DOCSLIB.ORG

ISHAM Symposium: S33: Ocular Aspects of Fungal Infections Friday, 8 May 2015, 14.15–15.45; MR101/102 Level 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ISHAM Symposium: S33: Ocular Aspects of Fungal Infections Friday, 8 May 2015, 14.15–15.45; MR101/102 Level 1 ISHAM Symposium: S33: Ocular aspects of Fungal Infections Friday, 8 May 2015, 14.15–15.45; MR101/102 Level 1 Chairs: Ariya Chindamporn, TH and Phillip A Thomas, IN AGENDA Clinical overview of ocular fungal 14:15 -14:35 Peter McCluskey, AUS infections #935 14:35 - 14:50 Neglected fungal infections of eye #722 Ariya Chindamporn, TH Fungal virulence factors in ocular 14:50 - 15:10 Philip A Thomas, IN infections #936 The challenges in Mycotic keratitis in 15:10 - 15:25 Andrew Turner, AUS horses and dogs #938 15:25 - 15:45 Host factors in mycotic keratitis Lalitha Prajna, IN 19th Melbourne Ocular aspects of Fungal Infections Neglected fungal infections of eye Ariya Chindamporn Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University May 8, 2015 Outline • Laboratory investigation • Risk factors • Epidemiology • Cases Flow chart : laboratory investigation Cornea scrapings, biopsy Direct from specimens Fungal Isolation KOH preparation: 75-90% Macroscopic Exam. Calcofluor: 80-90% Microscopic Exam. GMS: 89-98% Zoospore production PCR & Sequencing PCR & Sequencing %sensitivity (Thomas PA., 2003 Eye:17 (852-62) Corneal scraping, staining, inoculation Specimen collection for PCR Cornea, Vitreous, Aqueous For PCR FFPE Risk factors HISTORY is important. o Trauma : Dust, Leaf, Stone, Water, Contact len o Swimming o Occupation : working outdoor/indoor o Host factors: diabetes mellitus o Fungal virulence factors o > 5 - 10 days Frequence isolates of Fungal MOLD • Hyaline hyphae : • Fusarium spp.: F. solani, F. oxysporum • Aspergillus spp. : A. fumigatus, A. flavus • Scedosporium spp. : S. apiospermum • Penicillium spp. : P. spinulosum, P. citrinum • Acremoniium spp. ( A. potronii, A. kiliense) • Dematiaceous fungi • Curvularia spp. (C. lunata, C. geniculate, C. senegalensis ) • Bipolaris spp. ( B. spicifera, B. hawaiiensis) • Exserohilum spp. (E. rostratum, E. longirostrata) • Coelomycetes (Lasiodiplodia, Colletotrichum) • Alternaria Yeast • Candida spp. (C. albicans) • Rhodotorula Others • Pythium insidiosum • Lagenidium albertoi Modified from Thomas PA., 2003 Eye :17:852-62 Epidemiology • 1352 proven cases, a tertiary care hosp. South India -10 yr. (1991-2000) (Gopinathan et al., 2002 Cornea:21:555-9) • > 99% caused by mold; Male > Female: 2.5:1; Age: 16-49 • Risk: systemic factors : DM • 654 eyes in Shandong Eye Institute, North China, Jan1999 - Dec 2004 (Zhong XL., et al 2006 Opthalmol 113(11):1943-8) • 62% of total cases : fungal keratitis • Fusarium spp. : F. solani 73%, 437 eyes) • Aspergillus spp. : A. flavus 12%, 72 eyes • Prevalence : the season, more : Oct to Dec than Jul to Sep. • KOH preparation 88% positive, Culture 91% • Histopath. staining: most effective, resulting 98% but need to reveal genus and species. • 997 cases in eastern India, Jul 2006 and Dec 2009 • 26.4% as fungal keratitis. The geographical place and climate affected the prevalence (2012) : • 36.7% in Southern, 36.3%, 25.6%, 7.3% in Western, North-eastern, and Northern India, in order. Katara SR., et al., 2013 51(6); Acta Medica Iranica Mimiking fungal infection Conventional approach KOH-preparation: rare septate hyphae Pythium insidiosum Histopathology: GMS Kingdom Straminipila/ Stramenopila Pythiosis in Thailand : 1985-2003 Natural resource Clinical case HIGHEST INCIDENCE in Human Supanpandu et al., Med Mycol 2008 C : Central NE: Northeastern S : Southern N : Northern E : Eastern 12 Krajejun et al., CID 2006 Specimens KOH Culture PCR 1st d 2nd d 2wk 1st d 2nd d 2 wk 1st d 2nd d 2 wk Cornea Scraping/ + + + - - + - + biopsy Aqueous - - - - - - Vitreous - - - Lens + - - Vitreous and Iris + - Lens IFN ITS Cornea Rt.Lens KOH: Positive Rt.Cornea KOH: Positive Culture: Positive PCR: Positive IMPORTED CASE Lagenidium sp. Ocular Infection Mimicking Ocular Pythiosis U Riengprayoon et al., JCM 2013:51(8):2778 43 yr. housewife admitted in a tertiary care hospital: • lid swelling, pain, redness, & itching for 3 