The Study on the Program of Rural Development For
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A Reassessment on the Lithic Artefacts from the Earliest Human Occupations at Puente Rock Shelter, Ayacucho Valley, Peru
Archaeological Discovery, 2021, 9, 91-112 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ad ISSN Online: 2331-1967 ISSN Print: 2331-1959 A Reassessment on the Lithic Artefacts from the Earliest Human Occupations at Puente Rock Shelter, Ayacucho Valley, Peru Juan Yataco Capcha1, Hugo G. Nami2, Wilmer Huiza1 1Archaeological and Anthropological of San Marcos University Museum, Lima, Perú 2Department of Geological Sciences, Laboratory of Geophysics “Daniel A. Valencio”, CONICET-IGEBA, FCEN, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina How to cite this paper: Capcha, J. Y., Abstract Nami, H. G., & Huiza, W. (2021). A Reas- sessment on the Lithic Artefacts from the Richard “Scotty” MacNeish, between 1969 and 1972, led an international Earliest Human Occupations at Puente Rock team of archaeologists on the Ayacucho Archaeological-Botanical—Project in Shelter, Ayacucho Valley, Peru. Archaeo- the south-central highlands of Peru. Among several important archaeological logical Discovery, 9, 91-112. https://doi.org/10.4236/ad.2021.92005 sites identified there, MacNeish and his team excavated the Puente rock shel- ter. As a part of an ongoing research program aimed to reassess the lithic re- Received: February 14, 2021 mains from this endeavor, we re-studied a sample by making diverse kinds of Accepted: March 22, 2021 morpho-technological analysis. The remains studied come from the lower Published: March 25, 2021 strata at Puente, where a radiocarbon assay from layer XIIA yielded a cali- Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and brated date of 10,190 to 9555 years BP that the present study identifies, vari- Scientific Research Publishing Inc. ous activities were carried out at the site, mainly related to manufacturing and This work is licensed under the Creative repairing unifacial and bifacial tools. -
Sexuality, Social Inequalities, and Sexual Vulnerability Among Low-Income Youth in the City of Ayacucho, Peru
SEXUALITY, SOCIAL INEQUALITIES, AND SEXUAL VULNERABILITY AMONG LOW-INCOME YOUTH IN THE CITY OF AYACUCHO, PERU CARMEN J. YON Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Carmen J. Yon All rights reserved ABSTRACT Sexuality, Social Inequalities, and Sexual Vulnerability among Low-Income Youth in the City of Ayacucho, Peru Carmen J. Yon This ethnographic study explores diverse ways in which sexuality and social hierarchies and inequalities interact in the lives of low-income youth who were trained as peer-educators and sexual health and rights advocates in Ayacucho, Peru. It examines three central questions: 1) How are meanings about sexuality related to social hierarchies and social prestige among these youth? 2) How do quotidian manifestations of social inequity shape vulnerability of youth to sexual abuse and sexual risks, and their sexual agency to face these situations? and 3) What are the possibilities and limitations of existent sexual rights educational programs to diminish sexual vulnerability of youth facing diverse forms of inequality, such as economic, gender, ethnic and inter-generational disparities? I analyze what may be termed as the political economy of sexual vulnerability among low-income youth, and show the concrete ways in which it operates in their everyday life. Likewise, this research studies sexuality as a domain of reproduction, resignification and critique of social inequality and social hierarchies. The context is an Andean city, which in recent decades has experienced incomplete processes of democratization, and also a greater penetration of consumerism and transnational ideas and images. -
New Peru Newsletter
NEW PERU NEWSLETTER SOME POINTS ON THE CURRENT SITUATION IN PERU (PG. 2) NEW DOCUMENT OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE PCP: PERUVIAN PEOPLE! LONG LIVE THE 78TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE HEROIC COMBATANT, THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF PERU! UNITE UNDER MAOISM, APPLING GONZALO THOUGHT! (PG. 12) FROM RED SUN #29: ACTIONS OF THE PEOPLE‘S LIBERATION ARMY (PG. 18) ISSUE #3 / JAN. 2008 EDITORIAL This third edition of the newsletter is being published following a very successful international conference held in Madrid on Sept. 29, organized by the Peru People’s Movement together with some other revolutionary organizations in Spain held in celebration of the 15th Anniversary of Chairman Gonzalo’s Speech Which Shines Victoriously and Powerfully Before the World as a Combat Weapon. We were honoured to have had the opportunity to participate and it has given us a new jumpstart for continuing our work with new energy here in the US to support the People’s War in Peru as a way of also serving the World Proletarian Revolution underway. It has been over two years since our last edition, during which time we have seen a greater necessity to publish our newsletter more regularly, as the revisionists and opportunists in the US have completely abandoned every last ounce of support for not only the People’s War in Peru, but even the revolutionary struggles in the world, including the popular struggle here in the US. We find the need to mention one of them by name at this time, since not only have they committed the above errors, but they have now sunk to an even lower level by joining up with one faction of the big imperialist bourgeoisie to “oppose” the other, while having the audacity to call themselves “Maoists”. -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD. -
