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Hatun Willakuy HATUN WILLAKUY Abbreviated Version of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission PERU IMAGES: The paintings that appear on the cover and chapter openings of the 2014 edition of Hattun Willakuy were created by Mauricio Delgado Castillo, a Peruvian artist based in Lima. The works form part of his 2006 ex- hibition “Between Flowers and Misfortunes” (Entre flores yinfortunios), which presents images of Peru’s internal armed conflict atop flower prints. His generosity in sharing these works in order to help illuminate this history is greatly appreciated. Cover – “Viudas y vidas” © 2006 Mauricio Delgado Castillo, Chapter 1 – “Mamá Macha” © 2006 Mauricio Delgado Castillo, Chapter 2 – “La detención eterna III” © 2006 Mauricio Delgado Castillo, Chap- ter 3 – “La detención eterna I” © 2006 Mauricio Delgado Castillo, Chapter 4 – “No teníamos culpa de nada… ¿o sí?” © 2006 Mauricio Delgado Castillo, Chapter 5 – “La detención eterna II” © 2006 Mauricio Delgado Castillo, Chapter 6 – “Instantes eternos y repetibles” © 2006 Mauricio Delgado Castillo, Chapter 7 – “Muchos del pueblo han muerto” © 2006 Mauricio Delgado Castillo, Chapter 8 – “¡Vivos los llevaron, vivos los queremos!” © 2006 Mauricio Delgado Castillo HATUN WILLAKUY Abbreviated Version of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission PERU Hatun Willakuy: Abbreviated Version of the Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission Transfer Commission Members Javier Ciurlizza Contreras Arturo Perata Ytajashi Félix Reátegui Carrillo Publication Coordinator Félix Reátegui Carrillo Editing Coordinator Estrella Guerra Caminiti The content of this publication is a translation of the Abbreviated Version of the Peruvian Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission first published in Spanish in February 2004. It was prepared by the Transfer Commission at the request of the commissioners at their final session on August 31, 2003. If additional information is required please refer to the full report available in Spanish at the Commission’s website (www.cverdad.org.pe.). The original translation from Spanish into English was carried out under the auspices of the Instituto de Democracia y Derechos Humanos de la Pontificia Univer- sidad Católica del Perú with funding from the Center for Civil and Human Rights of the University of Notre Dame. Under Laws 27806 and 27927, this text, entitled Hatun Willakuy, is a public document. The content may be reproduced in full or in part as long as properly credited. This edition is a joint collaboration of the Center for Civil and Human Rights of the University of Notre Dame, the Insti- tuto de Democracia y Derechos Humanos de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, and the International Center for Transitional Justice. Spanish Edition: February 2004 English Edition: August 2010 and May 2014 Graphic Design Matt Lemmond of Lemmond Design Infographics Carla Gonzales Matt Lemmond of Lemmond Design Images Mauricio Delgado (Exhibition “Entre Flores y Infortunios”, 2006) Translation Lucien Chavin Barbara J. Fraser Revision of Translation Lisa Meissner © Transfer Commission of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Peru Tomás Ramsey 925, Magdalena Lima, Peru www.cverdad.org.pe Contents Ten Years Later ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Preface .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 PART ONE: THE TRAGEDY AND THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR IT ..........................................................................................................................................................................9 Chapter 1: The Events: The Magnitude and Scope of the Conflict .............................................................................................................................................................11 “Foreign Towns Within Peru” .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14 Legal Dimension of the Events ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................18 Magnitude and Complexity of Crimes and Human Rights Violations .............................................................................................................................................. 26 Periods of the Internal Armed Conflict ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Internal Armed Conflict and the Regions .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................53 Chapter 2: Subversive Organizations ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 69 Communist Party of Peru–Shining Path ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................70 Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................122 Chapter 3: Civilian Governments in the First Decade of the Violence ........................................................................................................................................ 151 Administration of President Fernando Belaunde Terry and the Popular Action Front ...................................................................................152 Administration of the Peruvian Aprista Party .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 162 Chapter 4: State Security Forces .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 177 Police Forces ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 178 Armed Forces ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 188 Chapter 5: The Administrations of Alberto Fujimori ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 225 PART TWO: LEGACY OF THE CONFLICT AND THE WAY TO PEACE ...............................................................................................................................................243 Chapter 6: The Factors that Made the Violence Possible ......................................................................................................................................................................................245 PCP-SL’s Decision to Begin the Conflict .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................246 Long-term or Historical Factors in the Conflict ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................248
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