weeks, visit physician, ……….. • visual acuity: finger counting at 1 foot • slit lamp ex.: ciliary injection & a yellowish, midstromal, reticular pattern corneal infiltration measuring 5x5.6 mm. with feathery edge • corneal epitherial defect 4x3 mm in dia. over the infiltrated area • posterior eye segment by ultrasound: no sign of endophthalmitis • unsuccessfully treated with systemic and topical drugs Lagenidium sp.: Mimicking Ocular Infection Fungal elements in corneal stroma • Broad, rare septate hyphae Broad hyphae by confocal microscopy • by KOH preparation by GMS U Riengprayoon et al., JCM 2013:51(8):2778 Treatment • - First : systemic & topical antibiotics: worse • - Presumed to be fungal infection: • - topical : cefazolin, amikacin, natamycin, voriconazole, …… Referred to tertiary hospital - Result from ocular confocal micro. & frequency of pythiosis - oral terbinafine, itraconazole & topical natamycin with Pythium Insidiosum Antigen (PIA) vaccine - worse - Twice of Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) - 10 mo. later : no recurrent of infection Susceptibility result *The value of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Agents Lagenidium Clinical Enviromental spp. P. insidiosum P. insidiosum Amphotericin B 16 4-16 2-16 Terbinafine 2 2-4 2-4 Voriconazole 1 2-16 0.5-2 Itraconazole 1 1-8 0.5-2 Fluconazole 2 2-8 0.5-2 Anidulafungin 1 2-8 0.5-1 Caspofungin 1 2-8 0.5-1 TB/VO Indifference Indifference Indifference TV/IT Indifference Indifference Indifference Lagenidium albertoi Parsimony Analysis ITS 1000 Bootstrap Parsimony analysis, ITS 1000 Bootstrap Vol. 21, No. 2, February 2015 Sharma et al., 2014 Calcofluor white staining 35C, 3 d. PDA LCB wet mount Sporangia with zoospore Take home message Rapid and accurate diagnosis, leading the right treatment is required: • Communication with physicians • Direct exam. & Culture still gold standard • Molecular identification • Very rapid growth, no sporulation • No response to antifungal agents: Think about parafungal infection .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Successful Management of 3 Dogs with Colonic Pythiosis Using Itraconzaole, Terbinafine, and Prednisone
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Successful management of 3 dogs with colonic pythiosis using itraconzaole, terbinafine, and prednisone. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2119g65v Journal Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 33(3) ISSN 0891-6640 Authors Reagan, Krystle L Marks, Stanley L Pesavento, Patricia A et al. Publication Date 2019-05-01 DOI 10.1111/jvim.15506 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Received: 19 January 2019 Accepted: 8 April 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15506 CASE REPORT Successful management of 3 dogs with colonic pythiosis using itraconzaole, terbinafine, and prednisone Krystle L. Reagan1 | Stanley L. Marks2 | Patricia A. Pesavento3 | Ann Della Maggiore1 | Bing Y. Zhu1 | Amy M. Grooters4 1Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California Davis, Davis, California Abstract 2Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Gastrointestinal (GI) pythiosis is a severe and often fatal disease in dogs that School of Veterinary Medicine, University of traditionally has been poorly responsive to medical treatment. Although aggressive sur- California, Davis, California 3Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and gical resection with wide margins is the most consistently effective treatment, lesion Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, location and extent often preclude complete resection. Recently, it has been suggested University of California, Davis, California that the addition of anti-inflammatory doses of corticosteroids may improve outcome 4Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State in dogs with nonresectable GI pythiosis. This report describes 3 dogs with colonic University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana pythiosis in which complete resolution of clinical signs, regression of colonic masses, Correspondence and progressive decreases in serological titers were observed after treatment with Krystle L.
