Meeting Package

February 12, 2021 9:30 am – 12:30 pm City of Sebastian, Council Chambers, 1225 Main Street, Sebastian, FL 32958

This meeting is open to the public and will be televised live by the City of Sebastian at https://www.cityofsebastian.org/274/Web-Channel---Live

COVID precautions: Masks and social distancing are required in chambers. ______The order of items appearing on the agenda is subject to change during the meeting and is at the discretion of the presiding officer. Anyone wishing to speak on any item is requested to complete a speaker’s card.

1. Call to Order and Pledge of Allegiance (Susan Adams, Chair)

2. Introduction of IRL Council Board of Directors and Special Guests (Susan Adams, Chair)

3. Agenda Revisions (Susan Adams, Chair) Note any known changes and inquire if any members have suggested revisions.

4. Resolutions, Recognition, Letters and Awards (Susan Adams, Chair)

5. Election of 2021 IRL Council Officers (Glen Torcivia, Legal Counsel)

Requested Action: Board of Directors adopts new slate of officers for 2021.

6. Public Comment (IRL Council Chair)

7. Water Quality Reports • Northern and Central Lagoon (Dr. Chuck Jacoby, SJRWMD) • St. Lucie County (Jose Vega, St. Lucie County) • Southern Lagoon (Dianne Hughes, Martin County)

8. IRLNEP Management Conference Committee Reports • Management Board Reports (Management Board Chair) • STEM Advisory Committee (STEM Chair) • Citizens’ Advisory Committee (Citizens Advisory Chair)

9. Consent Agenda (IRL Council Chair)

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Requested Action: Approval of Consent Agenda a. Approval of November 6, 2020 Board of Directors meeting minutes b. Approve removal of inactive IRLNEP Advisory Committee members. IRL Council to make recommendations for replacements before next scheduled Board meeting in May.

10. Old Business a. Climate-Ready Estuary Report (Duane De Freese)

Requested Action: Board of Directors adopts the Climate Ready Estuary Report.

11. New Business a. FDEP grant announcement and FY 2021 Budget Amendment. (Duane De Freese, Daniel Kolodny).

Requested Action: Recommend the IRL Council Board of Directors adopts Resolution 2021-01 amending FY 2021 budget to include new grant revenues and expenditures.

b. RFP 2021-01 (Water Quality) Proposal Scores and Funding Recommendation (Daniel Kolodny).

Requested Actions (By separate motions): • Motion to accept IRLNEP Management Conference recommendations and approve the final ranked list of proposals. • Motion to accept the Management Conference recommendations to fund the top proposals contingent and consistent with available funds and budgetary authority. Authorize staff to negotiate and enter into contracts with those applicants.

c. RFP 2021-02 (Habitat Restoration) Proposal Scores and Funding Recommendation (Daniel Kolodny).

d. RFP 2021-03 (Community-Based Restoration) Proposal Scores and Funding Recommendation (Daniel Kolodny).

Requested Actions (By separate motions):

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• Motion to accept IRLNEP Management Conference recommendations and approve the final ranked list of proposals. • Motion to accept the Management Conference recommendations to fund the top proposals contingent and consistent with available funds and budgetary authority. Authorize staff to negotiate and enter into contracts with those applicants. e. RFP 2021-04 (Science and Innovation) Proposal Scores and Funding Recommendation (Daniel Kolodny).

Requested Actions (By separate motions): • Direct staff to prepare and submit the EPA workplan for FY 2022 before June 1, 2021 • Direct staff to develop and distribute the FY 2022 Business Plan (combined IRLNEP and EPA Work Plan). g. FY 2022 Preliminary Budget (Daniel Kolodny)

Requested Action: Board of Directors reviews and adopts the preliminary budget for FY 2022 by Resolution 2021-02 pursuant to IRL Council policy and Florida statute 200.065. h. FY 2021 Request for Qualifications – RFQ for CCMP revisions and project list support services (Kathy Hill)

Requested Action: Board of Directors authorizes staff to enter into a service contract with the recommended vendor(s). i. FY 2021 Request for Qualifications – RFQ for Contract support for graphic, editorial, and ADA services for graphic and print collaterals (Kathy Hill)

Requested Action: Board of Directors authorizes staff to enter into a service contract with the recommended vendor(s).

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12. IRLNEP Staff reports a. Project Updates (Daniel Kolodny) b. Communication Report (Kathy Hill) c. Executive Director Report (Duane De Freese)

13. IRL Council Member Reports

14. IRL Council – Next Meeting Announcement (IRL Council Chair) May 14, 2021 9:30am – 12:30pm City of Sebastian, Council Chambers, 1225 Main Street, Sebastian, FL 32958

15. Adjourn

Informational reports provided in Board briefing package (No Board actions required) a. Financial Statements, IRLNEP active projects list and quarterly cash flow summary.

NOTE: If a person decides to appeal any decision made by the Board with respect to any matter considered at such meeting or hearing, he or she will need a record of the proceedings, and that, for such purpose, he or she may need to ensure that a verbatim record of the proceedings is made, which record includes the testimony and evidence upon which the appeal is to be based. Section 286.0105, Florida Statutes (2014).

Pursuant to the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act, any person requiring special accommodations to participate in this workshop/meeting is asked to advise the agency at least 48 hours before the workshop/meeting by contacting: Stephanie Jackson at (305) 764-4319. If you are hearing or speech impaired, please contact the agency using the Florida Relay Service, 1(800) 955-8771 (TDD) or 1(800) 955-8770 (Voice). For more information, contact: Stephanie Jackson, IRL Council, 1235 Main St, Sebastian, FL 32958, (305) 764-4319, or by email at [email protected].

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INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 2. Introduction of IRL Council Board of Directors and Special Guests IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Introduction of IRL Council Board of Directors and Title: Special Guests

Requested Action: Signature

New IRL Council Staff Member:

Stephanie Baumgarten-Jackson Administrative Coordinator

Summary Explanation and Background:

Fiscal Impact:

None

Exhibits Attached:

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 3. Agenda Revisions

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: Agenda Revisions

Requested Action: Signature

None noted at the time of Agenda Package distribution

Summary Explanation and Background:

Fiscal Impact:

Exhibits Attached:

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 4. Resolutions, Recognition, Letters and Awards IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: Resolutions, Recognition, Letters and Awards

Requested Action: Signature

None noted at the time of Agenda Package distribution

Summary Explanation and Background:

Fiscal Impact:

None

Exhibits Attached:

None

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 5. Election of 2021 IRL Council

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: Election of 2021 IRL Council

Requested Action: Signature

Requested Action: Board of Directors adopts new slate of officers for 2021

Summary Explanation and Background:

Annual elections at the at the first meeting of the calendar year are required per IRL

Council By-Laws

Fiscal Impact:

None

Exhibits Attached:

None

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 6. Public Comment

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: Public Comment

Requested Action: Signature

Take public comment if any

Summary Explanation and Background:

Fiscal Impact:

None

Exhibits Attached:

None

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 7. Water Quality Reports

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: Water Quality Reports

Requested Action: Signature

None

Summary Explanation and Background:

• Northern and Central Lagoon presented by Dr. Chuck Jacoby

• St. Lucie County presented by Jose Vega

• Southern Lagoon presented by Dianne Hughes

Fiscal Impact:

None

Exhibits Attached:

None

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 8. IRLNEP Management Conference Committee Reports IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: IRLNEP Management Conference Committee Reports

Requested Action: Signature

None

Summary Explanation and Background:

• Management Board Report (Management Board Chair)

• STEM Advisory Committee (STEM Chair)

• Citizens’ Advisory Committee (Citizens Advisory Chair)

Fiscal Impact:

None

Exhibits Attached:

None

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 9. Consent Agenda

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: Consent Agenda

Requested Action: Signature

Summary Explanation and Background:

a. Meeting Minutes from November 6, 2020 Board of Directors Meeting

b. Inactive IRLNEP Advisory Committee members

Fiscal Impact:

None

Exhibits Attached:

a. November 6, 2020 Board of Directors Meeting Minutes (5 pages) b. List of inactive IRLNEP Advisory Committee members

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

Minutes from the meeting of November 6, 2020 9:30 a.m. Sebastian City Hall Council Chambers, Sebastian, FL

Attendance: Susan Adams, Chris Dzadosky, Doug Bournique, Curt Smith, Libby Pigman, Aaron Watkins, Billie Wheeler, Stacey Hetherington.

Agenda Item 1. Call to Order and Pledge of Allegiance (Susan Adams, Chair) Agenda Item 2. Introduction of IRL Council Board of Directors and Special Guests (Susan Adams, Chair) Agenda Item 3. Agenda Revisions (Susan Adams, Chair) There were no revisions to the agenda. Agenda Item 4. Resolutions, Recognition, Letters and Awards (Susan Adams, Chair)

• Chair recognized the passing of Leroy Creswell, UF-IFAS agent and member of the STEM Advisory Committee.

• Chair recognized Cesar Zapata of the US EPA Region 4, who has been promoted and will no longer serve as an advisory member to the IRL Council Board of Directors. Agenda Item 5. Public Comment There was no public comment.

Agenda Item 6. Water Quality Reports • Dr. Chuck Jacoby, SJRWMD, reviewed conditions in the northern and central IRL. • Melanie Parker, SFWMD, reviewed data collection activities by SFWMD; Brandon Friedman, St. Lucie County, reviewed rainfall data and basin flow discharge to the north fork of the St. Lucie River. John Maehl, Martin County, reviewed conditions in Martin County, noting that rainfall data reflects a 200% increase from normal rainfall levels in fall.

Agenda Item 7. Presentations “Restore Lagoon Inflow: Project Introduction and Phase I Findings” (Dr. Jeff Eble, Florida Institute of Technology)

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Dr. Eble gave a 15-minute presentation of the Florida Tech projects to investigate strategies for lagoon inflow to remediate water quality.

Agenda Item 8. IRLNEP Management Conference Committee Reports Management Conference meetings were cancelled for this quarter, therefore, there were no reports from the conference.

Agenda Item 9. Consent Agenda Requested Action - Approval of Consent Agenda. a. Approval of July 31, 2020 Board of Directors meeting minutes b. Contract IRL2019-09 Scope of Work Amendment for Micco sewer line extension project. c. New appointments i. Management Board John Leslie, Indian River County ii. STEM Advisory Committee Kelly Young, Volusia County iii. Citizens Advisory Committee No New Appointments A MOTION WAS MADE BY CHRIS DZADOSKY, SECONDED BY DOUG BOURNIQUE TO APPROVE THE CONSENT AGENDA. MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY.

Agenda Item 10. Old Business a. Program Progress Updates (Information only. No Board Action required) i. Projects (Daniel Kolodny) Daniel Kolodny provided a status update on current and completed projects. ii. Communications (Kathy Hill) Kathy Hill provided a status update on the Communications projects completed and moving forward.

Agenda Item 11. New Business a. FY 2020 Budget Amendment (Daniel Kolodny) Requested Action: Review and adopt the final amended budget for FY 2020 by Resolution 2020-06. A MOTION WAS MADE BY CHRIS DZADOSKY, SECONDED BY STACEY HETHERINGTON, TO ADOPT THE FINAL AMENDED BUDGET FOR FY 2020 BY RESOLUTION 2020-06 AND TO GRANT THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ADDITIONAL FLEXIBILITY IN THE BUDGET PROCESS AS REGARDS THE MATCH LINE ITEM OF $30,000 FOR PROPOSAL MATCHING IN EITHER

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THE DEP GRANT OR OTHER PROPOSALS THAT MAY COME UP IN THE FUTURE. THERE WAS NO PUBLIC COMMENT. MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. b. FY 2021 Budget Amendment (Daniel Kolodny) Requested Action: Review and adopt the amended budget for FY 2021 by Resolution 2020-07. A MOTION WAS MADE BY CHRIS DZADOSKY, SECONDED BY AARON WATKINS, TO ADOPT THE AMENDED BUDGET FOR FY 2021 BY RESOLUTION 2020-07. THERE WAS NO PUBLIC COMMENT. MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. c. FY 2021 RFQ (Kathy Hill) Requested Action: Authorize staff to develop and issue two Requests for Qualifications and return recommendations to the Board at the February 2021 meeting. A MOTION WAS MADE BY DOUG BOURNIQUE, SECONDED BY BILLIE WHEELER, TO AUTHORIZE STAFF TO ISSUE TWO REQUESTS FOR QUALIFICATIONS AND RETURN RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AT THE FEBRUARY 2021 MEETING. MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. d. CCMP Documents: Strategy to Finance the CCMP (EPA concurrence document) and Climate Ready Estuary report (Duane De Freese) Requested Action: County review of concurrence documents with comments due by Jan. 8, 2021. Authorize staff to present drafts to EPA Region 4 for general and/or concurrence review as appropriate. BOARD CONCURRED REGARDING COUNTY REVIEW OF CONCURRENCE DOCUMENTS AND PRESENTATION OF DRAFT DOCUMENTS TO EPA REGION 4 FOR THEIR CONCURRENCE. NO FORMAL VOTE WAS TAKEN. e. IRL Council/ IRLNEP State and Federal Legislative Positions (Duane De Freese) Requested Action: Authorize the Executive Director to represent the IRL Council and IRLNEP in FY 2021 legislative issues and discussions. Duane De Freese reviewed the draft legislative issues document. Discussion focused on expanding items to include COVID CARES Act funding for counties to offset COVID- related expenses, potential funding for counties for septic conversions and wastewater infrastructure. A MOTION WAS MADE BY DOUG BOURNIQUE, SECONDED BY STACEY HETHERINGTON TO ACCEPT THE LEGISLATIVE DOCUMENT AND ADD THE ITEMS DISCUSSED AND AUTHORIZE THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TO REPRESENT THE IRL COUNCIL IN FY 2021 LEGISLATIVE ISSUES AND DISCUSSIONS. MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY.

f. FL Specialty License Plate (Duane De Freese)

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Requested Action: Authorize staff to work with the SJRWMD and Florida Legislature to transfer administrative oversight of the IRL Specialty License plate to the IRL Council. A MOTION WAS MADE BY DOUG BOURNIQUE, SECONDED BY CHRIS DZADOSKY TO AUTHORIZE STAFF TO WORK WITH SJRWMD AND THE FLORIDA LEGISLATURE TO TRANSFER ADMISTRATIVE OVERSIGHT OF THE IRL SPECIALTY LICENSE PLATE TO THE IRL COUNCIL. MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. g. Executive Director Annual Evaluation (Glen Torcivia) Requested Action: Accept Executive Director performance review presented by legal counsel. Glen Torcivia led discussion of the review of the Executive Director. Chris Dzadosky mentioned that diversity and social equity should be outreach priorities for the future. A MOTION WAS MADE BY DOUG BOURNIQUE, SECONDED BY STACEY HETHERINGTON, TO ACCEPT THE ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR. MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. Agenda Item 12. IRLNEP Executive Director Report: End of Year Presentation Duane De Freese reviewed progress during 2020 AND Susan Adams: stormwater project for Crane Creek: is it appropriate that other board members would be interested in having Duane send a letter of support for introduction to Governing Board? Crane Creek was one of the projects cited in the DEP/SJRWMD Stormwater Feasibility Study in 2015. A MOTION WAS MADE BY AARON WATKINS, SECONDED BY STACEY HETHERINGTON, TO REQUEST THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR TO SEND A LETTER IN SUPPORT OF THE CRANE CREEK PROJECT OF SJRWMD GOVERNING BOARD. MOTION CARRIED UNANIMOUSLY. Agenda Item 13. Council Member Reports Stacey Hetherington: Martin County negotiated a LOSUM performance indicator that includes impacts to nearshore reefs. NOAA, ORCA and HBOI, working with Martin County deployed a salinity meter on the nearshore reef. County is working to remove septic tanks in the county. They have received state funding and are employing innovative financing to move progress forward. Doug Bournique: Doug led a tour of SFWMD and SJRWMD lands to examine reconnecting the two water management districts in the upper basin. Approximately 180,000 diked area can use additional rainfall. Water that could be utilized and stored (150,000 – 200,00 acre- feet, or 6 inches on Lake Okeechobee) currently goes to tide at Taylor Creek in St. Lucie County. We have the ability to take that water north and filter it through the marshes that need more water. We have the capacity to hold that water. We can connect to the C-25 Canal. This could be a huge positive for the SJR Marsh and preventing pollution to the IRL.

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Aaron Watkins: Department has tackled many challenges with few impacts to service during COIVD. Nearly 30,000 regulatory authorizations, with no additional processing time, were done statewide. All inspections were completed on time. Department is implementing Clean Waterways act at the present time. Billie Wheeler: Announcement that Deb Denys was defeated in her election. She anticipates a change in membership for 2021. Curt Smith: No report. Libby Pigman: SFWMD has new daily updates on Lake O releases on their website. South Florida Environmental report is released and compiles data collected throughout the year. Public meeting on 4061 rule making on Nov. 17. Susan Adams: Wished everyone Happy Holidays. Agenda Item 14. Next Meeting: February 12, 2021 9:30am – 12:30pm City of Sebastian, Council Chambers 1225 Main Street, Sebastian, FL 32958

Agenda Item 15. Adjourn

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Members to Remove

Board/Committee Name County Reason Appointment Process Notes

Management Board Hutchcraft, Mitch Martin Inactive Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Littell, Mike (Finance) Martin Resigned Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Stratton, Thomas (Finance) Brevard Inactive Nomination and appointment by IRL Council

STEM Farrell, Chris (Ph.D.) FL Audubon Resigned Institutional nomination; appointment by IRL Council De Freese to follow up Cooper, Kevin (Ph.D.) IR State College Inactive Institutional nomination; appointment by IRL Council and bring nominations McGinnis, Dale (Ph.D.) EF State College Inactive Institutional nomination; appointment by IRL Council to May 2021 meeting. Woodall, Debra (Ph.D.) Daytona State College Resigned Institutional nomination; appointment by IRL Council

CAC Tripp, Katie Volusia Resigned Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Nancy Maddox Volusia Resigned Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Lopez, Samuel Brevard Deceased Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Urick, Jim Brevard Resigned Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Worman, Rich Brevard Inactive Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Jud, Zack Martin Resigned Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Lucas, Crystal Martin Moved Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Neeson, Jo Martin Inactive Nomination and appointment by IRL Council Ryan, Gayle Martin Inactive Nomination and appointment by IRL Council INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 10 -a Old Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: Climate -Ready Estuary Report

Requested Action: Signature

Requested Action: Board of Directors adopts the Climate Ready Estuary Report

Summary Explanation and Background:

Fiscal Impact:

None

Exhibits Attached:

Climate-Ready Estuary Report

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary January 2021

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Climate Ready Estuary Report was prepared by RWParkinson Consulting, Inc. and The Balmoral Group.

RWParkinson Consulting, Inc.

The work was funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) supplemental grants in fiscal years 2018 and 2019. The work was delivered in two phases, (1) risk-based vulnerability assessment and (2) Climate Ready Adaptation Plan, consistent with the USEPA Climate Ready Estuary process described in Being Prepared for Climate Change: A Workbook for Developing Risk-Based Adaptation Plans (2014). The work was merged into a single Climate Ready Estuary Report presented herein.

A significant amount of Indian River Lagoon (IRL) National Estuary Program (NEP) Management Conference and IRL scientific community consultation guided the development of this document. The IRLNEP extends a special thank you to:

• IRLNEP Management Conference and citizens for review and comments to the final draft plan. Special thanks to all the individuals mentioned in the report for providing guidance and shared insights. • Jennifer DiMaio, USEPA Region 4, for comments, federal insights, and edits.

IRLNEP Management Conference recommended that the IRL Council Board of Directors adopt the plan at the following regularly scheduled public meetings:

• The Science, Technology, Engineering and Modeling Advisory Committee recommended that the IRL Council Board of Directors adopt the plan on February X, 2021. • The IRLNEP Management Board recommended that the IRL Council Board of Directors adopt the plan on February X, 2021. • The Citizens Advisory Committee recommended that the IRL Council Board of Directors adopt the plan on February X, 2021.

The IRL Council Board of Directors adopted the IRL Climate Ready Estuary Report at its regularly scheduled public meeting held on February X, 2021.

i Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Indian River Lagoon (IRL) Climate Ready Estuary report follows the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) document Being Prepared for Climate Change: A Workbook for Developing Risk-Based Adaptation Plans (2014). Recommendations in this report focus heavily on the actions that can be taken today and over the next decade to protect IRL water quality and its natural functions. The IRL is an estuary system impacted by multiple stressors at different spatial and temporal scales. Action recommendations in this report have been aligned with the 32 Vital Signs of a healthy IRL, the foundation of the IRL Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan (CCMP) – Looking Ahead to 2030.

When five primary climate change stressors (temperature, precipitation, storminess, pH, and sea level rise) are evaluated across the 13 IRL Vital Signs associated with the One Lagoon portion of the Vital Sign wheel, 472 individual risks were identified. At some level, all the 32 Vital Signs and related action plan recommendations are expected to be impacted by these five stressors and their associated risks. To focus on actions that can occur within the 10-year CCMP framework, two stressors (temperature and pH) were placed into a second tier of risk considerations. Temperature exerts a profound influence on IRL biology and ecology. However, IRL National Estuary Program (NEP) actions to mitigate the impacts of global changes to temperature regimes are limited. Climate change impacts to pH conditions are most often associated with ocean acidification. While ocean acidification refers to the global change in ocean chemistry from atmospheric inputs of carbon dioxide, coastal acidification is driven by changes in water chemistry from freshwater river inputs, excess nutrient runoff (e.g. nitrogen and organic carbon) from land, lifecycle impacts from algal blooms, and hydrogen sulfide production from muck sediments. The ability of the IRL to cope with acidification is influenced primarily by local stressors. By reducing or removing local stresses, estuaries may be more resilient to global ocean acidification.

Results of the risk-based vulnerability assessment indicate future risks to water quality from climate change can be mitigated most effectively by decreasing nutrient and pollutant loads at the source (i.e. wastewater treatment plants, onsite sewage treatment and disposal systems (septic systems), and surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure. Nine adaption actions are recommended. If successfully implemented, it is estimated that these could reduce risks caused by climate change by 50%. The mitigating benefits of these actions are expected to cascade into other IRL elements, such as living resources and habitats. The results and recommendations of this investigation are novel because they are based upon site-specific data and anticipated risks prioritized using a repeatable and defensible methodology. The development of this report was informed by extensive involvement of IRLNEP Management Conference members and stakeholders with a focus on providing guidance to resource practitioners and IRL communities.

Climate change and sea level rise present serious threats to Florida’s estuaries, coastal communities, and economy. Reducing those threats provides opportunities to rebuild old and inadequate infrastructure, build new infrastructure to support sustainable 21st century economic growth, and protect vulnerable coastal communities. Enhancing coastal resilience in the IRL watershed will require science-based planning, innovative thinking, challenging policy decisions, and a long-term stewardship commitment. Success will require a substantial increase in funding dedicated to wastewater and stormwater infrastructure improvements throughout the watershed. These investments will provide IRL ecological benefits and confer resilience to IRL human communities vulnerable to storms, flooding, and sea level rise. Strengthened collaboration between local, state, and federal programs is necessary to enhance the probability of successful. The goal is to reduce future climate-related water quality impairments and facilitate the emergence of a more resilient, climate-ready estuary.

i Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ...... vi Introduction ...... 1 The National Estuary Program ...... 1 The Indian River Lagoon ...... 3 Climate Ready Estuaries...... 3 This Project ...... 5 Risk-based Vulnerability Assessment ...... 6 Step 1. Communication and Consultation ...... 6 Stakeholder Outreach ...... 6 Real-time Polling ...... 6 Step 2. Establishing the Context ...... 7 IRLNEP Program Vulnerability ...... 7 Other Vulnerability Assessments Within the IRL Watershed ...... 8 Step 3. Risk Identification ...... 9 Historical Condition ...... 10 Projected Future Condition ...... 15 Summary of Risks ...... 21 Step 4. Risk Analysis ...... 22 Warmer Temperatures ...... 22 Changes in Precipitation ...... 22 Increasing Storminess ...... 23 Acidification ...... 23 Sea Level Rise ...... 23 Step 5. Risk Evaluation and Comparison ...... 42 Risks to Sediment and Water Quality Goal and Objectives ...... 42 Risks to Natural Resource Goal and Objectives ...... 43 Risks to Stakeholder Engagement Goal and Objectives ...... 43 Discussion ...... 47 One Lagoon Adaptation Plan ...... 50 Step 6. Establishing the Context ...... 50 Step 7. Deciding on a Course ...... 50 Steps 8a and 8b. Finding and Selecting Adaptation Actions ...... 69 Step 9. Preparing an Action Plan ...... 70 Step 10. Monitoring and Review ...... 70 References ...... 73 Appendix A. Risk Identification ...... 76 Appendix B. Risk Evaluation ...... 89 Appendix C. Results of Real-Time Polling ...... 107 Appendix D. Organizational Network of RAP and BMAP Partners in the IRL Watershed ...... 121

ii Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Appendix E. Climate Ready Estuary Action Plan (update to the IRL CCMP – Looking Ahead to 2030) ...... 123

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. National Estuary Program locations ...... 1 Figure 2. Indian River Lagoon watershed ...... 2 Figure 3. Ten step process described in USEPA Workbook ...... 4 Figure 4. CCMP Vital Signs wheel ...... 9 Figure 5. Observed annual average temperatures for IRL watershed counties (1895–2017) ...... 11 Figure 6. Florida observed number of nights above 75°F during 5-year periods from 1900–2014 ...... 11 Figure 7. Annual and seasonal percent change in rainfall amounts in Florida: recent period (1986–2015) minus early 20th century (1901–1960) ...... 12 Figure 8. Regional increases (from 1948–2015) in daily rainfall totals (inches) of a 20-year storm event ... 13 Figure 9. Changes between 1985–2014 and 1955–1984 in numbers of extreme daily rain events ...... 13 Figure 10. Florida landfalling hurricanes, totals in 5-year increments, 1900–2017 ...... 14 Figure 11. Fernandina Beach, Florida, 1896–2017 anomalies in local sea level (inches) ...... 15 Figure 12. Observed and projected changes in Florida temperatures compared to 1901–1960 average ...... 16 Figure 13. Simulated differences in annual and seasonal precipitation (%) by mid-century relative to reference period 1971–2000 ...... 17 Figure 14. Projected changes in the 20-year return period daily rainfall amount mid-century (left) and late- 21st century (right) under lower and higher carbon dioxide emission scenarios ...... 18 Figure 15. Increasing hurricane power is forecast to accompany climate change throughout this century .. 19 Figure 16. Ocean acidification is projected to increase towards the end of this century ...... 19 Figure 17. Sea level rise projections through 2100 based upon NOAA and USACE modeling ...... 20 Figure 18. Sea level rise inter-annual trend of 2 centimeters per year between 2010 and 2016 ...... 21 Figure 19. Monthly average sea level record at Mayport, Florida...... 21 Figure 20. Magnitude of risk to sediment and water quality goals caused by five climate change stressors . 42 Figure 21. Magnitude of risk to natural resource goals caused by five climate change stressors ...... 43 Figure 22. Magnitude of risk to stakeholder engagement goals caused by five climate change stressors ...... 44 Figure 23. Comparison between project team and stakeholder risk priorities from real-time polling ...... 47 Figure 26. Comparison between project team and stakeholder climate stressor priorities from real-time polling ...... 48 Figure 29. Integrated delivery system for a climate ready Indian River Lagoon ...... 72 Figure C-1. Targets for management actions – sediment and water quality ...... 107 Figure C-2. Most important targets by county – sediment and water quality ...... 108 Figure C-3. Spatial extent of impacts of chosen management targets – sediment and water quality ...... 108 Figure C-4. Timing of impacts of chosen management targets – sediment and water quality ...... 109 Figure C-5. Perception of costs of chosen management targets – sediment and water quality ...... 109 Figure C-6. Potential climate stressors – sediment and water quality ...... 110 Figure C-7. Potential climate stressors by county – sediment and water quality ...... 110 Figure C-8. Likelihood climate stressor will occur – sediment and water quality ...... 111 Figure C-9. Consequences of climate stressor – sediment and water quality ...... 111

iii Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Figure C-10. Targets for management practices – natural resources...... 112 Figure C-11. Most important target by county – natural resources ...... 112 Figure C-12. Spatial extent of impacts of chosen management targets – natural resources ...... 113 Figure C-13. Timing of impacts of chosen management targets – natural resources ...... 113 Figure C-14. Perception of costs of chosen management targets – natural resources ...... 114 Figure C-15. Potential climate stressors – natural resources ...... 114 Figure C-16. Potential climate stressors by county – natural resources ...... 115 Figure C-17. Likelihood climate stressor will occur – natural resources ...... 115 Figure C-18. Consequences of a climate stressor – natural resources ...... 116 Figure C-19. Targets for management practices – stakeholder engagement ...... 116 Figure C-20. Most important target by county – stakeholder engagement...... 117 Figure C-21. Spatial extent of impacts of chosen management targets – stakeholder engagement ...... 117 Figure C-22. Timing of impacts of chosen management targets – stakeholder engagement ...... 118 Figure C-23. Perception of costs of chosen management targets – stakeholder engagement ...... 118 Figure C-24. Potential climate stressors – stakeholder engagement ...... 119 Figure C-25. Potential climate stressors by county – stakeholder engagement ...... 119 Figure C-26. Likelihood climate stressor will occur – stakeholder engagement ...... 120 Figure C-27. Consequences of a climate stressor – stakeholder engagement ...... 120

LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Completion date of most recent CCMP, Climate Ready Estuaries Risk-Based Vulnerability Assessment, and Action Plan ...... 4 Table 2. Stakeholders interviewed throughout duration of project ...... 6 Table 3. Summary of stakeholder meeting outreach activities ...... 7 Table 4. Risk assessment of 2008 CCMP goals and action plans to climate change ...... 7 Table 5. Number of potential risks to IRL management goals posed by five climate change stressors ...... 21 Table 6. Risk analysis scoring matrix ...... 22 Table 7. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by warmer temperatures ...... 24 Table 8. Risks to natural resources caused by warmer temperatures ...... 25 Table 9. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by warmer temperatures ...... 27 Table 10. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by changes in precipitation ...... 28 Table 11. Risks to natural resources caused by changes in precipitation ...... 29 Table 12. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by changes in precipitation ...... 31 Table 13. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by increasing storminess ...... 32 Table 14. Risks to natural resources caused by increasing storminess...... 34 Table 15. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by increasing storminess ...... 36 Table 16. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by acidification ...... 36 Table 17. Risks to natural resources caused by acidification ...... 37 Table 18. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by increasing acidification ...... 37 Table 19. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by sea level rise ...... 38

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Table 20. Risks to natural resources caused by sea level rise ...... 39 Table 21. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by sea level rise ...... 41 Table 22. Prioritization of risks to IRLNEP management goals and objectives caused by climate change ..... 45 Table 23. Key to Figure 23 ...... 47 Table 24. Key to Figure 26 ...... 49 Table 25. Identification of potential partners to address risks as identified in the revised CCMP ...... 51 Table 26. Partner key ...... 55 Table 27. Prioritize risks and likely management options: water quality ...... 56 Table 28. Prioritize risks and likely management options: habitat quality ...... 59 Table 29. Prioritize risks and likely management options: living resources ...... 61 Table 30. Prioritize risks and likely management options: healthy communities ...... 66 Table 31. Prioritize risks and likely management options: communicate, collaborate, coordinate ...... 67 Table 32. Number and level of risks to IRL Vital Signs most at risk to five climate change stressors ...... 69 Table 33. Nine adaptation actions identified to reduce risk to IRLNEP caused by predominant climate change stressors ...... 70

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BMAP Basin Management Action Plan CCMP Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan DO Dissolved Oxygen IRL Indian River Lagoon ISO International Organization for Standardization NEP National Estuary Program NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OSTDS Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal System (septic systems) RAP Reasonable Assurance Plan SOSC Species of Special Concern TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

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INTRODUCTION The National Estuary Program The National Estuary Program (NEP) is a non-regulatory program established by the U.S. Congress and administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The NEP was authorized by Section 320 of the Clean Water Act in 1987. Each estuary in the NEP was designated by the U.S. Congress as an “Estuary of National Significance.” Today, 28 estuaries located along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts and in Puerto Rico have been designated as estuaries of national significance (Figure 1).

Figure 1. National Estuary Program locations

NEPs reside in a variety of institutional settings, including state and local agencies, universities, and individual nonprofits. In overseeing and managing the national program, USEPA provides annual funding, national guidance, and technical assistance to the local NEPs. A hallmark characteristic of the NEP is the authority to convene a “Management Conference” of scientists, resource managers, community leaders, citizens, and other estuary stakeholders. This unique network governance structure gives local partners a voice in the decision-making process. NEPs involve and coordinate among stakeholders at all levels— federal, state, county, city, and citizen—to ensure that local issues are managed by bringing all stakeholders to the table to work out solutions that are consensus-driven and based on the best available scientific knowledge. The 28 NEPs develop and implement Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plans (CCMPs), which are long-term plans that contain actions to address challenges and priorities related to water quality and living resources. Work is focused within a study area that includes the estuary and its watershed. NEP challenges and priorities are defined by local, city, state, federal, private, and non-profit stakeholders. The NEP is a collaborative, effective, efficient, and adaptable coastal ecosystem-based network. With more than 30 years of experience implementing key provisions of the Clean Water Act, the NEP is the nation’s principal watershed program—one that offers a viable, effective method for protecting and managing all types of estuaries and their watersheds.

The Indian River Lagoon (IRL) (Figure 2) was designated an “Estuary of National Significance” by Congress in 1990, providing the catalyst for the creation of the IRLNEP. The first CCMP was adopted in 1996 and

1 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 revised in 2008. From 1991 to 2015, the St. Johns River Water Management District served as the host agency for the IRLNEP. Today, the IRLNEP is hosted by the IRL Council, an independent special district of the state of Florida pursuant to an Interlocal Agreement (2015) signed by Volusia County, Brevard County, Indian River County, St. Lucie County, Martin County, St. Johns River Water Management District, South Florida Water Management District, and Florida Department of Environmental Protection. In 2019, the USEPA certified and the IRL Council adopted a revised CCMP. The IRL CCMP – Looking Ahead to 2030 was adopted with unanimous support of the IRLNEP Management Conference. A revised IRLNEP planning boundary is included in the new CCMP that extends north 25 miles (40 kilometers) into the Halifax River.

Figure 2. Indian River Lagoon watershed

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The Indian River Lagoon An estuary is a coastal waterbody where freshwater tributaries (rivers and streams) meet the waters of the sea. It is this subtle, but important mixing of fresh and salt waters that make estuaries the most productive and fragile coastal ecosystems in the world. A lagoon is a special type of estuary that is oriented parallel to the coast and characterized by shallow coastal waters with restricted, but free, exchange with the adjacent open ocean. The IRL is a microtidal system that has limited exchange with the ocean through five inlets (Ponce de Leon, Sebastian, Fort Pierce, St. Lucie, and Jupiter). Port Canaveral connects the ocean to the lagoon through an engineered lock system that is used specifically for access by maritime vessels.

The small tidal range on the east coast of Florida limits exchange between the ocean and the IRL system. In fact, most of the water circulation in the IRL is wind-driven. Because of the long residence time in portions of the IRL system and restrictions from land-based development (i.e., causeways, wetland alterations, and past construction practice) in some compartments, the IRL is vulnerable to nutrient and pollutant loadings from the watershed. Inputs from the watershed have increased during the past few decades, causing a decline in water quality and changes to the ecological and biological integrity of the ecosystem.

The IRL system is composed of three distinct and connected estuaries: Indian River, Banana River, and Mosquito lagoons. The IRL system extends 156 miles from Ponce de Leon Inlet to Jupiter Inlet. It spans three climate zones, from temperate to subtropical to tropical. It encompasses almost 40% of the east coast of Florida and connects five counties (plus portions of two additional counties, Palm Beach and Okeechobee), 38 incorporated cities, and approximately 1.6 million residents. The lagoon watershed covers 2,284 square miles and the lagoon’s waters span 353 square miles.

At the request of the Volusia County Council (Resolution 2015-133) and with support from the IRL Council (Resolution 2015-04), the IRLNEP considered an IRL-Halifax River boundary amendment, which was accepted on November 18, 2016. The addition extended the IRLNEP planning boundary by approximately 25 miles northward into the Halifax River and incorporated an additional 198,678 acres of watershed, including six of Volusia County’s 16 drainage basins (Figure 2). The amended boundary acknowledged the benefits of considering connected waters and watersheds in a broad, holistic, and regional approach to ecosystem-based management. The amended boundary provides unique opportunities to monitor and track long-term ecological changes driven by climate change along north-south latitudinal gradients that span the sub-tropical Caribbean Province and the temperate Carolinian Province.

Climate Ready Estuaries The Earth’s climate is changing. Temperatures are rising, snow and rainfall patterns are shifting, and more extreme climate events—like heavy rainstorms and record-high temperatures—are already taking place. Scientists are highly confident that many of these observed changes are linked to the rising levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in our atmosphere as a consequence of human activities. In 2008, the Climate Ready Estuaries program was established as a partnership between the USEPA and the NEPs to address climate change in coastal areas. This effort is building additional capacity in coastal communities as they prepare to adapt to the effects of climate change. The Climate Ready Estuaries mission is to support NEPs and their coastal communities in becoming “climate ready” by providing tools and assistance to:

• Assess climate change vulnerabilities • Engage and educate stakeholders • Develop and implement adaptation strategies • Share lessons learned with other coastal managers

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By 2011, only a few NEPs had undertaken efforts to become climate ready. Therefore, in 2014, USEPA published a "Workbook" (USEPA 2014) to assist organizations that manage NEPs to prepare a broad, risk- based climate ready adaptation plan. The Workbook used the risk management process in an international standard (International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 31000—Risk Management) and tailored it to respond to the practices and norms of the climate change community. Specifically, the ISO methodology, which is conceived as a start-to-finish application of a risk management process, was modified to accommodate a two-part process consisting of (1) a standalone vulnerability assessment, followed (either immediately or after a period of time) by (2) an action plan. When faced with many discrete risks, NEP managers and their programs benefit from a process that will help them prioritize stressors that should receive attention and decide on how to mitigate them. Each place-based organization’s vulnerability assessment and action plan will be unique: the risk management process and this Workbook embrace that philosophy. In 2020, nine NEPs—including the IRLNEP—have undertaken vulnerability assessments following workbook guidelines (Figure 3). One program has completed an action plan (Table 1).

Figure 3. Ten step process described in USEPA Workbook

Table 1. Completion date of most recent CCMP, Climate Ready Estuaries Risk-Based Vulnerability Assessment, and Action Plan Location CCMP Vulnerability Assessment Action Plan Casco Bay 2016 2017 Not applicable Charlotte Harbor 2013 2018 Not applicable Indian River Lagoon 2019 2018 Not applicable

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Location CCMP Vulnerability Assessment Action Plan Lower Columbia Estuary 2011 2017 Not applicable Morro Bay 2012 2016 Not applicable San Juan Bay 2005 2013 2015 Santa Monica Bay 2013 2016 Not applicable Sarasota Bay 2017 2017 Not applicable Tampa Bay 2017 2017 Not applicable This Project This project was undertaken in two phases. Phase I was designed to complete part 1 of the Workbook; a risk-based vulnerability assessment of the IRLNEP’s mission to the risks associated with climate change stressors. This was achieved by completion of the first five steps:

1. Step 1: Communication and consultation – identify key stakeholders and prepare a schedule for stakeholder involvement. 2. Step 2: Establishing the context – compile list of organizational goals and associated Action Plans (IRLNEP 2008) that are susceptible to climate change. 3. Step 3: Risk identification – create a broad list of climate change risks that might impact the ability of the IRLNEP to achieve its goals. 4. Step 4: Risk analysis – make an initial, high-level determination of the consequence, likelihood, spatial scale, and timeline of the impacts. 5. Step 5: Risk evaluation and comparison – develop a consequence/probability matrix prioritizing risks most likely to impact the goals and objectives (also known as Action Plans) of the IRLNEP. In Phase II, a suite of risk-reducing (also known as resilience enhancing) adaptation actions and plans, formatted to facilitate seamless integration into the ongoing CCMP revision process, were identified. Phase II addressed Steps 6–9:

6. Step 6: Establishing the context – identify potential partners to address risks identified in Phase I. 7. Step 7: Deciding on a course – prioritize risks and likely management strategies. 8. Steps 8a and 8b: Finding and selecting adaptation actions – ranking of adaptation actions to reduce priority risks. 9. Step 9: Preparing an action plan – implement adaption actions. 10. Step 10: Monitoring and review – develop protocol to monitor and review plan effectiveness. This document includes the results of both phases of the project.

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RISK-BASED VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT Step 1. Communication and Consultation Stakeholder Outreach One objective of Step 1 was to identify key stakeholders and learn their particular interests or concerns about climate change risks to the IRL. Table 2 lists key stakeholders interviewed throughout the duration of this project. Stakeholder input was also acquired during technical meetings and the question and answer sessions that followed scheduled presentations made by members of the project team (Table 3).