Partnering to Improve Access to Irrigation in Rural Peru a Case Study of CARE’S Financing Water Irrigation System Pilot Activity
FIELD BRIEF No. 8 Partnering to Improve Access to Irrigation in Rural Peru A Case Study of CARE’s Financing Water Irrigation System Pilot Activity for action to rapidly improve environmental This “FIELD Brief” is the eighth in a series produced practices that would sustain the planet.2 by the Financial Integration, Economic Leveraging and Broad-Based Dissemination (FIELD)-Support In Peru, continued drought, influenced by Program, and discusses the experience of CARE global climate change and inefficient use of testing a partnership approach with MFIs, irrigation irrigated water, has lead to soil loss by erosion technology specialists, local government and small and substantial declines in agricultural producers to improve water usage in rural Peru. productivity. To address some of these issues, FIELD-Support partner CARE began Managed by AED, FIELD-Support represents a implementing the Financing Water for consortium of leading organizations committed to Productive Use pilot activity in Peru to test a advancing the state-of-the-practice of microfinance partnership approach that would bring and microenterprise development through innovation, together microfinance institutions, irrigation learning and exploration. FIELD Briefs support this technology companies, local government objective by sharing what we have learned and offices, and small producers and traders to fostering dialogue on key issues. This brief was improve water usage, increase local farmer written by Alejandro Rojas Sarapura and Julio income and demonstrate opportunities for the Nishikawa Menacho of CARE Peru with contributions local government to implement similar from Christian Pennotti and Sybil Chidiac of CARE scalable initiatives. USA through the Financing Water for Productive Use pilot activity. -
The Archaeology of Wak'as: Explorations of the Sacred in the Pre
The Archaeology of Wak’as The of Archaeology Wak’as Explorations of the Sacred in the Pre-Columbian Andes edited by Tamara L. Bray UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO Boulder © 2015 by University Press of Colorado Published by University Press of Colorado 5589 Arapahoe Avenue, Suite 206C Boulder, Colorado 80303 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The University Press of Colorado is a proud member of Association of American University Presses. The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State University, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Regis University, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, Utah State University, and Western State Colorado University. ∞ This paper meets the requirements of the ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). ISBN: 978-1-60732-317-4 ISBN: 978-1-60732-318-1 (ebook) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The archaeology of wak’as : explorations of the sacred in the pre-Columbian Andes / Tamara L. Bray, editor. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-60732-317-4 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-60732-318-1 (ebook) 1. Indians of South America—Andes—Antiquities. 2. Huacas. 3. Andes—Antiquities. 4. Indians of South America—Peru—Antiquities. 5. Peru—Antiquities. I. Bray, Tamara L. F2229.A82 2014 985'.01—dc23 2014005436 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cover illustration: Drawing by Martin de Murúa, from Códice Galvin (2004 [1590]:98r). For Frank Salomon, whose work has been foundational, insightful, and inspirational And Chaupi Ñamca said: “Only this man, alone among all the other huacas, is a real man. -
Proefschrift Mario 12/11/02 10:45 Page 153