    [Show full text]
  • Sublingual Pythiosis in a Cat Jessica Sonia Fortin1, Michael John Calcutt2 and Dae Young Kim1*
    Fortin et al. Acta Vet Scand (2017) 59:63 DOI 10.1186/s13028-017-0330-z Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica CASE REPORT Open Access Sublingual pythiosis in a cat Jessica Sonia Fortin1, Michael John Calcutt2 and Dae Young Kim1* Abstract Background: Pythiosis is a potentially fatal but non-contagious disease afecting humans and animals living in tropi- cal and subtropical climates, but is also reasonably widespread in temperate climates, throughout the world. The most commonly reported afected animal species with pythiosis are equine and canine, with fewer cases in bovine and feline. Extracutaneous infections caused by Pythium insidiosum have been rarely described in the cat. Case presentation: Sublingual pythiosis was diagnosed in a 2-year-old, male, Domestic Shorthair cat. The cat had a multilobulated, sublingual mass present for 3 months. Histopathological examination revealed severe multifocal coalescing eosinophilic granulomatous infammation. Centers of the infammation contained hyphae that were 3–7 μm-wide, non-parallel, uncommonly septate and rarely branching. The fungal-like organism was identifed as P. insid- iosum by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent amplicon sequencing. Conclusions: Only a few feline pythiosis cases have been reported and, when encountered, it usually causes granu- lomatous diseases of the skin or gastrointestinal tract. This case presents an unusual manifestation of feline pythiosis, representing the frst involving the oral cavity in cats or dogs. Keywords: Eosinophilic granulomatous infammation, Feline, Hyphae, Pythium insidiosum, Sublingual mass Background trauma in Afghanistan [5]. Animals afected by the dis- Pythiosis is a potentially fatal but non-contagious disease ease are often younger and exposed to warm, freshwa- afecting humans and animals living in tropical and sub- ter habitats [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Swamp Cancer-The Imaging of Pythiosis
    IVRA Pythiosis Mylene Auger, DVM, DACVR Animages, Longueuil, QC, Canada Pythiosis (Pythium insidiosumIVRA) ▪ Aquatic pathogen in class Oomycetes ▪ Fungal -like microbes but differ from true fungi – Produce motile, flagellate zoospores – Have cell walls that contain cellulose and β -glucan but not chitin – Resemble algae more than fungi ▪ Infective stage thought to be aquatic zoospores – Released into warm water environments – Possess strong tropism for plant tissue and mammalian open skin – Encysts in damaged skin or GI mucosa – No evidence of transmission between hosts Pythiosis (Pythium insidiosumIVRA) ▪ Mostly reported in Gulf Coast states – Increasingly recognized in many other states ▪ Most common in young, large-breed, male dogs – History of exposure to warm, freshwater habitats – Typically immunocompetent and otherwise healthy animals ▪ Has also been reported in numerous other species – Including cats, horses, sheep, humans, a California bird, and zoo-captive animals including camels, big cats, and bears Pythiosis (Pythium insidiosumIVRA) ▪ Clinical Findings – Cutaneous or GI lesions ▪ Rarely both in same patient ▪ Systemic dissemination is rare ▪ In dogs, GI more frequent – Cutaneous pythiosis ▪ Nonhealing wounds or invasive masses ▪ Lymphadenomegaly often extension of infection (rather than reactive lymphadenopathy) Pythiosis (Pythium insidiosumIVRA) ▪ Clinical Findings – GI pythiosis ▪ Severe segmental transmural thickening of stomach, small intestine, colon or rectum – Inflammation often centered on submucosa ▪ Mucosal ulceration
    [Show full text]
  • 2005 EHSP Research Report
    Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine Equine Health Studies Program 2005 Research Report Dedicated to the Health, Well-Being and Performance of Horses through Veterinary Research, Education and Service Director’s Message Welcome to the 2005 Equine Health Studies (EHSP) Research Report. The purpose of this publication is to document scientific investigations involving equine diseases and injuries. All studies represented in this report were conducted by scientists at the Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine (LSU-SVM) between 2001 and 2003. This report demonstrates the extensive and diverse equine biomedical research conducted at the LSU-SVM. The works contained herein are the collective efforts of our multidisciplinary faculty, advanced studies students, veterinary students, undergraduate students, and technical staff