Real-time Polling Feedback from stakeholders was collected using real-time polling at several stakeholder engagement meetings. As with stakeholder outreach, the purpose of this polling was to quantify stakeholder perceptions regarding the risk of climate change stressors on the IRL and IRLNEP management goals. Stakeholder responses are summarized in Appendix C. Results of Real-Time Polling and evaluated with regards to the findings of the project in the Discussion section of this report.

Table 2. Stakeholders interviewed throughout duration of project Stakeholder Outreach Affiliation Topic Florida Department of Environmental Protection – IRL Arpayoglou, Irene Spoil Islands Aquatic Preserves Barile, Peter Environmental Consultant Nutrients Beal, Jeff East-Central Estuarine Restoration Team Natural Resources Bell, Lexie Morro Bay NEP Bohlan, Curtis Casco Bay NEP Burke, Mya Tampa Bay NEP Busha, Michael Treasure Coast Regional Planning Council Planning Corbett, Catherine Lower Columbia Estuary NEP Craghan, Michael USEPA General Creswell, R Florida Sea Grant Climate Stressors Crosley, Mark Florida Inland Navigation District Spoil Islands Culver, Matt Brevard County Boating and Waterways Encomio, Vincent Florida Oceanographic Society Climate Stressors Evans, Jason Stetson University General Gubles, Anthony Brevard County Wastewater Hevia, Allison Charlotte Harbor NEP Ilami, Fara Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Living Shorelines Johnston, Karina Santa Monica Bay NEP LaMartina, Kathy South Florida Water Management District Surface Water Lindeman, Ken Florida Institute of Technology General Total Maximum Daily Loads Listopad, Claudia Environmental Consultant (TMDLs) Lunt, Jessica Smithsonian Marine Station Climate Stressors McClure, Bach Brevard County Stormwater McCue, Tara East Central Florida Regional Planning Council Planning McGee, Darcie Brevard County General Middlebrook, Mike St. Lucie County Natural Resources Otega, Jorge San Juan Bay NEP Roddenberry, Annie Northeast Florida Estuarine Restoration Team Natural Resources Ruppert, Thomas Florida Sea Grant Legal Schaefer, Adam Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute Biotoxins Shafer, Dave Sarasota Bay NEP

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Stakeholder Outreach Affiliation Topic Smith, Brandon Brevard County Save Our IRL Program Souto, Leesa Marine Resources Council Natural Resources Spratt, Robbyn Brevard County Stormwater Traylor, Aaron City of Melbourne Wastewater Trefry, John Florida Institute of Technology Muck Weaver, Robert Indian River Lagoon Research Institute Natural Resources Winston, Keith Brevard Zoo Living Shorelines Zierden, David Florida State Climatologist Climate Trends Zimmerman, Janet Florida Inland Navigation District Spoil Islands

Table 3. Summary of stakeholder meeting outreach activities Presentation Real-time Organization (#) polling IRL Council Science, Technology, Engineering, and Modeling Advisory Committee 2 2 IRL Council Management Board 1 1 Northeast Estuarine Restoration Team 2 1 East Central Estuarine Restoration Team 2 1

Step 2. Establishing the Context IRLNEP Program Vulnerability The objective of this step was to identify IRLNEP organizational goals and CCMP Action Plans at risk to climate change stressors. To complete this step, the project team completed a review of the IRL 2008 CCMP (IRLNEP 2008) and those available from other NEP programs that have completed or were conducting a vulnerability assessment (Table 1). What was clear from that review is all other programs undertook the vulnerability assessment based upon a relatively recent version of their CCMP. As a consequence, their organizational Goals and associated Action Plans were written with a clear understanding of the risks posed by climate change stressors.

In contrast, the Goals and Action Plans contained in the IRL 2008 CCMP did not acknowledge the breadth and scope of risks posed by future climate. Of the 85 Action Plans, 25 may be at risk, 21 possibly at risk, and 39 not at risk to climate change (Table 4). In consultation with the IRL Council staff and IRLNEP Management Conference, it was agreed moving forward with Step 3 would not be constrained by the old 2008 CCMP guidance. As the Climate Ready Estuary process moved forward, consideration was given to the CCMP revision in development and to ensure that final action recommendations of the Climate Ready Estuary report was in alignment with the 2019 revised CCMP that was certified by the USEPA and adopted by the IRL Council.

Table 4. Risk assessment of 2008 CCMP goals and action plans to climate change Goal – Action Plan Yes Possibly No 1 – Water and Sediment Quality Improvements - - - Point Source Discharge 0 0 5 Onsite Sewage Treatment 0 2 1 Fresh and Storm Water Discharges 2 7 4 Marina and Boat Impacts 0 4 3 Atmospheric Deposition 1 0 0 TMDLs 1 0 2 Sum 4 13 15 2 – Living Resources - - - Biodiversity 1 1 1

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Goal – Action Plan Yes Possibly No Seagrass 1 0 0 Wetlands 6 1 1 Impounded Marsh Restoration and Management 0 0 0 Land Acquisition and Protection 0 2 2 Endangered and Threatened Species 3 1 1 Fisheries 3 0 0 Biotoxins and Health 1 2 0 Climate Change 3 0 0 Invasive Fauna and Flora 1 1 2 Sum 19 8 7 3 – Public and Government Support and Involvement - - - Public Involvement and Education 1 0 3 IRL CCMP Implementation 0 0 2 Data and Information Management Strategy 0 0 3 Monitoring 1 0 2 IRL Scientific Research 0 0 3 Environmental Incident Assessment and Response 0 0 3 Sum 2 0 16 4 – Financing IRL CCMP Implementation - - - Economic Analysis 0 0 1 Sum 0 0 1 Sum (85 total action plans) 25 21 39 Source: RWParkinson Consulting Work Product 2018.

Other Vulnerability Assessments Within the IRL Watershed This vulnerability assessment focused on the potential effects of climate change on natural resources within the IRL watershed. However, there are numerous vulnerability assessments that have been conducted on the urban landscape or "built environment" within the IRL watershed. These include:

• “Space Coast Transportation Planning Organization Sea Level Rise Vulnerability Assessment.” Prepared by the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council on behalf of Brevard County in 2018. This vulnerability assessment identified all transportation infrastructure (roads, railways, airports, and other critical transit facilities) likely to be affected by sea level rise. The focus was on flooding and the results can be used to develop adaptation strategies and to seek federal funding to support adaptation actions. • “Brevard County Emergency Management – Hazard Summaries.” Prepared by Brevard County Emergency Management in 2016. This hazard assessment provides a concise description of impacts from 21 different hazards, including tropical storms, sea level rise, drought, and wildfires. The assessment includes a list of hazards categorized into seven impact groups: public and responders, continuity of operations, property/facilities/infrastructure, delivery of services, public confidence in government, economic condition, and the environment. • “City of Satellite Beach Sustainability Action Plan.” Prepared by the Florida Institute of Technology in 2017. This plan identifies stressors and recommendations for each of five broad categories: built environment, land and water systems, energy and transportation networks, community outreach, and quality of life. • “Resilient Volusia County.” Prepared by the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council in 2017. This assessment estimated impacts to critical assets from sea level rise and storm surge. One of the recommendations was for cities in Volusia County to be compliant with Florida Senate Bill 1094, by incorporating sea level rise in plans for development and redevelopment. Water quality and ecosystems assets were considered.

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• “East Central Florida Regional Resiliency Action Plan (2018).” This project, was coordinated by the East Central Florida Regional Planning Council, to improve coordination, communication, and teamwork among local and regional governments that are located along Florida's central Atlantic coastline.

Step 3. Risk Identification The objective of this step was to create a broad list of risks to the IRL and IRLNEP caused by climate change stressors. To complete this step, the first task was to identify specific climate change stressors that are likely to affect the IRL CCMP goals, Vital Signs, and action plans. The second task was to evaluate the potential consequences (risks) of these stressors on each CCMP Vital Sign and action plan. As noted previously, it was agreed that Step 3 would not be constrained by the limitations of the old 2008 CCMP. Rather, consideration would also be given to new organizational goals, Vital Signs, and/or related Action Plans identified during the 2008 CCMP revision process. The heart of the IRL CCMP – Looking Ahead to 2030 adopted in 2019 was a IRL Vital Signs wheel that graphically illustrates the key Vital Signs for ecosystem health (Figure 4).

Figure 4. CCMP Vital Signs wheel Based upon an evaluation of other Risk-based Vulnerability Assessments conducted in NEPs located within and beyond the state of Florida (Table 1), stakeholder input, literature review (Chassignet et al. 2017), and

9 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 the experience and expertise of project members, five climate changes stressors were identified as relevant to IRLNEP:

• Warmer temperatures – Warmer temperatures are one of the most direct signs that the climate is changing. Concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases are increasing in the Earth’s atmosphere. In response, average temperatures at the Earth’s surface are increasing and are expected to continue rising. • Changes in precipitation – As average temperatures at the Earth’s surface rise more evaporation occurs, which in turn can locally increase or decrease rainfall rates and duration. Therefore, a warming climate is expected to change precipitation patterns in many areas. • Increasing storminess – Climate change is expected to enhance storminess by increasing sea surface temperatures, a key factor that influences their formation and behavior. • Acidification – As the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, so too does it increase in the ocean via absorption. Rising levels of carbon dioxide dissolved in the ocean negatively affect some marine life, because carbon dioxide reacts with sea water to produce carbonic acid. This lowers the pH of seawater, making it more acidic. Rapidly advancing scientific knowledge highlighted the need to clarify subtle, but important differences between ocean acidification (the global change in ocean chemistry from atmospheric inputs of carbon dioxide) versus coastal acidification (local changes in water chemistry driven by freshwater river inputs and excess nutrient run-off (e.g. nitrogen and organic carbon) from land). • Sea level rise – As the earth absorbs more heat, ice melts and the oceans warm. The addition of melting water and thermal expansion of ocean water causes sea level to rise.

The basis of this selection is further demonstrated in the following sections, which describe both historical and future conditions that have and are likely to continue putting assets of the IRL at risk to climate change.

Historical Condition Changes in water and air temperatures, rainfall, storminess, coastal water pH (also known as coastal acidification), and sea level have been occurring in the IRL region in recent decades. The following five sections provide information about how these environmental variables have changed. The most recent (4th iteration) of the National Climate Assessment from the United States Global Change Research Program (2017) was used extensively to assess historical climate trends in Florida. Where more local information was needed, figures were adapted or developed from raw data.

Warmer Temperatures At 156 miles, the length of the IRL encompasses several regions with distinct climatological characteristics. Temperatures statewide increased approximately 1°F since the beginning of the 20th century (Runkle et al. 2017). This Florida statewide trend is similar to the increases in average temperatures in the five counties that border the IRL (Figure 5). While there has been no discernable daytime warming, the frequency of very warm nights (minimum temperature above 75°F) has risen sharply: the number of very warm nights during the first part of the 21st century has nearly doubled compared to the mid-20th century (1930–1954; see Figure 6; Runkle et al. 2017).

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Source: The Balmoral Group Work Product from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Divisional Database. Figure 5. Observed annual average temperatures for IRL watershed counties (1895–2017)

Source: Runkle et al. 2017 Figure 6. Florida observed number of nights above 75°F during 5-year periods from 1900–2014

The oceans have absorbed more than 90% of the heat associated with global atmospheric temperature increases. As a result, global sea surface temperatures have increased by about 1.3°F per century from 1900 to 2016 (Jewett and Romanou 2017).

Changes in Precipitation Florida has experienced below average precipitation during the last decade (Runkle et al. 2017). Seasonal

11 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 changes in the IRL watershed in recent decades indicate a tendency toward drier spring and fall conditions and increases in winter rainfall (Figure 7).

Changes in rainfall intensity may result in greater impacts to the IRL than changes in annual or seasonal totals, due to the potentially elevated sediment and pollutant loading resulting from extreme rain events. Historically, the number of high-intensity rain events (greater than 4 inches/day) in Florida has been highly variable; however, the highest number of days with more than 4 inches of rain occurred during the 2010–2014 period (Runkle et al. 2017). A study of regional changes in the daily rainfall amount associated with a 20-year storm found that in the southeastern United States, it had increased by about 0.4 inches since the middle of the 20th century (Kunkel et al. 2013; Figure 7). Similarly, rain-gauge stations in the IRL watershed show there has been a substantial increase in extreme rains (>6 inches/day) in the last 30 years compared to the previous 30-year period (Dourte et al. 2015; Figure 9). These observations suggest that high-intensity rain events are becoming more common.

Source: Easterling et al. 2017 Figure 7. Annual and seasonal percent change in rainfall amounts in Florida: recent period (1986– 2015) minus early 20th century (1901–1960)

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Source: Easterling et al. 2017 Figure 8. Regional increases (from 1948–2015) in daily rainfall totals (inches) of a 20-year storm event

Source: Dourte et al. 2015 Note: Station-specific data; light-color dots correspond to decreases and dark-color dots correspond to increases in extreme rain events (> 6 inches/day). Figure 9. Changes between 1985–2014 and 1955–1984 in numbers of extreme daily rain events

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Increasing Storminess Storms cause erosion and flooding; both of which can have deleterious effects on the IRL watershed. Numerical modeling and the underlying theory both suggest that tropical cyclone activity should increase with rising atmospheric temperature, resulting in tropical cyclones of greater intensity in wind speeds and rainfall. However, the number of hurricane events to strike Florida from 1900–2017 (Figure 10) has not changed substantially over the last century (Runkle et al. 2017).

Source: Adapted from Runkle et al. 2017, data from https://www.coast.noaa.gov/hurricanes/. Note: Category 1 to 5 hurricanes (blue); Category 3 to 5 hurricanes (gray). Figure 10. Florida landfalling hurricanes, totals in 5-year increments, 1900–2017

In addition to tropical storms, severe convective storms and winter storms are also important extreme events in Florida’s climate. Using tide gauges, one author determined that there has been a significant multi- decadal increase in the number of winter storms affecting the southeastern United States from the early to late 20th century (Thompson et al. 2013).

Coastal Acidification Acidification of coastal waters can place at risk some marine life; especially those species that depend upon calcified "hard parts" (i.e., shells). A recent study compared pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and salinity data from ten Florida estuaries from 1980 to 2008 (Robbins and Lisle 2018). Collectively, eight out of the 10 estuaries—including the IRL—exhibited increasing coastal acidification.

Sea Level Rise Global sea level has risen about 8 inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880s. This increase is consistent with Florida water level records, which have recorded an average annual increase of about 2 millimeters/year. However, more recent data, based on satellite altimetry indicates the global average increase in sea level elevation since the early 1990s is now more than 3.0 millimeters/year (Sweet et al. 2017). Records from the water level gauge at Fernandina Beach, Florida (Figure 11) indicate an increase in height of about 10 inches since from 1897; an average annual increase of 2.1 millimeters/year.

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Source: NOAA tide gauge at Fernandina Beach, FL – Station ID: 8720030 Note: Differences from the mean sea level datum for current tidal epoch (1983–2001). Figure 11. Fernandina Beach, Florida, 1896–2017 anomalies in local sea level (inches)

Recent research has also identified the IRL as part of a global hotspot (Cape Hatteras to Miami) where sea level rise accelerates in bursts that last three to five years. The University of Florida determined that seas in the region rose nearly 10 times faster than the long-term rate and between 2011 and 2015 seas rose in the southeastern U.S. by more than six times the global average (https://news.ufl.edu/articles/2017/08/east- coasts-rapidly-rising-seas-explained.html).

Projected Future Condition A summary of how each of the five climate stressors are forecast to change towards the end of the 21st century is described in the following sections. When possible, these are based upon regional assessments.

Warmer Temperatures Mean annual temperatures are projected to increase across the southeast United States throughout the balance of the 21st century (Runkle et al., 2017). By the end of the century, temperatures across peninsula Florida are projected to be between 2°F and 11°F warmer than the 1901–1960 average (Figure 12). The greatest warming is projected to take place during the summer months. Maximum temperatures exceeding 95°F are expected to increase across the southeast, with the greatest increases in the southern half of Florida. In addition, the number of consecutive days exceeding 95°F, a metric used as a measure of heat waves, is expected to increase by at least 97%. An increase in the number of warm nighttime temperatures is also projected. Minimum temperatures below 10°F are expected to decrease in frequency by mid- century. The length of the freeze-free season is expected to increase as well. The combined and most relevant effects all of the changes on the IRL will be warmer water temperatures during both the summer and winter months, which may exert significant stress on native estuarine and coastal taxa.

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Source: Runkle et al. 2017 Figure 12. Observed and projected changes in Florida temperatures compared to 1901–1960 average

Changes in Precipitation Precipitation is expected to increase by about 3% along the northern and central regions of the IRL as illustrated in Figure 13 (Kunkel et al. 2013). No change from historical rainfall to a decrease of 3% is predicted in the south IRL. High-intensity rain events are projected to increase in Florida in the future. For example, even under a lower emissions scenario, the mid-century (2036–2065) and late-century (2071– 2100) increases in the daily, 20-year rainfall amounts are projected to be 9% and 13%, respectively, in the southeast United States (Figure 14; Easterling et al. 2017). More frequent, high-intensity rainfall events will likely result in an increase in the flux of fresh water and associated pollutants into the IRL, exerting evermore stress on native estuarine and coastal taxa.

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Source: From Kunkel et al. 2013 using A2 (high) emissions scenario Figure 13. Simulated differences in annual and seasonal precipitation (%) by mid-century relative to reference period 1971–2000

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Source: Easterling et al. 2017 Figure 14. Projected changes in the 20-year return period daily rainfall amount mid-century (left) and late-21st century (right) under lower and higher carbon dioxide emission scenarios

Increasing Storminess Hurricanes (Figure 15), tropical storms, and other intense rotating storms are grouped into this climate stressor category. When these encounter land, their intense rains, high winds, and associated storm surge can cause severe flooding and destruction. Recent modeling suggests storminess will become more intense over the 21st century (USEPA 2016; Ingram et al. 2013; Knutson et al. 2010). The combined and most relevant effects of increased storminess on the IRL will be an increase in the flux of freshwater (rainfall), erosion (waves and currents), flooding (storm surge), and destruction (rainfall, wind, waves, currents, storm surge) during event conditions. This may exert significant stress on native estuarine and coastal taxa.

18 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Source: Modified from Knutson et al. 2010 Figure 15. Increasing hurricane power is forecast to accompany climate change throughout this century

Ocean and Coastal Acidification Carbon dioxide is predicted to increase throughout this century and so too is ocean acidity as illustrated in Figure 16 (USEPA 2018). The increase in acidity makes it more difficult for shellfish and other calcifying taxa to produce and maintain their shells or exoskeletons. Hence, acidification can lead to changes in marine ecosystems, including finfish and shellfish populations and the people who depend on them.

Source: Modified from USEPA 2018 Figure 16. Ocean acidification is projected to increase towards the end of this century

This global-scale change in ocean pH based on atmospheric carbon dioxide levels is made more complex in estuaries and nearshore coastal waters. The proximal driver for pH changes in most estuaries is coastal eutrophication. Coastal acidification caused by eutrophication, freshwater inflow, and upwelling is already affecting many estuaries worldwide and can be exacerbated by ocean acidification that is caused by increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Effective management, mitigation, and/or adaptation to the effects of coastal and ocean acidification require careful monitoring of the resulting changes in seawater chemistry. (Yates et al. 2019, Wallace et al. 2014).

19 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Sea Level Rise As the temperature of the Earth changes, so does sea level elevation. Temperature and sea level are linked for two main reasons. First, rising temperatures cause glaciers and ice sheets to melt. This increases the volume of water in the ocean, which causes its level to rise. Second, as water warms, it expands slightly, causing an increase in elevation of sea level. This leads to the inundation of low-lying areas, shoreline erosion, and salt water intrusion. Higher sea level also makes coastal infrastructure more vulnerable to damage from storms due to an increased likelihood of flooding from higher storm surges. The most recent sea level rise scenarios (Sweet et al. 2017; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [USACE] 2013) applicable to the IRL suggest it will reach elevations of between 5 feet and 8.5 feet by the end of this century (Figure 17). These changes may exert significant stress on native estuarine and coastal taxa.

Source: East Central Florida Reginal Planning Council 2018 Figure 17. Sea level rise projections through 2100 based upon NOAA and USACE modeling

In addition to average global sea level rise, the central east coast of Florida is impacted by seasonal variability and Gulf Stream impacts. Local and regional impacts of sea level rise need to be considered by resource managers and infrastructure planners concerned with building coastal resilience.

Figure 18 shows sea Level data filtered to demonstrate inter-annual trend of sea level rise of about than 2 centimeters per year between 2010 and 2016. Sea level rise is preceded and followed by periods of sea level fall (Zarillo 2020).

Figure 19 shows more than a 90-year monthly average sea level record at Mayport, Florida. The trend is about one foot of sea level rise per century. Seasonal variations, such as those cause by the Gulf Stream, are removed (Zarillo 2020).

20 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Figure 18. Sea level rise inter-annual trend of 2 centimeters per year between 2010 and 2016

Figure 19. Monthly average sea level record at Mayport, Florida

Summary of Risks Table 5 summarizes the risks identified during this step of the project. The risks poised to the IRL management goals (as proposed in the revised CCMP) by the five climate stressors total 154. A detailed description of how each stressor influences each management goal is contained in Appendix A. Risk Identification.

Table 5. Number of potential risks to IRL management goals posed by five climate change stressors Warmer Changes in Increasing Sea Level Goal Acidification Sum Temperature Precipitation Storminess Rise Sediment and Water Quality ------

21 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Warmer Changes in Increasing Sea Level Goal Acidification Sum Temperature Precipitation Storminess Rise Wastewater 1 1 1 1 1 5 Surface Water 3 1 1 1 2 8 Lagoon Hydrology 1 1 0 0 1 3 Marina and Boating Pollution 1 1 1 0 1 4 Atmospheric Deposition 1 1 1 0 0 3 Water Clarity 1 2 3 0 3 9 Dissolved Oxygen 3 2 3 0 2 10 Chlorophyll a 1 2 3 0 2 8 Legacy Nutrient Pollution 0 0 1 0 0 1 Sum 12 11 14 2 12 51 Natural Resources ------Biodiversity 3 3 3 1 3 13 Seagrass 4 3 3 1 2 13 Wetlands and Impounded Marshes 3 1 1 0 3 8 Rare, Threatened, Endangered 4 3 3 1 3 14 Species Fisheries 3 3 3 1 2 12 Biotoxins, Infectious Agents, etc. 1 2 2 1 2 8 Exotic and Invasive Species 2 3 2 0 2 9 Living Shorelines 1 1 1 1 1 5 Archeological Resources 1 1 1 1 1 4 Sum 22 20 19 7 19 87 Stakeholder Engagement ------Public Access 3 2 1 0 2 8 Public Education and Involvement 2 2 2 1 1 8 Sum 5 4 3 1 3 16 Grand Total 39 35 36 10 34 154

Step 4. Risk Analysis The objective of this step was to make an initial determination of the consequence, likelihood, spatial scale, and urgency of the risks posed to the goals of the IRLNEP by the five climate stressors. Each risk was scored from 1 (low) to 3 (high) as shown in Table 6.

Table 6. Risk analysis scoring matrix Consequence Spatial Extent of Impact Likelihood Time Horizon 1. Low (could adjust, life will 1. Site (bridge, 1. Low 1. > 10 years go on) stormwater outflow) 2. Medium 2. Place (wildlife refuge) 2. Medium 2. 5–10 years 3. High (catastrophic, major 3. High (very likely, 3. Already occurring 3. Region (watershed) disruption) predictable) or < 5 years

Warmer Temperatures Results of the risk analysis to IRL sediment and water quality caused by rising air and water temperatures are shown in Table 7. Results of the risk analysis to IRL natural resources caused by rising air and water temperatures are shown in Table 8. Results of the risk analysis to IRL stakeholder engagement caused by rising air and water temperatures are shown in Table 9.

Changes in Precipitation Results of the risk analysis to IRL sediment and water quality caused by changes in precipitation are shown in Table 10. Results of the risk analysis to IRL natural resources caused by changes in precipitation are shown in Table 11. Results of the risk analysis to IRL stakeholder engagement caused by changes in

22 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 precipitation are shown in Table 12.

Increasing Storminess Results of the risk analysis to IRL sediment and water quality caused by increasing storminess are shown in Table 13. Results of the risk analysis to IRL natural resources caused by increasing storminess are shown in Table 14. Results of the risk analysis to IRL stakeholder engagement caused by increasing storminess are shown in Table 15.

Acidification Results of the risk analysis to IRL sediment and water quality caused by increasing acidification are shown in Table 16. Results of the risk analysis to IRL natural resources caused by increasing acidification are shown in Table 17. Results of the risk analysis to IRL stakeholder engagement caused by increasing acidification are shown in Table 18.

Sea Level Rise Results of the risk analysis to IRL sediment and water quality caused by sea level rise are shown in Table 19. Results of the risk analysis to IRL natural resources caused by sea level rise are shown in Table 20. Results of the risk analysis to IRL stakeholder engagement caused by sea level rise are shown in Table 21.

23 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 7. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by warmer temperatures Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased pollutant loadings due to changes Wastewater in solubility and/or toxicity caused by 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate warmer temperature Increased pollutant loadings (urban, rural) Surface Water due to changes in solubility and/or toxicity 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate caused by warmer temperature Increased pollutant loadings due to increased use of chemical treatments in surface water storage and conveyance Surface Water 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate infrastructure to reduce more frequent algae blooms or expanding invasive plants caused by warmer temperature Increased pollutant loadings due to increased maintenance (cuttings, chemical Surface Water 2 2 2 2 8 Moderate applications) of greenspace caused by warmer temperature Lagoon Changes in thermohaline circulation due to 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Hydrology warmer temperature Increased pollutant loadings from site Marina and runoff due to changes in solubility and/or 1 1 1 2 5 Moderate Boat Pollution toxicity caused by warmer temperature Increased atmospheric deposition of Atmospheric nitrogen and other pollutants due to 1 2 3 2 8 Low Deposition increasing demand for electricity caused by warmer temperature Decreased clarity due to an increase in the Water Clarity growth rates and survival of algae and 2 3 3 2 10 High other taxa induced by warmer temperature Decreased DO solubility due to warmer DO 3 3 3 3 12 High temperature Decreased DO availability due to DO accelerated decomposition of organic 1 3 3 2 9 Moderate matter caused by warmer temperature Decreased DO availability due to more DO frequent algae blooms caused by warmer 3 3 3 3 12 High temperature Increased chlorophyll a concentration due Chlorophyll a to more frequent algae blooms caused by 3 3 3 3 12 High warmer temperature

24 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 8. Risks to natural resources caused by warmer temperatures Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased habitat and species disruption Biodiversity 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate due to warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption due to elevated pollutant loadings caused Biodiversity 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate by changes in solubility and/or toxicity induced by warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption due to elevated pollutant loadings in surface water storage and conveyance Biodiversity 2 2 2 2 8 Moderate infrastructure caused by caused by longer growing season induced by warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption Seagrass 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate due to warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loading caused Seagrass 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate by changes in solubility and/or toxicity induced by warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption due to elevated pollutant loadings from Seagrass surface water storage and conveyance 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate infrastructure caused by warmer temperature Change in carbon sequestration due to Seagrass habitat and species disruption caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate warmer temperature Wetlands and Increased habitat and species disruption Impounded 1 2 3 3 9 Moderate due to warmer temperature Marshes Wetlands and Increased habitat and species disruption Impounded 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate due to changes in evapotranspiration Marshes Wetlands and Change in carbon sequestration due to Impounded habitat and species disruption caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Marshes warmer temperature Rare, Threatened, Endangered, and Increased habitat and species disruption 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Species of Special due to warmer temperature Concern (SOSC)

25 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Rare, Threatened, Increased habitat and species disruption Endangered, and due to lower oxygen solubility caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate SOSC warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption Rare, Threatened, due to lower oxygen availability cause by Endangered, and 1 2 3 2 8 Low more frequent algae blooms induced by SOSC warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption Rare, Threatened, due to lower oxygen availability caused by Endangered, and accelerated growth and decay of invasive 1 2 3 2 8 Low SOSC plants within basin induced by warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption Fisheries 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate due to warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption Fisheries due to lower oxygen solubility caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate warmer temperature Increased habitat and species disruption due to lower oxygen availability cause by Fisheries 1 2 3 2 8 Low more frequent algae blooms induced by warmer temperature Toxins, Infectious Accelerated spread of existing or new Agents, and Other threats to ecosystem health due to warmer 2 2 3 2 9 Med Health Threats temperature Exotic and Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Invasive Species species due to warmer temperature Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive Exotic and species due to increased wildfires caused 1 2 2 2 7 Moderate Invasive Species by warmer temperature Increased habitat and species distribution Living Shorelines 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate due to warmer temperature Archeological Increased biological and chemical 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Resources degradation due to warmer temperature

26 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 9. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by warmer temperatures Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Decreased recreational activities due to Public Access 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate warmer temperature Decreased recreational activities due to accelerated spread of existing or new viral, Public Access 2 2 3 3 10 High bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections caused by warmer temperature Decreased recreational activities due to Public Access reduced water clarity caused by increased 2 2 3 2 9 Moderate pollutant loadings Public Education Decreased volunteer participation in 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate and Involvement activities due to warmer temperature Decreased volunteer participation in Public Education activities due to learned helplessness and 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate and Involvement self-efficacy issues

27 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 10. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by changes in precipitation Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased pollutant loadings from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and onsite sewage Wastewater 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate treatment and disposal systems (OSTDS) during high rainfall events Increased pollutant loadings from surface Surface Water water storage and conveyance infrastructure 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate during high rainfall events Changes in thermohaline circulation due to Lagoon polyline conditions caused by intervals of 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Hydrology higher rainfall and drought Increased pollutant loadings from site runoff Marina and Boat during high rainfall events, especially after 1 1 1 2 5 Moderate Pollution extended periods of drought Increased atmospheric deposition of nitrogen Atmospheric and other pollutants during high rainfall 1 2 3 2 8 Low Deposition events Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant Water Clarity loadings from WWTP during high rainfall 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate events Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and Water Clarity 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events Increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and DO 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate OSTDS high rainfall events Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage DO 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate and conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to Chlorophyll a increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate OSTDS during high rainfall events Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased pollutant loadings from surface Chlorophyll a 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate water storage and conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events Legacy Nutrients Not applicable ------

28 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 11. Risks to natural resources caused by changes in precipitation Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased habitat and species disruption due to polyhaline conditions caused by intervals of Biodiversity 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Increased habitat and species disruption due Biodiversity to increased pollutant loadings from WWTP 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate and OSTDS during high rainfall events Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface Biodiversity 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate water storage and conveyance infrastructure caused by high rainfall events Increased habitat and species disruption due to polyhaline conditions caused by intervals of Seagrass 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Increased habitat and species disruption due Seagrass to increased pollutant loadings from WWTP 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate and OSTDS during high rainfall events Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface Seagrass 2 3 2 2 9 High water storage and conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events Increased habitat and species disruption due Wetlands and to polyhaline conditions caused by intervals of Impounded 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate higher rainfall and extended periods of Marshes drought Rare, Increased habitat and species disruption due Threatened, to polyhaline conditions caused by intervals of 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Endangered, and higher rainfall and extended periods of SOSC drought Rare, Increased habitat and species disruption due Threatened, to increased pollutant loading from WWTP 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, and and OSTDS during high rainfall events SOSC Rare, Increased habitat and species disruption due Threatened, to increased pollutant loading from surface 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, and water storage and conveyance infrastructure SOSC during high rainfall events

29 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased habitat and species disruption due to polyhaline conditions caused by intervals of Fisheries 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Increased habitat and species disruption due Fisheries to increased pollutant loadings from WWTP 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate and OSTDS during high rainfall events Increased habitat and species disruption from Fisheries surface water storage and conveyance 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate infrastructure during high rainfall events Toxins, Infectious Accelerated spread of existing or new threats Agents, and to ecosystem health from WWTP and OSTDS 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Other Health during high rainfall events Threats Toxins, Accelerated spread of existing or new threats Infectious to ecosystem health from surface water Agents, and 2 1 3 2 8 High storage and conveyance infrastructure during Other Health high rainfall events Threats Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive Exotic and species due to polyhaline conditions caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Invasive Species intervals of higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive Exotic and species from WWTP and OSTDS during high 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Invasive Species rainfall events Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive Exotic and species from surface water storage and 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Invasive Species conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events Increased habitat and species distribution due Living to polyhaline conditions caused by intervals of 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Shorelines higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Archeological Increased chemical degradation due to higher 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Resources rainfall

30 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 12. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by changes in precipitation Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Decreased recreational activities due to Public Access 1 1 3 2 7 Low increased number of high rainfall events Decreased recreational activities due to increased habitat and species disruption due Public Access to polyhaline conditions caused by intervals of 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Decreased volunteer participation in activities Public Education due to increased number of high rainfall 1 1 3 2 7 Low and Involvement events Decreased volunteer participation in activities Public Education due to learned helplessness and self-efficacy 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate and Involvement issues

31 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 13. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by increasing storminess Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and Wastewater OSTDS due to more frequent and intense 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate storm events Increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure Surface Water 2 3 2 3 10 High caused by more frequent and intense storm events Lagoon Not applicable ------Hydrology Increased pollutant loadings from access Marina and Boat facilities and associated infrastructure due to 1 2 1 2 6 High Pollution increased coastal erosion caused by more frequent and intense storm events Increased atmospheric deposition of nitrogen Atmospheric and other pollutants due to more frequent and 1 2 3 2 8 Low Deposition intense storm events Decreased clarity due to erosion of seabed and Water Clarity shoreline caused by more frequent and 1 2 2 2 7 High intense storm events Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant Water Clarity loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during more 2 3 2 3 10 High frequent and intense storm events Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and Water Clarity 2 3 2 3 10 High conveyance infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events Decreased DO availability due to erosion of DO seabed and shoreline caused by caused by 1 2 2 2 7 High more frequent and intense storm events Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS DO 2 3 2 2 9 High during more frequent and intense storm events Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage DO 2 3 2 3 10 High and conveyance infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events

32 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to Chlorophyll a erosion of seabed and shoreline caused by 1 2 2 2 7 Moderate more frequent and intense storm events Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and Chlorophyll a 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased pollutant loadings from surface Chlorophyll a water storage and conveyance infrastructure 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate caused by more frequent and intense storm events

33 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 14. Risks to natural resources caused by increasing storminess Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased habitat and species disruption due Biodiversity to erosion of seabed and shoreline caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate more frequent and intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loading from WWTP Biodiversity 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loading from surface Biodiversity water storage and conveyance infrastructure 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate during more frequent and intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due Seagrass to erosion of seabed and shoreline caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate more frequent and intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from WWTP Seagrass 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface Seagrass water storage and conveyance infrastructure 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate during more frequent and intense storm events Wetlands and Increased habitat and species disruption due Impounded to shoreline erosion caused by more 2 3 3 2 10 High Marshes frequent and intense storm events Rare, Threatened, Increased habitat and species disruption due Endangered, and to erosion of seabed and shoreline caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate SOSC more frequent and intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due Rare, Threatened, to increased pollutant loading from WWTP Endangered, and 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate and OSTDS during more frequent and SOSC intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due Rare, Threatened, to increased pollutant loading from surface Endangered, and water storage and conveyance infrastructure 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate SOSC during more frequent and intense storm events

34 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased habitat and species disruption due Fisheries to seabed and shoreline erosion caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate more frequent and intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from WWTP Fisheries 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface Fisheries water storage and conveyance infrastructure 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate during more frequent and intense storm events Accelerated spread of existing or new threats Toxins, Infectious to ecosystem health from WWTP and OSTDS Agents, and Other 2 1 2 2 7 High during more frequent and intense storm Health Threats events Accelerated spread of existing or new threats Toxins, Infectious to ecosystem health from surface water Agents, and Other storage and conveyance infrastructure 1 1 2 2 6 High Health Threats during more frequent and intense storm events Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive Exotic and species from WWTP and OSTDS during more 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate Invasive Species frequent and intense storm events Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive Exotic and species from surface water storage and 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate Invasive Species conveyance infrastructure during more frequent and intense storm events Increased habitat and species disruption due Living Shorelines to shoreline erosion caused by more 2 3 3 3 11 Moderate frequent and intense storm events Increased physical and chemical degradation Archeological due to shoreline erosion and flooding during 2 3 3 2 10 High Resources more frequent and intense storm events

35 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 15. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by increasing storminess Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Decreased recreational activities, especially boating related, due to failure of Public Access 2 2 3 2 9 Moderate infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events Decreased volunteer participation in activities Public Education due to more frequent and intense storm 1 1 3 2 7 Low and Involvement events Decreased volunteer participation in activities Public Education due to learned helplessness and self-efficacy 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate and Involvement issues

Table 16. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by acidification Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased pollutant loadings due to changes in Wastewater solubility and/or toxicity caused by 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate acidification of lagoon water Increased pollutant loadings due to changes in Surface Water solubility and/or toxicity caused by 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate acidification Lagoon Not applicable ------Hydrology Marina and Boat Not applicable ------Pollution Atmospheric Not applicable ------Deposition Water Clarity Not applicable ------DO Not applicable ------Chlorophyll a Not applicable ------Legacy Nutrients Not applicable ------

36 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 17. Risks to natural resources caused by acidification Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., Biodiversity shellfish) and other habitat dependent taxa 1 3 3 2 9 High due to more acidic conditions Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., Seagrass shellfish, epiphytes) and other habitat 1 3 3 2 9 High dependent taxa due to more acidic conditions Wetlands and Impounded Not applicable ------Marshes Rare, Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., Threatened, shellfish, epiphytes) and other habitat 1 3 3 2 9 High Endangered, and dependent taxa due to more acidic conditions SOSC Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., Fisheries shellfish) and other habitat dependent taxa 1 3 3 2 9 High due to more acidic conditions Toxins, Infectious Accelerated spread of existing or new threats Agents, and to ecosystem health due to more acidic 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Other Health conditions Threats Living Increased habitat and species disruption due 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Shorelines to more acidic conditions Archeological Not applicable ------Resources

Table 18. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by increasing acidification Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Public Access Not applicable ------Decreased volunteer participation in activities Public Education due to learned helplessness and self-efficacy 1 1 3 2 7 Low and Involvement issues

37 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 19. Risks to sediment and water quality caused by sea level rise Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS Wastewater due to rising water table and sea level (inundation, 2 3 2 2 9 High erosion) Increased pollutant loadings due to higher water table Surface Water 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate caused by sea level rise Increased pollutant loadings due from water storage Surface Water and conveyance infrastructure caused by rising water 2 3 2 3 10 High table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Changes in circulation, groundwater and surface water Lagoon hydrology due to rising water table and sea level 2 3 3 2 10 High Hydrology (inundation, erosion) Increased pollutant loadings due to failure of pump out Marina and facilities, portable toilet dump stations, fuel stations, 1 2 1 2 6 High Boat Pollution and rest rooms caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Atmospheric Not applicable ------Deposition Decreased clarity due to erosion of shoreline caused by Water Clarity 1 2 2 2 7 High sea level rise Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings Water Clarity from WWTP caused by rising water table and sea level 2 3 2 3 10 High (inundation, erosion) Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from water storage and conveyance infrastructure Water Clarity 2 3 2 3 10 High caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant DO loadings from WWTP caused by rising water table and 2 3 2 3 10 High sea level (inundation, erosion) Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings from water storage and conveyance DO 2 3 2 1 8 High infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased Chlorophyll a pollutant loadings from WWTP caused by rising water 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate table and sea level (inundation, erosion)

38 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased pollutant loadings from water storage and conveyance Chlorophyll a 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Legacy Not applicable ------Nutrients

Table 20. Risks to natural resources caused by sea level rise Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Biodiversity pollutant loading from WWTP and OSTDS caused by 2 3 2 2 9 High rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loading from surface water storage and Biodiversity 1 3 2 2 8 Moderate conveyance infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Increased habitat and species disruption due to rising Biodiversity 1 3 3 2 9 Moderate water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Seagrass pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS in response to 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and Seagrass 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate conveyance infrastructure in response to rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Wetlands and Increased habitat and species disruption due to rising Impounded 2 3 3 2 10 High water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Marshes Wetlands and Increased habitat and species disruption due to upland Impounded barriers to existing wetland migration into upland areas 3 3 3 2 11 High Marshes during sea level rise Wetlands and Change in carbon sequestration due to habitat and Impounded 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate species disruption caused by warmer temperature Marshes Rare, Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Threatened, pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS caused by 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) and SOSC

39 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Rare, Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Threatened, pollutant loadings from surface water storage and 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, conveyance infrastructure caused by rising water table and SOSC and sea level (inundation, erosion) Rare, Threatened, Increased habitat and species disruption due to rising 1 3 3 2 9 Moderate Endangered, water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) and SOSC Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Fisheries pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS caused by 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate rising water table and sea level (i.e., inundation, erosion) Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and Fisheries 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate conveyance infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Toxins, Infectious Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to Agents, and ecosystem health from WWTP and OSTDS caused by 2 2 2 2 8 Moderate Other Health rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Threats Toxins, Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to Infectious ecosystem health from surface water storage and Agents, and 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate conveyance infrastructure caused by rising water table Other Health and sea level (inundation, erosion) Threats Exotic and Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from Invasive WWTP and OSTDS caused by rising water table and sea 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate Species level (inundation, erosion) Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from Exotic and surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure Invasive 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate caused by rising water table and sea level (erosion and Species inundation) Living Increased habitat and species disruption due to rising 2 3 3 2 10 High Shorelines water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Archeological Increased physical and chemical degradation due to rising 2 3 3 2 10 High Resources water table and sea level (inundation, erosion)

40 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 21. Risks to stakeholder engagement caused by sea level rise Organizational Spatial Time Preliminary Risk Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Extent Horizon Score Decreased access due flooding of land or access Public Access 2 2 3 2 9 Moderate infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level Decreased access due increased presence of navigational Public Access 2 3 3 2 10 High obstacles caused by rising sea level Public Decreased volunteer participation in activities due to Education and 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate learned helplessness and self-efficacy issues Involvement

41 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Step 5. Risk Evaluation and Comparison The objective of this step was to develop a consequence/probability matrix prioritizing risks most likely to impact the management goals and objectives (also known as Action Plans) of the IRLNEP. Prioritization was based upon the preliminary score of each assessed risk (Step 4). The risks posed to each goal (i.e., sediment and water quality, natural resources, stakeholder engagement) and associated objectives were then sorted by the corresponding preliminary score and prioritized as either higher, high, or moderate. In some cases, a climate stressor had a beneficial outcome or caused no risk to the objective. Neither of these were considered in the risk evaluation. The higher the score, the greater the consequence, likelihood, spatial extent, and urgency of the risk. Scores of 0–6 posed the least risk and were characterized as a moderate priority. Scores of 9–12 posed the greatest risk and were characterized as highest priority. Scores of 7–8 were characterized as high priority. Scoring and prioritization was initially completed by the project team and then made available to stakeholders for review and comment. The results of this collaboration and prioritization are summarized in Table 22. Detailed results of this step are included as Appendix B. Risk Evaluation.