proefschrift mario 12/11/02 10:45 Page 153 5From Selva to Sierra The reaction has two ways to crush guerrillas: (1) to win the masses, (2) to liquidate the leadership, because as long as it remains, it will return....1 Partido Comunista del Perú-Sendero Luminoso 5.1 The Comandos Especiales In September 1991, DECAS militiamen were once again in the district of Tambo. In the twenty-four and a half months since they first came to the district during Operation Halcón, civil defence organisation in most of Tambo’s rural communities had yet again disintegrated. Back in August 1989, Tambo’s rural communities appar- ently exhibited a common determination to oppose Shining Path. In spite of this, however, strong guerrilla presence in the district persisted, chipping away at, and so demoralising, the peoples’ will to resist Shining Path. The periodic armed incursions; the frequent levies from rural villages of provisions and recruits (including children) to replenish rebel ranks; the chilling execution of “enemies” and “traitors” immedi- ately following a “people’s trial” (juicio popular)—all these served as constant, vio- lent reminders to the peasants of the terrifying hold that Shining Path had on their daily lives. By mid-1991, most of the villages that had previously reorganised them- selves with the help of the DECAS during Operation Halcón had once again deacti- vated their self-defence committees. It had become apparent to them that their comités de autodefensa not only attracted cruel reprisals from the rebels, but also were quite incapable of realistically deterring rebel attacks, particularly given their pitiful weaponry and lack of support from the army at the time. -
PERU @Human Rights During the Government of President Alberto Fujimori
£PERU @Human rights during the government of President Alberto Fujimori 1. Summary Despite repeated statements by President Alberto Fujimori and representatives of his administration that human rights standards are to be fully respected, and the issuing of directives and the implementation of reforms designed to reverse the pattern of abuses extending back to January 1983, Amnesty International has continued to document gross human rights violations throughout the Republic of Peru1. Widespread "disappearances" and extrajudicial executions by the security forces (see Appendix 1, Tables 1 and 2), as well as torture continued to be the organization's principal concerns in Peru. The vast majority of victims were peasants suspected of sympathizing or collaborating with armed opposition groups and living in areas declared under a state of emergency. Amnesty International is also concerned about repeated death threats, attacks and killings of independent and official human rights defenders. Among the victims were journalists, members of independent human rights organizations and representatives of the Public Ministry. Amnesty International is further concerned about the apparently arbitrary detention of at least 50 people shortly before or in the wake of an announcement by President Alberto Fujimori on 5 April 1992 immediately dissolving Congress and establishing an executive-led transitional Government of Emergency and National Reconstruction. The detainees included ministers under the government of former president Alan García Pérez, politicians, -
Type of Vehicle Circulating in National Road PE-32S Transit of Vehicles
Type of Vehicle Circulating in National Road Transit of Vehicles Interrupted near Area of PE-32S Works Bus service in national road PE 32-A (Cangallo-Huancapi) is In departmental roads passage is frequently interrupted by works, conducted by microbuses and cargo goes in the superior part of the road is narrow and there is no shoulders, large vehicles have vehicles) difficult to pass 5.3.3 Existing Road Net and Conditions of Development Paved roads account for about 5% of the existing roads in Ayacucho Region. The remaining 95% are unpaved of which the conditions are largely influenced by maintenance, rainfall and, topography and altitude. (1) National Roads Presently PROVIAS NACIONAL is responsible for the National Road Network, being assigned to the VIII Zone of Ayacucho Region, and is in charge of the regular maintenance. Regular maintenance works in Ayacucho Region is carried out by local microenterprises (MYPES), and considered in the budget of the 4-Years Plan “Proyecto Perú” that started in FY 2009. Table 5.3.9 Paved Sections by Direct Administration Section Approved Budget for 2009 (S/.) Longitude (km) DV Pisco PTA - Pejerrey - San Clemente- Choclococha Bridge 900,000.00 201 Choclococha Bridge – Ayacucho and 03S Junction – Quinua 800,000.00 200 Izcuchaca - Huancavelica 350,000.00 75 Total 2,050,000.00 476 Source: PROVIAS NACIONAL, ORLANDO GALLARDO S., AYAC – HVCA, XIII Zone Table 5.3.10 Pictures of Works in Paved Roads, Libertadores Road Geological failure and Collapse of drainage Treatment of Fissure landslide Supaymayo Sector Km. 322+000 Apacheta Km. 231+000 Ccarhuapampa Km. -
The Unstoppable People's
