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Málaga Tetuán Nador Tánger Alhucemas

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Málaga Tetuán Nador Tánger Alhucemas APROXIMACIÓN A LOS EDIFICIOS HISTÓRICOS Y PATRIMONIALES DE MÁLAGA TETUÁN MA I NADOR OCE H L A TÁNGER ET ALHUCEMAS ANGER , T UN RAPPROCHEMENT ENTRE LES ÉDIFICIES HISTORIQUES ET patrIMONIAUX DE ADOR , N MALAGA TOUAN TÉTOUAN , TÉ NADOR ALAGA TANGER AL HOCEIMA CATÁLOGO MÁLAGA, TETUÁN, NADOR , TÁNGER Y ALHUCEMAS MÁLAGA, TETUÁN, NADOR , TÁNGER CATÁLOGO M CATALOGUE Programa POCTEFEX Proyecto Especerías APROXIMACIÓN A LOS EDIFICIOS HISTÓRICOS Y PATRIMONIALES DE MÁLAGA, TETUÁN, NADOR, TÁNGER Y ALHUCEMAS UN RAPPROCHEMENT ENTRE LES ÉDIFICES HISTORIQUES ET PATRIMONIAUX DE MALAGA, TÉTOUAN, NADOR, TANGER ET AL HOCEIMA CATÁLOGO HISTÓRICO PAtrimonial – VolUMEN A PROGRAMA POCTEFEX, PROYECTO ESPECERÍAS CATALOGUE HISTORIQUE ET PAtrimonial – VolUME A PROGRAMME POCTEFEX, PROJET ESPECERÍAS Programa POCTEFEX Proyecto Especerías EDITA / PUBLIER Servicio de Programas del Ayuntamiento de Málaga. Observatorio de Medio Ambiente Urbano OMAU I DEDEA / I É Pedro Marín Cots Director / Directeur, Observatorio de Medio Ambiente Urbano (OMAU) C OORDINACIÓN / COORDINATRICE Silvia Nélida Bossio TX E TOS / TEXTES Pedro Gurriarán Daza Salvador García Villalobos Carmen Peral Bejarano Emilio Ruiz Nieto Antonio Bravo Nieto Juan Antonio Bellver Garrido Montaser Laoukili Anouar El Mossaoui Jamal Moujahid Omar Lemallam Otman El Absi Rachid Taferssiti Imad Srifi Hanae Bekkari Elena Melgar Gamarro Sylvie García de la Llave Nourdine Mouati TrD A UCCIÓN / TRADUCTION Fiorina Sage Teresa Díaz Rodríguez Rifat Ballot F OTOGRAFÍAS / PHOTOGRAPHIE Francisco Gutiérrez Ruiz – Photo Shop Digital DE IS ÑO / DESIGN Antonio Herraiz PD MAQEA U T CIÓN / MISE EN PAGE Fran Barrionuevo Víctor Gómez PLN A OS / PLANS Alberto Villén Impres IÓN / IMPRIMERIE Gráficas Urania DPT E ÓSI O LEGAL MA-727-2011 Los textos de la presente edición son Les textes de cette édition engagent la responsabilidad exclusiva de sus autores. responsabilité exclusive de leurs auteurs. Este libro está impreso en papel fabricado con Ce livre est imprimé en papier fabriqué à fibras procedentes de bosques gestionados de partir de fibres issues de forêts exploitées forma sostenible. suivant les principes de gestion durable. Puede ser descargado en PDF en la web del Il peut être déchargé en PDF sur le site web OMAU www.omau-malaga.com de l’OMAU www.omau-malaga.com PRESENTACIÓN / PRÉsentatiON L A IDEA DE ESTA PUBLICACIÓN era mostrar los L’objeCTIF DE CETTE PUBLICATION est de mettre edificios más representativos de las cinco ciu- en valeur les édifices les plus représentatifs des dades, no solo aquellos que tienen un signifi- cinq villes concernées. Il ne s’agit pas seulement cado histórico común como las construcciones de ceux qui ont une valeur historique communes árabes de la ciudad antigua de Málaga y sus avec celles des constructions arabes de la vieille equivalentes en las medinas marroquíes, o las ville de Malaga et de leur équivalent dans les edificaciones españolas de la época del protec- médinas marocaines ou des bâtiments espag- torado, sino también aquellos que no teniendo nols de l’époque du protectorat. Il s’agit plutôt una relación histórica como los anteriores, re- d’édifices qui, malgré le fait qu’ils n’aient pas de presentan un patrimonio cultural. relation historique avec les précédents, repré- sentent un patrimoine culturel. La gran mayoría de