Risks to Sediment and Water Quality Goal and Objectives With regard to the IRLNEP goal of improving sediment and water quality, the management objectives at greatest risk to climate change are those associated with the water column: reduction in water clarity, lowering of DO, and elevating chlorophyll a (Table 22). Also at risk are objectives formulated to mitigate pollutant loading into the basin from the surrounding watershed: wastewater (WWTP, OSTDS) and surface water (stormwater, freshwater). Least compromised are management goals related to lagoon hydrology, marina and boating pollution, atmospheric deposition, and legacy nutrient pollution. Four of the five climate stressors were determined to exert similar level of risk to the sediment and water quality management goals of the IRLNEP (Figure 20).

Figure 20. Magnitude of risk to sediment and water quality goals caused by five climate change stressors

42 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Risks to Natural Resource Goal and Objectives With regard to the IRLNEP natural resources goal, the management objectives at greatest risk to climate change are biodiversity, seagrass, rare (etc.) species, and fisheries (Table 22). At slightly less risk are goals related to wetlands, health, and exotic species. Least compromised are management goals associated with living shorelines and archeological resources. The magnitude of risk to the natural resource objectives of the IRLNEP caused by climate change (Figure 21) are greater than those to sediment and water quality (Figure 20), but these too are similarly distributed amongst four of the five stressors.

Figure 21. Magnitude of risk to natural resource goals caused by five climate change stressors

Risks to Stakeholder Engagement Goal and Objectives The two management objectives associated with stakeholder engagement will likely be equally impacted by climate change with regards to the number of stressors (Table 22). However, the magnitude of risk to public access is higher than education and involvement. The number of risks to the stakeholder engagement goals of the IRLNEP caused by climate change is lower than the other two management goals and associated primarily with increasing temperatures and storminess Figure 22).

43 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Figure 22. Magnitude of risk to stakeholder engagement goals caused by five climate change stressors

44 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 22. Prioritization of risks to IRLNEP management goals and objectives caused by climate change Sea Warmer Changes in Increasing Goal Acidification Level Sum Temperature Precipitation Storminess Rise Higher High Moderate Higher High Moderate Higher High Moderate Higher High Moderate Higher High Moderate Sediment and ------Water Quality Dissolved 3 2 2 1 2 10 Oxygen Water Clarity 1 2 2 1 2 1 9 Surface Water 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 Chlorophyll a 1 2 2 1 2 8 Wastewater 1 1 1 1 1 5 Marina and Boating 1 1 1 1 4 Pollution Lagoon 1 1 1 3 Hydrology Atmospheric 1 1 1 3 Deposition Legacy Nutrient 1 1 Pollution Sum 6 3 3 8 2 1 8 5 1 0 0 2 9 2 1 51 Natural ------Resources Biodiversity 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 13 Seagrass 1 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 13 Wetlands and Impounded 1 2 1 1 2 1 8 Marshes Rare, Threatened, 4 2 1 2 1 1 3 14 Endangered Species Fisheries 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 12 Toxins, Infectious 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 8 Agents, etc. Exotic and Invasive 2 3 2 2 9 Species Living 1 1 1 1 1 5 Shorelines Archeological 1 1 1 1 1 5 Resources Sum 3 19 0 9 11 0 11 5 3 6 1 0 13 3 3 87 Stakeholder ------Engagement Public Access 2 1 2 1 2 8

45 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Sea Warmer Changes in Increasing Goal Acidification Level Sum Temperature Precipitation Storminess Rise Higher High Moderate Higher High Moderate Higher High Moderate Higher High Moderate Higher High Moderate Public Education and 2 2 2 1 1 8 Involvement Sum 2 3 0 0 4 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 16 Grand Total 11 25 3 17 17 1 20 12 4 6 2 2 24 6 4 154

46 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Discussion This project evaluated 20 IRLNEP management objectives, organized under three goals, at risk to five climate change stressors. A total of 154 risks were identified (Table 22). The scoring, ranking, and prioritization conducted during this project (Phase I) were designed to provide guidance during the revision of the CCMP (2008) and formulation of specific new Action Plans to mitigate risks to the IRLNEP caused by climate change (i.e., Phase II).

The results of this risk evaluation were also informed by stakeholder comments and suggestions as described in Step 1 and summarized in Appendix C. Results of Real-Time Polling. This included input provided by real-time polling during stakeholder meetings. A comparison between the project team and stakeholder risk priorities to sediment and water quality and natural resources is illustrated in Figure 23 (definitions in Table 23). The diagonal line represents a 1:1 match: risks plotted above the line identify stakeholder priorities ranked higher than the project team; risks plotted below the line identify stakeholder priorities ranked lower than the project team.

Figure 23. Comparison between project team and stakeholder risk priorities from real-time polling

Table 23. Key to Figure 23 Acronym Definition BD Biodiversity DO + Chl a Dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a F Fisheries LH Lagoon hydrology LNP Legacy nutrient pollutants LS Living shorelines SD Surface water discharge SG Seagrass T&E Rare, threatened, endangered species TX Toxins, health threats WET Wetlands WC Water clarity WTF Wastewater treatment facilities

47 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

There is a low negative correlation (-0.34) between the priority risks to sediment and water quality as identified by the project team and stakeholder groups. Inspection of risk priorities organized as a function of the county from which the stakeholder works reveals distinctly different preferences as a function of geographic identity. This in turn likely correlates to regional distinctions in watershed geomorphology, infrastructure, land use, and etc. There is no correlation (-0.04) between the priority risks to natural resources identified by the project team and stakeholders. Again, this can be attributed to differences in geographic identity and regional differences within the watershed (Appendix C. Results of Real-Time Polling).

A comparison was made between the project team and stakeholder prioritization of climate stressors likely to impact to sediment and water quality and natural resources. There is a strong positive correlation (0.69) between the priority climate stressors to sediment and water quality as identified by the project team and stakeholder groups (Appendix C. Results of Real-Time Polling).

Inspection of climate stressors to sediment and water quality organized as a function of the county from which the stakeholder works reveals their preferences are not a function of geographic identity. This in turn likely indicates stakeholder views regarding the potential effects of climate change stressors on sediment and water quality are equally applicable to the entire watershed and hence the strong positive correlation. There is also a strong positive correlation (0.72) between the climate stressors to natural resources identified by the project team and stakeholders. Again, this likely indicates stakeholder views regarding the potential effects of climate change stressors on natural resources are equally applicable to the entire watershed (Figure 24 with key in Table 24).

Given the limited number of options, comparison between the project team and stakeholder prioritization of stakeholder engagement was not conducted. The scoring, ranking, and prioritization conducted during Phase I of this project were designed to provide guidance during the revision of the CCMP (2008) and formulation of specific new Action Plans to mitigate risks to the IRLNEP caused by climate change (i.e., Phase II). Based upon the results of this project, there exist distinct geographic differences in the perception of risk that must be assimilated into this process.

Figure 24. Comparison between project team and stakeholder climate stressor priorities from real- time polling

48 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Table 24. Key to Figure 24 Acronym Definition Acid Acidification Ppt Precipitation SLR Sea Level Rise Storm Storminess Temp Temperature

49 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

ONE LAGOON ADAPTATION PLAN Step 6. Establishing the Context The objective of this step is to explore opportunities and constraints that influence the IRLNEP's climate ready estuary management options and develop a list of potential partners that could help to address the risks identified in the vulnerability assessment.

To complete this task, a list of potential partners was compiled in association with each of the action plans in the revised 2019 CCMP (Table 25 and Table 26). These partners were further categorized as "lead" or "other." It is important to note that the list of partners and associated categories as presented in the revised CCMP was compiled without regard to future risks and stressors related to climate change. Therefore, during the remaining steps in this project, the team determined whether these agencies and organizations can help in addressing the risks identified in the vulnerability assessment. It is important to recognize that for many of the recommended actions, enhanced and expanded partnerships among federal, state, and local stakeholders will be essential for long-term success.

Step 7. Deciding on a Course The objective of this step is to decide whether the IRLNEP will mitigate, transfer, accept, or avoid each risk.

To complete this task, all risks identified and prioritized in the Risk-based Vulnerability Assessment were re-evaluated and reorganized to be consistent with the revised CCMP (Table 27 through Table 31). The newly proposed action plans at risk to each of the five climate stressors were identified, as were risks that will likely be accepted. Decisions to mitigate, transfer, or avoid were made in conjunction with Steps 8 and 9 (see below).

To facilitate the use of this information towards the formulation of new action plans and partners to address climate change, the data generated during Step 7 were integrated using Microsoft Power BI. Microsoft Power BI is an analytical tool that provides interactive visualizations and insights using a collection of software services, apps, and connectors. The project data can be accessed at http://datavisual.balmoralgroup.us/IRL-Vulnerability.

50 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 25. Identification of potential partners to address risks as identified in the revised CCMP Vital Sign Mission Vital Sign Action Partner(s)* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Category One Water Quality Impaired Lagoon IW-1 Lead X (WQ) Waters (OL) Impaired OL WQ IW-1 Other + + Waters Impaired OL WQ IW-2 Lead X Waters Impaired OL WQ IW-2 Other + + Waters Impaired OL WQ IW-3 Lead X Waters Impaired OL WQ IW-3 Other + + Waters OL WQ Wastewater WW-1 Lead X X OL WQ Wastewater WW-1 Other + + OL WQ Wastewater WW-2 Lead X OL WQ Wastewater WW-2 Other + + + OL WQ Wastewater WW-3 Lead X X OL WQ Wastewater WW-3 Other + + + OL WQ Wastewater WW-4 Lead X X OL WQ Wastewater WW-4 Other + + + + + OL WQ Wastewater WW-5 Lead X X OL WQ Wastewater WW-5 Other + + + + OL WQ Wastewater WW-6 Lead X X OL WQ Wastewater WW-6 Other + + Stormwater/ OL WQ SW-1 Lead X X X Surface Water Stormwater/ OL WQ SW-1 Other + Surface Water Stormwater/ OL WQ SW-2 Lead X X X X X X Surface Water Stormwater/ OL WQ SW-2 Other + + + Surface Water Stormwater/ OL WQ SW-4 Lead X Surface Water Stormwater/ OL WQ SW-4 Other Surface Water Stormwater/ OL WQ SW-5 Lead X X X Surface Water Stormwater/ OL WQ SW-5 Other + + + + + + Surface Water Hydrology and OL WQ H-1 Lead X X Hydrodynamics

51 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Vital Sign Mission Vital Sign Action Partner(s)* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Category Hydrology and OL WQ H-1 Other + + Hydrodynamics Hydrology and OL WQ H-2 Lead X X X X X Hydrodynamics Hydrology and OL WQ H-2 Other + Hydrodynamics Hydrology and OL WQ H-3 Lead X X X X X Hydrodynamics Hydrology and OL WQ H-3 Other + Hydrodynamics OL WQ Legacy Loads LL-1 Lead X X OL WQ Legacy Loads LL-1 Other + + Not in Atmospheric OL WQ revised Deposition CCMP Contaminants Did not OL WQ of Emerging evaluate Concern Habitat OL Seagrass S-1 Lead X X X X Quality (HQ) OL HQ Seagrass S-1 Other + + OL HQ Seagrass S-2 Lead X X X X OL HQ Seagrass S-2 Other + + OL HQ Seagrass S-4 Lead X OL HQ Seagrass S-4 Other + + + + Did not OL HQ Filter Feeders evaluate Living OL HQ LS-1 Lead X X X Shorelines Living OL HQ LS-1 Other + + + + + + Shorelines Living OL HQ LS-3 Lead X Shorelines Living OL HQ LS-3 Other + + + + + + + + + Shorelines OL HQ Wetlands W-1 Lead X X OL HQ Wetlands W-1 Other + + + + Did not OL HQ Spoil Islands evaluate Land Did not OL HQ Conservation evaluate Connected Did not OL HQ Waters evaluate

52 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Vital Sign Mission Vital Sign Action Partner(s)* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Category OL Living Resources Biodiversity B-1 Lead X X X X X X (LR) OL LR Biodiversity B-1 Other + OL LR Biodiversity B-2 Lead X X OL LR Biodiversity B-2 Other OL LR Biodiversity B-3 Lead X X OL LR Biodiversity B-3 Other Species of OL LR Special SOC-4 Lead X X X Concern Species of OL LR Special SOC-4 Other + + + + + + Concern Exotic and None in OL LR Invasive revised Species CCMP Did not OL LR Forage Fish evaluate OL LR Fisheries F-3 Lead X X OL LR Fisheries F-3 Other + + + + + + Harmful Algal Did not OL LR Blooms evaluate Climate Ready OL LR Herein Estuaries One Healthy Trash Free Did not Community Communities Waters evaluate (OC) (HC) Marinas and Did not OC HC Boating evaluate Distinctive Did not OC HC Lagoon evaluate Communities 21st Century Did not OC HC Coastal evaluate Communities Emergency Did not OC HC Response evaluate Communicate, CCMP One Voice Collaborate, Implementatio Did not

(OV) Coordinate n and evaluate (C,C,C) Financing State of the Did not OV C,C,C Lagoon evaluate

53 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Vital Sign Mission Vital Sign Action Partner(s)* 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Category Monitoring and Did not OV C,C,C Data evaluate Science and Did not OV C,C,C Technology evaluate Policy Did not OV C,C,C Considerations evaluate Citizen OV C,C,C CE-1 Lead X Engagement Citizen OV C,C,C CE-1 Other + + + + + Engagement Citizen OV C,C,C CE-2 Lead X Engagement Citizen OV C,C,C CE-2 Other Engagement Citizen OV C,C,C CE-3 Lead X Engagement Citizen OV C,C,C CE-3 Other + + Engagement * Partner key is provided in Table 26. Lead partners are marked with an X and other potential partners are marked with a +.

54 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 26. Partner key Number Partner Number Partner 1 USACE 19 Utilities 2 USEPA 20 Florida Institute of Technology 3 Natural Resources Conservation Commission 20 Stetson University 4 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 20 Indian River State College 5 NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service 20 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute 6 NOAA other 20 Bethune-Cookman University 7 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 20 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 8 Florida Department of Environmental Protection 20 Eastern Florida State College 9 Florida Department of Health 20 University of Central Florida 10 Florida Department of Transportation 20 Daytona State College University of Florida Institute of Food and 11 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 21 Agricultural Sciences 12 Florida Inland Navigation District 22 WaterSHED International 13 Indian River Soil and Water Conservation District 22 King Ranch 14 Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District 22 Ocean Research and Conservation Association 15 St. Johns River Water Management District 22 Nature Conservancy 16 IRLNEP 22 Audubon Florida 17 Basin management action plan (BMAP) partners 22 Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce 18 St. Lucie County Commission 22 Florida Oceanographic Society 18 Volusia County Council 22 Marine Resources Center 18 Indian River County Commission 22 Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute 18 Brevard County Commission 22 Marine Discovery Center 18 Martin County Commission 22 Riverside Conservancy 18 Treasure Coast League of Cities 23 Consultants 18 Volusia League of Cities 24 Industry 18 Space Coast Leagues of Cities 25 Landowners 18 City of Sebastian 18 City of Vero Beach 18 Canaveral Port Authority 18 Kennedy Space Center 18 City of Rockledge 18 Sebastian Inlet Tax District

55 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 27. Prioritize risks and likely management options: water quality Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Warmer 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to more frequent OL WQ IW Chlorophyll a Accept temperature algae blooms caused by warmer temperature 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- Changes in OL WQ IW Chlorophyll a pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- precipitation events 5, WW-6, 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased Changes in IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ IW Chlorophyll a pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance precipitation SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 infrastructure during high rainfall events 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased Increased IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ IW Chlorophyll a pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance storminess SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased pollutant loadings from water storage and conveyance IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ IW Chlorophyll a Sea level rise infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW-1, Increased OL WQ IW Chlorophyll a pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, storminess and intense storm events WW-6 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW-1, OL WQ IW Chlorophyll a Sea level rise pollutant loadings from WWTP caused by rising water table and WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, sea level (inundation, erosion) WW-6 2 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to erosion of Increased See One Lagoon/Habitat OL WQ IW Chlorophyll a seabed and shoreline caused by more frequent and intense storm storminess Quality/Living Shorelines events Warmer OL WQ IW DO 3 – Decreased DO solubility due to warmer temperature Accept temperature Warmer 3 – Decreased DO availability due to more frequent algae blooms OL WQ IW DO Accept temperature caused by warmer temperature IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- Changes in 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS high OL WQ IW DO 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- precipitation rainfall events 5, WW-6 3 – Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings Changes in IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ IW DO from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure during precipitation SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 high rainfall events 3 – Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings Increased IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ IW DO from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure caused storminess SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 by more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- OL WQ IW DO Sea level rise from WWTP caused by rising water table and sea level 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- (inundation, erosion) 5, WW-6, 3 – Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ IW DO Sea level rise from water storage and conveyance infrastructure caused by SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion)

56 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Warmer 3 – Decreased DO availability due to accelerated decomposition OL WQ IW DO Accept temperature of organic matter caused by warmer temperature 3 – Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- Increased OL WQ IW DO from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- storminess events 5, WW-6 2 – Decreased DO availability due to erosion of seabed and Increased See One Lagoon/Habitat OL WQ IW DO shoreline caused by caused by more frequent and intense storm storminess Quality/Living Shorelines events Warmer 3 – Decreased clarity due to an increase in the growth rates and OL WQ IW Water Clarity Accept temperature survival of algae and other taxa induced by warmer temperature IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- Changes in 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from OL WQ IW Water Clarity 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- precipitation WWTP during high rainfall events 5, WW-6 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from Changes in IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ IW Water Clarity surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure during high precipitation SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 rainfall events 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- Increased OL WQ IW Water Clarity WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- storminess events 5, WW-6 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from Increased IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ IW Water Clarity surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure caused by storminess SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- OL WQ IW Water Clarity Sea level rise WWTP caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- erosion) 5, WW-6 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ IW Water Clarity Sea level rise water storage and conveyance infrastructure caused by rising SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Increased 2 – Decreased clarity due to erosion of seabed and shoreline See One Lagoon/Habitat OL WQ IW Water Clarity storminess caused by more frequent and intense storm events Quality/Living Shorelines 2 – Decreased clarity due to erosion of shoreline caused by sea See One Lagoon/Habitat OL WQ IW Water Clarity Sea level rise level rise Quality/Living Shorelines IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- Increased 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS due to OL WQ WW Wastewater 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- storminess more frequent and intense storm events 5, WW-6 IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- Changes in 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during OL WQ WW Wastewater 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- precipitation high rainfall events 5, WW-6 IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, WW- 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS due to OL WQ WW Wastewater Sea level rise 1, WW-2, WW-3, WW-4, WW- rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 5, WW-6 Warmer 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to changes in solubility OL WQ WW Wastewater Accept temperature and/or toxicity caused by warmer temperature 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to changes in solubility OL WQ WW Wastewater Acidification Accept and/or toxicity caused by acidification of lagoon water

57 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Changes in 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ SW Surface Water precipitation conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and Increased IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ SW Surface Water conveyance infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storminess SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 storm events 3 – Increased pollutant loadings due from water storage and IW-1, IW-2, IW-3, IW-4, SW-1, OL WQ SW Surface Water Sea level rise conveyance infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea SW-2, SW-4, SW-5 level (inundation, erosion) Warmer 3 – Increased pollutant loadings (urban, rural) due to changes in OL WQ SW Surface Water Accept temperature solubility and/or toxicity caused by warmer temperature 2 – Increased pollutant loadings due to increased maintenance Warmer OL WQ SW Surface Water (cuttings, chemical applications) of greenspace caused by IW-1, IW-2 temperature warmer temperature 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to increased use of chemical Warmer treatments in surface water storage and conveyance OL WQ SW Surface Water IW-1, IW-2 temperature infrastructure to reduce more frequent algae blooms or expanding invasive plants caused by warmer temperature 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to changes in solubility OL WQ SW Surface Water Acidification Accept and/or toxicity caused by acidification 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to higher water table caused OL WQ SW Surface Water Sea level rise Accept by sea level rise 3 – Changes in circulation, groundwater and surface water Lagoon OL WQ HH Sea level rise hydrology due to rising water table and sea level (inundation, HH-1, HH-2, HH-3 Hydrology erosion) Lagoon Warmer 2 – Changes in thermohaline circulation due to warmer OL WQ HH HH-1, HH-2, HH-3 Hydrology temperature temperature Lagoon Changes in 2 – Changes in thermohaline circulation due to polyline OL WQ HH HH-1, HH-2, HH-3 Hydrology precipitation conditions caused by intervals of higher rainfall and drought Legacy Increased 2 – Decrease in water quality due to erosion and resuspension of OL WQ LL LL-1 Nutrients storminess seabed caused by more frequent and intense storm events 2 – Increased atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and other Atmospheric Warmer OL WQ AD pollutants due to increasing demand for electricity caused by Accept Deposition temperature warmer temperature Atmospheric Changes in 2 – Increased atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and other OL WQ AD Accept Deposition precipitation pollutants during high rainfall events Atmospheric Increased 2 – Increased atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and other OL WQ AD Accept Deposition storminess pollutants due to more frequent and intense storm events Did not OL WQ CoC evaluate * Red (3) = highest, Yellow (2) = higher, Green (1) = high

58 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 28. Prioritize risks and likely management options: habitat quality Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to elevated Warmer OL HQ SG Seagrass pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance S-1, S-2, S-4 temperature infrastructure caused by warmer temperature Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to warmer OL HQ SG Seagrass Accept temperature temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Warmer OL HQ SG Seagrass pollutant loading caused by changes in solubility and/or toxicity Accept temperature induced by warmer temperature Warmer 2 – Change in carbon sequestration due to habitat and species OL HQ SG Seagrass Accept temperature disruption caused by warmer temperature 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Changes in IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL HQ SG Seagrass pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall precipitation WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Changes in IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL HQ SG Seagrass pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance precipitation 4, SW-5, S-2 infrastructure during high rainfall events 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to polyhaline Changes in OL HQ SG Seagrass conditions caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended Accept precipitation periods of drought 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Increased IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL HQ SG Seagrass pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent storminess WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, and intense storm events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Increased IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL HQ SG Seagrass pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance storminess 4, SW-5, S-2 infrastructure during more frequent and intense storm events 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to erosion of Increased See One Lagoon/Habitat OL HQ SG Seagrass seabed and shoreline caused by more frequent and intense storm storminess Quality/Living Shorelines events 3 – Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., shellfish, OL HQ SG Seagrass Acidification epiphytes) and other habitat dependent taxa due to more acidic Accept conditions 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL HQ SG Seagrass Sea level rise pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS in response to rising WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL HQ SG Seagrass Sea level rise infrastructure in response to rising water table and sea level 4, SW-5, S-2 (inundation, erosion) Did not OL HQ FFed evaluate Living Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species distribution due to warmer OL HQ LS Accept Shorelines temperature temperature

59 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy 2 – Increased habitat and species distribution due to polyhaline Living Changes in OL HQ LS conditions caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended Accept Shorelines precipitation periods of drought Living Increased 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to shoreline OL HQ LS LS-1, LS-3 Shorelines storminess erosion caused by more frequent and intense storm events Living 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to rising water OL HQ LS Sea level rise LS-1, LS-3 Shorelines table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Living 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to more acidic OL HQ LS Acidification Accept Shorelines conditions Wetlands and Warmer 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to warmer OL HQ W Impounded Accept temperature temperature Marshes Wetlands and Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to changes in OL HQ W Impounded Accept temperature evapotranspiration Marshes Wetlands and Warmer 2 – Change in carbon sequestration due to habitat and species OL HQ W Impounded Accept temperature disruption caused by warmer temperature Marshes Wetlands and 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to polyhaline Changes in OL HQ W Impounded conditions caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended Accept precipitation Marshes periods of drought Wetlands and Increased 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to shoreline See One Lagoon/Habitat OL HQ W Impounded storminess erosion caused by more frequent and intense storm events Quality/Living Shorelines Marshes Wetlands and 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to rising water OL HQ W Impounded Sea level rise W-1 table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Marshes Wetlands and 2 – Change in carbon sequestration due to habitat and species OL HQ W Impounded Sea level rise Accept disruption caused by warmer temperature Marshes Did not OL HQ SI evaluate Did not OL HQ LC evaluate Did not OL HQ CW evaluate * Red (3) = highest, Yellow (2) = higher, Green (1) = high

60 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 29. Prioritize risks and likely management options: living resources Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to warmer OL LR B Biodiversity Accept temperature temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to elevated Warmer OL LR B Biodiversity pollutant loadings caused by changes in solubility and/or toxicity Accept temperature induced by warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to elevated Warmer pollutant loadings in surface water storage and conveyance OL LR B Biodiversity Accept temperature infrastructure caused by caused by longer growing season induced by warmer temperature 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Changes in IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR B Biodiversity pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall precipitation WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6 events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Changes in IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR B Biodiversity pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance precipitation 4, SW-5, B-2 infrastructure caused by high rainfall events 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to polyhaline Changes in OL LR B Biodiversity conditions caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended Accept precipitation periods of drought 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Increased IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR B Biodiversity pollutant loading from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent storminess WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, and intense storm events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Increased IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR B Biodiversity pollutant loading from surface water storage and conveyance storminess 4, SW-5, B-2 infrastructure during more frequent and intense storm events 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to erosion of Increased OL LR B Biodiversity seabed and shoreline caused by more frequent and intense storm LS-1, LS-3, LS-4, LS-5 storminess events 3 – Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., shellfish) and OL LR B Biodiversity Acidification Accept other habitat dependent taxa due to more acidic conditions 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR B Biodiversity Sea level rise pollutant loading from WWTP and OSTDS caused by rising water WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to rising water OL LR B Biodiversity Sea level rise B-1, B-2, B-3 table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loading from surface water storage and conveyance IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR B Biodiversity Sea level rise infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level 4, SW-5 (inundation, erosion) Rare, Threatened, Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to warmer OL LR SoC Accept Endangered, temperature temperature and SOSC

61 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Rare, Threatened, Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to lower oxygen OL LR SoC Accept Endangered, temperature solubility caused by warmer temperature and SOSC Rare, 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to lower oxygen Threatened, Warmer OL LR SoC availability cause by more frequent algae blooms induced by LS-1, LS-3, LS-4, LS-5 Endangered, temperature warmer temperature and SOSC Rare, 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to lower oxygen Threatened, Warmer OL LR SoC availability caused by accelerated growth and decay of invasive LS-1, LS-3, LS-4, LS-5 Endangered, temperature plants within basin induced by warmer temperature and SOSC Rare, 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Threatened, Changes in IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR SoC pollutant loading from WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall Endangered, precipitation WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, events and SOSC Rare, 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Threatened, Changes in IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR SoC pollutant loading from surface water storage and conveyance Endangered, precipitation 4, SW-5 infrastructure during high rainfall events and SOSC Rare, 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to polyhaline Threatened, Changes in OL LR SoC conditions caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended Accept Endangered, precipitation periods of drought and SOSC Rare, 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Threatened, Increased IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR SoC pollutant loading from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent Endangered, storminess WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, and intense storm events and SOSC Rare, 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Threatened, Increased IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR SoC pollutant loading from surface water storage and conveyance Endangered, storminess 4, SW-5 infrastructure during more frequent and intense storm events and SOSC Rare, 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to erosion of Threatened, Increased OL LR SoC seabed and shoreline caused by more frequent and intense storm LS-1, LS-3, LS-4, LS-5 Endangered, storminess events and SOSC Rare, 3 – Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., shellfish, Threatened, OL LR SoC Acidification epiphytes) and other habitat dependent taxa due to more acidic Accept Endangered, conditions and SOSC Rare, 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Threatened, IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR SoC Sea level rise pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS caused by rising Endangered, WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) and SOSC

62 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Rare, 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Threatened, pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR SoC Sea level rise Endangered, infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level 4, SW-5 and SOSC (inundation, erosion) Rare, Threatened, 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to rising water OL LR SoC Sea level rise LS-1, LS-3, LS-4, LS-5, SOC-4 Endangered, table and sea level (inundation, erosion) and SOSC Exotic and Warmer 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species due to OL LR InS Invasive Accept temperature warmer temperature Species Exotic and Warmer 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species due to OL LR InS Accept Invasive temperature increased wildfires caused by warmer temperature 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species due to Changes in OL LR InS Species polyhaline conditions caused by intervals of higher rainfall and Accept precipitation extended periods of drought Exotic and Changes in 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from WWTP IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR InS Invasive precipitation and OSTDS during high rainfall events WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from Changes in IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR InS Species surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure during high precipitation 4, SW-5 rainfall events Exotic and Increased 1 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from WWTP IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR InS Invasive storminess and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, 1 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from Increased IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR InS Species surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure during storminess 4, SW-5 more frequent and intense storm events 1 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from WWTP Exotic and IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR InS Sea level rise and OSTDS caused by rising water table and sea level Invasive WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, (inundation, erosion) 1 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR InS Species Sea level rise surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure caused by 4, SW-5 rising water table and sea level (erosion and inundation) Did not OL LR FFish evaluate Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to warmer OL LR CRF Fisheries Accept temperature temperature Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to lower oxygen OL LR CRF Fisheries Accept temperature solubility caused by warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to lower oxygen Warmer See One Lagoon/Water OL LR CRF Fisheries availability cause by more frequent algae blooms induced by temperature Quality/Impaired Waters warmer temperature 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Changes in IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR CRF Fisheries pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall precipitation WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, events

63 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Changes in 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption from surface water IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR CRF Fisheries precipitation storage and conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events 4, SW-5 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to polyhaline Changes in OL LR CRF Fisheries conditions caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended Accept precipitation periods of drought 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Increased IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR CRF Fisheries pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent storminess WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, and intense storm events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased Increased IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR CRF Fisheries pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance storminess 4, SW-5 infrastructure during more frequent and intense storm events 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to seabed and Increased OL LR CRF Fisheries shoreline erosion caused by more frequent and intense storm LS-1, LS-3, LS-4, LS-5, F-3 storminess events 3 – Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., shellfish) and OL LR CRF Fisheries Acidification Accept other habitat dependent taxa due to more acidic conditions 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, OL LR CRF Fisheries Sea level rise pollutant loadings from WWTP and OSTDS caused by rising WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, water table and sea level (i.e., inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- OL LR CRF Fisheries Sea level rise infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level 4, SW-5 (inundation, erosion) Did not OL LR HAB evaluate OL LR CRE Herein Archeological Warmer 2 – Increased biological and chemical degradation due to warmer Accept Resources temperature temperature Archeological Changes in 2 – Increased chemical degradation due to higher rainfall Accept Resources precipitation 3 – Increased physical and chemical degradation due to shoreline Archeological Increased erosion and flooding during more frequent and intense storm LS-1, LS-3, LS-4, LS-5 Resources storminess events Archeological 3 – Increased physical and chemical degradation due to rising Sea level rise LS-1, LS-3, LS-4, LS-5 Resources water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Toxins, Infectious Warmer 3 – Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to ecosystem Agents, and Accept temperature health due to warmer temperature Other Health Threats Toxins, Infectious 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to ecosystem Changes in IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- Agents, and health from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure precipitation 4, SW-5 Other Health during high rainfall events Threats

64 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Toxins, Not Infectious included Changes in 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to ecosystem IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, Agents, and in revised precipitation health from WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall events WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, Other Health CCMP Threats Toxins, Infectious 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to ecosystem Increased IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, Agents, and health from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storminess WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, Other Health storm events Threats Toxins, Infectious 1 – Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to ecosystem Increased IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- Agents, and health from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure storminess 4, SW-5 Other Health during more frequent and intense storm events Threats Toxins, Infectious 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to ecosystem Agents, and Acidification Accept health due to more acidic conditions Other Health Threats Toxins, Infectious 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to ecosystem IW-1, IW-2, WW-1, WW-2, Agents, and Sea level rise health from WWTP and OSTDS caused by rising water table and WW-3, WW-4, WW-5, WW-6, Other Health sea level (inundation, erosion) Threats Toxins, Infectious 1 – Accelerated spread of existing or new threats to ecosystem IW-1, IW-2, SW-1, SW-2, SW- Agents, and Sea level rise health from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure 4, SW-5 Other Health caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Threats * Red (3) = highest, Yellow (2) = higher, Green (1) = high

65 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 30. Prioritize risks and likely management options: healthy communities Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Did not OC HC VCC evaluate Did not OC HC TFW evaluate 1 – Increased pollutant loadings from access facilities and Marina and Increased No relevant Action Plans OC HC M&B associated infrastructure due to increased coastal erosion caused Boat Pollution storminess listed in revised CCMP by more frequent and intense storm events 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to failure of pump out Marina and facilities, portable toilet dump stations, fuel stations, and rest No relevant Action Plans OC HC M&B Sea level rise Boat Pollution rooms caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, listed in revised CCMP erosion) Marina and Warmer 1 – Increased pollutant loadings from site runoff due to changes OC HC M&B Accept Boat Pollution temperature in solubility and/or toxicity caused by warmer temperature Marina and Changes in 1 – Increased pollutant loadings from site runoff during high No relevant Action Plans OC HC M&B Boat Pollution precipitation rainfall events, especially after extended periods of drought listed in revised CCMP Reduced pollutant loadings due to decrease in number of Marina and Increased OC HC recreational boating days caused by more frequent and intense Boat Pollution storminess storm events Marina and OC HC Acidification Not applicable Boat Pollution Did not OC HC DLC evaluate Did not OC HC EPR evaluate * Red (3) = highest, Yellow (2) = higher, Green (1) = high

66 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Table 31. Prioritize risks and likely management options: communicate, collaborate, coordinate Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Did not OV C, C, C MDS evaluate Did not OV C, C, C SoL evaluate Did not OV C, C, C TI evaluate Did not OV C, C, C CCMP evaluate 3 – Decreased recreational activities due to accelerated spread of Citizen Warmer OV C, C, C Public Access existing or new viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections caused CE-1, CE-2, CE-3 Engagement temperature by warmer temperature Citizen 3 – Decreased access due increased presence of navigational No relevant action plans in OV C, C, C Public Access Sea level rise Engagement obstacles caused by rising sea level revised CCMP Citizen Warmer 3 – Decreased recreational activities due to reduced water clarity OV C, C, C Public Access See One Lagoon/Water Quality Engagement temperature caused by increased pollutant loadings 3 – Decreased recreational activities, especially boating related, due Citizen Increased No relevant action plans in OV C, C, C Public Access to failure of infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense Engagement storminess revised CCMP storm events Citizen 3 – Decreased access due flooding of land or access infrastructure No relevant action plans in OV C, C, C Public Access Sea level rise Engagement caused by rising water table and sea level revised CCMP 2 – Decreased recreational activities due to increased habitat and Citizen Changes in OV C, C, C Public Access species disruption due to polyhaline conditions caused by intervals of Accept Engagement precipitation higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Citizen Warmer OV C, C, C Public Access 2 – Decreased recreational activities due to warmer temperature Accept Engagement temperature Citizen Changes in 2 – Decreased recreational activities due to increased number of high OV C, C, C Public Access Accept Engagement precipitation rainfall events Public Citizen Warmer 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in activities due to warmer OV C, C, C Education and Accept Engagement temperature temperature Involvement Public Citizen Warmer 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in activities due to learned OV C, C, C Education and CE-1, CE-2, CE-3 Engagement temperature helplessness and self-efficacy issues Involvement Public Citizen Changes in 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in activities due to increased OV C, C, C Education and Accept Engagement precipitation number of high rainfall events Involvement Public Citizen Changes in 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in activities due to learned OV C, C, C Education and CE-1, CE-2, CE-3 Engagement precipitation helplessness and self-efficacy issues Involvement Public Citizen Increased 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in activities due to more OV C, C, C Education and Accept Engagement storminess frequent and intense storm events Involvement

67 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Mission Category Vital Sign Goal Stressor Risk* Likely Management Strategy Public Citizen Increased 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in activities due to learned OV C, C, C Education and CE-1, CE-2, CE-3 Engagement storminess helplessness and self-efficacy issues Involvement Public Citizen 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in activities due to learned OV C, C, C Education and Acidification CE-1, CE-2, CE-3 Engagement helplessness and self-efficacy issues Involvement Public Citizen 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in activities due to learned OV C, C, C Education and Sea level rise CE-1, CE-2, CE-3 Engagement helplessness and self-efficacy issues Involvement Did not OV C, C, C FSLPO evaluate * Red (3) = highest, Yellow (2) = higher, Green (1) = high

68 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Steps 8a and 8b. Finding and Selecting Adaptation Actions The objective of this step is to rank IRL adaptation actions to reduce priority risks. Analysis of the 154 Action Plans associated with the 32 Vital Signs contained in the revised IRLNEP CCMP (IRLNEP 2019) yielded 472 risks posed by the five climate change stressors. The number of risks exceeds the number of Action Plans because each Plan may be subject to more than one risk. These are summarized in Table 32, along with the level of threat associated with each risk. This can be replicated using the Microsoft Power BI tool used in Step 7.

The results indicate the category Water Quality, and especially the Vital Signs Impaired Waters, Wastewater (WWTP, OSTDS), and Surface Water Storage and Conveyance Systems, are the most vulnerable key indicators to climate change with regards to both the number of CCMP Action Plans negatively affected and level of risk. The most frequent stressors to all Vital Signs are changes in precipitation, storminess, and sea level rise. Based upon these results, nine high-priority adaptation actions have been formulated to reduce anthropogenic pollutant loading caused by these three stressors (Table 33). A majority of the other 32 Vital Signs and related Action Plans are also expected to benefit from the pursuit of these adaptation actions given all are interconnected by biological, chemical, and physical processes operating within the IRL watershed.