20 ft VIVA EL MDViMIENTQ REVQLUCIOHARIO SNTERMACIBNAUSTA The Unstoppable People's War "Long Live the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement!" Painting done by political prisoners in Peru before the "Day of Heroism" in 1986, when 300 were killed by government troops. What follows is a list of some People's pie's trials in the area.5 War, the PLA gathers the villagers and War actions in Peru from January to 18 February: In a spectacular feat, the calls on them to boycott the 8 April earlyjune 2001 reported in the Peruvian PLA downs a military helicopter in the elections.14 local and national reactionary press. It Viscatan area, Huanta province, In early March, the PLA confis• was compiled by the editors of Red Sun, Ayacucho, annihilating a sergeant and cates dynamite and fuses from an en• a publication of supporters of the PCP wounding a lieutenant. The army heli• gineering works in Chanchamayo, in abroad, and has been slightly edited for copter was attacked whilst supplying preparation for boycott actions. 15 publication here. The superscript the Monjapata military base, located 8 March: Confrontation between the number following each action refers to in the Apurfmac river valley.6 PLA and police forces in the Santa Ana the location of the action on the 27 February: A PLA company takes area, Las Palmas district, some 18 kilo• accompanying map. -AY/TW the village of Tambogrande (popula• metres south of Huancayo.16 tion 20,000), blacks out the electricity 8 March: Confrontation between the and carries out actions against the PLA and forces from the National Of• JANUARY property of collaborators. -
The Study on the Program of Rural Development for Poor Peasants and Local Capacity Strengthening in Central Highlands Republi
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE REGIONALMINISTRY OF GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURE OF AYACUCHO REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OF AYACUCHO THE STUDY THE ONSTUDY THE PROGRAM OF RURALON DEVELOPMENT FOR POORTHE PEASANTS PROGRAM AND OF LOCAL RURAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT STRENGTHENING FOR POOR PEASANTS AND LOCALIN CAPACITY STRENGTHENING CENTRAL INHIGHLANDS CENTRAL HIGHLANDS REPUBLIC OF PERU REPUBLIC OF PERU FINAL REPORT FINAL REPORT SUMMARY SUMMARY AUGUST 2010 AUGUST 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. KRINIPPON INTERNATIONAL KOEI CO., LTD. CORP. NIPPON KOEIKRI LATIN INTERNATIONAL AMERICA-CARIBBEAN CORP. CO., LTD. NIPPON KOEI LATIN AMERICA-CARIBBEAN CO., LTD. 㪩㪛㩷 㪩㪛㩷㪡㪩㩷 㪈㪇㪄㪇㪋㪏㩷㪡㪩㩷 RD 㪈㪇㪄㪇㪋㪏㩷JR 10 - 048 MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE REGIONALMINISTRY OF GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURE OF AYACUCHO REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OF AYACUCHO THE STUDY THE ONSTUDY THE PROGRAM OF RURALON DEVELOPMENT FOR POORTHE PEASANTS PROGRAM AND OF LOCAL RURAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT STRENGTHENING FOR POOR PEASANTS AND LOCALIN CAPACITY STRENGTHENING CENTRAL INHIGHLANDS CENTRAL HIGHLANDS REPUBLIC OF PERU REPUBLIC OF PERU FINAL REPORT FINAL REPORT SUMMARY SUMMARY AUGUST 2010 AUGUST 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. KRINIPPON INTERNATIONAL KOEI CO., LTD. CORP. NIPPON KOEIKRI LATIN INTERNATIONAL AMERICA-CARIBBEAN CORP. CO., LTD. NIPPON KOEI LATIN AMERICA-CARIBBEAN CO., LTD. 㪩㪛㩷 㪩㪛㩷㪡㪩㩷 㪈㪇㪄㪇㪋㪏㩷㪡㪩㩷 㪈㪇㪄㪇㪋㪏㩷 Ayacucho Region Huanta Province Lima La Mar Province Republic of Peru Huamanga Province -
Memories of Violence Dreamd of Development Dissertation Markus
Memories of Violence, Dreams of Development _ Memorialisation Initiatives in the Peruvian Andes Dissertation zur Erlangung des Dr. Phil. in Politikwissenschaft Eingereicht von Markus Weissert an der Freien Universität Berlin Fachbereich Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften 2015 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Sven Chojnacki Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans-Joachim Gießmann Datum der Disputation: 28.01.2016 Acknowledgments Many thanks to: the members of ANFASEP and the communities of Santiago de Lucanamarca and Putacca for their hospitality, for answering my many questions and for sharing their histories, knowledge and perceptions with me – without them this work would never have been possible; the staff of COMISEDH and Asociación Paz y Esperanza for sharing their information and self-critically looking into their project work with me; Prof. Dr. Sven Chojnacki of the Otto-Suhr-Institute for Political Science at the Freie Universität Berlin, and Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans-J. Giessmann, Director of the Berghof Foundation, Berlin, for supervising this work and giving me many insights into my work’s topic; Mr. Jefrey Gamarra from the Universidad Nacional San Cristóbal de Huamanga for his knowledge and remarks during my fieldwork in Ayacucho; the Berghof Foundation for financing my research with the Georg Zundel Grant; the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for financing my fieldwork in 2011; Gloria Huamaní Palomino, Noel Yauri Gálvez and Ana María Ascarza Mendoza who accompanied my fieldwork as research assistants, translated from Quechua to Spanish and vice-versa during interviews and transcribed the interviews in Quechua into Spanish; Maren Sass for her tireless work and helpful comments in proofreading the final version of this study; the Ponce de León and Villavicencio Pimentel families for providing me with food and shelter during my time in Ayacucho; my wife Liliana Villavicencio Pimentel whom I adore for always supporting me during the six years of research and writing and for calmly bearing my sudden changes of mood during this long time.