulate to a detectable level that is sufficient to trigger an effective immune response. Subsequent elimination of faster-growing parasites then allows slower parasites with longer VSGs to accumulate. This interaction between the host and parasite is able by itself to explain the temporal distribution of VSGs observed in vivo. -
3718 Issue63july2010 1.Pdf
Issue 63.qxd:Genetic Society News 1/10/10 14:41 Page 1 JULYJULLYY 2010 | ISSUEISSUE 63 GENETICSGENNETICSS SOCIETYSOCIEETY NENEWSEWS In this issue The Genetics Society NewsNewws is edited by U Genetics Society PresidentPresident Honoured Honoured ProfProf David Hosken and items ittems for future future issues can be sent to thee editor,editor, preferably preferably U Mouse Genetics Meeting by email to [email protected],D.J.Hosken@@exeter.ac.uk, or U SponsoredSponsored Meetings Meetings hardhard copy to Chair in Evolutionary Evoolutionary Biology, Biology, UniversityUniversity of Exeter,Exeter, Cornwall Cornnwall Campus, U The JBS Haldane LectureLecture Tremough,Tremough, Penryn, TR10 0 9EZ UK.UK. The U Schools Evolutionn ConferenceConference Newsletter is published twicet a year,year, with copy dates of 1st June andand 26th November.November. U TaxiTaxi Drivers The British YeastYeaste Group Group descend on Oxford Oxford for their 2010 meeting: m see the reportreport on page 35. 3 Image © Georgina McLoughlin Issue 63.qxd:Genetic Society News 1/10/10 14:41 Page 2 A WORD FROM THE EDITOR A word from the editor Welcome to issue 63. In this issue we announce a UK is recognised with the award of a CBE in the new Genetics Society Prize to Queen’s Birthday Honours, tells us about one of Welcome to my last issue as join the medals and lectures we her favourite papers by Susan Lindquist, the 2010 editor of the Genetics Society award. The JBS Haldane Mendel Lecturer. Somewhat unusually we have a News, after 3 years in the hot Lecture will be awarded couple of Taxi Drivers in this issue – Brian and seat and a total of 8 years on annually to recognise Deborah Charlesworth are not so happy about the committee it is time to excellence in communicating the way that the print media deals with some move on before I really outstay aspects of genetics research to scientific issues and Chris Ponting bemoans the my welcome! It has been a the public. -
The Nuclear 18S Ribosomal Dnas of Avian Haemosporidian Parasites Josef Harl1, Tanja Himmel1, Gediminas Valkiūnas2 and Herbert Weissenböck1*
Harl et al. Malar J (2019) 18:305 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-2940-6 Malaria Journal RESEARCH Open Access The nuclear 18S ribosomal DNAs of avian haemosporidian parasites Josef Harl1, Tanja Himmel1, Gediminas Valkiūnas2 and Herbert Weissenböck1* Abstract Background: Plasmodium species feature only four to eight nuclear ribosomal units on diferent chromosomes, which are assumed to evolve independently according to a birth-and-death model, in which new variants origi- nate by duplication and others are deleted throughout time. Moreover, distinct ribosomal units were shown to be expressed during diferent developmental stages in the vertebrate and mosquito hosts. Here, the 18S rDNA sequences of 32 species of avian haemosporidian parasites are reported and compared to those of simian and rodent Plasmodium species. Methods: Almost the entire 18S rDNAs of avian haemosporidians belonging to the genera Plasmodium (7), Haemo- proteus (9), and Leucocytozoon (16) were obtained by PCR, molecular cloning, and sequencing ten clones each. Phy- logenetic trees were calculated and sequence patterns were analysed and compared to those of simian and rodent malaria species. A section of the mitochondrial CytB was also sequenced. Results: Sequence patterns in most avian Plasmodium species were similar to those in the mammalian parasites with most species featuring two distinct 18S rDNA sequence clusters. Distinct 18S variants were also found in Haemopro- teus tartakovskyi and the three Leucocytozoon species, whereas the other species featured sets of similar haplotypes. The 18S rDNA GC-contents of the Leucocytozoon toddi complex and the subgenus Parahaemoproteus were extremely high with 49.3% and 44.9%, respectively. -
Why the –Omic Future of Apicomplexa Should Include Gregarines Julie Boisard, Isabelle Florent
Why the –omic future of Apicomplexa should include Gregarines Julie Boisard, Isabelle Florent To cite this version: Julie Boisard, Isabelle Florent. Why the –omic future of Apicomplexa should include Gregarines. Biology of the Cell, Wiley, 2020, 10.1111/boc.202000006. hal-02553206 HAL Id: hal-02553206 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02553206 Submitted on 24 Apr 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Article title: Why the –omic future of Apicomplexa should include Gregarines. Names of authors: Julie BOISARD1,2 and Isabelle FLORENT1 Authors affiliations: 1. Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Département Adaptations du Vivant (AVIV), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52, 57 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. 2. Structure et instabilité des génomes (STRING UMR 7196 CNRS / INSERM U1154), Département Adaptations du vivant (AVIV), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 26, 57 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Short Title: Gregarines –omics for Apicomplexa studies -
The Trypanosoma Brucei Subpellicular Microtubule Array Is Organized Into Functionally Discrete
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.375725; this version posted November 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 The Trypanosoma brucei subpellicular microtubule array is organized into functionally discrete 2 subdomains defined by microtubule associated proteins 3 4 Amy N. Sinclair1,#, Christine T. Huynh1, Thomas E. Sladewski1, Jenna L. Zuromski2, Amanda E. 5 Ruiz2, and Christopher L. de Graffenried1,†,* 6 7 1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 8 02912 9 2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for International Health Research, 10 Brown University, Providence, RI 02903 11 *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +1 (401) 863-6148 E-mail: 12 [email protected]. 13 #. ORCID: 0000-0001-6688-6754 14 †. ORCID: 0000-0003-3386-6487 15 16 Short title: Subpellicular array subdomains in T. brucei 17 18 Abbreviations: Flagellum attachment zone (FAZ), microtubule associated protein (MAP), 19 nucleus (N), kinetoplast (K), immunogold electron microscopy (iEM), transmission electron 20 microscopy (TEM), RNA interference (RNAi), mNeonGreen (mNG), maltose binding protein 21 (MBP), total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) 22 23 Keywords: cytoskeleton, microtubules, microtubule associated proteins, subpellicular 24 microtubule array, trypanosomatid, cell morphology bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.375725; this version posted November 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.