Table 32. Number and level of risks to IRL Vital Signs most at risk to five climate change stressors Sea Category and Higher High Moderate Temperature Precipitation Storms pH Level Sum Accept Sum Vital Sign Risk Risk Risk Rise Water Quality ------Impaired waters 5 54 57 0 55 171 5 162 4 0 166 (IW) Wastewater (WW) 1 10 10 1 10 32 2 30 0 30 Stormwater and surface water 5 8 8 1 9 31 3 24 2 2 28 (SW) Hydrology and hydrodynamics 3 3 0 0 3 9 0 3 6 0 9 (HH) Legacy loads and healthy sediments 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 (LL) Atmospheric 1 1 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 deposition (AD) Sum 15 76 77 2 77 247 13 219 13 2 234 Habitats ------Seagrass (S) 6 16 15 1 14 52 5 47 0 0 47 Living shorelines 1 1 2 1 2 7 3 0 4 0 4 (LS) Wetlands and impounded/ 3 1 0 0 2 6 5 1 0 0 1 altered marshes (W) Sum 10 18 17 2 18 65 13 48 4 0 52 Living Resources ------Biodiversity (B) 3 16 11 1 17 48 5 33 10 0 43 Species of concern 10 15 18 1 19 63 4 47 12 0 59 (SoC) Invasive species 2 15 14 0 14 45 3 14 28 0 42 (InS) Commercial and recreational 3 15 19 1 14 52 4 42 6 0 48 fisheries (CRF) Sum 15 45 51 2 47 160 11 103 46 0 149 Grand Total 40 139 145 6 142 472 37 370 63 2 435

69 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Table 33. Nine adaptation actions identified to reduce risk to IRLNEP caused by predominant climate change stressors Stressor Adaptation Action Precipitation Reduce pollutant loadings from WWTP during high rainfall events Precipitation Reduce pollutant loadings from OSTDS during high rainfall events Reduce pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure Precipitation during high rainfall events Storms Reduce pollutant loadings from WWTP due to more frequent and intense storms Storms Reduce pollutant loadings from OSTDS due to more frequent and intense storms Reduce pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure Storms due to more frequent and intense storms Reduce pollutant loadings from WWTP caused by rising water table and sea level Sea Level Rise (inundation, erosion) Reduce pollutant loadings from OSTDS caused by rising water table and sea level Sea Level Rise (inundation, erosion) Reduce pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure Sea Level Rise caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion)

Step 9. Preparing an Action Plan The objective of this step is to incorporate the Climate Ready Action Plan into CCMP. Nine Action Plans are proposed as an initial step towards reducing risks to the IRL watershed caused by increased pollutant loadings from WWTP, OSTDS, and Surface Water Storage and Conveyance Systems compromised by the three predominant climate stressors. Each plan consists of the following five steps:

1. Construct a georeferenced map of all WWTP, OSTDS, and Surface Water Storage and Conveyance Systems, including (invert) elevations, proximity to groundwater table and IRL shoreline, and service area. 2. Evaluate integrity of all WWTP, OSTDS, and Surface Water Storage and Conveyance Systems (age, design life, service history). 3. Evaluate the vulnerability of all WWTP, OSTDS, and Surface Water Storage and Conveyance Systems to the three predominant climate change stressors. 4. Prioritize risks to all WWTP, OSTDS, Surface Water Storage and Conveyance Systems based upon information generated in Steps 1–3. Consider prioritizing risks by generating a numerical score based upon an assessment of the consequences, spatial scale, likelihood, and urgency. 5. Prepare a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy containing a comprehensive set of goals and objectives to mitigate the risks to priority at risk WWTP, OSTDS, Surface Water Storage and Conveyance Systems.

A document describing the details of the proposed action plans, prepared in a format consistent with the action plans included in the revised CCMP, is included Appendix E. Climate Ready Estuary Action Plan.

Step 10. Monitoring and Review The objective of this step is to construct a framework to efficiently monitor and review the implementation and effectiveness of the IRL Climate Ready Estuary Action Plan.

Elevated pollutant loadings caused by climate change will likely complicate the ability of existing state programs (i.e., BMAPs and reasonable assurance plans or RAPs) to meet their respective water quality targets or TMDLs within the IRL watershed. Therefore, a partnership between IRLNEP and DEP should be

70 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 established specifically to collaborate on the monitoring and review of mitigative strategies (i.e., DEP BMAP, IRL Climate Ready Estuary Action Plan) designed to reduce water quality impairment caused by excessive nutrient loading within the IRL watershed (Figure 25). Both programs have a dedicated leadership structure, common goals and related action plans to improve water quality through nutrient reduction. There also exists an established stakeholder network (Appendix D. Organizational Network of RAP and BMAP Partners in the IRL Watershed), funding stream, and monitoring/reporting protocol that could be strengthened through collaboration.

To ensure the mitigation strategies associated with this partnership reflect current field conditions and state of knowledge, periodic (5 and/or 10 year) review and revision is recommended. Topics to consider include an evaluation of (1) progress towards reduction nutrients, (2) climate change stressors, (3) population growth and related changes in land use, and (4) ecological response of the estuary to natural and anthropogenic forces (Figure 25).

In summary, to significantly reduce IRL water quality impairment caused by changes in historical/future land use changes and climate change stressors, the input of nutrient pollution (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorous) from OSTDS, WWTP, and Surface Water Storage and Conveyance System infrastructure must be reduced. This will improve water quality, reduce impairment, and stimulate the recovery of a more resilient, climate ready estuary. Investment in wastewater and stormwater infrastructure improvements will also decrease the vulnerability of the human-built infrastructure to storms, climate change, and sea level rise within the IRL watershed.

71 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Note: AP = action plan Figure 25. Integrated delivery system for a climate ready Indian River Lagoon

72 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

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Chassignet, E., Jones, J., Misra, V., and Obeysekera, J. 2017. Executive Summary in Florida’s Climate: Changes, Variations, & Impacts. Florida Climate Institute. https://doi.org/10.17125/fci2017.exsum.

Dourte, D. R., Fraisse, C. W., and Bartels, W. L. 2015. Exploring changes in rainfall intensity and seasonal variability in the Southeastern US: Stakeholder engagement, observations, and adaptation. Climate Risk Management, 7, pp.11-19.

East Central Florida Regional Planning Council. 2018. East Central Florida Resiliency Action Plan. Prepared for Brevard and Volusia Counties.

Easterling, D. R., Kunkel, K. E., Arnold, J. R., Knutson, T., LeGrande, A. N., Leung, L. R., Vose, R. S., Waliser, D.E., and Wehner, M.F. 2017. Precipitation change in the United States. In: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I [Wuebbles, D. J., Fahey, D. W., Hibbard, K. A., Dokken, D. J., Stewart, B. C., and Maycock, T. K. (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 207-230, doi: 10.7930/J0H993CC.

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Hazards and Vulnerability Research Institute Department of Geography University of South Carolina. 2012. Incorporating Medical and Social Vulnerability into an All-Hazards Assessment for the State of Florida, Final Report to the Florida Department of Health.

Indian River County. 2015. Unified Local Mitigation Strategy.

Ingram, K. T., Dow, K., Carter, L., Anderson, J., and Sommer, E. K. 2013. Climate of the Southeast United States: variability, change, impacts, and vulnerability. Springer.

IRLNEP. 2008. Indian River Lagoon Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan Update 2008.

IRLNEP. 2019. Looking Ahead to 2030 – A 10-Year Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan for the Indian River Lagoon. Sebastian, Florida. https://onelagoon.org/wp-content/uploads/IRLNEP_Final- Draft-CCMP-REVISION_2018-12-07_LowRes__20200204.pdf.

Knutson, T. R., McBride, J.L., Chan, J., Emanuel, K., Holland, G., Landsea, C., Held, I., Kossin, J.P., Srivastava, A.K., Sugi, M., 2010. Tropical cyclones and climate change. Nature Geoscience 3, 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo779.

Kossin, J. P., Hall, T., Knutson, T., Kunkel, K. E., Trapp, R. J., Waliser, D. E. and Wehner, M.F. 2017. Extreme storms. In: Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I [Wuebbles, D. J., Fahey, D. W., Hibbard, K. A., Dokken, D. J., Stewart, B. C., and Maycock, T. K. (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 257-276, doi: 10.7930/J07S7KXX.

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Runkle, J., Kunkel, K., Champion, S., Frankson, R., Stewart, B., and Sweet, W. 2017. Florida State Climate Summary. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 149-FL.

St. Lucie County. 2016. St. Lucie County Local Mitigation Strategy Update.

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74 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Florida Shore and Beach Preservation Association Annual Conference, September 16–18, 2020.

75 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

APPENDIX A. RISK IDENTIFICATION

76 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Attain and Increased pollutant Increased pollutant Improve Decreased pollutant maintain water Increased pollutant Increased pollutant loadings due to loadings from infrastructure to loadings due to and sediment of loadings from loadings from WWTP changes in solubility WWTP and OSTDS reduce or increased Wastewater sufficient quality WWTP and OSTDS and OSTDS due to and/or toxicity due to rising water Updated remove human bioremediation to support a during high rainfall more frequent and caused by table and sea level sources of waste effectiveness caused by healthy estuarine events intense storm events acidification of (erosion, to IRL warmer temperatures ecosystem lagoon water inundation) Increased pollutant loadings due to changes in solubility

and/or toxicity caused by warmer temperature Attain and Increased pollutant Increased pollutant Increased pollutant Increased pollutant maintain water loadings from loadings from surface Increased pollutant Reduce surface loadings (urban, rural) loadings due to Surface Water and sediment of surface water water storage and loadings due to water discharge due to changes in changes in solubility (storm and sufficient quality storage and conveyance higher water table Updated and pollutant solubility and/or and/or toxicity fresh) to support a conveyance infrastructure caused caused by sea level loads to IRL toxicity caused by caused by healthy estuarine infrastructure during by more frequent and rise warmer temperature acidification ecosystem high rainfall events intense storm events Increased pollutant loadings due to Increased pollutant increased use of loadings due from chemical treatments in water storage and surface water storage conveyance and conveyance infrastructure systems to reduce caused by rising more frequent algae water table and sea blooms or expanding level (erosion, invasive plants caused inundation) by warmer temperature Increased pollutant loadings due to increased maintenance (cuttings, chemical applications) of greenspace caused by warmer temperature

77 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Changes in Provide scientific Changes in circulation, Enhance knowledge to thermohaline groundwater and Lagoon Changes in scientific better inform and circulation due to surface water Hydrology thermohaline understanding advise strategies polyline conditions hydrology due to New (groundwater, circulation due to of basin to support a caused by intervals rising water table natural flow) warmer temperature hydrology healthy estuarine of higher rainfall and and sea level ecosystem drought (erosion, inundation) Increased pollutant loadings due to Implement failure of pump out Reduction of Increased pollutant Reduced pollutant marina and Increased pollutant facilities, portable nutrient and loadings from site loadings due to boating loadings from site toilet dump Marina and chemical runoff during high decrease in number of education and runoff due to changes stations, fuel Boating pollutant loading, rainfall events, recreational boating Updated management in solubility and/or stations, and rest Pollution seabed especially after days caused by more plans to reduce toxicity caused by rooms caused by disturbance and extended periods of frequent and intense impacts to warmer temperature rising water table trash drought storm events ecosystem and sea level (erosion, inundation) Increased pollutant loadings from access facilities and associated infrastructure due to increased coastal erosion caused by more frequent and intense storm events Research, Increased atmospheric Increased develop and Increased deposition of nitrogen atmospheric implement atmospheric and other pollutants deposition of nitrogen Atmospheric strategies to Reduce nitrogen deposition of due to increasing and other pollutants Updated Deposition reduce or flux nitrogen and other demand for electricity due to more frequent remove pollutants during caused by warmer and intense storm atmospheric high rainfall events temperature events pollutants Attain and Decreased clarity due Decreased clarity Increased clarity Decreased clarity due Implement maintain water to an increase in the due to increased due to reduction in to erosion of seabed strategies to clarity sufficient growth rates and pollutant loadings erosion of seabed Water Clarity and shoreline caused Not listed improve water to support a survival of algae and from WWTP and caused by caused by more frequent and clarity healthy estuarine other taxa induced by OSTDS during high by increased intense storm events ecosystem warmer temperature rainfall events bathymetry

78 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Decreased clarity due to increased Decreased clarity due pollutant loadings to increased pollutant Decreased clarity from surface water loadings from WWTP due to erosion of

storage and and OSTDS during shoreline caused conveyance more frequent and by sea level rise infrastructure during intense storm events high rainfall events Decreased clarity due Decreased clarity to increased pollutant due to increased loadings from surface pollutant loadings water storage and from WWTP

conveyance caused by rising infrastructure caused water table and sea by more frequent and level (erosion, intense storm events inundation) Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from water storage and conveyance

infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level (erosion, inundation) Decreased DO Reduce frequency Decreased DO availability due to and duration of availability due to increased pollutant Implement Increased pollutant low DO events Decreased DO erosion of seabed and loadings from strategies to loadings from DO sufficient to solubility due to shoreline caused by WWTP caused by Not listed increase DO WWTP and OSTDS support a healthy warmer temperature caused by more rising water table content high rainfall events estuarine frequent and intense and sea level ecosystem storm events (erosion, inundation)

79 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Decreased DO Decreased DO availability due to Decreased DO availability due to Decreased DO increased pollutant availability due to increased pollutant availability due to loadings from accelerated loadings from increased pollutant water storage and decomposition of surface water loadings from WWTP conveyance organic matter caused storage and and OSTDS during infrastructure by warmer conveyance more frequent and caused by rising temperature infrastructure during intense storm events water table and sea high rainfall events level (erosion, inundation) Decreased DO availability due to Decreased DO increased pollutant availability due to loadings from surface more frequent algae water storage and blooms caused by conveyance warmer temperature infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events Increased Reduce frequency Increased chlorophyll a and duration of chlorophyll a Increased chlorophyll concentration due Increased chlorophyll a Implement elevated concentration due to a concentration due to increased concentration due to strategies to chlorophyll a increased pollutant to erosion of seabed pollutant loadings Chlorophyll a more frequent algae Not listed reduce events sufficient loadings from and shoreline caused from WWTP blooms caused by chlorophyll a to support a WWTP and OSTDS by more frequent and caused by rising warmer temperature healthy estuarine during high rainfall intense storm events water table and sea ecosystem events level (erosion, inundation) Increased Increased chlorophyll a chlorophyll a concentration due Increased chlorophyll concentration due to to increased a concentration due increased pollutant pollutant loadings to increased pollutant loadings from from water storage loadings from WWTP surface water and conveyance and OSTDS during storage and infrastructure more frequent and conveyance caused by rising intense storm events infrastructure during water table and sea high rainfall events level (erosion, inundation)

80 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events Restore natural sediments, Decrease in water Decreased muck Implement decrease turbidity quality due to erosion redistribution due Legacy Nutrient, strategies to and nutrient flux and resuspension of to reduction in Pollutant, and Modified remove and/or sufficient to seabed caused by erosion of seabed Sediment Loads reduce muck support a healthy more frequent and by increased estuarine intense storm events bathymetry ecosystem Increased habitat Develop a Increased habitat and Decreased vitality of Decreased habitat and species management Increased habitat and species disruption calcifying organisms and species disruption due to strategy based Restore and species due to seabed and (i.e., shellfish) and disruption due to polyhaline Biodiversity upon a protect disruption/migration shoreline erosion other habitat less seabed erosion Updated conditions caused by comprehensive biodiversity due to warmer caused by more dependent taxa due caused by intervals of higher assessment of temperature frequent and intense to more acidic deepening rainfall and extended biodiversity storm events conditions bathymetry periods of drought Increased habitat Increased habitat and Increased habitat Increased habitat and and species species disruption due and species species disruption disruption due to to elevated pollutant disruption due to due to increased increased pollutant loadings caused by increased pollutant pollutant loading from loading from

changes in solubility loadings from WWTP and OSTDS WWTP and OSTDS and/or toxicity induced WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent caused by rising by warmer during high rainfall and intense storm water table and sea temperature events events level (inundation, erosion)

81 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Increased habitat Increased habitat and Increased habitat and species species disruption due and species Increased habitat and disruption due to to elevated pollutant disruption due to species disruption increased pollutant loadings in surface increased pollutant due to increased loading from water storage and loadings from pollutant loading from surface water conveyance surface water surface water storage storage and infrastructure caused storage and and conveyance conveyance by caused by longer conveyance infrastructure during infrastructure growing season infrastructure more frequent and caused by rising induced by warmer caused by high intense storm events water table and sea temperature rainfall events level (inundation, erosion) Increased habitat and species disruption due to rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Decreased habitat Increased habitat Increased habitat and Decreased vitality of and species Support the and species species disruption calcifying organisms disruption due to implementation Restore and Increased habitat and disruption due to due to erosion of (i.e., shellfish) and less seabed erosion of a strategy to protect a species disruption due polyhaline Seagrass seabed and shoreline other habitat and increased Updated restore and functioning to warmer conditions caused by caused by more dependent taxa due water clarity protect seagrass ecosystem temperature intervals of higher frequent and intense to more acidic caused by habitat rainfall and extended storm events conditions deepening periods of drought bathymetry Increased habitat and species Increased habitat and Increased habitat Increased habitat and disruption due to species disruption due and species species disruption increased pollutant to increased pollutant disruption due to due to increased loadings from loading caused by increased pollutant pollutant loadings WWTP and OSTDS changes in solubility loadings from from WWTP and in response to and/or toxicity induced WWTP and OSTDS OSTDS during more rising water table by warmer during high rainfall frequent and intense and sea level temperature events storm events (inundation, erosion)

82 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Increased habitat and species Increased habitat Increased habitat and Increased habitat and disruption due to and species species disruption species disruption due increased pollutant disruption due to due to increased to elevated pollutant loadings from increased pollutant pollutant loadings loadings from surface surface water loadings from from surface water water storage and storage and surface water storage and conveyance conveyance storage and conveyance infrastructure caused infrastructure in conveyance infrastructure during by warmer response to rising infrastructure during more frequent and temperature water table and sea high rainfall events intense storm events level (inundation, erosion) Increased habitat and species Increased in carbon opportunities due sequestration due to to submergence increased coverage and flooding of caused by warmer upland areas temperature caused by sea level rise Increased habitat Increased habitat Support the and species Increased habitat and and species implementation Restore and Increased habitat and disruption due to species disruption Wetlands and disruption due to of a strategy to maintain a species disruption due polyhaline due to shoreline Impounded rising water table Updated restore and functioning to warmer conditions caused by erosion caused by Marshes and sea level protect wetland ecosystem temperature intervals of higher more frequent and (inundation, habitat rainfall and extended intense storm events erosion) periods of drought Increased habitat and species Increased habitat and opportunities due species disruption due to submergence

to changes in and flooding of evapotranspiration upland areas caused by sea level rise

83 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Increased habitat and species Increased carbon disruption due to sequestration due to upland barriers to transition expansion of existing wetland mangrove habitat migration into caused by warmer upland areas temperature during sea level rise Change in carbon sequestration due to habitat and

species disruption caused by warmer temperature Decreased habitat Increased habitat Increased habitat and Decreased vitality of and species and species Support the species disruption calcifying organisms disruption due to Rare, Increased habitat and disruption due to implementation due to erosion of (i.e., shellfish) and less seabed erosion Threatened, species disruption due polyhaline of a strategy to Species recovery seabed and shoreline other habitat and increased Updated Endangered, to warmer conditions caused by protect and caused by more dependent taxa due water clarity and SOSC temperature intervals of higher manage species frequent and intense to more acidic caused by rainfall and extended storm events conditions deepening periods of drought bathymetry Increased habitat Increased habitat and and species Increased habitat species disruption disruption due to Increased habitat and and species due to increased increased pollutant species disruption due disruption due to pollutant loading from loadings from to lower oxygen increased pollutant WWTP and OSTDS WWTP and OSTDS solubility caused by loading from WWTP during more frequent caused by rising warmer temperature and OSTDS during and intense storm water table and sea high rainfall events events level (inundation, erosion)

84 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Increased habitat and species Increased habitat Increased habitat and disruption due to Increased habitat and and species species disruption increased pollutant species disruption due disruption due to due to increased loadings from to lower oxygen increased pollutant pollutant loading from surface water availability cause by loading from surface surface water storage storage and more frequent algae water storage and and conveyance conveyance blooms induced by conveyance infrastructure during infrastructure warmer temperature infrastructure during more frequent and caused by rising high rainfall events intense storm events water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Increased habitat and species disruption due Increased habitat to lower oxygen and species availability caused by disruption due to accelerated growth and rising water table decay of invasive and sea level plants within basin (inundation, induced by warmer erosion) temperature Decreased habitat Increased habitat Increased habitat and Decreased vitality of and species and species Support the species disruption calcifying organisms disruption due to Fisheries Increased habitat and disruption due to implementation due to seabed and (i.e., shellfish) and less seabed erosion (forage, species disruption due polyhaline of a strategy to Species recovery shoreline erosion other habitat and increased Updated recreational, to warmer conditions caused by restore and caused by more dependent taxa due water clarity commercial) temperature intervals of higher protect fisheries frequent and intense to more acidic caused by rainfall and extended storm events conditions deepening periods of drought bathymetry Increased habitat Increased habitat Increased habitat and and species and species species disruption disruption due to Increased habitat and disruption due to due to increased increased pollutant species disruption due increased pollutant pollutant loadings loadings from to lower oxygen loadings from from WWTP and WWTP and OSTDS solubility caused by WWTP and OSTDS OSTDS during more caused by rising warmer temperature during high rainfall frequent and intense water table and sea events storm events level (inundation, erosion)

85 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Increased habitat and species Increased habitat and disruption due to Increased habitat species disruption Increased habitat and increased pollutant and species due to increased species disruption due loadings from disruption from pollutant loadings to lower oxygen surface water surface water from surface water availability cause by storage and storage and storage and more frequent algae conveyance conveyance conveyance blooms induced by infrastructure infrastructure during infrastructure during warmer temperature caused by rising high rainfall events more frequent and water table and sea intense storm events level (inundation, erosion) Accelerated spread of existing or new Accelerated spread of Support the Accelerated spread Accelerated spread threats to Accelerated spread of existing or new Biotoxins, implementation of existing or new of existing or new ecosystem health Biotoxins, existing or new threats threats to ecosystem Infections, and of a strategy to threats to ecosystem threats to from WWTP and infections, to ecosystem health health from WWTP Updated Other Health reduce threats to health from WWTP ecosystem health OSTDS caused by diseases due to warmer and OSTDS during Threats ecosystem and OSTDS during due to more acidic rising water table temperature more frequent and health high rainfall events conditions and sea level intense storm events (inundation, erosion) Accelerated spread of existing or new Accelerated spread of Accelerated spread threats to existing or new of existing or new ecosystem health threats to ecosystem threats to ecosystem from surface water health from surface health from surface storage and water storage and water storage and conveyance conveyance conveyance infrastructure infrastructure during infrastructure during caused by rising more frequent and high rainfall events water table and sea intense storm events level (inundation, erosion) Accelerated spread Decrease exotic Reduction in Remove exotic of exotic and Accelerated spread of and invasive upland exotic and and invasive Accelerated spread of invasive species due exotic and invasive species invasive species Exotic and species to exotic and invasive to polyhaline species from WWTP competitive due to rising water Updated Invasive Species compliment species due to warmer conditions caused by and OSTDS during impacts on native table and sea level habitat temperature intervals of higher more frequent and habitats and (inundation, restoration rainfall and extended intense storm events species erosion) periods of drought

86 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Accelerated spread Accelerated spread of of exotic and Accelerated spread of Accelerated spread exotic and invasive invasive species exotic and invasive of exotic and species from surface from WWTP and species due to invasive species water storage and OSTDS caused by increased wildfires from WWTP and conveyance rising water table caused by warmer OSTDS during high infrastructure during and sea level temperature rainfall events more frequent and (inundation, intense storm events erosion) Accelerated spread of exotic and Accelerated spread invasive species of exotic and from surface water invasive species storage and from surface water conveyance storage and infrastructure conveyance caused by rising infrastructure during water table and sea high rainfall events level (erosion and inundation) Increased habitat Increased habitat Support and species Increased habitat and Restore and Increased habitat and species research to Increased habitat and distribution due to species disruption protect shoreline and species disruption due to Living optimize species distribution polyhaline due to shoreline habitat and disruption due to rising water table New Shorelines function and due to warmer conditions caused by erosion caused by ecosystem more acidic and sea level resilience of temperature intervals of higher more frequent and function conditions (inundation, installations rainfall and extended intense storm events erosion) periods of drought Increased physical Increased physical and chemical Increased chemical and chemical Archeological Increased biological Increased chemical degradation due to degradation due to degradation due to Resources (shell Restore and and chemical degradation due to shoreline erosion and acidification of rain, rising water table New works, mounds, protect degradation due to higher rainfall flooding during more ground, and lagoon and sea level middens) warmer temperature frequent and intense water (inundation, storm events erosion) Decreased Decreased access recreational activities, Decreased due flooding of Implement especially boating Adequate and Decreased recreational recreational land or access strategies to related, due to failure Public Access appropriate activities due to activities due to infrastructure Not listed increase public of infrastructure access warmer temperature increased number of caused by rising access caused by more high rainfall events water table and sea frequent and intense level storm events

87 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Changes in Increasing Consistency Issue Action Objective Water Temperature Acidification Sea Level Rise Precipitation Storminess with CCMP Decreased recreational Decreased recreational activities due to activities due to Decreased access increased habitat accelerated spread of due increased and species existing or new viral, presence of disruption due to bacterial, fungal, and navigational polyhaline parasitic infections obstacles caused by conditions caused by caused by warmer rising sea level intervals of higher temperature rainfall and extended periods of drought Decreased recreational activities due to reduced water clarity caused by increased pollutant loadings Decreased Decreased Create a Decreased volunteer Decreased volunteer volunteer volunteer Achieve Decreased volunteer Public constituency of participation in participation in participation in participation in heightened public participation in Education and informed and activities due to activities due to more activities due to activities due to Updated awareness of the activities due to Involvement involved increased number of frequent and intense learned learned ecosystem warmer temperature stakeholders high rainfall events storm events helplessness and helplessness and self-efficacy issues self-efficacy issues Decreased volunteer Decreased volunteer Decreased volunteer participation in participation in participation in activities due to activities due to activities due to learned helplessness learned helplessness learned helplessness and self-efficacy and self-efficacy and self-efficacy issues issues issues

88 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

APPENDIX B. RISK EVALUATION The following tables present the initial risk evaluation conducted as part of Phase I of this project.

89 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Risk Evaluation Consequence/Probability Matrix – Sediment and Water Quality Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score Warmer 3 – Decreased DO solubility due to DO 3 3 3 3 12 High temperature warmer temperature 3 – Decreased DO availability due to more Warmer DO frequent algae blooms caused by warmer 3 3 3 3 12 High temperature temperature 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration Warmer Chlorophyll a due to more frequent algae blooms 3 3 3 3 12 High temperature caused by warmer temperature 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from Increased Wastewater WWTP and OSTDS due to more frequent 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate storminess and intense storm events 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from Changes in Surface Water surface water storage and conveyance 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate precipitation infrastructure during high rainfall events 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from Increased surface water storage and conveyance Surface Water 2 3 2 3 10 High storminess infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased pollutant loadings due from water storage and conveyance Surface Water Sea level rise 2 3 2 3 10 High infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Changes in circulation, groundwater Lagoon and surface water hydrology due to rising Sea level rise 2 3 3 2 10 High Hydrology water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Decreased clarity due to an increase in Warmer the growth rates and survival of algae and Water Clarity 2 3 3 2 10 High temperature other taxa induced by warmer temperature 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased Changes in Water Clarity pollutant loadings from WWTP during 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate precipitation high rainfall events 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased Changes in pollutant loadings from surface water Water Clarity 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate precipitation storage and conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased Increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and Water Clarity 2 3 2 3 10 High storminess OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events

90 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water Increased Water Clarity storage and conveyance infrastructure 2 3 2 3 10 High storminess caused by more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from WWTP caused by Water Clarity Sea level rise 2 3 2 3 10 High rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Decreased clarity due to increased pollutant loadings from water storage and Water Clarity Sea level rise conveyance infrastructure caused by 2 3 2 3 10 High rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Changes in 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from DO 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate precipitation WWTP and OSTDS high rainfall events 3 – Decreased DO availability due to Changes in increased pollutant loadings from surface DO 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate precipitation water storage and conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events 3 – Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings from surface Increased DO water storage and conveyance 2 3 2 3 10 High storminess infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings from WWTP DO Sea level rise 2 3 2 3 10 High caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Decreased DO availability due to increased pollutant loadings from water DO Sea level rise storage and conveyance infrastructure 2 3 2 3 10 High caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration Changes in due to increased pollutant loadings from Chlorophyll a 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate precipitation WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall events 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration Changes in due to increased pollutant loadings from Chlorophyll a 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate precipitation surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events

91 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased pollutant loadings from Increased Chlorophyll a surface water storage and conveyance 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate storminess infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased pollutant loadings from Chlorophyll a Sea level rise water storage and conveyance 2 3 2 3 10 Moderate infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from Changes in Wastewater WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate precipitation events 3 – Increased pollutant loadings from Wastewater Sea level rise WWTP and OSTDS due to rising water 2 3 2 2 9 High table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Decreased DO availability due to Warmer DO accelerated decomposition of organic 1 3 3 2 9 Moderate temperature matter caused by warmer temperature 3 – Decreased DO availability due to Increased increased pollutant loadings from WWTP DO 2 3 2 2 9 High storminess and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration Increased due to increased pollutant loadings from Chlorophyll a 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate storminess WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration due to increased pollutant loadings from Chlorophyll a Sea level rise 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate WWTP caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased pollutant loadings (urban, Warmer Surface Water rural) due to changes in solubility and/or 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate temperature toxicity caused by warmer temperature 2 – Increased pollutant loadings due to Warmer increased maintenance (cuttings, Surface Water 2 2 2 2 8 Moderate temperature chemical applications) of greenspace caused by warmer temperature Lagoon Warmer 2 – Changes in thermohaline circulation 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Hydrology temperature due to warmer temperature 2 – Changes in thermohaline circulation Lagoon Changes in due to polyline conditions caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Hydrology precipitation intervals of higher rainfall and drought

92 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 2 – Increased atmospheric deposition of Atmospheric Warmer nitrogen and other pollutants due to 1 2 3 2 8 Low Deposition temperature increasing demand for electricity caused by warmer temperature 2 – Increased atmospheric deposition of Atmospheric Changes in nitrogen and other pollutants during high 1 2 3 2 8 Low Deposition precipitation rainfall events 2 – Increased atmospheric deposition of Atmospheric Increased nitrogen and other pollutants due to more 1 2 3 2 8 Low Deposition storminess frequent and intense storm events 2 – Decreased clarity due to erosion of Increased Water Clarity seabed and shoreline caused by more 1 2 2 2 7 High storminess frequent and intense storm events 2 – Decreased clarity due to erosion of Water Clarity Sea level rise 1 2 2 2 7 High shoreline caused by sea level rise 2 – Decreased DO availability due to Increased erosion of seabed and shoreline caused by DO 1 2 2 2 7 High storminess caused by more frequent and intense storm events 2 – Increased chlorophyll a concentration Increased due to erosion of seabed and shoreline Chlorophyll a 1 2 2 2 7 Moderate storminess caused by more frequent and intense storm events 2 – Decrease in water quality due to Increased erosion and resuspension of seabed Legacy Nutrients 1 2 2 2 7 High storminess caused by more frequent and intense storm events 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to Warmer Wastewater changes in solubility and/or toxicity 1 1 2 2 6 Medium temperature caused by warmer temperature 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to Wastewater Acidification changes in solubility and/or toxicity 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate caused by acidification of lagoon water 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to increased use of chemical treatments in Warmer surface water storage and conveyance Surface Water 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate temperature infrastructure to reduce more frequent algae blooms or expanding invasive plants caused by warmer temperature 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to Surface Water Acidification changes in solubility and/or toxicity 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate caused by acidification 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to Surface Water Sea level rise 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate higher water table caused by sea level rise

93 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 1 – Increased pollutant loadings from access facilities and associated Marina and Boat Increased infrastructure due to increased coastal 1 2 1 2 6 High Pollution storminess erosion caused by more frequent and intense storm events 1 – Increased pollutant loadings due to failure of pump out facilities, portable Marina and Boat Sea level rise toilet dump stations, fuel stations, and 1 2 1 2 6 High Pollution rest rooms caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 1 – Increased pollutant loadings from site Marina and Boat Warmer runoff due to changes in solubility and/or 1 1 1 2 5 Moderate Pollution temperature toxicity caused by warmer temperature 1 – Increased pollutant loadings from site Marina and Boat Changes in runoff during high rainfall events, 1 1 1 2 5 Moderate Pollution precipitation especially after extended periods of drought Decreased pollutant loadings due to Warmer Not Wastewater increased bioremediation effectiveness Yes High temperature applicable caused by warmer temperatures Lagoon Increased Not Not applicable Hydrology storminess applicable Lagoon Not Acidification Not applicable Hydrology applicable Reduced pollutant loadings due to Marina and Boat Increased decrease in number of recreational Not Yes Low Pollution storminess boating days caused by more frequent applicable and intense storm events Marina and Boat Not Acidification Not applicable Pollution applicable Atmospheric Not Acidification Not applicable Deposition applicable Atmospheric Not Sea level rise Not applicable Deposition applicable Not Water Clarity Acidification Not applicable applicable Increased clarity due to reduction in Not Water Clarity Sea level rise erosion of seabed caused by caused by Yes Moderate applicable increased bathymetry Not Not Not Not Not Not DO Acidification Not applicable Not applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable Not Not Not Not Not Not Chlorophyll a Acidification Not applicable Not applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable

94 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score Warmer Not Not Not Not Not Not Legacy Nutrients Not applicable Not applicable temperature applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable Changes in Not Not Not Not Not Not Legacy Nutrients Not applicable Not applicable precipitation applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable Increased Not Not Not Not Not Not Legacy Nutrients Not applicable Not applicable storminess applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable Not Not Not Not Not Not Legacy Nutrients Acidification Not applicable Not applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable Decreased muck redistribution due to Not Legacy Nutrients Sea level rise reduction in erosion of seabed by Yes - - - - Moderate applicable increased bathymetry * Red (3) = higher, Yellow (2) = high, Green (1) = moderate

95 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Risk Evaluation Consequence/Probability Matrix – Natural Resources Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 3 – Increased habitat and species Wetlands and disruption due to upland barriers to Impounded Sea level rise 3 3 3 2 11 High existing wetland migration into upland Marshes areas during sea level rise 3 – Increased habitat and species Living Increased disruption due to shoreline erosion 2 3 3 3 11 High Shorelines storminess caused by more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased habitat and species Wetlands and Increased disruption due to shoreline erosion Impounded 2 3 3 2 10 High storminess caused by more frequent and intense Marshes storm events Wetlands and 3 – Increased habitat and species Impounded Sea level rise disruption due to rising water table and 2 3 3 2 10 High Marshes sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased habitat and species Living Sea level rise disruption due to rising water table and 2 3 3 2 10 High Shorelines sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased physical and chemical Archeological Increased degradation due to shoreline erosion and 2 3 3 2 10 High Resources storminess flooding during more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased physical and chemical Archeological Sea level rise degradation due to rising water table and 2 3 3 2 10 High Resources sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased habitat and species Changes in disruption due to increased pollutant Biodiversity 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate precipitation loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant Changes in Biodiversity loadings from surface water storage and 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate precipitation conveyance infrastructure caused by high rainfall events 3 – Increased habitat and species Increased disruption due to increased pollutant Biodiversity 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate storminess loading from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant Increased Biodiversity loading from surface water storage and 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate storminess conveyance infrastructure during more frequent and intense storm events

96 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 3 – Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., shellfish) and other Biodiversity Acidification 1 3 3 2 9 High habitat dependent taxa due to more acidic conditions 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant Biodiversity Sea level rise loading from WWTP and OSTDS caused 2 3 2 2 9 High by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased habitat and species Biodiversity Sea level rise disruption due to rising water table and 1 3 3 2 9 Moderate sea level (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to elevated pollutant Warmer Seagrass loadings from surface water storage and 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate temperature conveyance infrastructure caused by warmer temperature 3 – Increased habitat and species Changes in disruption due to increased pollutant Seagrass 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate precipitation loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant Changes in Seagrass loadings from surface water storage and 2 3 2 2 9 High precipitation conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events 3 – Increased habitat and species Increased disruption due to increased pollutant Seagrass 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate storminess loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant Increased Seagrass loadings from surface water storage and 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate storminess conveyance infrastructure during more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., shellfish, epiphytes) and Seagrass Acidification 1 3 3 2 9 High other habitat dependent taxa due to more acidic conditions 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant Seagrass Sea level rise loadings from WWTP and OSTDS in 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate response to rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion)

97 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and Seagrass Sea level rise 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate conveyance infrastructure in response to rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Wetlands and Warmer 3 – Increased habitat and species Impounded 1 2 3 3 9 Moderate temperature disruption due to warmer temperature Marshes Rare, 3 – Increased habitat and species Threatened, Changes in disruption due to increased pollutant 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, and precipitation loading from WWTP and OSTDS during SOSC high rainfall events 3 – Increased habitat and species Rare, disruption due to increased pollutant Threatened, Changes in loading from surface water storage and 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, and precipitation conveyance infrastructure during high SOSC rainfall events Rare, 3 – Increased habitat and species Threatened, Increased disruption due to increased pollutant 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, and storminess loading from WWTP and OSTDS during SOSC more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased habitat and species Rare, disruption due to increased pollutant Threatened, Increased loading from surface water storage and 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, and storminess conveyance infrastructure during more SOSC frequent and intense storm events Rare, 3 – Decreased vitality of calcifying Threatened, organisms (i.e., shellfish, epiphytes) and Acidification 1 3 3 2 9 High Endangered, and other habitat dependent taxa due to more SOSC acidic conditions 3 – Increased habitat and species Rare, disruption due to increased pollutant Threatened, Sea level rise loadings from WWTP and OSTDS caused 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, and by rising water table and sea level SOSC (inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased habitat and species Rare, disruption due to increased pollutant Threatened, loadings from surface water storage and Sea level rise 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate Endangered, and conveyance infrastructure caused by SOSC rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion)

98 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score Rare, 3 – Increased habitat and species Threatened, Sea level rise disruption due to rising water table and 1 3 3 2 9 Moderate Endangered, and sea level (inundation, erosion) SOSC 3 – Increased habitat and species Changes in disruption due to increased pollutant Fisheries 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate precipitation loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during high rainfall events 3 – Increased habitat and species Changes in disruption from surface water storage Fisheries 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate precipitation and conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events 3 – Increased habitat and species Increased disruption due to increased pollutant Fisheries 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate storminess loadings from WWTP and OSTDS during more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant Increased Fisheries loadings from surface water storage and 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate storminess conveyance infrastructure during more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Decreased vitality of calcifying organisms (i.e., shellfish) and other Fisheries Acidification 1 3 3 2 9 High habitat dependent taxa due to more acidic conditions 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant Fisheries Sea level rise loadings from WWTP and OSTDS caused 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate by rising water table and sea level (i.e., inundation, erosion) 3 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loadings from surface water storage and Fisheries Sea level rise 2 3 2 2 9 Moderate conveyance infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Toxins, Infectious 3 – Accelerated spread of existing or new Warmer Agents, and threats to ecosystem health due to 2 2 3 2 9 Med temperature Other Health warmer temperature Threats Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species Biodiversity 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate temperature disruption due to warmer temperature

99 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to elevated pollutant Warmer Biodiversity loadings caused by changes in solubility 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate temperature and/or toxicity induced by warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to elevated pollutant Warmer loadings in surface water storage and Biodiversity 2 2 2 2 8 Moderate temperature conveyance infrastructure caused by caused by longer growing season induced by warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species Changes in disruption due to polyhaline conditions Biodiversity 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate precipitation caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended periods of drought 2 – Increased habitat and species Increased disruption due to erosion of seabed and Biodiversity 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate storminess shoreline caused by more frequent and intense storm events 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant loading from surface water storage and Biodiversity Sea level rise 1 3 2 2 8 Moderate conveyance infrastructure caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species Seagrass 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate temperature disruption due to warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to increased pollutant Warmer Seagrass loading caused by changes in solubility 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate temperature and/or toxicity induced by warmer temperature 2 – Change in carbon sequestration due to Warmer Seagrass habitat and species disruption caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate temperature warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species Changes in disruption due to polyhaline conditions Seagrass 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate precipitation caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended periods of drought 2 – Increased habitat and species Increased disruption due to erosion of seabed and Seagrass 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate storminess shoreline caused by more frequent and intense storm events

100 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score Wetlands and 2 – Increased habitat and species Warmer Impounded disruption due to changes in 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate temperature Marshes evapotranspiration Wetlands and 2 – Change in carbon sequestration due to Warmer Impounded habitat and species disruption caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate temperature Marshes warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species Wetlands and Changes in disruption due to polyhaline conditions Impounded 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate precipitation caused by intervals of higher rainfall and Marshes extended periods of drought Wetlands and 2 – Change in carbon sequestration due to Impounded Sea level rise habitat and species disruption caused by 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Marshes warmer temperature Rare, Threatened, Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Endangered, and temperature disruption due to warmer temperature SOSC Rare, 2 – Increased habitat and species Threatened, Warmer disruption due to lower oxygen solubility 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Endangered, and temperature caused by warmer temperature SOSC Rare, 2 – Increased habitat and species Threatened, Warmer disruption due to lower oxygen 1 2 3 2 8 Low Endangered, and temperature availability cause by more frequent algae SOSC blooms induced by warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species Rare, disruption due to lower oxygen Threatened, Warmer availability caused by accelerated growth 1 2 3 2 8 Low Endangered, and temperature and decay of invasive plants within basin SOSC induced by warmer temperature Rare, 2 – Increased habitat and species Threatened, Changes in disruption due to polyhaline conditions 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Endangered, and precipitation caused by intervals of higher rainfall and SOSC extended periods of drought Rare, 2 – Increased habitat and species Threatened, Increased disruption due to erosion of seabed and 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Endangered, and storminess shoreline caused by more frequent and SOSC intense storm events Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species Fisheries 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate temperature disruption due to warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species Warmer Fisheries disruption due to lower oxygen solubility 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate temperature caused by warmer temperature