comprising the EHSP. The quality and quantity of these studies is particularly impressive considering the limited intramural funds available during this time. Our ability to acquire extramural support for our program during this period is particularly noteworthy given the highly competitive nature of these funds and the relatively small Dr. Rustin M. Moore, Director number and amount of grants available for equine research. These works Equine Health Studies Program demonstrate the Program’s commitment to promoting the health, well-being and School of Veterinary Medicine performance of horses. Louisiana State University The state-of-the-art facilities and equipment highlighted in this issue represent major advances made in our program since 2003. This progress was facilitated in part by the combination of the receipt of a Governor’s Biotechnology Initiative Grant awarded by the Louisiana Board of Regents, a Board of Regents Enhancement Grant, and recurrent funding through the State Legislature resulting from Louisiana racetrack slot machine revenue.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Biosecurity in the Mekong: Future Directions for Research and Development
    Animal biosecurity in the Mekong: future directions for research and development ACIAR PROCEEDINGS 137 Animal biosecurity in the Mekong: future directions for research and development Proceedings of an international workshop held in Siem Reap, Cambodia, 10–13 August 2010 Editors: L.B. Adams, G.D. Gray and G. Murray 2012 The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. ACIAR operates as part of Australia’s international development cooperation program, with a mission to achieve more productive and sustainable agricultural systems, for the benefit of developing countries and Australia. It commissions collaborative research between Australian and developing-country researchers in areas where Australia has special research competence. It also administers Australia’s contribution to the International Agricultural Research Centres. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR PROCEEDINGS SERIES This series of publications includes the full proceedings of research workshops or symposia organised or supported by ACIAR. Numbers in this series are distributed internationally to selected individuals and scientific institutions, and are also available from ACIAR’s website at <aciar.gov.au>. The papers in ACIAR Proceedings are peer reviewed. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) 2012 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from ACIAR, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, [email protected] Adams L.B., Gray G.D and Murray G. (eds) 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Proceedings Book
    2017 30TH PROCEEDINGS OF NAVDF April 26-29, 2017 ORLANDO, FLORIDA 2 (orfenicol, terbinane, mometasone furoate) Otic Solution Antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inammatory For Otic Use in Dogs Only The following information is a summary of the complete product information and is not comprehensive. Please refer to the approved product label for complete product information prior to use. CAUTION: Federal (U.S.A.) law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: CLARO® contains 16.6 mg/mL orfenicol, 14.8 mg/mL terbinane (equivalent to 16.6 mg/mL terbinane hydrochloride) and 2.2 mg/mL mometasone furoate. Inactive ingredients include puried water, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol. INDICATIONS: CLARO® is indicated for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs associated with susceptible strains of yeast (Malassezia pachydermatis) and bacteria (Staphylococcus pseudintermedius). DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: CLARO® should be administered by veterinary personnel. Administration is one dose (1 dropperette) per aected ear. The duration of eect should last 30 days. Clean and dry the external ear canal before administering the product. Verify the tympanic membrane is intact prior to administration. Cleaning the ear after dosing may aect product eectiveness. Refer to product label for complete directions for use. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Do not use in dogs with known tympanic membrane perforation (see PRECAUTIONS). CLARO® is contraindicated in dogs with known or suspected hypersensitivity to orfenicol, terbinane hydrochloride, or mometasone furoate, the inactive ingredients listed above, or similar drugs, or any ingredient in these medicines. WARNINGS: Human Warnings: Not for use in humans.