las edificaciones presen- tadas tienen como soporte territorial la ciudad La plupart des édifices que nous présentons sont antigua, los arrabales que se formaron junto a tous situés sur les terrains de la vieille ville, sur les las viejas murallas, y los ensanches realizados faubourgs qui se construisirent près des vieilles en la primera parte del siglo XX. El catálogo de murailles et sur les quartiers adjacents qui virent edificios de valor patrimonial no ha pretendi- le jour au cours de la première moitié du XXe do ser completo, pero sí podemos afirmar que siècle. Ce catalogue d’édifices de valeur patrimo- contiene la arquitectura más representativa de nial n’a pas l’intention de montrer tous les bâti- las cinco ciudades. Sin embargo, la arquitectura ments. Par contre, il met en valeur l’architecture de la ciudad siempre está vinculada al espacio la plus représentative des cinq villes. Cependant, público y al tratamiento diferente que se le da l’architecture des villes est toujours liée à l’espace en ambos lados del Mediterráneo. public et cette architecture diffère entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée. La huella de la época del protectorado en la edificación civil y también en las infraes- On retrouve fréquemment les traces de l’époque tructuras, puentes o carreteras son bastante du protectorat dans la construction civile et éga- reconocibles, así como la influencia de la in- lement dans les infrastructures, les ponts et les geniería de origen militar. De hecho, las co- routes. L’influence de l’ingénierie d’origine militaire municaciones originales establecidas por los est également très présente. D’ailleurs, les com- españoles en el Rif obedecen a estrategias munications originales établies par les espagnols militares. Los ejes Ceuta–Tetuán–Xauen, Tán- du Rif obéissent à des stratégies militaires. Les ger–Arcila–Larache o Melilla–Nador–Alhuce- axes Ceuta-Tétouan-Xauen, Tanger-Arcila-Larache mas siguen siendo hoy en día referencias de ou Melilla-Nador-Alhucemas sont encore de nos comunicación. jours des références en terme de communication. La construcción de la ciudad española en los La construction de la ville espagnole dans les ensanches principalmente de Tetuán y Larache quartiers de Tétouan et Larache dont les plans iniciados a nivel de planeamiento sobre 1914, remontent à 1914 respectaient la ville histori- respetaban la ciudad histórica de las medinas, que des médinas et interdisaient non seulement prohibiendo no solo la demolición de edificios o la démolition des bâtiments ou des monuments monumentos, sino la construcción de edificios mais aussi la construction de bâtiments de style de estilo europeo en sus ámbitos. Ese celo en el européen dans ces mêmes quartiers. Cette per- respeto de la ciudad histórica realizado por las sévérance dans le respect de la ville ancienne Reales Academias, fue notable, y muy superior menée à bien par les Académies Royales est al desarrollado en Málaga y su ciudad antigua, bien plus importante que celle développée à o en las ciudades marroquíes una vez alcanza- Malaga avec sa vieille ville ou dans les villes ron la independencia. marocaines après l’indépendance. Las propuestas de los ensanches de Tetuán y Les propositions d’agrandissement de quartiers Xauen, su color blanco y sus elementos orna- à Tétouan et à Xauen, la couleur blanche utilisée mentales no son un reflejo de la arquitectura et les éléments décoratifs ne sont pas le reflet de de la península, sino que tienen