101 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 2 – Increased habitat and species disruption due to lower oxygen Warmer Fisheries availability caused by more frequent 1 2 3 2 8 Low temperature algae blooms induced by warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species Changes in disruption due to polyhaline conditions Fisheries 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate precipitation caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended periods of drought 2 – Increased habitat and species Increased disruption due to seabed and shoreline Fisheries 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate storminess erosion caused by more frequent and intense storm events Toxins, 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new Infectious Changes in threats to ecosystem health from surface Agents, and 2 1 3 2 8 High precipitation water storage and conveyance Other Health infrastructure during high rainfall events Threats Toxins, 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new Infectious threats to ecosystem health from WWTP Agents, and Sea level rise 2 2 2 2 8 Med and OSTDS caused by rising water table Other Health and sea level (inundation, erosion) Threats 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and Exotic and Warmer invasive species due to warmer 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Invasive Species temperature temperature 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and Exotic and Changes in invasive species due to polyhaline 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate Invasive Species precipitation conditions caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Toxins, Infectious 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new Changes in Agents, and threats to ecosystem health from WWTP 1 1 3 2 7 Med precipitation Other Health and OSTDS during high rainfall events Threats Toxins, 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new Infectious Increased threats to ecosystem health from WWTP Agents, and 2 1 2 2 7 High storminess and OSTDS during more frequent and Other Health intense storm events Threats Toxins, Infectious 2 – Accelerated spread of existing or new Agents, and Acidification threats to ecosystem health due to more 1 1 3 2 7 Med Other Health acidic conditions Threats

102 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and Exotic and Warmer invasive species due to increased 1 2 2 2 7 Moderate Invasive Species temperature wildfires caused by warmer temperature 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and Exotic and Changes in invasive species from WWTP and OSTDS 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Invasive Species precipitation during high rainfall events 2 – Accelerated spread of exotic and Exotic and Changes in invasive species from surface water 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Invasive Species precipitation storage and conveyance infrastructure during high rainfall events Living Warmer 2 – Increased habitat and species 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Shorelines temperature distribution due to warmer temperature 2 – Increased habitat and species Living Changes in distribution due to polyhaline conditions 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Shorelines precipitation caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Living 2 – Increased habitat and species Acidification 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Shorelines disruption due to more acidic conditions Archeological Warmer 2 – Increased biological and chemical 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Resources temperature degradation due to warmer temperature Archeological Changes in 2 – Increased chemical degradation due to 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate Resources precipitation higher rainfall * Red (3) = higher, Yellow (2) = high, Green (1) = moderate

103 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Risk Evaluation Consequence/Probability Matrix – Stakeholder Engagement Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score Toxins, 1 – Accelerated spread of existing or new Infectious threats to ecosystem health from surface Increased Agents, and water storage and conveyance 1 1 2 2 6 High storminess Other Health infrastructure during more frequent and Threats intense storm events Toxins, 1 – Accelerated spread of existing or new Infectious threats to ecosystem health from surface Agents, and Sea level rise water storage and conveyance 1 1 2 2 6 Med Other Health infrastructure caused by rising water Threats table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 1 – Accelerated spread of exotic and Exotic and Increased invasive species from WWTP and OSTDS 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate Invasive Species storminess during more frequent and intense storm events 1 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from surface water Exotic and Increased storage and conveyance infrastructure 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate Invasive Species storminess during more frequent and intense storm events 1 – Accelerated spread of exotic and Exotic and invasive species from WWTP and OSTDS Sea level rise 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate Invasive Species caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) 1 – Accelerated spread of exotic and invasive species from surface water Exotic and Sea level rise storage and conveyance infrastructure 1 1 2 2 6 Moderate Invasive Species caused by rising water table and sea level (erosion and inundation) Decreased habitat and species disruption Not Biodiversity Sea level rise due to less seabed erosion caused by Yes Moderate applicable deepening bathymetry Decreased habitat and species disruption due to less seabed erosion and increased Not Seagrass Sea level rise Yes Moderate water clarity caused by deepening applicable bathymetry Increased habitat and species opportunities due to submergence and Not Seagrass Sea level rise Yes Moderate flooding of upland areas caused by sea applicable level rise Wetlands and Impounded Acidification Not applicable Marshes

104 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score Increased habitat and species Wetlands and opportunities due to submergence and Not Impounded Sea level rise Yes - - - - Moderate flooding of upland areas caused by sea applicable Marshes level rise Rare, Decreased habitat and species disruption Threatened, due to less seabed erosion and increased Not Sea level rise Yes - - - - Moderate Endangered, and water clarity caused by deepening applicable SOSC bathymetry Decreased habitat and species disruption due to less seabed erosion and increased Not Fisheries Sea level rise Yes - - - - Moderate water clarity caused by deepening applicable bathymetry Reduction in upland exotic and invasive Exotic and Not Sea level rise species due to rising water table and sea Yes - - - - Moderate Invasive Species applicable level (inundation, erosion) Archeological Not Not Not Not Not Not Acidification Not applicable Not applicable Resources applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable applicable 3 – Decreased recreational activities due Warmer to accelerated spread of existing or new Public Access 2 2 3 3 10 High temperature viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections caused by warmer temperature 3 – Decreased access due increased Public Access Sea level rise presence of navigational obstacles caused 2 3 3 2 10 High by rising sea level 3 – Decreased recreational activities due Warmer Public Access to reduced water clarity caused by 2 2 3 2 9 Moderate temperature increased pollutant loadings 3 – Decreased recreational activities, Increased especially boating related, due to failure Public Access 2 2 3 2 9 Moderate storminess of infrastructure caused by more frequent and intense storm events 3 – Decreased access due flooding of land Public Access Sea level rise or access infrastructure caused by rising 2 2 3 2 9 Moderate water table and sea level 2 – Decreased recreational activities due to increased habitat and species Changes in Public Access disruption due to polyhaline conditions 1 2 3 2 8 Moderate precipitation caused by intervals of higher rainfall and extended periods of drought Warmer 2 – Decreased recreational activities due Public Access 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate temperature to warmer temperature 2 – Decreased recreational activities due Changes in Public Access to increased number of high rainfall 1 1 3 2 7 Low precipitation events

105 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 Organizational Climate Spatial Time Preliminary Risk* Opportunity Consequence Likelihood Confidence Goal Stressor Extent Horizon Score Public Education Warmer 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate and Involvement temperature activities due to warmer temperature 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in Public Education Warmer activities due to learned helplessness and 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate and Involvement temperature self-efficacy issues 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in Public Education Changes in activities due to increased number of high 1 1 3 2 7 Low and Involvement precipitation rainfall events 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in Public Education Changes in activities due to learned helplessness and 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate and Involvement precipitation self-efficacy issues 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in Public Education Increased activities due to more frequent and 1 1 3 2 7 Low and Involvement storminess intense storm events 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in Public Education Increased activities due to learned helplessness and 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate and Involvement storminess self-efficacy issues 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in Public Education Acidification activities due to learned helplessness and 1 1 3 2 7 Low and Involvement self-efficacy issues 2 – Decreased volunteer participation in Public Education Sea level rise activities due to learned helplessness and 1 1 3 2 7 Moderate and Involvement self-efficacy issues Public Access Acidification Not applicable Moderate * Red (3) = higher, Yellow (2) = high, Green (1) = moderate

106 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

APPENDIX C. RESULTS OF REAL-TIME POLLING Real-time polling and surveys were conducted during four stakeholder engagement meetings in 2018 and through follow-up communication via the IRLNEP. Stakeholder groups included subject matter experts from, for example, estuarine restoration councils; coastal observations; marine engineering; and local, state and federal government, each representing a respective constituency. Survey results are summarized in the following sections. Results represent a total (non-redundant) sample size of 66 respondents. These results were used by the project team as a means of ensuring the results of the risk-based vulnerability assessment were appropriately informed by stakeholders within the IRL watershed.

Focus Areas for Management Practices – Water and Sediment Quality Respondents were asked to choose a single management target associated with sediment and water quality that was most important and could be realistically addressed. Stormwater discharges and onsite sewer were most commonly selected by respondents, accounting for 27% and 24% of responses. Figure C- 1 shows the breakdown of responses by target option.

Figure C-1. Targets for management actions – sediment and water quality

The breakdown of most important targets by county is shown in Figure C- 2 (although it is important to note that the county-level breakdown has to be interpreted in the context of the varied level of response by county).

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Figure C-2. Most important targets by county – sediment and water quality

Scale of Impact, Time Horizon, Effects, and Cost of Management Practices – Water and Sediment Quality The majority of respondents (63%) indicated that the effects of their chosen management targets would most likely be extensive, meaning that most of the watershed or estuary would be affected. About a quarter of respondents indicated that the place of region (e.g. community, harbor, state park, wildlife refuge, sub- watershed) would be most impacted, while 10% indicated sites (e.g. a few waterfront lots, a bridge, a sewage treatment plant) would be affected (Figure C- 3). Respondents most commonly indicated that likely impacts would occur over the next 5 to 10 years (45% of responses; Figure C- 4). Concerning costs of the interventions associated with their selected management target, 70% of respondents indicated that cost of implementation is a major barrier and external sources for funding would be needed (Figure C- 5). The remaining 30% indicated that the funding needed is reasonable and local sources should be sufficient.

Figure C-3. Spatial extent of impacts of chosen management targets – sediment and water quality

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Figure C-4. Timing of impacts of chosen management targets – sediment and water quality

Figure C-5. Perception of costs of chosen management targets – sediment and water quality

Impact of Climate on Management Targets – Water and Sediment Quality Respondents were asked to consider how six potential climate stressors would affect their selected management target to address water and sediment quality. Changes in precipitation (35% of responses) and sea level rise (23% of responses) were most commonly selected (Figure C- 6). Prioritization as a function of stakeholder geography is illustrated in Figure C- 7.

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Figure C-6. Potential climate stressors – sediment and water quality

Figure C-7. Potential climate stressors by county – sediment and water quality

Survey respondents reported on the likelihood of occurrence of the climate stressor they selected as the most concerning. Medium confidence (40% of respondents) and high confidence (also 40% of respondents) were selected as the perceived likelihood of occurrence of the most-concerning climate stressor (Figure C- 8). If the climate stressor did occur, the majority of survey respondents indicated that there would be moderate consequences in terms of impacts on their selected management target associated with water and sediment quality (Figure C- 9).

110 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Figure C-8. Likelihood climate stressor will occur – sediment and water quality

Figure C-9. Consequences of climate stressor – sediment and water quality

Focus Areas for Management Practices – Natural Resources Stakeholders were asked to select their top management target associated with natural resources. Management initiatives associated with seagrass (21% of responses), living shorelines (20% of responses), and biodiversity (18% of responses) were the top three targets chosen. Figure C- 10 shows the breakdown of responses by target option and Figure C- 11 shows the breakdown by target option and by county.

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Figure C-10. Targets for management practices – natural resources

Figure C-11. Most important target by county – natural resources

Scale of Impact, Time Horizon, Effects, and Cost of Management Practices – Natural Resources Respondents most commonly indicated that the effect of their chosen management initiatives would most likely be extensive, meaning that it would impact most of the watershed or estuary (57% of responses) (Figure C- 12). Respondents most commonly indicated that the likely impacts of their chosen natural resources’ management target would occur in 10+ years (38% of responses). Overall, the estimates of impact timing were relatively even in distribution: 5-10 years (35% of responses and less than 5 years (27% of responses) (Figure C- 13).

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Figure C-12. Spatial extent of impacts of chosen management targets – natural resources

Figure C-13. Timing of impacts of chosen management targets – natural resources

Concerning costs of the interventions associated with their selected management target, respondents were split on what the cost to implement their select management targets would be: 54% indicated that cost would be a major barrier and external sources for funding would be needed, and the remaining 46% indicated that the funding needed is reasonable and that local sources would be sufficient (Figure C- 14).

113 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Figure C-14. Perception of costs of chosen management targets – natural resources

Impact of Climate on Management Plans – Natural Resources Respondents reported which climate stressor would most likely impact their chosen management approach associated with natural resources. Sea level rise was the leading perceived climate stressor to management targets (37% of the respondents), followed by precipitation changes (14% of responses) and increased storminess (13% of responses; Figure C- 15). Prioritization as a function of stakeholder geography is illustrated in Figure C- 16.

Figure C-15. Potential climate stressors – natural resources

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Figure C-16. Potential climate stressors by county – natural resources

Survey respondents reported on the likelihood of occurrence of the climate stressor they selected as the most concerning to their chosen management target associated with natural resources. Medium confidence (40% of respondents) and high confidence (38% of respondents) were selected as the perceived likelihood of occurrence of the most-concerning climate stressor (Figure C- 17). If the climate stressor did occur, the majority of respondents (52%) indicated that the consequences would be moderate (Figure C- 18).

Figure C-17. Likelihood climate stressor will occur – natural resources

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Figure C-18. Consequences of a climate stressor – natural resources

Focus Areas for Management Practices – Stakeholder Engagement During real-time polling exercises, respondents were asked to pick a third most important target that could effectively be addressed with management. The following section is an analysis of their responses. Public education and involvement were widely selected as that chosen target to improve stakeholder engagement (92% of responses). Figure C- 19 shows the breakdown of responses by target option. The breakdown of most important targets by county is shown in Figure C- 20.

Figure C-19. Targets for management practices – stakeholder engagement

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Figure C-20. Most important target by county – stakeholder engagement

Scale of Impact, Time Horizon, Effects, and Cost of Management Practices – Stakeholder Engagement The majority of respondents believe that the effect of the potential management plans would most likely be extensive, meaning that it would impact most of the watershed or estuary. About two-thirds of respondents indicated that the secondary effects of their chosen management target would be extensive (65% of responses) (Figure C- 21). Most of respondents believe that the management plans would have an immediate impact (less than 5 years; Figure C- 22). Most (54%) of respondents indicated that there was a perception that cost was a major barrier for chosen management targets and that additional funding was needed (Figure C- 23).

Figure C-21. Spatial extent of impacts of chosen management targets – stakeholder engagement

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Figure C-22. Timing of impacts of chosen management targets – stakeholder engagement

Figure C-23. Perception of costs of chosen management targets – stakeholder engagement

Impact of Climate on Management Plans – Stakeholder Engagement Respondents reported which climate stressor would most likely impact the management approach they chose, with 38% of the respondents indicating that no climate stressors would influence management plans and 24% of respondents indicating that sea level rise would likely influence their chosen management target (Figure C- 24). Prioritization as a function of stakeholder geography is illustrated in Figure C- 25).

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Figure C-24. Potential climate stressors – stakeholder engagement

Figure C-25. Potential climate stressors by county – stakeholder engagement

Survey respondents mainly believe that the occurrence of a climate stressor is low. The perceived likelihood of occurrence of the most-concerning climate stressor were as follows: 33% of respondents believe the likelihood is high that a climate stressor will occur, 21% believe the likelihood is medium and 46% believe the likelihood is low (less than 25%), as shown in Figure C- 26. If a climate stressor were to occur, respondents most commonly indicated the consequences associated with stakeholder engagement would be low (44% of responses; Figure C- 27).

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Figure C-26. Likelihood climate stressor will occur – stakeholder engagement

Figure C-27. Consequences of a climate stressor – stakeholder engagement

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APPENDIX D. ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK OF RAP AND BMAP PARTNERS IN THE IRL WATERSHED Basin Allocation Entities Agencies Mosquito Lagoon City of Edgewater Florida Department of Transportation Mosquito Lagoon City of New Smyrna Beach - Mosquito Lagoon City of Oak Hill - Mosquito Lagoon Volusia County - North IRL Agricultural Producers Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services North IRL Brevard County DEP North IRL Volusia County Florida Farm Bureau Federation North IRL City of Cocoa IRLNEP North IRL City of Edgewater SJRWMD North IRL City of Indian Harbour Beach - North IRL City of Melbourne - North IRL City of Oak Hill - North IRL City of Rockledge - North IRL City of Titusville - North IRL Florida Department of Transportation District 5 - North IRL Kennedy Space Center - North IRL Town of Indialantic - North IRL Town of Palm Shores - North IRL Town of Melbourne Village - North IRL Florida Power and Light – Cape Canaveral Power Plant - North IRL Reliant Energy – Indian River Power Plant - Banana River Agricultural Producers Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Banana River Brevard County DEP Banana River City of Cape Canaveral IRLNEP Banana River City of Cocoa Beach SJRWMD Banana River City of Indian Harbour Beach - Banana River City of Satellite Beach - Banana River Cape Canaveral Air Force Station - Banana River Florida Department of Transportation District 5 - Banana River Kennedy Space Center - Banana River Patrick Air Force Base - Central IRL Agricultural Producers Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Central IRL Brevard County DEP Central IRL Indian River County Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association Central IRL St. Lucie County IRLNEP Central IRL City of Fellsmere SJRWMD Central IRL City of Fort Pierce SFWMD Central IRL City of Melbourne - Central IRL City of Palm Bay - Central IRL City of Sebastian - Central IRL City of Vero Beach - Central IRL City of West Melbourne -- Central IRL Town of Grant-Valkaria - Central IRL Town of Indialantic - Central IRL Town of Indian River Shores - Central IRL Town of Malabar - Central IRL Indian River Land Trust - Central IRL Town of Melbourne Beach - Central IRL Town of Melbourne Village - Central IRL Town of Orchid - Central IRL Town of St. Lucie Village - Central IRL Florida Department of Transportation District 4 - Central IRL Florida Department of Transportation District 5 -

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Basin Allocation Entities Agencies Central IRL Turnpike Enterprise - Central IRL Fellsmere Water Control District - Central IRL Fort Pierce Farms Water Control District - Central IRL Indian River Farms Water Control District - Central IRL Melbourne-Tillman Water Control District - Central IRL Sebastian River Improvement District - Central IRL Vero Lakes Water Control District - St. Lucie Estuary Agricultural Producers Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services St. Lucie Estuary Martin County DEP St. Lucie Estuary Okeechobee County SFWMD St. Lucie Estuary St. Lucie County - St. Lucie Estuary City of Fort Pierce - St. Lucie Estuary City of Port St. Lucie - St. Lucie Estuary City of Stuart - St. Lucie Estuary Copper Creek Community Development District - St. Lucie Estuary Florida Department of Transportation District 4 - St. Lucie Estuary Florid Turnpike - St. Lucie Estuary Hobe St. Lucie Conservancy District - St. Lucie Estuary North St. Lucie River Water Control District - St. Lucie Estuary Pal Mar Water Control District - St. Lucie Estuary Town of Sewall's Point -

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APPENDIX E. CLIMATE READY ESTUARY ACTION PLAN (UPDATE TO THE IRL CCMP – LOOKING AHEAD TO 2030)

ONE LAGOON LIVING RESOURCES & HEALTHY COMMUNITIES Climate Ready Estuary Action Plans

ACTIONS: RESEARCH gaps in our understanding of IRL risk-based vulnerabilities to climate change with a focus on changes in hydrologic dynamics, coastal acidification, occurrence of harmful algal blooms, and habitat responses and succession. Take actions to RESPOND to priority risks by developing, updating, and prioritizing restoration projects that decrease climate change risks and vulnerabilities. Work with IRL stakeholders to REBUILD aging and inadequate wastewater and stormwater infrastructure. RESTORE natural habitats that provide coastal RESILIENCE from storms, floods, erosion, and sea level rise. REPORT findings, scientific advancements and restoration progress to IRLNEP Management Conference and community partners.

ISSUE SUMMARY: The IRL is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change stressors including rising temperatures (temperature), changes in precipitation patterns (precipitation) (Figure 1), increasing frequency and intensity of storms (storminess), coastal acidification (acidification), and sea level rise. These will change the IRL in ways that will challenge resource management and stewardship. Most scientists agree that these impacts are already occurring. However, in most cases there are management actions that can be undertaken to adapt or mitigate these stressors and in so doing reduce risk and build resiliency.

Figure 1. Nuisance flooding in Martin County, Florida

The USEPA Climate Ready Estuaries Program identified ten steps to help NEPs identify, analyze, prioritize, and reduce their climate change risks. These steps fall into two activity categories: (1) risk- based vulnerability assessment, and (2) formulate an action plan to reduce risks1. The vulnerability of the goals and objectives of the IRLNEP CCMP (2008)2 to the five climate change stressors was assessed in 20183. A total of 154 risks were identified and ranked according to the level of threat. The results of that vulnerability assessment were reorganized in 2019 to be consistent with the new organization and terminology of the revised IRL CCMP – Looking Ahead to 20304.

The results of the climate-ready estuary process indicated that Impaired Waters is the most vulnerable key indicator or Vital Sign to climate change stressors with regards to both the number of at risk CCMP action

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plans and level of risk (Table 1). Two other Vital Signs in the same category as Impaired Waters (i.e., Water Quality), also scored high: Wastewater and Storm/Surface Water. These observations are not surprising given water quality impairment is measured using TMDLs, which are a measure of the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the basin and primarily derived from wastewater (WWTP, OSTDS) and surface water (i.e. storm and surface water storage and conveyance systems; SWSC).

The most frequent stressors to all Vital Signs are changes in precipitation, storminess, and sea level rise (Table 1). Based upon these results, nine adaptation actions have been formulated to reduce impairment from anthropogenic pollutant loading caused by these three stressors (Table 2). A majority of the other 32 Vital Signs and related action plans are expected to benefit from the implementation of these adaptation actions. All 32 Vital Signs are interconnected by biological, chemical, physical, and social processes operating within the IRL watershed. Based on current projections, climate change and sea level rise will exert profound levels of stress on all IRL vital signs.

Table 1. Summary of number and level of risks to IRL Vital Signs caused by climate change Sea Category and Higher High Moderate Temperature Precipitation Storms pH Level Sum Accept Sum Vital Sign Risk Risk Risk Rise Water Quality ------Impaired waters 5 54 57 0 55 171 5 162 4 0 166 (IW) Wastewater (WW) 1 10 10 1 10 32 2 30 0 30 Stormwater and surface water 5 8 8 1 9 31 3 24 2 2 28 (SW) Hydrology and hydrodynamics 3 3 0 0 3 9 0 3 6 0 9 (HH) Legacy loads and healthy sediments 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 (LL) Atmospheric 1 1 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 deposition (AD) Sum 15 76 77 2 77 247 13 219 13 2 234 Habitats ------Seagrass (S) 6 16 15 1 14 52 5 47 0 0 47 Living shorelines 1 1 2 1 2 7 3 0 4 0 4 (LS) Wetlands and impounded/ 3 1 0 0 2 6 5 1 0 0 1 altered marshes (W) Sum 10 18 17 2 18 65 13 48 4 0 52 Living Resources ------Biodiversity (B) 3 16 11 1 17 48 5 33 10 0 43 Species of concern 10 15 18 1 19 63 4 47 12 0 59 (SoC) Invasive species 2 15 14 0 14 45 3 14 28 0 42 (InS) Commercial and recreational 3 15 19 1 14 52 4 42 6 0 48 fisheries (CRF) Sum 15 45 51 2 47 160 11 103 46 0 149 Grand Total 40 139 145 6 142 472 37 370 63 2 435

Risk-based vulnerabilities to climate change extend beyond the IRL’s water quality, habitats, and living resources. The economy and quality of life in the IRL watershed is closely linked to both its natural and built assets. The vitality of both will be challenged by climate change stressors. In the natural environment, these include, but are not limited to, seagrass, commercial and recreational fisheries, wetlands, and

124 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 biodiversity. Within the built environment, these include, but are not limited to, emergency shelters, airports, ports, power plants, transportation corridors, evacuation routes, integrity of traditional supply chains for goods and services, human health, communication networks, and homeland security.

To build resiliency against climate change, local governments have begun to plan and prepare5–7. When discussing future climate change scenarios, both built and natural assets need to be considered by scientists, decision makers, and practitioners as one interdependent and integrated coastal system8–10. Equally important is the input from local communities, given what transpires over the duration of this century will surely challenge community values, aspirations, and quality of life. For these reasons, adaptive management will require significant community engagement and a process for implementing and monitoring the progress of adaptation action plans designed specifically to mitigate risks to the built and natural environment.

Table 2. Summary of adaptation actions to reduce risks to water quality caused by the most significant climate change stressors Stressor Adaptation Action Precipitation Reduce pollutant loadings from WWTP during high rainfall events Precipitation Reduce pollutant loadings from OSTDS during high rainfall events Reduce pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure Precipitation during high rainfall events Storms Reduce pollutant loadings from WWTP due to more frequent and intense storms Storms Reduce pollutant loadings from OSTDS due to more frequent and intense storms Reduce pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure Storms due to more frequent and intense storms Reduce pollutant loadings from WWTP caused by rising water table and sea level Sea Level Rise (inundation, erosion) Reduce pollutant loadings from OSTDS caused by rising water table and sea level Sea Level Rise (inundation, erosion) Reduce pollutant loadings from surface water storage and conveyance infrastructure Sea Level Rise caused by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion)

STRATEGIES: To reduce the risk of increased pollutant loadings into the IRL watershed caused by the three predominant climate change stressors, nine adaptation actions have been identified and are described in the following sections. Nine Action Plans, designed to facilitate the implementation each adaptation action, are described thereafter.

ADAPTATION ACTIONS: Reduce risk to water quality caused by increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and conveyance systems during high rainfall events More frequent and intense rainfall events can cause a temporary increase in both inflow (i.e., manhole) and infiltration (i.e., broken lateral) into the WWTP conveyance system (Figure 2). These increases can quickly overwhelm the capacity of the system to effectively transport and process the incoming wastewater. Untreated or partially treated effluent can outflow into surface and groundwater systems along the conveyance pathway or be deliberately discharged into canals or waterways as an emergency response decision made by plant managers. More frequent and intense rainfall events can also result in plant failure11. A typical WWTP contains numerous structures and above ground piping that are be vulnerable to flooding (Figure 3). These too can be compromised during high rainfall events and result in the contamination of surface and groundwater in the IRL watershed.

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Modified from City of Bryant, Texas Figure 2. Schematic of wastewater flow from a residential property towards a WWTP

Credit Google Earth Figure 3. Typical layout of WWTPs in Brevard County (left) and St. Lucie County (right)

Reduce risk to water quality caused by increased pollutant loadings from OSTDS during high rainfall events More frequent and intense rainfall events can cause a temporary increase in pollutant loading from OSTDS by enhancing the rate of downward percolation of leachate. Rainfall events can temporarily elevate the groundwater table and saturate the leach field. In either case, the effectiveness of soil absorption and biological treatment of leachate is compromised and this can result in an increase in pollutant loadings into the groundwater system or proximal waterway (Figure 4).

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Credit Mass.gov Figure 4. Schematic of typical OSTDS

Reduce risk to water quality caused by increased pollutant loadings from SWSC systems during high rainfall events More frequent and intense rainfall events can temporarily increase the volume and elevation of surface water managed in SWSC. Some events are likely to exceed the system’s capacity and result in localized flooding. During such an event, surface water will likely mix with untreated or partially treated wastewater from the concomitant failing of WWTP and/or OSTDS, and increased flux of fertilizers and other chemical contaminants within the system’s domain. This can result in a surge of pollutant laden water into the IRL watershed.

Reduce risk to water quality caused by increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and conveyance systems compromised by more frequent and intense storms Having rainfall during more frequent and intense storms can cause a temporary increase in both inflow (i.e., manhole) and infiltration (i.e., broken lateral) into the WWTP conveyance system (Figure 2). These increases can quickly overwhelm the capacity of system to effectively transport and process the incoming wastewater. Untreated material can outflow into surface and groundwater systems along the conveyance pathway or be deliberately discharged into canals or waterways as an emergency response decision made by plant managers.

A typical WWTP contains numerous structures and above ground piping that are vulnerable to flooding and wind damage (Figure 3). More frequent and intense storms can also result in plant failure, causing the unintended release of untreated or partially treated wastewater into surface and groundwater systems. More frequent and intense storms can cause substrate erosion, resulting in the destabilization of footers and foundations. This in turn can cause physical damage to both above and below ground elements of the conveyance system and physical plant and the release of pollutants into the IRL watershed.

Reduce risk to water quality caused by increased pollutant loadings from OSTDS compromised by more frequent and intense storms Precipitation associated with more frequent and intense storms can cause a temporary increase pollutant loading from OSTDS by enhancing the rate of downward percolation of leachate towards the groundwater table. Heavy rainfall and storm surge can temporarily elevate the groundwater table or completely submerge the leach field. In either case, the effectiveness of soil absorption and biological treatment of

127 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 leachate is compromised, and this can result in an increase in pollutant loadings into the IRL watershed. Landfall of more frequent and intense storms can also result in substrate erosion and associated physical damage to OSTDS located proximal to the IRL shoreline (Figure 5). This in turn can result in system failures and an increase in pollutant loadings.

Credit Miami-Dade County Figure 5. Septic tank exposed by coastal erosion

Reduce risk to water quality caused by increased pollutant loadings from SWSC systems compromised by more frequent and intense storms Precipitation during more frequent and intense storms can temporarily increase the volume and elevation of surface water managed by SWSC systems. The capacity of conveyance and storage basins can be exceeded during these events, resulting in a surge of surface water onto the surrounding landscape (Figure 6). During such an event, surface water will likely mix with untreated or partially treated wastewater from the concomitant failing of WWTP and/or OSTDS, and introduction of fertilizers and other chemical contaminants within the system’s domain. This can result in a surge of pollutant laden water into the IRL watershed.

Credit Google Earth Figure 6. Surface water storage and conveyance system in the St. Lucie Estuary Watershed

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Landfall of more frequent and intense storms can result in substrate erosion, physical damage, and corrosion of floodgates, weirs, pumps, and other water control structures (Figure 7). This, in turn, can result in an increase in the failure rate of WWTP, OSTDS, and outfalls within the system’s domain, leading to a temporary surge in pollutant loadings to surface and groundwater within the IRL watershed.

Modified from Southeast Florida Regional Climate Compact Figure 7. Schematic of typical surface water conveyance system

Reduce risk to water quality caused by increased pollutant loadings from WWTP and conveyance systems compromised by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Rising water table and sea level will cause disruption to WWTP as they are intermittently flooded at increasing frequencies12. This can result in an increase in the inflow and infiltration into the conveyance system and may result in the release of untreated or partially treated wastewater into the IRL watershed. Many of these systems will also be disrupted by changing base level and associated hydraulic head, wherein those relying upon gravity flow will no longer perform as designed. Above ground structures, piping, and other infrastructure (Figure 3) will also suffer chemical (i.e., corrosion) degradation as more saline surface and ground waters (i.e., the saltwater wedge) migrate landward. During flooding events, physical damage is anticipated due to water waves and currents.

Reduce risk to water quality caused by increased pollutant loadings from OSTDS compromised by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Rising groundwater and sea level, as well as saltwater intrusion (Figure 8), can cause a permanent increase in pollutant loading from OSTDS by reducing the effectiveness of the leachate field as it becomes increasingly compressed (Figure 8) and/or compromised by increasing salinity. Substrate erosion caused by water waves and currents associated with a landward migrating shoreline will likely cause disruption or failure of OSTDS located proximal to the IRL shoreline.

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Modified from Mass.gov Figure 8. Effects of rising sea level on OSTDS located close to the IRL include saturation of leaching field, saltwater intrusion into polluted zone, and shoreline erosion (see Figure 5)

Reduce risk to water quality caused by increased pollutant loadings from SWSC systems compromised by rising water table and sea level (inundation, erosion) Rising groundwater and sea level can cause a permanent increase in pollutant loading from SWSC systems by reducing or eliminating the effectiveness of retention/detention basins to scrub pollutants as the distance between the basin floor and water table becomes increasingly compressed. Many of these systems will also be disrupted by changing base level and associated hydraulic head, wherein those relying upon gravity flow will no longer perform as designed. Plants, pump stations, outfalls, and other infrastructure can also suffer chemical (i.e., corrosion) degradation as more saline surface and groundwater (i.e., the saltwater wedge) migrates landward. These systems can also be subject to physical damage caused by substrate erosion associate with water waves and currents (Figure 9).

Credit Florida Division of Water Resources Management Figure 9. Newly constructed baffle boxes along the IRL shoreline in Jensen Beach

ACTION PLANS: Nine Action Plans are proposed as an initial step towards reducing risks to the IRL watershed caused by increased pollutant loadings from WWTP, OSTDS, and SWSC systems compromised by the three

130 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020 predominant climate stressors (Table 3 through Table 5). To advance the recommended action plans, the IRLNEP should work with partners and stakeholders to produce the following strategic deliverables:

1. Develop a georeferenced map of all WWTP, OSTDS, and SWSC systems, including (invert) elevations, proximity to groundwater table and IRL shoreline, and service area. 2. Evaluate integrity of all WWTP, OSTDS, and SWSC systems (age, design life, service history). 3. Evaluate the vulnerability of all WWTP, OSTDS, and SWSC systems to the three predominant climate change stressors. 4. Prioritize risks to all WWTP, OSTDS, SWSC systems based upon information generated in Steps 1–3. Consider prioritizing risks by generating a numerical score based upon an assessment of the consequences, spatial scale, likelihood, and urgency (Table 6). 5. Prepare a comprehensive IRL project list that includes upgrades to WWTP, OSTDS, and SWSC infrastructure and systems that can reduce vulnerability and threats to climate change and sea level rise. 6. Identify funding sources and assist partners and stakeholders to secure funding to implement priority infrastructure improvement projects.

Table 3. Adaptation actions, action plans, and partners to address risks caused by changes in precipitation Adaptation Action Action Plan Output Lead Agencies Partner Agencies IRLNEP Role Reduce risk to water quality Identify and See Appendix D. See Appendix D. caused by increased implement projects Organizational Organizational Conduct, pollutant loadings from that mitigate risk to Network of RAP and Network of RAP and collaborate, and WWTP and conveyance WWTP systems BMAP Partners in BMAP Partners in coordinate systems during high rainfall during high rainfall the IRL Watershed the IRL Watershed events events Reduce risk to water quality Identify and See Appendix D. See Appendix D. caused by increased implement projects Organizational Organizational Conduct, pollutant loadings from that mitigate risk to Network of RAP and Network of RAP and collaborate, and OSTDS during high rainfall OSTDS during high BMAP Partners in BMAP Partners in coordinate events rainfall events the IRL Watershed the IRL Watershed Identify and Reduce risk to water quality See Appendix D. See Appendix D. implement projects caused by increased Organizational Organizational Conduct, that mitigate risk to pollutant loadings from Network of RAP and Network of RAP and collaborate, and SWSC systems SWSC systems during high BMAP Partners in BMAP Partners in coordinate during high rainfall rainfall events the IRL Watershed the IRL Watershed events

Table 4. Adaptation actions, action plans, and partners to address risks caused by increasing storminess Adaptation Action Action Plan Output Lead Agencies Partner Agencies IRLNEP Role Identify and Reduce risk to water quality implement projects caused by increased See Appendix D. See Appendix D. that mitigate risk to pollutant loadings from Organizational Organizational Conduct, WWTP and WWTP and conveyance Network of RAP and Network of RAP and collaborate, and conveyance systems systems compromised by BMAP Partners in BMAP Partners in coordinate compromised by more frequent and intense the IRL Watershed the IRL Watershed more frequent and storms intense storms

131 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

Adaptation Action Action Plan Output Lead Agencies Partner Agencies IRLNEP Role Reduce risk to water quality Identify and See Appendix D. See Appendix D. caused by increased implement projects Organizational Organizational Conduct, pollutant loadings from that OSTDS Network of RAP and Network of RAP and collaborate, and OSTDS compromised by compromised by BMAP Partners in BMAP Partners in coordinate more frequent and intense more frequent and the IRL Watershed the IRL Watershed storms intense storms Identify and Reduce risk to water quality implement projects See Appendix D. See Appendix D. caused by increased that mitigate risk to Organizational Organizational Conduct, pollutant loadings from SWSC systems Network of RAP and Network of RAP and collaborate, and SWSC systems compromised by BMAP Partners in BMAP Partners in coordinate compromised by more more frequent and the IRL Watershed the IRL Watershed frequent and intense storms intense storms

Table 5. Adaptation actions, action plans, and partners to address risks caused by rising water table and sea level Adaptation Action Action Plan Output Lead Agencies Partner Agencies IRLNEP Role Identify and Reduce risk to water quality implement projects See Appendix D. caused by increased that mitigate risk to See Appendix D. Organizational pollutant loadings from WWTP systems Organizational Conduct, Network of RAP WWTP and conveyance compromised by Network of RAP and collaborate, and and BMAP Partners systems compromised by rising water table BMAP Partners in coordinate in the IRL rising water table and sea and sea level the IRL Watershed Watershed level (inundation, erosion) (inundation, erosion) Identify and implement projects Reduce risk to water quality See Appendix D. that mitigate risk to See Appendix D. caused by increased Organizational OSTDS Organizational Conduct, pollutant loadings from Network of RAP compromised by Network of RAP and collaborate, and OSTDS compromised by and BMAP Partners rising water table BMAP Partners in coordinate rising water table and sea in the IRL and sea level the IRL Watershed level (inundation, erosion) Watershed (inundation, erosion) Identify and Reduce risk to water quality implement projects See Appendix D. caused by increased that mitigate risk to See Appendix D. Organizational pollutant loadings from SWSC systems Organizational Conduct, Network of RAP SWSC systems compromised by Network of RAP and collaborate, and and BMAP Partners compromised by rising rising water table BMAP Partners in coordinate in the IRL water table and sea level and sea level the IRL Watershed Watershed (inundation, erosion) (inundation, erosion)

Table 6. Risk analysis scoring matrix Consequence Spatial Extent of Impact Likelihood Time Horizon 1. Low (could adjust, life will 1. Site (bridge, 1. Low 1. > 10 years go on) stormwater outflow) 2. Medium 2. Place (wildlife refuge) 2. Medium 2. 5-10 years 3. High (catastrophic, major 3. High (very likely, 3. Already occurring 3. Region (watershed) disruption) predictable) or < 5 years

132 Indian River Lagoon Climate Ready Estuary September 2020

OUTCOMES: • Short-term (1–2 years): IRL Council and IRLNEP develop, prioritize, and update the IRL restoration project list and 6 strategic deliverables outlined above. • Medium-term (3–4 years): IRL Council and IRLNEP assist Management Conference partners and stakeholders to complete high priority projects. • Long-term (5–10+ years): Significant progress is made by the IRL Council, IRLNEP, and its partners to implement and track progress. The IRLNEP works with DEP and BMAP partners to identify new technologies, methodologies, and approaches (example: nutrient credit trading) that can accelerate TMDL compliance and decease costs. By 2030, the IRL is well positioned with active projects and adequate funding to be a climate-ready estuary.

BARRIERS TO SUCCESS: • Absence of a proactive and positive vision and strategic plan for the future. • Need for new technology development to advance coastal resiliency. • Inadequate financial resources to meet the scale of the needs. • Legal and regulatory impediments. • Need to connect knowledge and awareness to behavior changes that reduce or mitigate risks.

REFERENCES CITED: 1. USEPA. 2014. Being Prepared for Climate Change: A Workbook for Developing Risk-Based Adaptation Plans. USEPA Climate Ready Estuaries. 2. IRLNEP. 2008. Indian River Lagoon Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan Update 2008. 3. IRLNEP. 2019. Looking Ahead to 2030 – A 10-year Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan for the Indian River Lagoon. 4. Parkinson, R. W. and Seidel, V. 2018. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment of the Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program’s Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan. 5. Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 2017. Sea Level Rise Case Study for Evacuation Routes in Martin and St. Lucie Counties. Available at: https://floridadep.gov/rcp/florida-resilient- coastlines-program/documents/sea-level-rise-case-study-evacuation-routes. Accessed: July 25, 2019. 6. Brevard County. 2016. Brevard County Emergency Management Hazard Summaries. 7. East Central Florida Regional Planning Council. 2017. Resilient Volusia County. 8. Nicholls, R. 2011. Planning for the Impacts of Sea Level Rise. Oceanography. 24, 144–157. 9. Lawrence, J., Bell, R., Blackett, P., Stephens, S., and Allan, S. 2018. National guidance for adapting to coastal hazards and sea-level rise: Anticipating change, when and how to change pathway. Environmental Science & Policy 82, 100–107. 10. Climate Change and Adaptation Planning for Ports: 1st Edition (Hardback) – Routledge. 2016. 11. McMahan, E. K. 2006. Impacts of Rainfall Events on Wastewater Treatment Processes. University of South Florida. 12. Hummel, M. A., Berry, M. S., and Stacey, M. T. 2018. Sea Level Rise Impacts on Wastewater Treatment Systems Along the U.S. Coasts. Earth’s Future e312. doi:10.1002/2017EF000805.