    [Show full text]
  • Maxillary Sinus Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma with Orbital And
    496 Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:496–503 the left eye, a left pars plana lensectomy and patients with VKH and one with sympathetic vitrectomy were performed to assess the visual ophthalmia reacted against the MART 1 LETTERS TO potential of this eye. The retina was found to melanoma antigen (an antigen carried by skin Br J Ophthalmol: first published as 10.1136/bjo.85.4.496f on 1 April 2001. Downloaded from be flat, and the macula healthy; therefore, and eye melanocytes), when presented in THE EDITOR enucleation was not performed. By 3 months association with HLA-A2. Interestingly, two she had regained a visual acuity of 6/6 in the of their three VKH patients carried HLA-A2, sympathising eye, and 6/12 in the exciting eye HLA-B51, HLA-DR4, and a further VKH (with a contact lens incorporating a pupil and patient carried the HLA-A2, and HLA-DR4 Sympathetic ophthalmia associated with an aphakic correction). antigens. Their sympathetic ophthalmia pa- high frequency deafness However, at 4 months post-injury, reduc- tient was also A2 positive, but was not positive tion of the prednisolone dose to 12.5 mg, and for either HLA-B51 or HLA-DR4. Our EDITOR,—Sympathetic ophthalmia with deaf- reduction of cyclosporin A to give a trough patient was HLA typed and found to carry ness has been reported rarely.12 We describe level of 70 µg/l, was followed by a flare of ante- HLA-A2, HLA-B51, HLA-DR4. one such case and explore a hypothesis rior uveitis in both the exciting and sympathis- HLA-A2 and HLA-DR4 are common and whereby genetic susceptibility may be associ- ing eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Pythiosis Synonyms: Bursatii, Florida Horse Leeches, Granular Dermatitis, Hyphomycosis, Destruens Equi, Phycomycosis, Phycomycotic Granuloma, and Swamp Cancer
    Pythiosis Synonyms: bursatii, Florida horse leeches, granular dermatitis, hyphomycosis, destruens equi, phycomycosis, phycomycotic granuloma, and swamp cancer Definition 0. Chronic cutaneous-subcutaneous disease of humans and animals (horses, cats, cattle, and dogs). 0. Causative agent: Pythium insidiosum (aquatic fungus-like organism) 0. Kingdom: Straminipila; Phylum: Oomycota; Family: Pythiacea; Genus: Pythium; Species: insidiosum Definition (contd.) 0. 120 known species 0. Mostly soil inhabitants, though some are important plant pathogens 0. First reports published in the mid to late 1800s 0. Associated with lesions in horses 0. Varying nomenclature until pythium insidiosum in1987. Case Study 1: Canine Pythiosis 0. Mycopathologia (2005) 159: 219-222 0. Intestinal canine pythiosis (Venezuela) 0. 11-months old Terrier male. 0. Symptoms: depression, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea 0. Illness began 1 month earlier. 0. Initial treatment: antibiotic chemotherapy and vitamins. Case Study 1 (Contd.) 0. Radiological exams, histopathological studies 0. Abundant eosinophils, histiocytes, and giant cells. 0. Cross sections of small intestine (silver stained) 0. Sparsely septate hyphae within necrotic areas. 0. Unable to isolate the etiologic agent in pure culture. 0. Canine died with no definitive diagnosis Case Study 1 ( Contd.) 0. Continued lab assessment 0. Fluorescent antibodies and molecular tools (for pythiosis) 0. Confirmed P. Insidiosum as the etiologic agent. Case Study 2 : Human Pythiosis . Emerging Infectious Diseases (2005) . www.cdc.gov/eid. Vol 11, No. 5. 0. Human Pythiosis (Brazil) 0. May 2002- 49 yr old Policeman. 0. Skin lesion on leg. 0. 3 months ago: 0. a small pustule developed on left leg 0. 1 week earlier- fishing in a lake. 0. Prior diagnosis: bacterial cellulitis 0.
    [Show full text]
  • Mucormycosis & Pythiosis
    2017 DEC 1-3 Mucormycosis & pythiosis – new insights SPEAKER CONFERENCE,OF Dr Ariya ChindampornMMTN Associate ProfessorAT COPYRIGHT Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand PRESENTED Presented at MMTN Vietnam Conference 1–3 December 2017, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2017 DEC 1-3 Hot topics in Asian medical mycology SPEAKER CONFERENCE,OF Mucormycosis & Pythiosis – new insight MMTN AT AriyaCOPYRIGHT Chindamporn Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University PRESENTED Bangkok, Thailand MMTN Vietnam Conference 1-3 December, 2017. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Mucormycosis Outline 2017 DEC • Introduction 1-3 • Recent Taxonomy • Trend of incidence • Epidemiology between developed andSPEAKER developing countries • Pathogenesis : role of CotH receptorCONFERENCE,OF agents –agents causing infection • Treatment MMTN AT COPYRIGHT PRESENTED 2017 DEC 1-3 SPEAKER CONFERENCE,OF MMTN AT COPYRIGHT PRESENTED 2017 DEC 1-3 SPEAKER CONFERENCE,OF MMTN AT COPYRIGHT PRESENTED Kwon -Chung K., CID 2012:54 ( Suppl 1) Mucormycosis 푽푺 Entomophthoromycosis Mucormycosis Entomophthoromycosis Synonym Phycomycosis, Zygomycosis -- 2017 Infection DEC - Host, mostly Immunocompromised: HM, HSCT, SOT, Immunocompetent Diabetic ketoacidosis 1-3 Clin. Manifestation Sinus, Pulmonary, Cutaneous, GI, Chronic & Subcutaneous Acute thrombosis Treatment AmphotericinB, posaconazole SPEAKERItraconazole Route of infection Inhalation, ingestion, or throughCONFERENCE, directOF Abrasion inoculation via abraded skin Pathogenic