característi- l’architecture employée sur la péninsule. Cette ar- cas propias que solo se encuentran en ejem- chitecture a ses propres caractéristiques que nous plos como la Delegación de Obras Públicas y el retrouvons par exemple dans la Délégation des Edificio de Correos y Telégrafos de Tetuán, o el Travaux Publics et dans le bâtiment de la Poste de Hospital Español de Tánger. Tétouan, ou à l’Hôpital Espagnol de Tanger. Finalmente la arquitectura más moderna e Finalement l’architecture la plus moderne et inno- innovadora coincide con el final de la etapa vatrice coïncide avec la fin de l’étape espagnole et española y tiene una de sus mejores represen- se retrouve le mieux représentée dans la Cathé- taciones en la Catedral de Tánger, iniciada en drale de Tanger dont les travaux commencèrent 1953 y concluida en 1961, cuando Marruecos en 1953 et furent achevés en 1961 lorsque le ya era un país independiente. El uso del hor- Maroc était déjà un pays indépendant. L’utilisation migón armado en su estructura de 45 metros du béton armé dans sa structure de 45 mètres de altura, y las bellas vidrieras reflejan simbó- de haut ainsi que les beaux vitrages reflètent de licamente el final de una época histórica y el façon symbolique la fin d’une époque historique comienzo de otra, donde sin embargo se refleja et le début d’une nouvelle. On retrouve cependant una cultura común que hemos tratado de des- dans chacune d’elles une culture commune que cribir en este libro. nous avons essayé ici de décrire dans cet ouvrage. PEDRO MARÍN COTS D irector / Directeur, Observatorio de Medio Ambiente Urbano, OMAU CONTENIDO / CONTENU 01 MÁLAGA / MALAGA 9 02 TETUÁN / TÉTOUAN 169 03 naDOR / NADOR 227 04 tánger / tanger 259 05 alHUCEMAS / AL HOCEIMA 323 ÍNDICE / INDEX 345 01 MÁLAGA / MALAGA MÁLAGA | 11 EVOLUCIÓN URBANA DE LA CIUDAD DE MÁLAGA L’ÉVOLUTION URBAINE DE LA VILLE DE MALAGA PEDRO GURRIARÁN DAZA SAlvADOR GARCÍA VILLALOBOS Arquitectos Época FENICIA L’ÉOU P Q E PHÉNICIENNE D e una belleza indescriptible podríamos ima- N ous ne pouvons qu’imaginer la beauté indes- ginar a toda la costa sur peninsular cuando los criptible de tout le littoral sud de la péninsule primeros pueblos exploraban y decidían la si- de l’époque où les premiers peuples exploraient tuación más idónea para asentarse de manera et choisissaient un endroit idéal pour s’installer permanente. En el caso de Málaga, basta con de manière permanente. En ce qui concerne un pequeño esfuerzo mental que sea capaz de Malaga, il suffit simplement de faire un petit eliminar la masa edificada actual, para que en- effort retrospectif et d’effacer la masse de bâti- tendamos por qué nuestra ciudad lleva insta- ments actuelle, afin de comprendre pourquoi lada en el mismo lugar desde hace al menos notre ville est située au même endroit depuis au veintiséis siglos. Las cond iciones geográficas moins vingt-six siècles. Les conditions géogra- y climáticas tienen la culpa, la hoya de Málaga phiques et climatiques en sont la cause puisque queda defendida y aislada frente a los pueblos la vallée de Malaga permet de se défendre et de y los fríos del norte gracias a los montes que la protéger la population des froids du nord grâce rodean, al sur cuenta con el mar, capaz de su- aux montagnes qui l’entourent et que la mer, ministrarle la necesaria comunicación a través située au sud, lui permet de bien communiquer de sus puertos, y por último debemos contar grâce à ses ports.
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