133 INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 11 -a New Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: FDEP grant announcement and FY 2021 Budget

Requested Action: Signature

Requested Action: Recommend the IRL Council Board of Directors adopts Resolution 2021-01 amending FY 2021 budget to include new grant revenues and expenditures.

Summary Explanation and Background:

IRLNEP is the recipient of a DEP innovation grant in the amount of $963,470. Acceptance

of the grant increases revenue and expenditure categories necessitating a change to the

budget.

Fiscal Impact:

Increases budget by $963,470. Sets the amended budget for FY 2021

Exhibits Attached:

Resolution 2021-01

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

RESOLUTION NO. 2021-01

A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE IRL COUNCIL AMENDING THE FINAL BUDGET FOR THE 2021 FISCAL YEAR

WHEREAS, the IRL Council was created via Interlocal Agreement to carry out the goals of the Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program; and

WHEREAS, the IRL Council previously amended a Budget for Fiscal year 2021 on November 6, 2020; and

WHEREAS, the IRL Council finds it necessary and essential to amend the Budget for the 2021 Fiscal Year as set forth in this Resolution; and

WHEREAS, adoption of the 2021 Fiscal Year budget amendments set forth in this Resolution serves a valid public purpose.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE IRL COUNCIL, THAT:

Section 1. The above recitals are ratified and incorporated into this resolution

Section 2. The funds and available resources and revenues that are set out in Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference, are appropriated to provide the monies to be used to pay the necessary operating and other expenses of the IRL Council.

Section 3. Except as amended in Exhibit “A” the remainder of the Budget for the 2021 Fiscal Year remains in full force and effect

Section 4. This Resolution shall become effective immediately upon passage.

RESOLUTION 2021-01 FY 2021 Amended Budget Page 1 of 5 DONE at , Florida, this day of __ _,2021.

ATTEST:

By: ______Chair, IRL Council ______Secretary, IRL Council

Approved as to legal form and sufficiency:

______Glen Torcivia IRL Council, Legal Counsel

RESOLUTION 2021-01 FY 2021 Amended Budget Page 2 of 5 IRL Council FY 2021 Amended Budget Exhibit A

REVENUES Federal $ 662,500 IRL License Plate $ 125,000 Member Contributions $1,500,000 External Grant $ 963,470 TOTAL REVENUES $3,250,970

EXPENDITURES Other Expenditures $2,837,653 IRL Council Strategic Program, IRLNEP FY2021 EPA Work Plan, Online Store, FDEP Innovation Grant, Unplanned Contingency Reserve

Salaries & Benefits $ 420,498

Facilities Expenses $ 35,500 Rent, Utilities, Equipment Maintenance, Communications

Administrative Costs $ 75,500 Postage, Office Supplies, Insurance, Printing, Travel, Licenses & Subscriptions, Dues, Professional Development

Administrative Services $ 130,200 Legal, Accounting, Auditing, IT Services, Legal Ads

TOTAL EXPENDITURES $3,499,351 Agency Balance Beginning of Year $ 242,754 Fund Balance - Beginning of Year $ 5,627 Fund Balance – End of Year $ 0

RESOLUTION 2021-01 FY 2021 Amended Budget Page 3 of 5 FY 2021 Amended Budget Approved FY 2021 New Amended Budget Pending Higher (Notes) November 6, 2020 Lower REVENUES REVENUES Federal $ 662,500 Federal $ 662,500 IRL License Plate $ 125,000 IRL License Plate $ 125,000 Member Contributions $1,500,000 External Grant $ 963,470 TOTAL REVENUES $2,287,500 Member Contributions $1,500,000 TOTAL REVENUES $3,250,970 $963,470 (1)

EXPENDITURES EXPENDITURES Other Expenditures $1,874,183 Other Expenditures $2,837,653 $963,470 (2) IRL Council Strategic Program, IRLNEP IRL Council Strategic Program, IRLNEP FY21 Work Plan, Unplanned FY21 Work Plan, Online Store, FDEP Contingency Reserve Innovation Grant, Unplanned Contingency Reserve

Salaries & Benefits $ 420,498 Salaries & Benefits $ 420,498

Facilities Expenses $ 35,500 Facilities Expenses $ 35,500 Rent, Utilities, Equipment Maintenance, Rent, Utilities, Equipment Maintenance, Communications Communications

Administrative Costs $ 75,500 Administrative Costs $ 75,500 Postage, Office Supplies, Insurance, Printing, Postage, Office Supplies, Insurance, Printing, Travel, Licenses & Subscriptions, Dues, Travel, Licenses & Subscriptions, Dues, Professional Development Professional Development

Administrative Services $ 130,200 Administrative Services $ 130,200 Legal, Accounting, Auditing, IT Services, Legal, Accounting, Auditing, IT Services, Legal Ads Legal Ads

TOTAL EXPENDITURES $ 2,535,881 TOTAL EXPENDITURES $ 3,499,351 $963,470 (3)

Agency Balance Beginning of Year $ 242,754 Agency Balance Beginning of Year $ 242,754

Fund Balance Beginning of Year $ 5,627 Fund Balance Beginning of Year $ 5,627

Fund Balance – End of Year $ 0 Fund Balance – End of Year $ 0

RESOLUTION 2021-01 FY 2021 Amended Budget Page 4 of 5 FY 2021 Budget Amendment Detail (Narrative) Increase “TOTAL REVENUES” $963,470 from $2,287,500 to $3,250,970. An FDEP External Grant Award of $963,470 was awarded to the IRL Council on (1) December 3, 2020. a.

Increase “Other Expenditures” $963,470 from $1,874,183 to $2,837,653. The detail of “Other Expenditures” is as follows: (2) IRLNEP FY2021 Work Plan - $662,500 FDEP Innovation Grant - $963,470 and includes the following: a. Contractual Services to Florida Atlantic University and Stomcenter b. Communications Inc. - $723,581.79 a. GIS IT Coordinator Salary - $97,500 Miscellaneous/Other Expenses - $8,400 b. Supplies - $8 c. Indirect costs @1 % (Rent, Utilities, Insurance, Travel, d. Information Tech81 Hardware) - $133,1 IRL Strategice. Program - $1,134,811.696.03 Online Store - $20,000 07.16 c. Unplanned Contingency Reserve - $56,871.56 d. e. Increase “TOTAL EXPENDITURES” $963,470 from $2,535,881 to $3,499,351. This increase represents the increase in “Other Expenditures” from the FDEP (3) Innovation Grant. No other changes are made. a.

RESOLUTION 2021-01 FY 2021 Amended Budget Page 5 of 5 INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 11 -b New Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: RFP 2021 -01 Water Quality - Proposal Scores and Funding Recommendation Requested Action: Signature

Requested Actions (By separate motions):

• Motion to accept IRLNEP Management Conference recommendations and approve the final ranked list of proposals.

• Motion to accept the Management Conference recommendations to fund the top

proposals contingent and consistent with available funds and budgetary authority. Authorize staff to negotiate and enter into contracts with those applicants.

Summary Explanation and Background:

In the water quality category, up to $500,000 is available. These funds will be allocated

based on proposal ranking and scoring.

Fiscal Impact:

Up to $500,000

Exhibits Attached:

Executive Summaries of all proposals submitted. The final ranked project list will be sent upon completion.

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 11 -c New Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: RFP 2021 -02 Habitat Restoration - Proposal Scores and Funding Recommendation Requested Action: Signature

Requested Actions (By separate motions):

• Motion to accept IRLNEP Management Conference recommendations and approve the final ranked list of proposals.

• Motion to accept the Management Conference recommendations to fund the top

proposals contingent and consistent with available funds and budgetary authority. Authorize staff to negotiate and enter into contracts with those applicants.

Summary Explanation and Background:

In the habitat restoration category, up to $200,000 is available. These funds will be

allocated based on proposal ranking and scoring.

Fiscal Impact:

Up to $200.000

Exhibits Attached:

Executive Summaries of all proposals submitted. The final ranked project list will be sent upon completion.

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 11 -d New Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: RFP 2021 -03 Community -Based Restoration - Proposal Scores and Recommendation Requested Action: Signature

Requested Actions (By separate motions):

• Motion to accept IRLNEP Management Conference recommendations and approve the final ranked list of proposals.

• Motion to accept the Management Conference recommendations to fund the top

proposals contingent and consistent with available funds and budgetary authority. Authorize staff to negotiate and enter into contracts with those applicants.

Summary Explanation and Background:

In the community-based restoration category, up to $200,000 is available. These funds

will be allocated based on proposal ranking and scoring.

Fiscal Impact:

Up to $200,000

Exhibits Attached:

Executive Summaries of all proposals submitted. The final ranked project list will be sent upon completion.

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 11 -e New Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: RFP 2021 -04 Science and Innovation - Proposal Scores and Funding Requested Action: Signature

Requested Actions (By separate motions):

• Motion to accept IRLNEP Management Conference recommendations and approve the final ranked list of proposals.

• Motion to accept the Management Conference recommendations to fund the top

proposals contingent and consistent with available funds and budgetary authority. Authorize staff to negotiate and enter into contracts with those applicants.

Summary Explanation and Background:

In the Science and Innovation category, up to $100,000 is available. These funds will be

allocated based on proposal ranking and scoring.

Fiscal Impact:

Up to $100,000

Exhibits Attached:

Executive Summaries of all proposals submitted. The final ranked project list will be sent upon completion.

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

Water Quality Proposals Executive Summary Title of Project Tressler Drive Water Quality Improvement Project Lead Organization and Partners: City of Stuart, Tim Voelker, P.E. Project Location: The project is located at the end of Tressler Drive, west of US Highway 1 Latitude 27°11’10.20”N Longitude 80°15’1.52”W Key CCMP Vital Signs(s) Impaired Waters and Stormwater IRLNEP Contribution and Source: $80,000.00, IRL Council Partner Match: $80,000.00 (50%) Match Total Project Cost: $160,000.00

Project Description: The project is in the City of Stuart, Florida (Latitude 27°11’10.20”N, Longitude 80°15’1.52”W) in the Poppleton Creek drainage basin. Stormwater runoff from a 13.7-acre urban residential development currently discharges directly to Poppleton Creek. This project proposes to construct a 2nd generation baffle box and bioswale to treat runoff prior to discharge. The project will remove nutrients and sediment and provide stormwater retention and is important for the City of Stuart to continue progress towards meeting BMAP requirements for the St. Lucie River. An annual reduction estimate is 40.92 pounds of TN and 7.67 pounds of TP. The design of this project is complete, and it qualifies for a General Permit from SFWMD; therefore, it is construction ready.

Map and Photo(s): As instructed, a Project Location Map and Photo are attached to this application.

Key Outputs (Deliverables): Stormwater runoff will be directed to a treatment train, where a 2nd Generation Baffle Box will provide nutrient and sediment removal. The baffle box will discharge to a Bioswale, which will provide retention with filter media, removing additional nutrients and sediment prior to discharge to Poppleton Creek and ultimately to the St. Lucie River. It is estimated that 40.92 pounds per year of TN and 7.67 pounds per year of TP will be removed because of this project (Source: Spreadsheet Tool for Estimating Pollutant Load, STEPL, 2007). The project will meet the four criteria that are critical to managing dispersed stormwater runoff. Volume and peak discharge will be addressed by routing the existing urban runoff to a bioswale for retention prior to discharge. Water quality will be improved by nutrient removal in the baffle box and bioswale, and the baffle box will provide sediment removal.

Key Outputs Benefits: Short-term (1-2 years): The City continues implementing strategies to improve the quality of runoff entering the St. Lucie River and to advance toward BMAP goals. Medium-term (3-4 years): The City of Stuart reaches the required 5-year nutrient reduction targets specified in the St. Lucie River and Estuary BMAP. Long-term (5-10+ years): The City reduces nutrient and sediment loads to the St. Lucie River, whereby removing the St. Lucie River from the Impaired Waters designation list. The project will reduce nutrient and sediment loads to the St. Lucie River, decreasing stormwater pollution to the IRL system.

Page 1 of 1 Title of Application and continued optimization of an environmentally friendly, Project biological denitrification system developed for use in the Indian River Lagoon using recycled materials; water treatment to remove 70% of dissolved ammonium nitrogen. Lead Florida Institute of Technology (Florida Tech, Lead organization) (Austin Fox Organization Ph.D., role: project manager and scientific evaluation/optimization, 150 W. and University BLVD. Melbourne FL 32901, [email protected], (321)674-7463), Oxsolve Partners: and Lapin Services (Dan Young, role: treatment system operation, 3031 40th Street, Orlando, FL 32839, [email protected], (407) 499-0284). Logistical support from Central Sand Inc. (Dale Morris, role: logistical support, 6855 Tico Rd. Titusville, FL 32780, [email protected], (321) 632-0308). Project This project will be carried out in the Banana River lagoon associated with a Location Dredge Material Management Area (DMMA) located in Sykes Creek at 28°21’55”N and 80°40’45”W. This proposed system will provide water treatment supplemental to any other treatment efforts. Collaboration with dredging provides logistical support and a location for the system, completed permitting and a supply of flowing lagoon water and or dredge slurry. This collaboration is especially ideal because it provides a location for the system in Sykes Creek, an area known for degraded water quality thus providing water with the most potential and need for treatment/improvement. Key CCMP Impaired waters, legacy loads, contaminants, harmful algal blooms, 21st Vital Signs: century communities, monitoring and data, science & technology innovation plus citizen engagement. IRLNEP Contribution and Source: $86,500 Partner Match: $87,000 Total Project Cost: $173,500

 Project Map: Attached JPEG image per proposal guidelines (Figure ES1, Attachment A).

 Brief Project Description: We propose to use and optimize a simple, innovative biological denitrification system developed and successfully demonstrated to remove 70% of ammonium nitrogen (N) from water in the IRL. The system was developed at Florida Tech based on a thorough search of the literature plus examination of existing wastewater, aquaculture and aquarium systems, followed by extensive laboratory and field-testing in the IRL. This innovative system for treatment of natural waters manages environmental conditions (e.g., dissolved oxygen) in flow-through treatment cells containing denitrification media in order to promote the growth and proliferation of denitrifying and or anammox bacteria already present in IRL water and sediments. Following extensive testing of various media, recycled plastics (BPA-free bottle caps) similar in function to media used in home and large commercial aquaria have yielded >70% ammonium nitrogen (N) removal from IRL water and dredge slurry. With expected inflow concentrations of nitrogen at ~3 mg/L, 70% removal would decrease concentrations to <1 mg/L and this system would remove hundreds of pounds of nitrogen from the IRL during the NEP funded project period. Outcomes include removal of hundreds of pounds of N and associated P from the lagoon water, implementation of an innovative 21st century enhanced biological denitrification system into city and county storm water and muck management plans. This project also promotes citizen engagement and support for environmentally friendly, sustainable 21st century treatment of lagoon water using recycled materials.

Page 2 of 2 Page 3 of 3 Executive Summary

Title of Project The Martin County Connect-to-Protect Septic-to-Sewer Nutrient Removal Program Lead Organization and Martin County Board of County Commissioners/No partners Partners: Project Location: MCU Septic-to-Sewer grinder pump stations projects are located within Martin County’s service area. The latitude and longitude of each project area is listed on Attachment A-1 Project Map. Key CCMP Vital Sign(s): Seagrasses, filter feeders, harmful algae blooms, impaired waters, wastewater, and contaminants IRLNEP Contribution and $150,000, IRL Council (23% project funding) Source: Partner Match: $510,000, Martin County (77% project funding match) Total Project Cost: $1,710,000 ($1,200,000 residential cost plus $510,000 County funding discount for connection within the first year of service availability

Project Description: The Martin County Board of County Commissioners adopted a 10-year Septic-to-Sewer Program that will provide for the elimination of over 10,000 on-site septic systems. Septic-to-sewer projects are prioritized based on their impact on the IRL. Funding is requested for FY2022 small community grinder sewer system connections projects. Grant funds would provide 150 homeowners an incentive for early connection to the grinder sewer system providing significant reduction of the nitrogen and phosphorous loads on the Indian River Lagoon (IRL or Lagoon). The removal of the 150 septic tanks will reduce the Total Nitrogen (TN) discharging into the IRL in the region by 4,050 lbs. TN/yr. based on 27 lbs./yr. of TN per septic tank located within 55 yards of the waterways as calculated using the Brevard County Save Our Indian River Lagoon program methodology.

This project for 150 connections is estimated to cost $1,710,000 ($11,400 per connection). Martin County Utilities (MCU) offers a discount of $3,400 to reduce the customer cost to connect to $8,000. MCU’s project funding match is $510,000 (77% project funding match). The funding request is $150,000. If awarded, this grant would further reduce the cost of homeowner connection by $1,000 for 150 households (23% project grant funding).

Map and Photo(s): Attachment A1– Project Map (via email) provides a map of grinder pump project sites within Martin County service area included in this grant proposal. Attachment B1- Project Photo (via email)

Key Outputs (Deliverables): The Connect-to-Protect Program provides for shovel-ready residential grinder pump connection to Martin County’s central sewer system based on an established timeline for community connections. Martin County will obtain 150 connections on a first-come, first-served basis prior to the end of FY2022 and will provide deliverable documentation to IRL Council in the form of quarterly and final report summaries. The estimated reduction in TN per connection is 27 lbs./yr. or an estimated total project reduction of 4,050 lbs. TN/yr.

Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL): Short term benefit: Proposed septic tank removal will reduce the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and fecal coliform that are leached into the IRL. Medium benefit: Reduction in nutrient contribution decreases the potential for harmful algae blooms and massive fish kills. Long-term Benefit: Project will reduce contribution to nutrient-related algal growth, improve water clarity, support seagrass photosynthesis and increase habitat and lagoon health.

Page 4 of 4 Title of Project Septic to Sewer Conversion Along the Elkcam Waterway Lead Organization and City of Port St. Lucie Partners Project Location The project location is in central Port St. Lucie along the Elkcam Waterway, which empties into the North Fork of the St. Lucie River. The project area is approximately 1,909 acres in the Elkcam Hot Spot with 8.5 of those acres covering 34 residential lots

Latitude: 27.279234 Longitude: -80.329331 Key CCMP Vital Sign(s) Impaired Waters, Wastewater, Contaminants of Concern, Monitoring and Data Sharing, Citizen Engagement and Education IRLNEP Contribution $100,000, IRL Council and Source Applicant Match $100,000 from 34 voluntary households Total Project Cost $200,000

Project Description The North Fork of the St. Lucie Estuary has experienced degraded water quality leading to recurring closures of the water body for recreational use. To determine the sources of this impairment, the City of Port St. Lucie contracted with Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute-Florida Atlantic University to conduct a microbial source tracking study. That study confirmed elevated fecal coliform levels. The greatest concentrations consistently occurred in 5 dense urbanized areas of the City, including along the Elkcam Waterway which drains directly into the North Fork of the St. Lucie River. Older septic systems near the Elkcam Waterway are believed to be contributing to this bacterial pollution. IRLNEP funding will enable the City to expand its septic-to-sewer program. The proposed Elkcam Septic Hot Spot Grant Program will support the conversion of approximately 34 residential septic systems in the target area to the City’s low-pressure, centralized sewer system. Property owners within 50’ of the Elkham Waterway or a ditch that discharges into the Waterway will be eligible to participate in the septic grant program, which covers 50% of the conversion cost. The City will also offer 10-year interest-free connection fee loans to all participating septic owners. The project is expected to benefit the Indian River Lagoon by removing 6.11 pounds of total nitrogen per septic system or 207.74 pounds of total nitrogen annually. Nutrient pollution is the main cause of toxic algal blooms in the Indian River Lagoon system. Fewer algal blooms will protect marine life and preserve key habitat.

Map and Photos See attached.

Key Outputs (Deliverables) Approximately 34 homes converted from septic to sewer system; elimination of a combined total of 207.74 pounds of total nitrogen annually

Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL) Short-term benefits: Enhanced community understanding in Elkcam area; initial nutrient reductions Mid-term benefits: Incentivizing the conversion of 34 residential septic systems in the Elkcam Hot Spot area; significant nutrient reductions; better Indian River Lagoon protection Long-term benefits: Fewer algal blooms; habitat improvements; restoration of Indian River Lagoon biological diversity to a stable and resilient state

Page 5 of 5

Habitat Restoration Proposals

Executive Summary

Tucker Cove Seagrass Restoration Project Phase II Title of Project

Lead Organization and Partners: Sea & Shoreline LLC (Lead) Carter Henne, P.O. Box 783549, Winter Garden, FL 34778, (863) 412-8275, [email protected],

St. Lucie County (Partner) James Oppenborn, 2300 Virginia Avenue Fort Pierce, FL 34982, (772) 462 1713, [email protected]

The project area is located in St. Lucie County, FL, centered at Project Location (27°28'40.57"N 80°18'4.73"W). The project site will comprise a 2.0-acre area in north-central Tucker Cove that has experienced a considerable amount of seagrass loss in the past two decades. Key CCMP Vital Sign(s): Seagrasses, Biodiversity, Fisheries, Monitoring & Data, Science & Technology Innovation IRLNEP Contribution and Source: $88,500, IRL Council Partner Match: $110,933 (S&S, 54.2%), $5,000 (St. Lucie Co, 2.4%) Total Project Cost: $204,433

Project Description: The purpose of this project is to restore another two (2.0) acres of seagrass habitat within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) and to document the factors that influence project success. This project presents a unique opportunity to restore an area that has excluded motorized vessel access due to their role in seagrass loss. The information gathered from this project will be used to inform future efforts and enhance community outreach and education regarding seagrass conservation. The funds requested from the IRLNEP will be used to install, protect, and maintain nursery-grown seagrass planting units for a period of one (1) year and to monitor project success for a period of three (3) years. Map and Photo(s): Please see attached Map Package and Representative Project Photo

Key Outputs (Deliverables): 1. Demonstrate the technique of planting nursery-grown seagrasses (Halodule wrightii) to directly restore a 2.0 acre site within the IRL 2. Monitor seagrass restoration and collect data on the factors influencing seagrass recovery in the IRL.

Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL): Outcome 1: seagrass restoration, sediment stabilization, nutrient reduction, habitat creation, increased biodiversity Outcome 2: Document how factors including grazing, light transmittance, and sediment transport affect seagrass recovery, and apply these data to create a scalable model for future seagrass restoration efforts within the IRL. Demonstrate the effectiveness of various seagrass planting techniques

Page 1 of 1 Executive Summary

Title of Project Category 2 Habitat Restoration Proposal: Restoration of clam populations in the Indian River Lagoon for water quality improvement Lead Organization and Partners University of Florida (lead), St. Johns River Water Management District, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Coastal Conservation Association, Riverside Conservancy, Addictive Fishing Television, Florida Oceanographic Society, Ducks Unlimited Project Location Titusville-Sebastian-Ft. Pierce, and Banana River (80o 48’ W, 28o 43’ N, to 8011’53” 2712’02”W) Key CCMP Vital Signs Habitats, Filter Feeders & Seagrasses Living Resources , Fisheries & Harmful Algal Blooms, Water Quality, Impaired Waters, Legacy Loads, and Contaminants IRLNEP Contribution and Source $199,994 IRL Council Partner Match $204,171 – UF (40.6%) SJRWMD (4.2%) CCA (16.6%) FWC (3.9%) AFT (12.2%) FOS (2.6%) RC (19.6%) (total match rate 51%) Total Project Cost $404,164

Project Description: Hard clams have historically been significant contributors to healthy water quality in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) via filter-feeding that both reduces turbidity from algae and detritus and removes organic nutrients from the water column and deposits them in sediments. Unfortunately, overfishing and environmental degradation have led to the collapse of native clam populations in the IRL. We propose to leverage recent environmental stressors (algal blooms, hypoxia) that have naturally selected for the hardiest, most stress resistant filter-feeding bivalves in the IRL, by collecting surviving individuals of historically abundant species (e.g., hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria / campechiensis) in these environmentally stressed areas for use in ecosystem restoration.

Key Outputs: We propose to continue our ongoing efforts (yr 1&2 funded by IRLNEP) to restore filter feeding clam populations in the IRL by: (1) spawning broodstock collected previously from areas identified as highly stressed by deleterious environmental conditions in recent years, making them exceptional genetic stock from which to produce IRL specific stress resistant clams; (2) growing clams to out-plant size in nursery facilities; and (3) repatriating nursery raised native clam populations to selected locations at densities necessary to support successful reproduction, (4) reporting.

Key Outcomes: Restoration of clam populations will result in: (1) reduced turbidity and improved water quality, (2) nutrient reduction, (3) improved condition for seagrass recruitment

Page 2 of 2

Community-Based Restoration Proposals

Title of Project Restore Our Shores: Clam Gardening Project (Community- Based Restoration Proposal) Lead Organization and Partners East Coast Zoological Society of Florida, Inc. (d/b/a Brevard Zoo) (Applicant) Ashley Rearden, Conservation Curator 8225 N. Wickham Rd. Melbourne, FL 32940 321-254-9453, ext. 284 [email protected] University of Florida Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience (Partner) Todd Osborne, Associate Professor 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd. St. Augustine, FL 32080 352-256-3826 [email protected] Project Location 20 locations throughout the Brevard County portion of the IRL, 28°23'09.6"N 80°41'31.1"W Key CCMP Vital Sign(s): Filter Feeders Vital Sign within the One Lagoon portion of the wheel Citizen Engagement Vital Sign within the One Voice portion of the wheel IRLNEP Contribution and Source: $65,000, IRL Council Partner Match: $29,040, Brevard Zoo $19,000 UF Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience Total Project Cost: $113,040

Project Description: Brevard Zoo began a community-based oyster gardening program, alongside Brevard County, in 2014, from which the zoo has learned how to design and implement an impactful and engaging community-based program. This project seeks to expand upon the Brevard County funded oyster gardening project to create a clam gardening project which will restore 7,000 square feet of clam beds, repatriate 200,000 clams, and provide outreach opportunities aimed at enhancing STEM education programs. Twenty individual properties throughout Brevard County will be selected based on careful site selection criteria to receive a 350 square foot clam restoration plot, seeded with native “super clams” produced by Todd Osborne at University of Florida Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, and maintained and monitored by community volunteers and local students throughout Brevard County.

Map and Photos: attached to this emailed application

Key Outputs (Deliverables): 1. Quarterly progress reports starting after the first quarter following contract execution 2. 7,000 square feet of clam beds restored 3. Brevard Zoo shall organize at least 20 volunteer events to engage students and the community in installing, maintaining, and monitoring the clam beds, totaling at least 1,000 hours in volunteer time. Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL): 1. 7,000 square feet of clam beds restored. (Short-, Medium-, and Long-term benefits) a. The clams restored will provide filtering benefits to the water immediately, but the population will increase over time, leading to exponential growth of filtering ability each year. A conservative estimate of the filtration rate is 25 gallons of water per day, per each adult clam. (Short-, medium- and long-term benefit) b. Clam filtration reduces turbidity, thereby increasing light availability for seagrass. (long-term benefit) 2. Knowledge gained through community engagement/education (Short-, Medium-, and Long-term benefits) a. The knowledge gained by the Zoo and its partners through this pilot will be used to guide the future of community-based clam restoration projects. (medium and long-term benefit) b. The knowledge gained by students and the community will inspire conservation action. (long-term benefit) Page 1 of 1 Validation of Inexpensive and Effective Modifications of Mosquito Impoundment Management Strategies to Increase Their Value as Vital Fish Nurseries – Year 2 Indian River Land Trust (Lead) Dr. Jonathan Shenker (Co-PI), FIT Lead Organization and Partners Dr. Aaron Adams (Co-PI), FAU/HBOI Dr. Dennis Hanisak (Co-I), FAU/HBOI Indian River Mosquito Control District (Co-I) Three mosquito control impoundments in Indian River County, as shown on attached map, with Project Location sizes ranging from 30 to 150 acres. Locations between 27° 41.25N x 80° 22.794 W to 27° 33.803N x 80° 19.717W. Fisheries 3 – Improve effectiveness of fish habitat conservation and restoration Fisheries 4 – Identify and assess … finfish … important habitats within the IRL Wetlands 3 – Implement programs supporting Key CCMP Vital Signs wetlands protection and management on privately owned and non-profit organization owned wetlands Wetlands 5: Develop a Habitat Restoration Plan for the IRL system IRLNEP Contribution and Source $61,500 IRLT = $30,946; Shenker = $15,800; Adams = Partner Match $5,000; Volunteers = $10,385 Total Project Cost $123,631

Brief Project Description: This proposal represents Year 2 of a project currently underway in Year 1 funded by the IRL Council. Our privately-funded earlier study (2015-2016) at one mosquito control impoundment showed that the Rotational Impoundment Management strategy used for many mosquito control impoundments prevents juvenile snook and tarpon from leaving their initial nursery habitat to join older populations. We identified habitat characteristics that influenced production of juveniles within the impoundment habitats, and a simple and inexpensive modification of RIM that dramatically improves juvenile emigration of these very valuable recreational fishery species. This proposal seeks to replicate this modification in other impoundments, with the ultimate goal of boosting the fishery productivity of thousands of acres of impoundments in the Indian River Lagoon.

Key Outputs (deliverables): - Activity reports to IRL Council, as requested - Collection of environmental data and fish tagging and emigration data - Analysis of emigration rates and impoundment management strategies - Presentation of results to mosquito control district boards and Subcommittee on Managed Marshes - Publication of study results in research paper

Key Outcomes (benefits to the IRL): - Development of a simple, inexpensive modification to Rotational Impoundment Management strategy that increases juvenile fish emigration to the Indian River Lagoon through summer drawdowns that briefly allow water exchange between the impoudments

Page 2 of 2 and the IRL during the period when culverts are usually closed - Presentation of this modification to impoundment managers for adoption throughout the Indian River Lagoon watershed - Increased production of juveniles into the populations of iconic fishery species from nursery habitat that is otherwise isolated from the Indian River Lagoon during key emigration periods

Page 3 of 3 Category 3 - Community-Based Restoration Proposal: Expanding the Scope of Non-Plastic Restoration Materials in Mosquito Lagoon and Tomoka Basin Lead Organization & Partners: Jessy Wayles, Marine Discovery Center (MDC), 520 Barracuda Blvd., New Smyrna Beach, FL 32169, [email protected], 386-428-4828. Project Role: Overall Project Lead, Shuck & Share Coordinator. Dr. Linda Walters, The University of Central Florida (UCF), 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816; [email protected]; 407-823-2148. Project Role: Lead for oyster restoration and monitoring efforts. Dr. Melinda Donnelly, UCF, [email protected], 321-403-0278. Project Role: Lead for living shoreline deployments and monitoring efforts. Project Location: Mosquito Lagoon for 300’ living shoreline stabilization and restoration of 4 oyster reefs (29˚04’18.97”N, 80˚54’58.15”W; 28˚44’16.1’’N, 80˚45’08.21”W), Tomoka State Park for 300’ shoreline stabilization (29.3489802,- 81.0918905), Shuck & Share based at Marine Discovery Center, New Smyrna Beach, FL (29˚03’61.29”N, 80˚91’80.38”W). Key CCMP Vital Signs: Filter Feeders-1, 2; Living Shorelines-1, 2, 3; Biodiversity-1, 2, 3; Commercial and Recreational Fisheries -1, 2, 3, 4; Citizen Engagement and Education-1, 3; Monitoring and Data Sharing -2. IRLNEP Contribution & Source: $55,000 Partner Match: $61,236 Total Project Cost: $116,236 Project Description: This project will improve water quality (reduce nutrients, increase clarity) and make the IRL more climate-ready for sea level rise impacts by restoring 4 (~0.25 acre) oyster reefs and stabilizing 600 feet of highly eroded shoreline in Mosquito Lagoon and Tomoka State Park. We will continue our highly successful, community-based, and partner-driven restoration and monitoring efforts; oyster restoration has run continuously since 2007 and living shoreline stabilization since 2010. This will be our third year of only deploying non-plastic materials in the IRL as we continue to expand and improve these biodegradable designs to find the best matches for IRL conditions. Volunteers are the heart of our efforts and will be involved in all aspects of the project starting with retirees collecting shells from local restaurants to elementary school students from underserved communities growing mangroves from propagules at their schools. All permits from SJRWMD, USACE, and the National Park Service are in hand, so we are shovel-ready for both living shoreline stabilization of culturally important midden sites and intertidal oyster reef restoration to ensure high densities of this keystone filter feeder in the IRL. Map and Photos: Maps of restoration/stabilization locations are provided as Attachment 1. Representative photographs are provided as Photos 1 & 2. Key Outputs (Deliverables): Deliverable 1: 4 restored oyster reefs (~0.25-acre footprint) in Mosquito Lagoon using BESE™ biodegradable mesh with oyster shell attached with stainless wire or BESE™ reef paste (to remove step of attaching shells to mesh). Deliverable 2: 600 linear feet of stabilized shoreline in Mosquito Lagoon and Tomoka Basin with BESE™ wave breaks or oyster shell-filled gabion wave breaks specifically designed for IRL/Tomoka waters. Deliverable 3: Recycle and distribute 50,000 pounds of oyster shell through the Shuck & Share Program. Deliverables 4 & 5: A minimum of 10 community restoration events plus quarterly/final reports to IRLNEP. Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL): Restored oyster reefs in Mosquito Lagoon. Short-term Outcome: 1,600 live oysters in 1-3 yrs; Mid-term Outcome: 3,200 live oysters in 3-5 yrs; Long-term Outcome: 4,000 additional oysters after 5 yrs, in Mosquito Lagoon. Stabilized shoreline in Mosquito Lagoon and Tomoka State Park. Short-term Outcome: 1,200 plants and 0.5 cm accretion of sediment in 1-3 yr; Mid-term Outcome: Plant retention plus 1-2 cm accretion in 3-5 yrs; Long-term Outcome: Retention of reproductive plants plus 4 cm accretion after 5 yr. Recycle and distribute 50,000 pounds of oyster shell through the Shuck & Share Program. Short-term Outcome: Reduction of waste in landfills. Mid-term Outcome: Community of stakeholders engaged in entire restoration process. Long-term Outcome: Stable source of shell for regional IRL restoration. Community events. Short-term Outcome: Engagement of 500+ individuals (2000 hr). Mid-term Outcome: Enhanced protection of IRL through volunteer networking. Long-term Outcome: Improved water quality and less plastic in IRL.

Page 4 of 4

Science and Innovation Proposals EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Integrated Sampling to Assess Toxins Produced by Harmful Algal Blooms in the Indian River Lagoon Lead Organization and Partners Lead Organization: Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University Applicants: Abdiel E. Laureano-Rosario; Michael S. Twardowski Partners: Charles Jacoby; St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) Project Location Site 1: South Mosquito Lagoon (Lat: 28.732, Lon: -80.717), Site 2: Titusville (Lat: 28.620, Lon: -80.799), Site 3: Northern Indian River Lagoon (Lat: 28.393, Lon: -80.735), Site 4: Banana River Lagoon (Lat: 28.366, Lon: -80.633), and Site 5: Melbourne (Lat: 28.125, Lon: -80.616) Key CCMP Vital Sign(s) 1) Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and 2) Monitoring (MON) IRLNEP Contribution and Source $ 68,267 Partner Match (%) FAU $ 18,076; SJRWMD $ 6,500; Total $ 24,576 (26.4%) Total Project Cost $ 92,843

Project Description The proposed study will document temporal variability in toxin concentrations from Harmful Algal Blooms in the Northern Indian River Lagoon, Banana River Lagoon, and Mosquito Lagoon and combine them with data on environmental conditions to identify biogeochemical drivers of toxin production. Currently, toxins are not analyzed as part of ambient water quality surveys, and adaptive sampling of blooms may miss periods when toxins are produced. To address these gaps, the proposed project will deploy Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Testing (SPATT) bags on existing water quality towers maintained by the St. Johns River Water Management District (Attachment 1). These SPATT bags will integrate exposure to toxins over one-month periods. Targeted toxins will be selected using information on blooms reported during deployments. Multivariate statistical models will be used to identify associations between integrated toxin concentrations and potential biogeochemical drivers. Overall, monthly deployments of SPATT bags will provide insights into the presence of toxins, correlations between toxicity and ambient conditions that can inform management, and valuable information on the cost:benefit ratio associated with a network to monitor toxins. Key Outputs (Deliverables) The proposed project will involve at least 12 sampling events. Deliverables include 1) temporal concentrations of toxins (µg/L) at each site; 2) multivariate statistical assessments to identify potential biogeochemical drivers of toxins; 3) quarterly and final reports with preliminary and overall results; and 4) at least one peer-reviewed publication near the end of the project. Key Outcomes (Benefits for the IRL) In the short-term, concentrations of toxins will be reported to the IRL NEP and other agencies, such as the St. Johns River Water Management District. These results provide immediate insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of toxicity. Long-term goals revolve around identifying potential biogeochemical drivers for the production of targeted toxins and providing guidance for future work to confirm causal links and design strategies to mitigate or control the production of toxins.

Page 1 of 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Title of Project Controlling Pyrodinium Outbreaks in the Indian River Lagoon Estuarine System (IRLES) by Low-cost Biochars Prepared from Sargassum Lead Organization and Partners Lead: Florida Institute of Technology Partner: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Project Location Melbourne, FL Key CCMP Vital Sign(s) Harmful Algal Bloom IRLNEP Contribution and Source $59,969 Partner Match Florida Institute of Technology $67,014 / NOAA $0.00 Total Project Cost $126,983

Project Description Florida’s Indian River Lagoon (IRL) frequently experiences harmful algal blooms (HABs), with Pyrodinium bahamense as one of the major bloom-forming species. Pyrodinium produces saxitoxins (STX), a group of neurotoxins which cause paralytic fish poisoning and result in major economic losses along the Atlantic coast. Traditional methods of HAB control, such as biological, chemical, or genetic control have proven to be either costly or ineffective. According to our prior research experience, biochars might have tremendous potential to control HABs in the IRL. Therefore, Florida Institute of Technology in collaboration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is proposing a one-year project to synthesize biochars from Sargassum seaweed and use this material to adsorb Pyrodinium cells and STX from water. Specific objectives are: (1) Establish relationship between biochar morphologies produced from Sargassum at varying conditions and asses their capacity for Pyrodinium (and STX) adsorption; and (2) Evaluate the fate of STX during Pyrodinium adsorption, and its elimination from water. This project will identify the key aspects on how to control HAB outbreaks from IRL. Two graduate students will be funded from this project, while their tuition will be provided as cost-share. The project outputs will be presented and discussed in panel at the annual IRL Symposium. This project will also result in valuable preliminary results for upcoming NOAA PCMHAB and EPA South Florida Geographic Initiative proposals. Implementing this technology will benefit multiple management authorities including, but not limited to: IRLNEP, St John’s River Water Management District, local fisheries businesses, and local tourism. Map and Photo(s): Attached with the email Key Outputs (Deliverables) Outline the specific project deliverables as a list with brief descriptions of each. Be sure to quantify any nutrient reduction estimates, acres of linear feet restored, etc.  Presentation at IRL Symposium. Scientific discoveries of this project will be presented at the IRL Symposium.  Peer-reviewed manuscripts. A manuscript describing HAB will be submitted to Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering or similar journal  EPA SFGI grant proposal. An EPA South Florida Geographic Initiative (SFGI) proposal will be submitted to move this technology to Phase II.  Final report. Final report will be submitted to IRLNEP Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL)  Demonstration of proof of concept for a new technology that has a HAB mitigation application  All-natural route of mitigation for containing/controlling HABs, or a combined way to rid beaches of nuisance algae while using it to treat HABs in specific, targeted areas  Long term: benefits the local IRL HAB community in providing new avenues for pursuing mitigation efforts during HABs.

Page 2 of 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Title of Project Fingerprinting emerging contaminants of concern in the Central Indian River Lagoon (IRL) Lead Organization and Partners: Florida International University (FIU) Natalia Soares Quinete, Lead PI, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, [email protected], (305) 919-4113; Piero Gardinali, Co-PI, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, [email protected], (305)348-6354; Henry Briceño, Co-PI, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, [email protected], (305) 348-1269 Project Location Central IRL (28° 8'10.68"N, 80°19'4.77"W to 27°33'57.09"N, 80°39'48.96"W) Key CCMP Vital Sign(s): Contaminants and Science and Technology IRLNEP Contribution and Source: $ 99,559.16, IRL Council Partner Match: $ 33,529.60 (25.2%) Total Project Cost $ 133,088.76 Project Description: The goal of this research is to assess the occurrence of emerging contaminants by non-targeted analysis (NTA) in surface waters of the Central IRL Basin, identifying chemicals of concern, their seasonal trends and exploring the role played by the unintentional release of treated or untreated sewage by tracing sucralose, a powerful indicator of wastewater intrusion. Currently, there is a significant knowledge gap in the identification and assessment of emerging contaminants of concern (ECC) discharged into the IRL surface waters. Some ECC can act as endocrine disruptor chemicals and are not effectively removed during conventional wastewater treatment. Recently, citizens have expressed serious concerns on the water quality in the IRL watershed, blaming the intrusion of effluents from onsite treatment systems (septic tanks) as a source of pollution to nearby waters, contributing to surface water degradation and leading to algae blooms, seagrass die-off and fish kills at the IRL. Therefore, to address this issue and to improve our understanding on anthropogenic pollutants impacting the IRL, we will collect and analyze surface water and wastewater samples from five WWTP (NPDES sites), nine river and nine lagoon waters, during the wet and dry seasons, spanning from Melbourne to Vero Beach. Map and Photo(s): Project Map with sampling locations and description (Fig 1) and a representative scheme of the proposed project (Fig 2) is provided as two JPEG images in annex. Key Outputs (Deliverables): The following outputs are expected to be produced in this project: Quarterly Report #1: Bibliographic Summary; Final Execution Plan. Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) management plan; Sampling Event #1 report. Date: Month 5th Quarterly Report #2: Analytical Results of Sampling #1; Statistics of existing water quality data for Central IRL; QA/QC Audit; Date: Month 7th Quarterly Report#3: Analytical results of Sampling #2; Statistical correlations; Date: Month 10th Quarterly Report #4: Critical data and an online open-access database on ECC species, distribution, and variations in Central IRL. Outreach activities with NGOs and partnerships. Date: Month 12th Final Report Draft: Draft final with quantitative sucralose data to elucidate effluent migration from septic tanks to nearshore surface water, including probable sources of pollution; potential correlation with traditional water quality parameters and the presence of specific ECC. Areas of concerns will be identified. Public and expedite access to results via internet to inform on impacts of ECC on water quality and conditions in the IRL. Date: Month 12th Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL): This project will provide critical information on ECC occurrence, identity, changes, and sources on the IRL watershed as well as the influence of wastewater on surface water, serving as a base to identify areas of concern and to inform IRL partners and stakeholders on priority ECC to be included in monitoring efforts.