    [Show full text]
  • Pythium Insidiosum: an Overview Wim Gaastra, Len J.A
    Pythium insidiosum: An overview Wim Gaastra, Len J.A. Lipman, Arthur W.A.M. de Cock, Tim K. Exel, Raymond B.G. Pegge, Josje Scheurwater, Raquel Vilela, Leonel Mendoza To cite this version: Wim Gaastra, Len J.A. Lipman, Arthur W.A.M. de Cock, Tim K. Exel, Raymond B.G. Pegge, et al.. Pythium insidiosum: An overview. Veterinary Microbiology, Elsevier, 2010, 146 (1-2), pp.1. 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.07.019. hal-00636632 HAL Id: hal-00636632 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00636632 Submitted on 28 Oct 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Title: Pythium insidiosum: An overview Authors: Wim Gaastra, Len J.A. Lipman, Arthur W.A.M. De Cock, Tim K. Exel, Raymond B.G. Pegge, Josje Scheurwater, Raquel Vilela, Leonel Mendoza PII: S0378-1135(10)00354-8 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.07.019 Reference: VETMIC 4975 To appear in: VETMIC Received date: 20-4-2010 Revised date: 19-7-2010 Accepted date: 19-7-2010 Please cite this article as: Gaastra, W., Lipman, L.J.A., De Cock, A.W.A.M., Exel, T.K., Pegge, R.B.G., Scheurwater, J., Vilela, R., Mendoza, L., Pythium insidiosum: An overview, Veterinary Microbiology (2010), doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.07.019 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.
    [Show full text]
  • A Desk Study to Review Global Knowledge on Best Practice for Oomycete Root-Rot Detection and Control
    Project title: A desk study to review global knowledge on best practice for oomycete root-rot detection and control Project number: CP 126 Project leader: Dr Tim Pettitt Report: Final report, March 2015 Previous report: None Key staff: Dr G M McPherson Dr Alison Wakeham Location of project: University of Worcester Stockbridge Technology Centre Industry Representative: Russ Woodcock, Bordon Hill Nurseries Ltd, Bordon Hill, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, CV37 9RY Date project commenced: April 2014 Date project completed April 2015 AHDB Horticulture is a Division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board DISCLAIMER While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing, no warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. ©Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board 2015. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including by photocopy or storage in any medium by electronic mean) or any copy or adaptation stored, published or distributed (by physical, electronic or other means) without prior permission in writing of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, other than by reproduction in an unmodified form for the sole purpose of use as an information resource when the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board or AHDB Horticulture is clearly acknowledged as the source, or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulmonary and Systemic Fungal Infections*
    CE Article #1 Pulmonary and Systemic Fungal Infections* Allison J. Stewart, BVSc(hons), MS, DACVIM Elizabeth G. Welles, DVM, PhD, DACVP Tricia Salazar, MS, DVM Auburn University ABSTRACT: Pulmonary or systemic fungal infections in horses are associated with a high mortality rate. The diagnosis can be difficult; the clinical signs depend on the extent of organ dysfunction. For pulmonary infections, thoracic radiography and collection of fluid samples by tracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage are useful. Biopsy samples may be obtained percutaneously or during laparoscopy/thoracoscopy or laparotomy/thoracotomy. Cytologic or histologic examination of lesions may identify characteristic morphologic features of fungal organisms. The etiologic agent can be definitively identified by microbiologic culture, immunohistochemistry, or polymerase chain reaction. Serologic titers can provide a noninvasive presumptive diagnosis for many conditions. Candidemia has been diagnosed by blood and urine cultures. Assessment of immune function is warranted to identify possible immunodeficiencies before long-term treatment. Although mortality rates are high, there have been some recent successful outcomes after treatment with amphotericin B, itraconazole, or fluconazole. ystemic fungal infections can have an FUNGI insidious progression, often presenting with There are more than 70,000 species of fungi, Snonspecific clinical signs. A thorough clini- but only 50 species have been identified as cal evaluation is usually required to confirm the causes of disease in people or animals. Fungi are diagnosis. Historically, fungal disease has been eukaryotic organisms with a definitive cell wall associated with a poor prognosis in horses and made up of chitins, glucans, and mannans. other species. However, with earlier diagnosis Within the cell wall, the plasma membrane and the increasing availability of affordable anti- contains ergosterol—a cell membrane sterol fungals with known pharmacokinetic profiles, that is frequently targeted by antifungal agents.
    [Show full text]