Page 3 of 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Title of Project Monitoring Improved Hydrology, Water Quality, and Mangrove Recovery in the Jensen Beach Impoundment (Category 4 Science and Innovation Proposal) Lead Organization Lead Organization: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and Partners: Ryan P. Moyer, Ph.D., [email protected] ,727-892-4153; Kara Radabaugh, Ph.D., [email protected], 727-502-4986; 100 8th Avenue SE, St. Petersburg FL 33701 Erin McDevitt, [email protected], 772-774-9490. 19100 SE Federal Hwy, Tequesta, FL, 33469. Project Partner: Florida Oceanographic Society Loraé T. Simpson, Ph.D., [email protected], 772-225-0505 x 114, 890 NE Ocean Blvd, Stuart, FL 34996 Project Location: Hutchinson Island, Jensen Beach Impoundment (27.257560, -80.206672), 170-acre impounded mangrove forest. See map and photo. Key CCMP Vital Impaired waters, stormwater, hydrology, wetlands, connected waters, Sign(s): biodiversity, monitoring and data, state of the lagoon IRLNEP Contribution $42, 519, IRL Council and Source: Partner Match: $12,604 (FWC, 21.6 %) + $3,292 (FOS, 5.6 %) = $15,897 total (27.2 %) Total Project Cost: $58,416

Project Description: The Jensen Beach Impoundment (JBI) is a 170-acre impounded mangrove wetland which was originally created for mosquito control (see included map and photos). The stress of altered hydrology (chronic) and standing water (acute) following Hurricane Irma in 2017 led to the death of over 50 acres of mangroves and stressed an additional 30 acres. Externally funded habitat restoration in the JBI is being implemented through a partnership with FWC and Martin County, with planned completion of construction by October 2021. This proposed study will monitor the water quality, hydrology, forest elevation, vegetation, and soil in areas that show signs of low, moderate, and severe stress within the JBI. Information on appropriate hydrologic conditions will help manage other impounded wetlands and prevent future mortality events. This study will also provide information on how rapidly ecosystem services such as nutrient filtration and soil stabilization are restored in a mangrove mortality zone following restoration.

Key Outputs: Water quality, vegetation, and soil characteristics will be monitored to assess the recovery of the JBI forest and its ecosystem services. A final report evaluating the success of the JBI hydrologic restoration in forests with low, moderate, and severe degrees of stress will be produced (Deliverable 1). A set of recommendations for appropriate hydrologic conditions in impounded mangrove forests will enable adaptive management of the JBI and enable improved hydrologic management of other IRL impoundments (Deliverable 2). All scientific findings will be prepared into one or more manuscripts for peer-reviewed journal publication (Deliverable 3), as very limited information on the recovery of ecosystem services in mangrove-mortality zones is available.

Key Outcomes: 1) Restoration success will be evaluated in the JBI and enable adaptive management of the site (short-term benefit). 2) Changes in water quality, hydrology, elevation, and vegetative growth, will be compared before and after restoration (medium- to long-term benefit). 3) Recommendations on appropriate hydrologic conditions for other impounded IRL wetlands will be provided to avoid future habitat mortality events due to storms and sea-level rise (long-term benefit).

Page 4 of 4 Executive Summary Title of Project: Innovative means and methods to facilitate prioritization of future stormwater capture, treatment, and restoration projects using existing data in a cost-effective manner Lead Organization and Lead: Randall Parkinson, Ph.D., P.G., RWParkinson Consulting, Melbourne, Partners: Florida 32935, (321) 373-0976, [email protected] Partner: Indian River County Board of County Commissioners, Eric Charest, Natural Resource Manager, Vero Beach, Florida 32960, (772) 567-8000 Project Location: Indian River Lagoon Central sub-basin, Indian River County. Center point is 27o 45’ (N) and 80o25” (W). Area: ~100 km2. Key CCMP Vital Sign(s): Water Quality - Impaired Waters, stormwater, Hydrology, Contaminants. Habitats - Seagrasses, Filter Feeders, Connected Waters. Living Resources - Biodiversity, Harmful Algal Blooms. Healthy Communities - Climate Ready Estuaries. C3 - CCMP Implementation, Science & Technology Innovation, Monitoring and Data. IRLNEP Contribution and $16,666.67, IRL Council Source: Partner Match: $5,833.33 (26%) Total Project Cost: $22,500.00 Project Description: The Indian River Lagoon (IRL) has been densely sampled, monitored, and measured to assess hydrology and water quality. And while it is clear the basin receives significant nutrient loading from stormwater point sources, we do not currently understand the spatial and temporal scale or associated water quality implications of these freshwater plumes as they enter, evolve, and disseminate in the IRL. Can they be detected and tracked over time? How large are they and what controls the spatial scale? How long do they persist and what dictates their duration? What effect does proximity to a tidal inlet have on their temporal and spatial evolution? Our pilot project is designed to answer these questions using existing data, innovative means (e.g., remotely sensed water quality proxies) and methods (e.g., machine learning models) in a cost-effective manner. Although our project will focus on the Central IRL, located in Indian River County, we anticipate the resulting information and modeling protocol (outputs) will be useful to resource managers during their consideration and prioritization of large-scale restoration projects designed to reduce impairment and HABs throughout the IRL (outcome). Map and Photo(s): Map of project location (Attachment I). Photo (Attachment II). Key Outputs (Deliverables): Deliverable 3 - An innovative/novel and cost-effective methodology to evaluate the spatial and temporal scale hotspots and hot moments to two contrasting stormwater point-source locations located in the Central IRL sub- basin. Deliverable 4 - In collaboration with our partner (Indian River County) and others (e.g., Brevard County, St. Johns River Water Management District), to model will be constructed to: (1) optimize end-user confidence and ensure (2) it is both user friendly and (3) can be readily applied by resource management stakeholders and practitioners responsible for improving water quality in the IRL. Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL): This project proposes to generate an innovative/novel tool capable of transforming the decision-making structure for prioritizing stormwater mitigation/restoration projects designed to reduce water quality impairment and HAB. Utilization of the tool by resource practitioners will be facilitated by our outreach efforts and intent to design a relatively rapid and cost-effective tool that does not require the collection of new water quality data.

Page 5 of 5 Executive Summary

Title of Project Category 4: Science and Innovation Projects: Employing eDNA to Impaired Waterway Restoration Efforts to Revolutionize Biomonitoring Lead Organization University of Central Florida (UCF): Dr. Michelle Gaither, Dr. and Partners Geoffrey Cook, Dr. Linda Walters, and Dr. Melinda Donnelly Project Location Brevard County-Marina Isles Community: 28° 9'2.81"N, 80°36'20.88"W; Ahmed-Niland: 28° 4'37.57"N, 80°34'27.39"W; Coconut Point EEL Preserve: 28° 0'38.90"N, 80°32'14.41"W; Hog Point EEL Preserve: 27°59'50.55"N, 80°31'33.41"W Key CCMP Vital One Lagoon: Impaired Waters (Critical), Filter Feeders Sign(s): (Serious), Biodiversity (Serious); One Voice: Science & Technology Innovation (Undetermined), Monitoring and Data (Serious) IRLNEP Contribution $50,000, IRL Council and Source: Partner Match: $16,762 Total Project Cost: $66,762

Project Description: By leveraging ongoing and highly successful, community-based and partner- driven restoration and monitoring efforts sponsored by Brevard County’s SOIRL (Save Our Indian River Lagoon) program, we propose to develop protocols that will revolutionize the way biomonitoring is conducted in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) and beyond. We will combine innovative eDNA sequencing technologies with traditional monitoring efforts, including seine and visual surveys, to compare the efficacy of each technique and then combine these datasets to optimize a biomonitoring protocol that capitalizes on the strengths of each method and that will maximize the derived value from our limited restoration dollars.

Map and Photos: See Attachment 1 and Attachment 2

Key Outputs (Deliverables): Deliverable 1: Biodiversity assessments at five restoration sites using eDNA metabarcoding of two primer sets that target fishes and invertebrates. Deliverable 2: Traditional biodiversity assessments at five restoration sites using seine nets for fish which will be combined with ongoing visual surveys of restoration materials for fishes and invertebrates. Deliverable 3: Optimized biomonitoring protocols that combine eDNA sampling and traditional survey techniques that will reduce the time and money required for monitoring efforts. Deliverable 4: Quarterly and final reporting of progress. Deliverable 5: Engagement and training of a minimum of 10 UCF undergraduates (340 hours).

Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL): Many millions of taxpayer dollars have been spent on restoration projects to improve impaired waterways and restore habitat in the IRL. These efforts are usually accompanied by labor-intensive and time-consuming biomonitoring to measure project efficacy. Here we will develop a cost-effective and efficient biomonitoring strategy that combines traditional techniques with innovative sequencing technologies that will provide a more complete assessment of biological communities and their recovery, that can be employed in any estuarine system, and that will make the most efficient use of limited restoration dollars.

Page 6 of 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Title of Project: Category 4 Science and Innovation Proposal: Advancing Filter Feeder Habitat Restoration Approaches for a Changing Lagoon Lead Organization and University of Central Florida and Florida State Partners: University Project Location Mosquito Lagoon (28°54'24.73"N, 80°49'16.44"W) Key CCMP Vital Sign(s): ONE LAGOON. Water Quality: Contaminants of Concern - 1. Habitat Quality: Filter Feeders-1, 2, 3. Living Shorelines - 1. Living Resources: 2; Biodiversity-, 3.; ONE VOICE: Monitoring and Data Sharing -2. IRLNEP Contribution and $56,342, IRL Council Source: Partner Match: $17,612 from UCF; $2,374 FSU; $19,986 TOTAL (26.18%) Total Project Cost: $76,328 Project Description: Two critical science and innovation areas required for continued success of filter feeder habitat restoration will be addressed. First, the use of biodegradable restoration materials has been prioritized by the IRL community to maintain trash-free waters. We will monitor the ability of BESE-elements® mats created from potato chip waste and jute-infused cement structures to support successful oyster reef habitat restoration using traditional oyster restoration metrics, while also gaining an understanding of the impacts of these novel materials on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling to inform future decisions on the deployment of the optimal biodegradable materials. Second, field experiments investigating accelerated ocean acidification (OA) at the site-scale will improve the climate readiness of restored reef habitats for calcifying organisms. The rapid expansion of red mangroves in and near reefs creates hot spots of organic-rich, acidic soils. We will be the first scientific team to evaluate whether mangrove proximity negatively impacts oyster success by experimentally quantifying oyster shell dissolution (mass loss and compressive strength) in tandem with quantifying the corrosivity of surface and porewater on oyster reefs with and without mangroves present. Map and Photo(s): Attachments: A) Map: The project location spans multiple oyster reefs within Mosquito Lagoon (ML). B) Photos: Red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) are rapidly recruiting on oyster reefs within ML; Volunteers restored two reefs in ML using biodegradable BESE-elements® mats in 2019. Key Outputs (Deliverables): 1: Oyster reef restoration monitoring data for 2 biodegradable materials. 2: Site-scale water and sediment chemistry data on accelerated OA on oyster reefs. 3: Experimental data assessing the importance of mangrove proximity on oyster health. 4: Dissemination of research findings through two peer-reviewed publications. 5: Quarterly and final reports. Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL): 1: Short, case-study data of BESE and jute-cement success in the IRL; Mid, data to compare to other novel materials; Long, large-scale adoption of the optimal biodegradable materials in the IRL. 2: Short, shared dataset on site-scale OA in the IRL; Mid, background data to inform and energize further IRL OA research; Long, scientific understanding of OA on oyster reefs. 3: Short, experimental field data on the impacts of mangrove colonization of oyster reefs; Mid, data-informed mangrove management and placement of new oyster reef restoration projects in the IRL; Long, predictive modeling capabilities of mangrove/oyster interactions. 4 & 5: Short, IRLNEP and public access to scientific research data; Mid & Long, robust scientific understanding for deliverables 1 through 3.

Page 7 of 7 Executive Summary

Title of Project Development of a Shoreline Restoration Model for the Southern Indian River Lagoon

Lead Organization and University of Central Florida (UCF) Partners Melinda Donnelly, Kelly Kibler, and David Cannon Community Stakeholders: Vincent Encomio (FL Sea Grant), Molly Klinepeter (Indian River County), Irene Arpayoglou (Indian River Lagoon Aquatic Preserve) Project Location Comprehensive shoreline dataset for the entire Indian River Lagoon system, Ponce Inlet 29°4’18.97”N, 80°54’58.15”W to Jupiter Inlet 26°56'38.89"N, 80° 4'17.27"W Key CCMP Vital Sign(s): Hydrology & Hydrodynamics, Stormwater, Seagrasses, Filter Feeders, Living Shorelines, Wetlands, Spoil Islands, Biodiversity, Species of Concern, Exotic & Invasive, Monitoring and Data, State of the Lagoon, Science and Innovative Technology, Climate Ready Estuaries IRLNEP Contribution and $88,721, IRL Council Source: Partner Match: $29,998 Total Project Cost: $118,719 Project Description: This project will complete a high-resolution spatial dataset documenting the contemporary state of all shorelines in the IRL, with a final project output of a lagoon-wide mapping asset and model that prioritizes IRL shorelines according to need for stabilization. The proposed shoreline data collection will encompass 180 miles of shorelines from Sebastian Inlet to Jupiter Inlet, which will be combined with previous efforts completed in North and Central IRL to provide a Lagoon-wide assessment of shorelines and associated habitats. Shoreline assessment and prioritization model can be used directly by resource managers and restoration stakeholders and supports future hydrodynamic modeling for the expansion of the living shoreline suitability model developed for the North and Central regions into the South IRL. This lagoon-wide dataset directly addresses the Indian River Lagoon Council’s priorities for FY2022 by using innovative and transformative science and technology to improve habitat restoration, decrease restoration costs, and improve water quality. Deliverables will guide the Planning, Design & Engineering of shoreline stabilization, habitat conservation, and restoration efforts, which will support water quality improvement from increased wetland and filter feeder habitat as well as support a climate-ready estuary by facilitating emergency management efforts and post-event recovery. Map and Photos: See Attachment 1 and Attachment 2 Key Outputs (Deliverables): This project will create a publicly accessible database of critical baseline data for current conditions on mainland, barrier island, and spoil island shorelines, including extent of natural habitats (wetland, seagrass, filter feeders) and locations of non-native species, stormwater outfalls and other water inputs. These data will be incorporated into a shoreline restoration prioritization model for the study area. Hydrodynamic conditions in South IRL will be characterized to support future hydrodynamic modeling. Key Outcomes (Benefits to the IRL): Short-term outcomes: improved knowledge to support conservation, management and restoration decisions; Mid-term outcomes: improved conservation and restoration strategies; Long-term outcomes: increased area of high-quality shoreline habitats supporting biodiversity and recovery of ecosystem services and improved water conditions from a decrease in erosion and turbidity and an increase in biotic filtration.

Page 8 of 8 INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 11 -f New Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

CCMP implementation: Development of EPA Work Plan with Title: submittal due no later than June 1, 2021 and IRLNEP Business Plan. Requested Action: Signature

Requested Actions (By separate motions):

• Direct staff to prepare and submit the EPA workplan for FY 2022 before June 1, 2021 • Direct staff to develop and distribute the FY 2022 Business Plan (combined IRLNEP and EPA Work Plan).

Summary Explanation and Background:

The EPA workplan includes all EPA-funded projects. The annual business plan includes

projects funded from all sources.

Fiscal Impact:

TBD based on final funding decisions

Exhibits Attached:

None. EPA workplan and business plan are developed following final RFP funding decisions.

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 11 -g New Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: FY 2022 Preliminary Budget

Requested Action: Signature

Requested Action: Board of Directors reviews and adopts the preliminary budget for FY 2022 by Resolution 2021-02 pursuant to IRL Council policy and Florida statute 200.065.

Summary Explanation and Background:

Review and approval of preliminary FY 2022 Budget is required by March 1, 2021

Fiscal Impact:

Preliminary budget for FY 2022 is $2,325,000

Exhibits Attached:

Resolution 2021-02

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

RESOLUTION NO. 2021-02

A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE IRL COUNCIL ADOPTING THE TENTATIVE BUDGET FOR THE 2022 FISCAL YEAR

WHEREAS, the IRL Council was created via Interlocal Agreement to carry out the goals of the Indian River Lagoon National Estuary Program; and

WHEREAS, the IRL Council held a public hearing to consider the tentative Budget;

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE IRL COUNCIL, THAT:

Section 1. The Fiscal Year 2022 Tentative Budget is attached as Exhibit “A”.

Section 2. The Fiscal Year 2022 Tentative Budget is hereby adopted.

Section 3. This Resolution shall become effective immediately upon passage.

DONE at , Florida, this day of _ __,2021.

By: ______IRL Council Chair

ATTEST:

______IRL Council Secretary

Approved as to legal form and sufficiency:

______Glen J. Torcivia IRL Council, Legal Counsel

RESOLUTION 2021-02 FY 2022 Tentative Budget Page 1 of 3 IRL Council FY 2022 Tentative Budget Exhibit A

REVENUES Federal $ 700,000 IRL License Plate $ 125,000 Member Contributions $1,500,000 TOTAL REVENUES $2,325,000

EXPENDITURES Other Expenditures $1,679,295 IRL Council Strategic Program, IRLNEP 2022 EPA Work Plan, Unplanned Contingency Reserve

Salaries & Benefits $ 404,505

Facilities Expenses $ 35,500 Rent, Utilities, Equipment Maintenance, Communications

Administrative Costs $ 75,500 Postage, Office Supplies, Insurance, Printing, Travel, Licenses & Subscriptions, Dues, Professional Development

Administrative Services $ 130,200 Legal, Accounting, Auditing, IT Services, Legal Ads

TOTAL EXPENDITURES $2,325,000 Agency Balance Beginning of Year $ 0 Fund Balance - Beginning of Year $ 0 Fund Balance – End of Year $ 0

RESOLUTION 2021-02 FY 2022 Tentative Budget Page 2 of 3 FY 2022 Tentative Budget Expenditure Detail (Narrative)

• OTHER EXPENDITURES ($1,679,295) 1. IRL Council Strategic Program ($955,000) includes the following: a. Water Quality Restoration Projects - $500,000 b. Habitat Restoration -$200,000 c. Community-Based Restoration - $200,000 d. Small grants program - $25,000 e. IRLNEP Technical Support of Conferences and Workshops - $30,000 2. IRLNEP FY2022 EPA Workplan ($700,000) includes the following: a. Science and innovation RFP project(s) - $100,000 b. State of the Lagoon Technical Report Y3 - $75,000 c. Communication Support: Service contracts for web/graphics/design support, scientific and other publications, other contract support as needed, and expanded social media and support for communication intern - $205,225 d. Biodiversity Inventory Contract Y3 - $25,000 e. Atmospheric Deposition Monitoring Y3 - $28,000 f. Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring Contracts - $150,000 g. Grant Writing Support contracts - $40,000 h. EPA Travel (mandatory) - $10,000 i. CCMP project inventory and prioritization service contract(s) - $66,775 3. Unplanned Contingency Reserve - $24,295 • SALARIES AND BENEFITS ($404,505) 1. Executive Director - $146,250 2. Deputy Director - $105,755 3. Chief Operating Officer – $94,908 4. Administrative Coordinator - $57,592 • FACILITIES EXPENSES ($35,500) 1. Utilities - $2,000 2. Rent and Leases - $8,500 3. Equipment Maintenance - $5,000 4. Equipment and Communications - $20,000 • ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ($75,500) 1. Travel General - $20,000 2. Postage and Mailing - $1,000 3. Office Supplies - $5,000 4. Dues, Licenses, and Subscriptions - $10,000 5. Printing - $25,000 6. Insurance - $6,500 7. Staff Training and Professional Development - $8,000 • ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES ($130,200) 1. Legal - $65,000 2. Accounting - $28,500 3. Auditing - $11,200 4. IT Services and Compliance - $25,000 5. Legal Ads - $500

RESOLUTION 2021-02 FY 2022 Tentative Budget Page of 3

3 INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 11 -h New Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

Title: FY 2021 Request for Qualifications – RFQ for CCMP revisions and project list support services Requested Action: Signature

Requested Action: Board of Directors authorizes staff to enter into a service contract with the recommended vendor(s).

Summary Explanation and Background:

Recommended contractor will be responsible for updating the regional list of projects

associated with the CCMP and other duties related to projects.

Fiscal Impact:

th Unknown at this time. RFQ submittals due Friday, January 29 , 2021

Exhibits Attached:

Ranked listing of potential contractors.

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 11 -i New Business

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

FY 2021 Request for Qualifications – RFQ for Contract Title: support for graphic, editorial, and ADA services for graphic and print collaterals Requested Action: Signature

Requested Action: Board of Directors authorizes staff to enter into a service contract with the recommended vendor(s).

Summary Explanation and Background:

Recommended contractor will be responsible for updating the regional list of projects

associated with the CCMP and other duties related to projects.

Fiscal Impact:

th Unknown at this time. RFQ submittals due Friday, January 29 , 2021

Exhibits Attached:

Ranked listing of potential contractors.

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract

If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

INDIAN RIVER LAGOON NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM Agenda Item: 12. IRLNEP Staff Reports

IRL Council Board of Directors Meeting February 12, 2021

IRLNEP Staff Reports Title:

Requested Action: Signature

None

Summary Explanation and Background:

a. Project Updates (Daniel Kolodny)

b. Communication Report (Kathy Hill)

c. Executive Director Report (Duane De Freese)

Fiscal Impact:

None

Exhibits Attached:

None

Contract Agreement (If Attached):

☐ Yes Contract ☒ No Contract If Yes, was legal review conducted by Counsel? ☐ Yes No ☐

Quarterly Cash Flow

FY 2021 IRLNEP Budget Categories Amended Budget 11/6/2020 Q1 Revenue Q2 Revenue Q3 Revenue Q4 Revenue Total Revenue Revenues EPA WorkPlan$ 662,500.00 $ 662,500.00 SJRWMD $ 500,000.00 $ 500,000.00 $500,000.00 SFWMD $ 500,000.00 $ 500,000.00 $500,000.00 FDEP $ 250,000.00 $ 125,000.00 $125,000.00 Volusia County $ 50,000.00 $ 50,000.00 $50,000.00 Brevard County $ 50,000.00 $ 50,000.00 $50,000.00 Indian River County $ 50,000.00 $ 50,000.00 $50,000.00 St Lucie $ 50,000.00 $ 50,000.00 $50,000.00 Martin County $ 50,000.00 $ 50,000.00 $50,000.00 IRL Specialty License Plate $ 125,000.00 $ ‐ $0.00 Online Store Sales $ 300.80 $300.80 External Grants $ ‐ $0.00 Other (Interst, Donations) $ 2,357.87 $2,357.87 Fund Balance End FY19‐20 $ 5,627.00 $ 5,627.00 $5,627.00 Agency Balance Forward $ 242,754.25 $ 242,744.25 $242,744.25 Subtotal FY Revenues $ 2,535,881.25 $1,626,029.92 $0.00 $0.00 $ ‐ $1,626,029.92 Q1 Expenditures Q2 Expenditures Q3 Expenditures Q4 Expenditures Total Expenditures OTHER EXPENDITURES (EPA Workplan ‐ Section 320 Funding) Monitoring Plan $ 25,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 Habitat Restoration Plan gap analysis $ 25,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 IRL Asset Mapping $ 29,980.00 $0.00 $0.00 Science & Innovation RFP $ 100,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 State of the Lagoon Technical Report (Competitive RFP ‐ multiple year contract ) $ 75,295.00 $0.00 $0.00 Special Projects Coordinator (Salary at $60,000) $ ‐ $0.00 Communication Support: RFQs for web/graphics/design support, scientific and other publications, and other contract support and expanded social media $ 205,225.00 $0.00 $0.00 Biodiversity Inventory ‐ Celebrating 20 Years, Looking Ahead to 2030 continuing from RFQ awardee $ 25,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 Atmospheric Deposition Station (continuing contract) $ 27,000.00 $9,158.47 $9,158.47 Grant Writing Support (3 continuing contracts) $ 40,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 IRLNEP Technical Support of Conferences and Workshops $ ‐ $0.00 HAB monitoring continuing from RFQ awardee $ 100,000.00 $9,868.01 $9,868.01 EPA Travel (mandatory EPA work plan requirement) $ 10,000.00 $0.00 $0.00 One Lagoon Data Management $ ‐ $0.00 TOTAL EPA WORKPLAN $ 662,500.00 $ 19,026.48 $19,026.48

OTHER EXPENDITURES (DEP INNOVATION GRANT) Q1 Expenditures Q2 Expenditures Q3 Expenditures Q4 Expenditures Total Expenditures Contractural services $ 723,581.79 $ ‐ Salary (GIS IT Coordinator) $ 97,500.00 $ ‐ Miscellaneous/Other Expenses $ 8,400.00 $ ‐ supplies $ 800.00 $ ‐ Indirect cost @ 15.69% $ 133,188.06 $ ‐ Total DEP Workplan $ 963,470.00 $ ‐

OTHER EXPENDITURES (IRL Council Contributions and License Plate) Q1 Expenditures Q2 Expenditures Q3 Expenditures Q4 Expenditures Total Expenditures Restoration Projects (multiple contracts tbd) remainder to fund SPATT Toxin project $ 53,271.00 $ ‐ Water Quality Restoration $ 593,973.69 $ ‐ Habitat Restoration $ 207,020.00 $ ‐ Community‐Based Restoration (multiple contracts tbd) $ 195,547.00 $ ‐ Small Grants Program $ 25,000.00 $ ‐ IRLNEP Technical Support of Conferences and Workshops $ 30,000.00 $ ‐ cost share match for IRL Council grant proposals $ 30,000.00 $ ‐ Online store merchandise $ 20,000.00 $ 17,210.50 Subtotal (Restoration Projects) $ 1,154,811.69 $ 17,210.50 $ 17,210.50 FY 2021 IRLNEP Budget Categories Q1 Expenditures Q2 Expenditures Q3 Expenditures Q4 Expenditures Total Expenditures Administrative Expenditure Detail Salaries and Benefits (4 FTEs with benefits @ 30%) Executive Director ($112,500 salary)$ 146,250.00 Deputy Director/Chief Communications Officer ($79,560 salary)$ 103,428.00 Chief Operating Officer ($71,400 salary) $ 92,820.00 Vacant Project/Administrative Coordinator ($40,000‐$60,000 salary) $ 78,000.00 Subtotal Salaries and Benefits$ 420,498.00 $ 110,639.32 $ 110,639.32

Administrative Services Legal (Torcivia) ($275/hr with contract cap at $ $ 65,000.00 $ 3,123.00 Accounting (Special District Services) $ 28,500.00 $ 7,125.00 Auditing (James Moore) $ 11,200.00 $ ‐ Personnel Services $ ‐ IT Services & Compliance $ 25,000.00 $ ‐ Legal Ads $ 500.00 $ ‐ Subtotal Admin Services $ 130,200.00 $ 10,248.00 $ 10,248.00

Facility Expenses Utilities (Water, Sewer, Electric)$ 2,000.00 $360.00 Rent and Leases $ 8,500.00 $987.61 Equipment Maintenance $ 5,000.00 $0.00 Equipment (Computers/Hardware/Software/Communications) $ 20,000.00 $3,172.66 Subtotal Facilities Costs $ 35,500.00 $ 4,520.27 $ 4,520.27

Administrative Costs Travel General (reimbursement)$ 20,000.00 $ ‐ Postage and Mailing $ 1,000.00 $ ‐ Office Supplies $ 5,000.00 $ 1,055.87 Dues, Licenses and Subscriptions $ 10,000.00 $ 322.29 Printing $ 25,000.00 $ 9,737.00 Insurance $ 6,500.00 $ 6,499.00 Staff Training & Professional Development $ 8,000.00 $ ‐ Subtotal Admin Costs $ 75,500.00 $ 17,614.16 $ 17,614.16

Contingency Reserve $ 56,871.56 0 $ ‐ TOTAL FY 2021 EXPENDITURES $ 2,535,881.25 $ 179,258.73 $ 179,258.73 BALANCE$ ‐ $1,446,771.19 12:50 PM IRL Council 01/26/21 Accrual Basis Profit & Loss Detail October through December 2020

Type Date Num Name Memo Debit Credit Balance Income 01-4000 ꞏ Store Merchandise Sales Deposit 12/18/2020 Cash 3 caps 54.00 54.00 Deposit 12/22/2020 1472 Gary Ritter 5 hats, 3 fishing shirts, 3 buffs 211.50 265.50 Deposit 12/22/2020 4843 Curtis Smith 1 fishing shirt, 1 buff 35.30 300.80 Total 01-4000 ꞏ Store Merchandise Sales 0.00 300.80 300.80 01-6000 ꞏ Membership Contribution 01-6001 ꞏ Member Contr - FDEP General Journal 10/01/2020 Def RevR Reverse of GJE Def Rev -- 250,000.00 250,000.00 Total 01-6001 ꞏ Member Contr - FDEP 0.00 250,000.00 250,000.00 01-6002 ꞏ Member Contr - SJRWMD General Journal 10/01/2020 Def RevR Reverse of GJE Def Rev -- 500,000.00 500,000.00 Total 01-6002 ꞏ Member Contr - SJRWMD 0.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 01-6003 ꞏ Member Contr - SFWMD General Journal 10/01/2020 Def RevR Reverse of GJE Def Rev -- 500,000.00 500,000.00 Total 01-6003 ꞏ Member Contr - SFWMD 0.00 500,000.00 500,000.00 01-6004 ꞏ Member Contr - Volusia Cnty General Journal 10/01/2020 Def RevR Reverse of GJE Def Rev -- 50,000.00 50,000.00 Total 01-6004 ꞏ Member Contr - Volusia Cnty 0.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 01-6005 ꞏ Member Contr - Brevard Cnty General Journal 10/01/2020 Def RevR Reverse of GJE Def Rev -- 50,000.00 50,000.00 Total 01-6005 ꞏ Member Contr - Brevard Cnty 0.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 01-6006 ꞏ Member Contr - Ind Riv Cnty Col General Journal 10/01/2020 Def RevR Reverse of GJE Def Rev -- 50,000.00 50,000.00 Total 01-6006 ꞏ Member Contr - Ind Riv Cnty Col 0.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 01-6007 ꞏ Member Contr - St. Lucie Cnty General Journal 10/01/2020 Def RevR Reverse of GJE Def Rev -- 50,000.00 50,000.00 Total 01-6007 ꞏ Member Contr - St. Lucie Cnty 0.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 01-6008 ꞏ Member Contr - Martin Cnty General Journal 10/01/2020 Def RevR Reverse of GJE Def Rev -- 50,000.00 50,000.00 Total 01-6008 ꞏ Member Contr - Martin Cnty 0.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 Total 01-6000 ꞏ Membership Contribution 0.00 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 01-9400 ꞏ Other Income 01-9410 ꞏ Interest Income (GF) Deposit 10/31/2020 Interest 317.95 317.95 Deposit 11/30/2020 Interest 289.92 607.87 Total 01-9410 ꞏ Interest Income (GF) 0.00 607.87 607.87 01-9402 ꞏ Donations Deposit 11/11/2020 BRPH donation from BRPH 1,000.00 1,000.00 Deposit 12/07/2020 2771 Brenda Blackburn Donation from Brenda Blackburn 500.00 1,500.00 Total 01-9402 ꞏ Donations 0.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 01-9400 ꞏ Other Income - Other Deposit 12/22/2020 568772 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) credit card rewards (Duane) 250.00 250.00 Total 01-9400 ꞏ Other Income - Other 0.00 250.00 250.00 Total 01-9400 ꞏ Other Income 0.00 2,357.87 2,357.87 Total Income 0.00 1,502,658.67 1,502,658.67 Gross Profit 0.00 1,502,658.67 1,502,658.67 Expense 01-1800 ꞏ IRL Other Expenditures 01-1801 ꞏ Section 320 EPA 01-2014 ꞏ Monit. Prev. of Toxins w/SPLATT Bill 12/31/2020 FAU2102126 Florida Atlantic University monitoring prevalence of microcystin toxins 10/3/20 4,150.08 4,150.08 Total 01-2014 ꞏ Monit. Prev. of Toxins w/SPLATT 4,150.08 0.00 4,150.08 02-1738 ꞏ HAB Monitoring South Bill 12/31/2020 FAU2102129 Florida Atlantic University IRL Microalgae & Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring th 55.84 55.84 Total 02-1738 ꞏ HAB Monitoring South 55.84 0.00 55.84 02-1737 ꞏ HAB Monitoring North Bill 10/31/2020 10/31/2020 University of Florida Board of Trustees IRL Harmful Algae Bloom Monitoring thru 10/31/20 3,665.56 3,665.56 Bill 11/30/2020 11/30/2020 University of Florida Board of Trustees IRL Harmful Algae Bloom Monitoring thru 11/30/20 6,202.45 9,868.01 Total 02-1737 ꞏ HAB Monitoring North 9,868.01 0.00 9,868.01 01-1727 ꞏ IRLNEP-Special Proj. Coordinatr General Journal 10/05/2020 PR 10/9/20 PR - 9/19/20-10/4/20 check date 10/9/20 Salaries 2,353.85 2,353.85 General Journal 10/19/2020 PR 10/23/20 PR - 10/3/20-10/1620 check date 10/23/20 Salarie 2,353.85 4,707.70 General Journal 11/03/2020 PR 11/6/20 PR - 10/17/20-10/30/20 check date 11/6/20 Sala 6,561.74 11,269.44 Total 01-1727 ꞏ IRLNEP-Special Proj. Coordinatr 11,269.44 0.00 11,269.44 01-1726 ꞏ IRLNEP-Harmful Algal Bloom Sci Bill 10/21/2020 2020-0326513-1 Frontiers Media SA 20 A-type articles in Frontiers in Marine Science Re 20,000.00 20,000.00 Total 01-1726 ꞏ IRLNEP-Harmful Algal Bloom Sci 20,000.00 0.00 20,000.00 01-1723 ꞏ Tetra Tech-One Lagoon Rest Plan Bill 10/31/2020 51661301 Tetra Tech, Inc One Lagoon Restoration plan thru 10/31/20 832.00 832.00 Bill 12/04/2020 51672977 Tetra Tech, Inc One Lagoon Restoration plan thru 11/30/20 194.34 1,026.34

Page 1 of 4 12:50 PM IRL Council 01/26/21 Accrual Basis Profit & Loss Detail October through December 2020

Type Date Num Name Memo Debit Credit Balance Bill 12/31/2020 51684234 Tetra Tech, Inc One Lagoon Restoration plan thru 12/31/20 284.68 1,311.02 Total 01-1723 ꞏ Tetra Tech-One Lagoon Rest Plan 1,311.02 0.00 1,311.02 01-1740 ꞏ Wood-Atmospheric Depos. of Nut. Bill 10/14/2020 F04128520 Wood Environmental & Infrastructure Solut Wet/dry Dep 10/2/20 6,211.50 6,211.50 Bill 10/30/2020 F04128620 Wood Environmental & Infrastructure Solut Wet/dry Dep OY1 thru 10/30/20 626.26 6,837.76 Bill 10/30/2020 F04128619B Wood Environmental & Infrastructure Solut Wet/dry Dep 10/30/20 10.90 6,848.66 Bill 10/30/2020 F04128619A Wood Environmental & Infrastructure Solut Wet/dry Dep 10/30/20 1,877.00 8,725.66 Bill 11/27/2020 F04128722 Wood Environmental & Infrastructure Solut Wet/dry Dep 11/27/20 432.81 9,158.47 Total 01-1740 ꞏ Wood-Atmospheric Depos. of Nut. 9,158.47 0.00 9,158.47 01-1970 ꞏ UCF-Mocroplastics, Oysters, IRL Bill 12/31/2020 CNG044549 University of Central Florida microplastics oysters & the IRL 25,377.41 25,377.41 Total 01-1970 ꞏ UCF-Mocroplastics, Oysters, IRL 25,377.41 0.00 25,377.41 01-1930 ꞏ IDEAS- IRLNEP Brand Activation Bill 11/06/2020 3-12375 IDEAS production billables-One Lagoon Brand Activation 900.00 900.00 Total 01-1930 ꞏ IDEAS- IRLNEP Brand Activation 900.00 0.00 900.00 01-1928 ꞏ Tetra Tech-CCMP Tech Support Bill 12/31/2020 51685264 Tetra Tech, Inc Comprehensive conservation & management plan t 3,669.08 3,669.08 Total 01-1928 ꞏ Tetra Tech-CCMP Tech Support 3,669.08 0.00 3,669.08 Total 01-1801 ꞏ Section 320 EPA 85,759.35 0.00 85,759.35 01-1870 ꞏ IRL Strategic Projects 01-1450 ꞏ Store Merchandise Purchase Bill 11/04/2020 4603 Imperial Imprinting LLC polo shirts (560 + 40) 6,650.00 6,650.00 Bill 11/04/2020 4602 Imperial Imprinting LLC t-shirts (559 + 40 + 259 + 40) 6,400.50 13,050.50 Bill 11/04/2020 4604 Imperial Imprinting LLC hats (500) 3,450.00 16,500.50 Bill 11/04/2020 4605 Imperial Imprinting LLC buffs (100) 710.00 17,210.50 Total 01-1450 ꞏ Store Merchandise Purchase 17,210.50 0.00 17,210.50 01-1730 ꞏ Sebastian-CRA Septic to Sewer Bill 12/31/2020 4-2063 City of Sebastian reimbursement septic to sewer 10/1/20-12/31/20 566.25 566.25 Total 01-1730 ꞏ Sebastian-CRA Septic to Sewer 566.25 0.00 566.25 01-1735 ꞏ ORCA Buffered Shoreline Demons. Bill 10/27/2020 102720 Ocean Research & Conservation Assoc, Inc invoice # 102720 7/1/20-9/30/20 5,587.91 5,587.91 Total 01-1735 ꞏ ORCA Buffered Shoreline Demons. 5,587.91 0.00 5,587.91 01-1733 ꞏ FDEP-IRL Shoreline Restoration Bill 11/30/2020 FC491 Florida Dept of Environmental Protection Grant no FC491 IRL Shoreline Restoration project 9 7,791.36 7,791.36 Total 01-1733 ꞏ FDEP-IRL Shoreline Restoration 7,791.36 0.00 7,791.36 Total 01-1870 ꞏ IRL Strategic Projects 31,156.02 0.00 31,156.02 Total 01-1800 ꞏ IRL Other Expenditures 116,915.37 0.00 116,915.37 01-6308 ꞏ Salaries & Benefits 01-6311 ꞏ Emp Benefits - FRS (employer) General Journal 10/05/2020 PR 10/9/20 PR - 9/19/20-10/4/20 check date 10/9/20 FRS 1,996.82 1,996.82 General Journal 10/19/2020 PR 10/23/20 PR - 10/3/20-10/1620 check date 10/23/20 FRS 1,996.82 3,993.64 General Journal 11/03/2020 PR 11/6/20 PR - 10/17/20-10/30/20 check date 11/6/20 FRS 2,417.61 6,411.25 General Journal 11/16/2020 PR 11/20/20 PR - 10/31/20-11/13/20 check date 11/20/20 FR 1,761.43 8,172.68 General Journal 12/01/2020 PR 12/4/20 PR - 11/14/20-11/27/20 check date 12/4/20 FR 1,761.43 9,934.11 General Journal 12/15/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 11/28/20-12/11/20 check date 12/18/20 F 1,761.43 11,695.54 General Journal 12/31/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 12/12/20-12/25/20 check date 12/31/20 FR 1,761.43 13,456.97 Total 01-6311 ꞏ Emp Benefits - FRS (employer) 13,456.97 0.00 13,456.97 01-6310 ꞏ Employee Benefits - Health Ins Bill 10/01/2020 006417280024 Standard Insurance Company (Life and LTD) policy# 00 641728 0024 October 2020 245.68 245.68 Bill 10/01/2020 Oct 2020 Brevard County BOCC (Health Ins) October 2020 3,899.34 4,145.02 Bill 10/01/2020 70079028 Davis Vision invoice # 70079028 client ID 1000000206 Oct 202 13.56 4,158.58 Bill 10/01/2020 2713833 Cigna client ID 12783 October 2020 130.67 4,289.25 General Journal 10/05/2020 PR 10/9/20 PR - 9/19/20-10/4/20 check date 10/9/20 Health Insurance EE 332.36 3,956.89 General Journal 10/19/2020 PR 10/23/20 PR - 10/3/20-10/1620 check date 10/23/20 Health Insurance 332.36 3,624.53 Bill 11/01/2020 2728434 Cigna client ID 12783 November 2020 130.67 3,755.20 Bill 11/01/2020 70079469 Davis Vision invoice # 70079469 client ID 1000000206 Nov 202 13.56 3,768.76 Bill 11/01/2020 NOVEMBER 2020 Brevard County BOCC (Health Ins) November 2020 2,946.30 6,715.06 Bill 11/01/2020 641728 0024 Standard Insurance Company (Life and LTD) policy# 00 641728 0024 November 2020 187.52 6,902.58 General Journal 11/03/2020 PR 11/6/20 PR - 10/17/20-10/30/20 check date 11/6/20 Health Insuranc 332.36 6,570.22 General Journal 11/16/2020 PR 11/20/20 PR - 10/31/20-11/13/20 check date 11/20/20 Health Insuran 261.62 6,308.60 General Journal 12/01/2020 PR 12/4/20 PR - 11/14/20-11/27/20 check date 12/4/20 Health Insuranc 261.62 6,046.98 Bill 12/01/2020 641728 0024 Standard Insurance Company (Life and LTD) policy# 00 641728 0024 December 2020 187.52 6,234.50 Bill 12/01/2020 70080878 Davis Vision invoice # 70080878 client ID 1000000206 Decemb 4.10 6,238.60 Bill 12/01/2020 2743057 Cigna client ID 12783 December 2020 130.67 6,369.27 Bill 12/02/2020 DECEMBER 2020 Brevard County BOCC (Health Ins) DECEMBER 2020 2,946.30 9,315.57 General Journal 12/15/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 11/28/20-12/11/20 check date 12/18/20 Health Insuranc 261.62 9,053.95 General Journal 12/31/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 12/12/20-12/25/20 check date 12/31/20 Health Insuranc 261.62 8,792.33 Total 01-6310 ꞏ Employee Benefits - Health Ins 10,835.89 2,043.56 8,792.33 01-6309 ꞏ Payroll Taxes General Journal 10/05/2020 PR 10/9/20 PR - 9/19/20-10/4/20 check date 10/9/20 ER SS 939.22 939.22 General Journal 10/05/2020 PR 10/9/20 PR - 9/19/20-10/4/20 check date 10/9/20 EE taxes 939.22 1,878.44

Page 2 of 4 12:50 PM IRL Council 01/26/21 Accrual Basis Profit & Loss Detail October through December 2020

Type Date Num Name Memo Debit Credit Balance

General Journal 10/05/2020 PR 10/9/20 PR - 9/19/20-10/4/20 check date 10/9/20 EE SS & Med 939.22 939.22 General Journal 10/05/2020 PR 10/9/20 PR - 9/19/20-10/4/20 check date 10/9/20 EE ta 1,622.41 2,561.63 General Journal 10/05/2020 PR 10/9/20 PR - 9/19/20-10/4/20 check date 10/9/20 ER taxes 1,622.41 939.22 General Journal 10/19/2020 PR 10/23/20 PR - 10/3/20-10/1620 check date 10/23/20 ER 939.23 1,878.45 General Journal 10/19/2020 PR 10/23/20 PR - 10/3/20-10/1620 check date 10/23/20 EE tax 939.23 2,817.68 General Journal 10/19/2020 PR 10/23/20 PR - 10/3/20-10/1620 check date 10/23/20 EE SS & Med 939.23 1,878.45 General Journal 10/19/2020 PR 10/23/20 PR - 10/3/20-10/1620 check date 10/23/20 EE 1,622.41 3,500.86 General Journal 10/19/2020 PR 10/23/20 PR - 10/3/20-10/1620 check date 10/23/20 ER taxes 1,622.41 1,878.45 General Journal 11/03/2020 PR 11/6/20 PR - 10/17/20-10/30/20 check date 11/6/20 ER 1,261.13 3,139.58 General Journal 11/03/2020 PR 11/6/20 PR - 10/17/20-10/30/20 check date 11/6/20 EE ta 1,261.13 4,400.71 General Journal 11/03/2020 PR 11/6/20 PR - 10/17/20-10/30/20 check date 11/6/20 EE SS & Med 1,261.13 3,139.58 General Journal 11/03/2020 PR 11/6/20 PR - 10/17/20-10/30/20 check date 11/6/20 EE 2,390.11 5,529.69 General Journal 11/03/2020 PR 11/6/20 PR - 10/17/20-10/30/20 check date 11/6/20 ER taxes 2,390.11 3,139.58 General Journal 11/16/2020 PR 11/20/20 PR - 10/31/20-11/13/20 check date 11/20/20 ER 762.35 3,901.93 General Journal 11/16/2020 PR 11/20/20 PR - 10/31/20-11/13/20 check date 11/20/20 EE 762.35 4,664.28 General Journal 11/16/2020 PR 11/20/20 PR - 10/31/20-11/13/20 check date 11/20/20 EE SS & Med 762.35 3,901.93 General Journal 11/16/2020 PR 11/20/20 PR - 10/31/20-11/13/20 check date 11/20/20 EE 1,423.55 5,325.48 General Journal 11/16/2020 PR 11/20/20 PR - 10/31/20-11/13/20 check date 11/20/20 ER taxes 1,423.54 3,901.94 General Journal 12/01/2020 PR 12/4/20 PR - 11/14/20-11/27/20 check date 12/4/20 ER S 762.35 4,664.29 General Journal 12/01/2020 PR 12/4/20 PR - 11/14/20-11/27/20 check date 12/4/20 EE 762.35 5,426.64 General Journal 12/01/2020 PR 12/4/20 PR - 11/14/20-11/27/20 check date 12/4/20 EE SS & Med 762.35 4,664.29 General Journal 12/01/2020 PR 12/4/20 PR - 11/14/20-11/27/20 check date 12/4/20 EE 1,423.55 6,087.84 General Journal 12/01/2020 PR 12/4/20 PR - 11/14/20-11/27/20 check date 12/4/20 ER taxes 1,423.54 4,664.30 General Journal 12/15/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 11/28/20-12/11/20 check date 12/18/20 ER 762.34 5,426.64 General Journal 12/15/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 11/28/20-12/11/20 check date 12/18/20 EE 762.34 6,188.98 General Journal 12/15/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 11/28/20-12/11/20 check date 12/18/20 EE SS & Med 762.34 5,426.64 General Journal 12/15/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 11/28/20-12/11/20 check date 12/18/20 EE 1,423.55 6,850.19 General Journal 12/15/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 11/28/20-12/11/20 check date 12/18/20 ER taxes 1,423.53 5,426.66 General Journal 12/31/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 12/12/20-12/25/20 check date 12/31/20 ER 762.35 6,189.01 General Journal 12/31/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 12/12/20-12/25/20 check date 12/31/20 EE 762.35 6,951.36 General Journal 12/31/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 12/12/20-12/25/20 check date 12/31/20 EE SS & Med 762.35 6,189.01 General Journal 12/31/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 12/12/20-12/25/20 check date 12/31/20 EE 1,423.56 7,612.57 General Journal 12/31/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 12/12/20-12/25/20 check date 12/31/20 ER taxes 1,423.55 6,189.02 Total 01-6309 ꞏ Payroll Taxes 23,707.08 17,518.06 6,189.02 01-6308 ꞏ Salaries & Benefits - Other General Journal 10/05/2020 PR 10/9/20 PR - 9/19/20-10/4/20 check date 10/9/20 Salarie 10,133.08 10,133.08 General Journal 10/19/2020 PR 10/23/20 PR - 10/3/20-10/1620 check date 10/23/20 Sala 10,133.08 20,266.16 General Journal 11/03/2020 PR 11/6/20 PR - 10/17/20-10/30/20 check date 11/6/20 Sala 10,133.08 30,399.24 General Journal 11/16/2020 PR 11/20/20 PR - 10/31/20-11/13/20 check date 11/20/20 Sa 10,133.08 40,532.32 General Journal 12/01/2020 PR 12/4/20 PR - 11/14/20-11/27/20 check date 12/4/20 Sala 10,133.08 50,665.40 General Journal 12/15/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 11/28/20-12/11/20 check date 12/18/20 Sa 10,133.08 60,798.48 General Journal 12/31/2020 PR 12/18/20 PR - 12/12/20-12/25/20 check date 12/31/20 Sa 10,133.08 70,931.56 Total 01-6308 ꞏ Salaries & Benefits - Other 70,931.56 0.00 70,931.56 Total 01-6308 ꞏ Salaries & Benefits 118,931.50 19,561.62 99,369.88 01-1400 ꞏ Facilities Expenses 01-1405 ꞏ Water, Sewer, & Electric charge Bill 10/01/2020 21-011 City of Sebastian reimbursement for water, sewer, and electricity Octo 120.00 120.00 Bill 10/15/2020 21-028 City of Sebastian reimbursement for water, sewer, and electricity Nov 120.00 240.00 Bill 11/15/2020 21-046 City of Sebastian reimbursement for water, sewer, and electricity Dec 120.00 360.00 Total 01-1405 ꞏ Water, Sewer, & Electric charge 360.00 0.00 360.00 01-1404 ꞏ Communications Bill 10/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Constant Contact 70.00 70.00 Bill 10/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Microsoft 62.50 132.50 Bill 10/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Metrofax 7.95 140.45 Bill 10/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Dropbox 1,200.00 1,340.45 Bill 10/07/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) Google 24.00 1,364.45 Bill 10/07/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) Zoom 199.90 1,564.35 Bill 10/13/2020 8535115170184819 Comcast acct# 8635115170184819 (10/17/20-11/16/20) 195.76 1,760.11 Bill 11/05/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) Google 48.00 1,808.11 Bill 11/05/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) Google 12.00 1,820.11 Bill 11/05/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) Zoom 199.90 2,020.01 Bill 11/05/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Constant Contact 70.00 2,090.01 Bill 11/05/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Microsoft 62.50 2,152.51 Bill 11/05/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Metrofax 7.95 2,160.46 Bill 11/07/2020 9007270462 Konica Minolta Business Solutions USA Inc 8/8/20-11/7/20 60.33 2,220.79 Bill 11/08/2020 9007272240 Konica Minolta Business Solutions USA Inc 11/8/20-2/7/21 36.00 2,256.79 Bill 11/13/2020 8535115170184819 Comcast acct# 8635115170184819 (11/17/20-12/16/20) 205.76 2,462.55 Bill 11/15/2020 21-047 City of Sebastian audio visual services for 11/6/2020 meeting 150.00 2,612.55 Bill 12/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Constant Contact 70.00 2,682.55 Bill 12/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Microsoft 62.50 2,745.05 Bill 12/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Metrofax 7.95 2,753.00 Bill 12/07/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) Google 24.00 2,777.00

Page 3 of 4 12:50 PM IRL Council 01/26/21 Accrual Basis Profit & Loss Detail October through December 2020

Type Date Num Name Memo Debit Credit Balance

Bill 12/07/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) Zoom 199.90 2,976.90 Bill 12/13/2020 85351151701848190019 Comcast acct# 8635115170184819 (12/17/20-1/16/21) 195.76 3,172.66 Total 01-1404 ꞏ Communications 3,172.66 0.00 3,172.66 01-1401 ꞏ Rents & Leases Bill 10/01/2020 21-011 City of Sebastian rent October 2020 214.58 214.58 Bill 10/08/2020 0123 1020 Storage Sense-Sebastian unit 0123 rent 10/18/20-11/17/20 99.00 313.58 Bill 10/15/2020 21-028 City of Sebastian rent November 2020 214.58 528.16 Bill 11/08/2020 9807 Storage Sense-Sebastian unit 0123 rent 11/18/20-12/17/20 129.00 657.16 Bill 11/15/2020 21-046 City of Sebastian rent and reimbursement for water, sewer, and elect 221.45 878.61 Bill 12/08/2020 10259 Storage Sense-Sebastian unit 0123 rent 12/18/20-1/17/21 109.00 987.61 Total 01-1401 ꞏ Rents & Leases 987.61 0.00 987.61 Total 01-1400 ꞏ Facilities Expenses 4,520.27 0.00 4,520.27 01-1300 ꞏ Administrative Costs 01-1311 ꞏ PayPal Fees Deposit 11/11/2020 PayPal PayPal fees for donation 27.29 27.29 Total 01-1311 ꞏ PayPal Fees 27.29 0.00 27.29 01-1307 ꞏ Dues, License & Subscriptions Bill 11/01/2020 210534608 American Shore & Beach Preservation AssocASBPA membership 120.00 120.00 Bill 11/05/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) DEO- Special District fee 175.00 295.00 Total 01-1307 ꞏ Dues, License & Subscriptions 295.00 0.00 295.00 01-1304 ꞏ Printing / Copies Bill 12/29/2020 3063 Independent Printing printing of 2021 IRL Calendars 9,737.00 9,737.00 Total 01-1304 ꞏ Printing / Copies 9,737.00 0.00 9,737.00 01-1303 ꞏ Insurance Bill 10/01/2020 62337 Preferred Governmental Insurance Trust Agmt # WC FL1 0054993 20-06 2,000.00 2,000.00 Bill 10/01/2020 69823 Public Risk Insurance Agency policy PK FL1 0054993 20-07 10/1/20-10/1/21 4,499.00 6,499.00 Total 01-1303 ꞏ Insurance 6,499.00 0.00 6,499.00 01-1302 ꞏ Office Supplies Bill 10/07/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) Amazon 154.04 154.04 Bill 11/05/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Amazon 77.90 231.94 Bill 11/05/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Amazon 56.68 288.62 Bill 11/05/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Amazon 286.15 574.77 Bill 12/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Amazon 119.99 694.76 Bill 12/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Amazon 235.38 930.14 Bill 12/07/2020 4988659159721480 First National Bank Omaha (Duane) Amazon 55.53 985.67 Bill 12/07/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) WalMart 59.76 1,045.43 Bill 12/07/2020 4988656249623197 First National Bank Omaha (Daniel) Walmart 10.44 1,055.87 Total 01-1302 ꞏ Office Supplies 1,055.87 0.00 1,055.87 Total 01-1300 ꞏ Administrative Costs 17,614.16 0.00 17,614.16 01-1500 ꞏ Administrative Services 01-1501 ꞏ Legal Fees Bill 10/31/2020 18451 Torcivia, Donlon, Goddeau & Ansay, PA legal services October 2020 950.00 950.00 Bill 11/30/2020 18551 Torcivia, Donlon, Goddeau & Ansay, PA legal services November 2020 1,678.00 2,628.00 Bill 12/31/2020 18651 Torcivia, Donlon, Goddeau & Ansay, PA legal services December 2020 495.00 3,123.00 Total 01-1501 ꞏ Legal Fees 3,123.00 0.00 3,123.00 01-1502 ꞏ Management Fees Bill 10/31/2020 2020-2516 Special District Services Inc Management fee October 2020 2,375.00 2,375.00 Bill 11/30/2020 2020-2712 Special District Services Inc Management fee November 2020 2,375.00 4,750.00 Bill 12/31/2020 2020-2915 Special District Services Inc Management fee December 2020 2,375.00 7,125.00 Total 01-1502 ꞏ Management Fees 7,125.00 0.00 7,125.00 Total 01-1500 ꞏ Administrative Services 10,248.00 0.00 10,248.00 Total Expense 268,229.30 19,561.62 248,667.68 Net Income 268,229.30 1,522,220.29 1,253,990.99

Page 4 of 4 Completion Amount of IRLNEP Projects Original Year status funding to project 2015‐2016 Channel Denitrification Treatment (Brevard County) 2015‐2016 Complete $32,000.00 Intertidal Oyster Reefs in IRL (Brevard Zoo) 2015‐2016 Complete $69,375.00 Wilbur By The Sea Drainage Improvement Project (Volusia) 2015‐2016 Complete $80,000.00 Sebastian Oyster Mats (Indian River County) Lic.Plate $23,598 2015‐2016 Complete $24,000.00

Shoreline Management Plan & Restoration Project (UCF, Brevard County) 2015‐2016 Complete $40,610.00 Lagoon Shoreline Restoration Project (FDEP) 2015‐2016 Complete $53,052.00 Drones to Characterize Water Quality (Indian River State College) 2015‐2016 Withdrawn $0.00 Be Floridian in the IRL; Landscape Fertilizer Awareness (MRC ‐IRL all counties) 2015‐2016 Complete $53,000.00

Habitat Through Outreach H2O/Marine Discovery Center (Volusia County) 2015‐2016 Complete $44,474.95 IRL Education Program Coordinator (all 5 counties) 2015‐2016 Complete $69,192.00 Today's Leaves and Grass Clippings (Brevard County) 2015‐2016 Complete $11,000.00 IRL NEP: IRL Science Symposiums 2015‐2016 Complete $6,200.00 Lagoon Life Education Program (St. Lucie County) 2015‐2016 Complete $29,469.00 Capacity Building ‐ Grants & Proposals 2015‐2016 Complete $60,000.00 Paradise Park Stormwater Project (IRLNEP RFP 2016‐2017) (St. Lucie) 2015‐2016 Complete $125,000.00 St. Lucie Basin Septic to Central Wastewater Collection (SLRIT 2016‐2017) (Martin) 2015‐2016 Complete $485,000.00 Florida Oceanographic Oyster/Seagrass/Shoreline Restoration Program (Martin) 2015‐2016 Complete $60,000.00 Wesley’s Island Native Planting Project (fromFY16‐17) (St. Lucie Co) 2015‐2016 Complete $15,000.00 Establish BMP’s for Spoil Island Shoreline Restoration (FOSI) (fromFY16‐ 17) 2015‐2016 Complete $25,000.00 18 $1,282,372.95 Completion Amount of IRLNEP Projects Original Year status funding to project 2016‐2017 Restore Our Shores (Brevard Zoo) 2016‐2017 Complete $49,500.00 FY2016‐17 Grant Writing Support for Local Governments (CCS) 2016‐2017 Complete $60,000.00 Manatee Creek Technology Assessment Project (Martin County) 2016‐2017 Complete $100,000.00 Indian River Lagoon Comprehensive Canal Study (ORCA) 2016‐2017 Complete $105,000.00 Bivalves at Work: Determining effects of oyster reef restoration on water quality in the S IRL (Smithsonian) 2016‐2017 Complete $29,400.00 Modeling ecosystem dynamics in the IRL (Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute) 2016‐2017 Complete $34,758.00 Educating Titusville: Developing a Living Shorelines Outreach Program Targeted to Specific (Titusville) 2016‐2017 Complete $12,000.00 Livin’ for the Lagoon Homeowner’s Assn Education Program Expansion (ELC) 2016‐2017 Complete $30,635.00 Creating a new, more diverse generation of advocates for the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) through education programs that raise public awareness of the lagoon’s decline (Pelican Island Audubon Society ‐ ) 2016‐2017 Complete $62,500.00 Project H2O Phase Two: Integrating Technology and the Project H2O Academy (Marine Discovery Center) 2016‐2017 Complete $47,432.05 Comprehensive Conservation & Management Plan Revision (Tetra Tech, Inc.) 2016‐2017 Complete $45,000.00 IRL Health/Report Card 2016‐2017 Complete $69,311.00 Marketing ‐ IndyPrint Calendar Printing 2016‐2017 Complete $9,737.00 Indian River ‐ FDEP Shoreline Restoration ($50,000) 2016‐2017 Complete $50,000.00 Volusia ‐ Oyster Restoration ‐ Shuck/n/Share (MDC) ($50,000) 2016‐2017 Complete $50,000.00 Paul’s Island Living Shoreline Restoration Project (FDEP) 2016‐2017 Complete $7,042.00 Boston Road Stormwater Improvements (Edgewater) 2016‐2017 Complete $68,862.00 Shoreline Habitat Restoration and Mgmt Plan Ph‐I (Brevard Co) 2016‐2017 Complete $99,877.00 Vero Isles Permeable Pavement Inlet Retrofit & CIPP (Vero Beach) 2016‐2017 Complete $122,000.00 Sebastian Septic to Sewer Grant Incentive Program (Sebastian) 2016‐2017 Complete $100,000.00 Savannas Regional Restoration Project – Phase I (Martin Co) 2016‐2017 Complete $100,000.00 San Lucie Drainage Improvements Phase 2 (St. Lucie Co) SLRIT 2016‐2017 Complete $200,000.00 Indian Hills Habitat Restoration (St. Lucie Co) SLRIT 2016‐2017 Complete $25,000.00 Sponsored Programs (ANEP $4,500; FOA $500; IRL Envirothon $1,200; IRL Symposium $2,500) 2016‐2017 Complete $8,700.00 University of Florida ‐ IRL Survey (Canaveral $50K) 2016‐2017 Complete $49,300.00 Williamee Memorial Project (Brevard Zoo) 2016‐2017 withdrawn $0.00 Veterans Memorial Stormwater Retrofit 2016‐2017 Withdrawn $0.00 Small Grants 2016‐2017 Withdrawn $0.00 IDEAS Branding & Website 2016‐2017 Complete $49,390.00 26 $1,585,444.05 Completion Amount of IRLNEP Projects Original Year status funding to project 2017‐2018 RWParkinson Consulting, Inc.: Resilient Coastal Communities Planning Project 2017‐2018 Complete $24,700.00 Ocean Research and Conservation Association ORCA: The Living Lagoon 2017‐2018 Complete $37,434.00 Marine Resources Council: Building Capacity for Citizen Engagement with the Indian River LagoonWatch Network 2017‐2018 Complete $28,788.00 University of Florida: Source and Concentration of Surface Water Nutrients from Residential Waterfront Homes in Brevard County, Florida 2017‐2018 Complete $27,401.00 University of Central Florida: Developing a Shoreline Restoration Suitability Model, Phase 1: Evaluation of shoreline characteristics in the northern Indian River and Mosquito Lagoon 2017‐2018 Complete $41,454.00 Florida Institute of Technology: The Efficacy of Sediment Aeration as a Complement to Muck Dredging in the Indian River Lagoon 2017‐2018 Complete $120,000.00 Applied Ecology Inc.: Development of the State of the Indian River Lagoon Web Application (SIRLAP) and Ecological Health Gap Analyses 2017‐2018 Complete $42,590.00 Hubbs‐Seaworld Research Institute: Linking Wildlife Health to Ecological Factors in the Heavily Impacted Indian River Lagoon 2017‐2018 Complete $66,000.00 Tetra Tech, Inc.: CCMP Technical Support & Data Management 2017‐2018 Complete $100,000.00 IRLNEP Comprehensive Conservation & Management Plan External Communication with Stakeholders 2017‐2018 Active $40,000.00 IDEAS: IRLNEP Brand Activation & Implementation 2017‐2018 Complete $86,633.00 Coastal Adaptation Planning 2017‐2018 Complete $52,000.00 Brevard: Brevard Zoo: Restore Our Shores: Engaging Brevard Public Schools to Restore Our Shoreline 2017‐2018 Complete $81,280.00 Angie Brewer & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2017‐2018 Withdrawn $0.00 Natua Strategies: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2017‐2018 Withdrawn $0.00 T. Pinney & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2017‐2018 Withdrawn $0.00 UCF: Living Shoreline & Oyster Reef Restoration Mosquito Lagoon 2017‐2018 Complete $82,770.00 SJRWMD: Atomospheric Deposition Monitoring 2017‐2018 Complete $50,000.00 Indian River Lagoon Aquatic Preserves: Indian River Lagoon Shoreline Restoration Project 2017‐2018 Complete $52,425.00 Florida Oceanographic Society: Enhancing seagrass restoration success in the Indian River Lagoon by incorporating genetic diversity from an established nursery source 2017‐2018 Complete $43,048.00 City of Satellite Beach: Desoto Parkway Drainage Basin Stormwater Enhancement Project 2017‐2018 Complete $33,000.00 Town of Ocean Breeze: Ocean Breeze Treatment Train Retrofit 2017‐2018 Complete $180,000.00

Bethune Cookman University: Reed Canal Basin Stormwater Improvement through Treatment Wetland Construction in South Daytona, FL 2017‐2018 Complete $181,148.00

Town of Sewall's Point: Mandalay Marguerita Stormwater Improvements 2017‐2018 Active $180,000.00 IDEAS: IRLNEP Brand Activation & Implementation 2017‐2018 Complete $13,367.00 Small Grants Program 2017‐2018 Complete $50,000.00 Technical Support of Conferences & Workshops 2017‐2018 Complete $23,000.00 23 $1,637,038.00 Completion Amount of IRLNEP Projects Original Year status funding to project 2018‐2019 FAU‐Harbor Branch: Harmful Algal Blooms in the IRL (Lagoonwide) 2018‐2019 Complete $40,480.00 Angie Brewer & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2018‐2019 Complete $16,666.00 Natua Strategies: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2018‐2019 Complete $16,667.00 T. Pinney & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2018‐2019 Active $16,667.00 University of Florida: Harmful Algal Blooms in the IRL (Lagoonwide) 2018‐2019 Complete $40,413.00 Florida Tech: Efficacy of sediment Aeration Phase II (Brevard) 2018‐2019 Complete $110,000.00 UCF: Microplastics, Oysters and the IRL (Lagoonwide) 2018‐2019 Active $99,797.00 St. Lucie County: St. Lucie Water Champions Initiative (St. Lucie) 2018‐2019 Complete $28,026.00 Florida Oceanographic: FLOORED ‐ Oyster Restoration, Education and Discovery 2018‐2019 Complete $19,751.00 Pelican Island Audubon ‐ Audubon Advocates (Indian River) 2018‐2019 Complete $25,000.00 Brevard Zoo: Restore Our Shores 2018‐2019 Complete $86,120.00 CCMP Technical Support and Data Management ‐ (contract renewal TetraTech) 2018‐2019 Complete $50,000.00 IRLNEP "One Community ‐ One Voice Initiative" (contract renewal IDEAS) 2018‐2019 Complete $50,000.00 Brevard: FDEP Aquatic Preserves IRL Shoreline Restoration 2018‐2019 Complete $52,452.00 Indian River County Wetland Restoration at Jones Pier 2018‐2019 Active $61,000.00 UCF Tomoka State Park Living Shoreline Restoration 2018‐2019 Complete $37,847.00 Willoughby Creek Stormwater Improvement Project (Martin) 2018‐2019 Complete $260,000.00 FAU/Harbor Branch: Pilot‐Scale Demonstration of Seagrass Restoration (St. Lucie) 2018‐2019 Active $80,283.00 Port St. Lucie: McCarty Ranch Dispersed Water Management Area 2 (St. Lucie) 2018‐2019 Complete $300,000.00 UCF: Developing a Shoreline Suitability model for the north IRL (Volusia/Brevard) 2018‐2019 Complete $117,546.00 Indian River: West Wabasso Septic to Sewer Phase II 2018‐2019 Complete $200,000.00 Marine Discovery Center: shuck and Share Oyster Recyling Program (Volusia) 2018‐2019 Complete $50,000.00 City of Fellsmere: Micro‐basin Treatment Phase I (Indian River) 2018‐2019 Withdrawn $0.00 IRLNEP Small Grants program (Lagoon Wide) 2018‐2019 Withdrawn $0.00 IRLNEP Support for Science and Technology Conferences, Workshops and Events 2018‐2019 Complete $15,000.00 23 $1,773,715.00 Completion Amount of IRLNEP Projects Original Year status funding to project 2019‐2020 Sea and Shoreline: Restoration, Maintenance and Conservation of Seagrass in the IRL 2019‐2020 Active $95,872.00 Smithsonian Marine Station: IRL Biodiversity and the IRL Species Inventory Update 2019‐2020 Complete $25,000.00 Brevard County: Micco Sewer Line Extension 2019‐2020 Active $246,400.00 Coastal Resources Group: Pelican Island Phase V Restoration 2019‐2020 Active $35,000.00 Volusia County: Indian Harbor Estates Sewer Retrofit D&E 2019‐2020 Active $100,000.00 UF: Restoration of Clam Populations in the IRL for WQ improvement 2019‐2020 Complete $103,322.00 FIT: The Efficacy of adding highly concentrated DO to enhance muck removal 2019‐2020 Active $82,950.00

Volusia County: Gabordy Canal 10th Streeet Stormwater Treatment D&E 2019‐2020 Complete $100,000.00 City of Sebastian: Sebastian CRA Septic to Sewer 2019‐2020 Active $100,000.00 UCF: Living Shoreline stabilization and oyster reef restoration in ML 2019‐2020 Complete $88,585.00

MRC: Water Quality Monitoring Network: informing habitat restoration 2019‐2020 Complete $10,942.00 Brevard Zoo: Restore Our Shore 19‐20 2019‐2020 Complete $61,740.00 City of Satellite Beach: Samsons Island Submerged Lands Restoration 2019‐2020 Active $65,549.00 Indian River County: Lost Tree Islands Conservation Area Ecological Enhancement D&E 2019‐2020 Active $65,000.00 ORCA: Buffered Shoreline Demonstration Project 2019‐2020 Active $40,000.00 FDEP: IRL Shoreline Restoration 2019‐2020 Active $47,452.00 Riverside Conservancy: Riverside Restoration 2019‐2020 Active $15,000.00 MRC: One Lagoon Boaters Guide 2019‐2020 Active $49,997.00 Applied Ecology: State of the Lagoon Technical Report 2019‐2020 Complete $49,999.00 Tetra Tech, Inc: One Lagoon Habitat Restoration plan 2019‐2020 Active $49,979.44 FAU‐HBOI: One Lagoon Monitoring Plan 2019‐2020 Active $50,000.00 Applied Ecology: One Lagoon Asset Mapping 2019‐2020 Complete $24,965.00 IRLNEP: Harmful Algal Bloom Science Coordination 2019‐2020 Active $25,000.00 IRLNEP: Special Projects Coordinator 2019‐2020 Complete $60,000.00 IRLNEP: Small Grants 19‐20 2019‐2020 Active $25,000.00 Angie Brewer & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2019‐2020 Active $16,667.00 Natua Strategies: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2019‐2020 Active $16,666.00 T. Pinney & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2019‐2020 Active $16,667.00 IRLNEP: Technical Support for Science Symposia, workshops, and conferences 2019‐2020 Complete $25,000.00 Wood: Atmospheric Deposition of Nutrients Monitoring 2019‐2020 Complete $25,000.00 UF: HAB Monitoring North sites 2019‐2020 Complete $50,000.00 FAU‐HBOI: HAB Monitoring South Sites 2019‐2020 Complete $50,000.00 RFQ: SIRLAP 2019‐2020 Withdrawn $0.00 IDEAS: One Community One Voice Initiative 2019‐2020 Active $117,726.00 IRLNEP: Economic study update 2019‐2020 Withdrawn $0.00 33 $1,935,478.44 Completion Amount of IRLNEP Projects Original Year status funding to project

2020‐2021 Martin County: Connect to Protect Septic to Sewer Nutrient Removal 2020‐2021 Active $150,000.00 Kashi: Kashi Church Foundation Septic to Sewer 2020‐2021 Active $89,956.00 Sea & Shoreline: The Tucker Cove Seagrass Restoration 2020‐2021 Active $85,000.00 IRC: North Sebastian Phase 2 Septic to Sewer 2020‐2021 Active $204,017.69 UF: Restoration of Clam Population in the IRL for WQ improvement 2020‐2021 Active $122,020.00 IRLT: Validation of Inexpensive and Effective Modifications of Mosquito Impoundment Management Strategies to Increase Their Value as Vital Fish Nurseries 2020‐2021 Active $73,950.00 UCF: Examining Microbial Dynamics and Sources of Microplastics in the IRL 2020‐2021 Active $56,941.00 Sewalls Point: Stormwater Treatment and Storage 2020‐2021 Active $150,000.00 Wood: Atmospheric Deposition Monitoring 2020‐2021 Active $27,000.00 UCF: Improving ML Oyster Reef and Living Shoreline Restoration by using only Biodegradeable Materials. 2020‐2021 Active $99,233.00 FOS: Developing Plastic Free Alternatives for Community‐Based Oyster Restoration in the IRL 2020‐2021 Active $22,364.00 BC: Testing Steel Gabions and Concrete CORE Modules for use in Oyster Bars in the IRL 2020‐2021 Active $1,750.00 Tetra Tech: One Lagoon Habitat Restoration Plan addendum 2020‐2021 Active $25,000.00 UF: HAB Monitoring North 2020‐2021 Active $50,000.00 FAU: HAB Monitoring South 2020‐2021 Active $50,000.00 FAU: Monitoring Prevalance of Microcystin Toxins Using SPATT 2020‐2021 Active $94,580.00 Smithsonian: Biodiversity Inventory Update 2020‐2021 Active $25,000.00 Angie Brewer & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2020‐2021 Active $13,333.00 Natua Strategies: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2020‐2021 Active $13,334.00 T. Pinney & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL 2020‐2021 Active $13,333.00 FAU: One Lagoon Monitoring Plan 2020‐2021 Withdrawn $25,000.00 Applied Ecology: Asset Mapping 2020‐2021 Active $29,980.00 Applied Ecology: SOTLTR 2020‐2021 Active $75,295.00 IRLNEP: Special Projects Coordinator 2020‐2021 Withdrawn $61,200.00 IRLNEP/IDEAS: One Voice Directive 2020‐2021 Active $205,225.00 Small grants 2020‐2021 Pending $25,000.00 IRLNEP: Technical Support of Conferences and Workshops 2020‐2021 Active $30,000.00 RFQ: One Lagoon Data Management 2020‐2021 Withdrawn $25,000.00 21$ 1,843,511.69 Active Projects only

Amount Invoiced thru Start Amount of end of last Project Name Contractor date project quarter Amount Remaining IRLNEP Comprehensive Conservation & Management Plan External Communication IRLNEP with Stakeholders 2017 $40,000.00 $15,648.45 $24,351.55 Town of Sewall's Point: Mandalay Town of Sewall's Marguerita Stormwater Improvements Point 2017 $330,000.00 $0.00 $330,000.00 T. Pinney & Assoc: Grant Writing Support T. Pinney & for IRL Associates 2018 $16,667.00 $8,025.00 $8,642.00 UCF: Microplastics, Oysters and the IRL (Lagoonwide) UCF 2018 $99,797.00 $98,709.93 $1,087.07 Indian River County Wetland Restoration at Indian River Jones Pier County 2018 $61,000.00 $0.00 $61,000.00 FAU/Harbor Branch: Pilot‐Scale Demonstration of Seagrass Restoration (St. Lucie) FAU/HBOI 2018 $80,283.00 $77,588.86 $2,694.14 Sea and Shoreline: Restoration, Maintenance and Conservation of Seagrass in the IRL Sea and Shoreline 2019 $95,872.00 $0.00 $95,872.00 Brevard County: Micco Sewer Line Extension Brevard County 2019 $111,600.00 $0.00 $111,600.00 Coastal Resources Group: Pelican Island Coasta Resources Phase V Restoration Group 2019 $35,000.00 $1,500.00 $33,500.00 Volusia County: Indian Harbor Estates Sewer Retrofit D&E Volusia County 2019 $100,000.00 $0.00 $100,000.00

FIT: The Efficacy of adding highly concentrated DO to enhance muck removal Florida Tech 2019 $82,950.00 $31,837.51 $51,112.49 City of Sebastian: Sebastian CRA Septic to Sewer City of Sebastian 2019 $100,000.00 $22,739.75 $77,260.25 City of Satellite Beach: Samsons Island City of Satellite Submerged Lands Restoration Beach 2019 $65,549.00 $1,050.00 $64,499.00 Indian River County: Lost Tree Islands Conservation Area Ecological Enhancement Indian River D&E County 2019 $65,000.00 $0.00 $65,000.00 ORCA: Buffered Shoreline Demonstration Project ORCA 2019 $40,000.00 $16,305.66 $23,694.34 FDEP: IRL Shoreline Restoration FDEP 2019 $47,452.00 $7,791.36 $39,660.64 Riverside Conservancy: Riverside Riverside Restoration Conservancy 2019 $15,000.00 $0.00 $15,000.00 Marine Resources MRC: One Lagoon Boaters Guide Council 2019 $49,997.00 $18,455.86 $31,541.14 Tetra Tech, Inc: One Lagoon Habitat Restoration plan Tetra Tech 2019 $49,979.44 $42,150.70 $7,828.74 FAU‐HBOI: One Lagoon Monitoring Plan FAU‐HBOI 2019 $50,000.00 $20,969.70 $29,030.30 IRLNEP: Harmful Algal Bloom Science Coordination IRLNEP 2019 $25,000.00 $20,560.00 $4,440.00 IRLNEP: Small Grants 19‐20 IRLNEP 2019 $25,000.00 $0.00 $25,000.00 Angie Brewer & Assoc: Grant Writing Angie Brewer & Support for IRL Assoc 2019 $16,667.00 $0.00 $16,667.00 Active Projects only

Amount Invoiced thru Start Amount of end of last Project Name Contractor date project quarter Amount Remaining Natua Strategies: Grant Writing Support for IRL Natua Strategies 2019 $16,666.00 $0.00 $16,666.00 T. Pinney & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL T. Pinney & Assoc 2019 $16,667.00 $0.00 $16,667.00

IDEAS: One Community One Voice Initiative IDEAS 2019 $117,726.00 $42,726.00 $75,000.00 Martin County: Connect to Protect Septic to Sewer Nutrient Removal Martin County 2020 $150,000.00 $0.00 $150,000.00 Kashi: Kashi Church Foundation Septic to Kashi Church Sewer Foundation 2020 $89,956.00 $0.00 $89,956.00 Sea & Shoreline: The Tucker Cove Seagrass Restoration Sea and Shoreline 2020 $85,000.00 $0.00 $85,000.00 IRC: North Sebastian Phase 2 Septic to Sewer Indian River County 2020 $204,017.69 $0.00 $204,017.69 UF: Restoration of Clam Population in the IRL for WQ improvement UF 2020 $122,020.00 $0.00 $122,020.00

IRLT: Validation of Inexpensive and Effective Modifications of Mosquito Impoundment Management Strategies to Indian River Land Increase Their Value as Vital Fish Nurseries Trust 2020 $73,950.00 $0.00 $73,950.00 UCF: Examining Microbial Dynamics and Sources of Microplastics in the IRL UCF 2020 $56,941.00 $0.00 $56,941.00

Wood: Atmospheric Deposition Monitoring Wood 2020 $27,000.00 $0.00 $27,000.00 UCF: Improving ML Oyster Reef and Living Shoreline Restoration by using only Biodegradeable Materials. UCF 2020 $99,233.00 $0.00 $99,233.00 FOS: Developing Plastic Free Alternatives for Community‐Based Oyster Restoration in the IRL FOS 2020 $22,364.00 $0.00 $22,364.00 BC: Testing Steel Gabions and Concrete CORE Modules for use in Oyster Bars in the IRL Brevard County 2020 $1,750.00 $0.00 $1,750.00 Tetra Tech: One Lagoon Habitat Restoration Plan Addendum Tetra Tech 2020 $25,000.00 $0.00 $25,000.00 UF: HAB Monitoring North UF 2020 $50,000.00 $9,868.01 $40,131.99 FAU: HAB Monitoring South FAU/HBOI 2020 $50,000.00 $0.00 $50,000.00 FAU: Monitoring Prevalance of Microcystin Toxins Using SPATT FAU/HBOI 2020 $94,580.00 $0.00 $94,580.00

Smithsonian: Biodiversity Inventory Update Smithsonian 2020 $25,000.00 $0.00 $25,000.00 Angie Brewer & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL Angie Brewer & Asso 2020 $13,333.00 $0.00 $13,333.00 Natua Strategies: Grant Writing Support for IRL Natua Strategies 2020 $13,334.00 $0.00 $13,334.00 T. Pinney & Assoc: Grant Writing Support for IRL T. Pinney & Assoc 2020 $13,333.00 $0.00 $13,333.00 Applied Ecology: Asset Mapping Applied Ecology 2020 $29,980.00 $0.00 $29,980.00 Active Projects only

Amount Invoiced thru Start Amount of end of last Project Name Contractor date project quarter Amount Remaining Applied Ecology: SOTLTR Applied Ecology 2020 $75,295.00 $0.00 $75,295.00 IRLNEP/IDEAS: One Voice Directive IRLNE/IDEAS 2020 $205,225.00 $0.00 $205,225.00 IRLNEP: Technical Support of Conferences and Workshops IRLNEP 2020 $25,000.00 $0.00 $25,000.00