Philosophy and Life by Saad Malook
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Life Without Meaning? Richard Norman
17 Life Without Meaning? Richard Norman The Alpha Course, a well‐known evangelical Christian programme, advertises itself with posters displaying the words THE MEANING OF LIFE IS_________, followed by the invitation ‘Fill in the blanks at alpha.org’. Followers of the course will discover that ‘Men and women were created to live in a relationship with God’, and that ‘without that relationship there will always be a hunger, an emptiness, a feeling that something is missing’.1 We all have that need because we are all sinners, we are told, and the truth which will fill the need is that Jesus Christ died to save us from our sins. Not all Christian or other religious views about the meaning of life are as simplistic as this, but they typically share the assumptions that the meaning of life is to be found in some belief whose truth we need to recognize, and that this is a belief about the purpose for which we exist. A further implication is that this purpose is the purpose intended by the God who created us, and that if we fail to identify and live in accordance with that purpose, our lives will lack meaning. The assumption is echoed in the question many humanists will have encountered: if you don’t believe in a God, what’s the point of it all? And many people who don’t share the answer still accept the legitimacy of the question – ‘What is the meaning of life?’ – and assume that what we need is a correct belief, religious or non‐religious, which will fill the blank in the sentence ‘The meaning of life is …’. -
History and Theory of Philosophy
FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION "BASHKIR STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY" OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTHCARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (FSBEI HE BSMU MOH Russia) HISTORY AND THEORY OF PHILOSOPHY Textbook Ufa 2020 1 UDC 1(09)(075.8) BBC 87.3я7 H90 Reviewers: Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Head of the department «Social work» FSBEI HE «Bashkir State University» U.S. Vildanov Doctor of Philosophy, Professor at the Department of Philosophy and History FSBEIHE «Bashkir State Agricultural University» A.I. Stoletov History and theory of philosophy:textbook/ K.V. Khramova, H90 R.I. Devyatkina, Z.R. Sadikova, O.M. Ivanova, O.G. Afanasyeva, A.S. Zubairova-Valeeva, N.R. Mingazova, G.R. Davletshina — Ufa: Ufa: FSBEIHEBSMUMOHRussia, 2020. – 127 p. The manual was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in specialty 31.05.01 «General Medicine» the current curriculum and on the basis of the work program on the discipline of philosophy. The manual is focused on the competence-based learning model. It has an original, uniform for all classes structure, including the topic, a summary of the training questions, the subject of essays, training materials, test items with response standards, recommended literature. This manual covers topics related to the periods of development of world philosophy. Designed for students in the specialty 31.05.01 «General Medicine». It is recommended to be published by the Coordinating Scientific and Methodological Council and was approved by the decision of the Editorial and Publishing Council of the BSMU of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. -
Science, Reason, Knowledge, and Wisdom: a Critique of Specialism
Science, Reason, Knowledge, and Wisdom: A Critique of Specialism Nicholas Maxwell University College, London Published in Inquiry, vol. 23, 1980, pp. 19-81. In this paper I argue for a kind of intellectual inquiry which has, as its basic aim, to help all of us to resolve rationally the most important problems that we encounter in our lives, problems that arise as we seek to discover and achieve that which is of value in life. Rational problem-solving involves articulating our problems, proposing and criticizing possible solutions. It also involves breaking problems up into subordinate problems, creating a tradition of specialized problem-solving - specialized scientific, academic inquiry, in other words. It is vital, however, that specialized academic problem-solving be subordinated to discussion of our more fundamental problems of living. At present specialized academic inquiry is dissociated from problems of living - the sin of specialism, which I criticize. I In this paper I discuss two rival views about the nature of intellectual inquiry. I call these two views fundamentalism and specialism. I shall argue that at present the whole institutional structure of scientific, academic inquiry, by and large, presupposes specialism. Of the two views under consideration it is, however, fundamentalism, and not specialism, which provides us with a rational conception of intellectual inquiry. Failure to put fundamentalism into practice has profoundly damaging con-sequences for science and scholarship, and indeed for life, for our whole modern world. Ideally intellectual inquiry ought to help us to tackle rationally those problems of living which we encounter in seeking to discover and achieve that which is of value in life. -
Lorine Niedecker's Personal Library of Books: A
LORINE NIEDECKER’S PERSONAL LIBRARY OF BOOKS: A BIBLIOGRAPHY Margot Peters Adams, Brooks. The Law of Civilization and Decay. New York: Vintage Books, 1955. Adéma, Marcel. Apollinaire, trans, Denise Folliot. London: Heineman, 1954. Aldington, Hilda Doolittle (H.D.). Heliodora and Other Poems. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1924. Aldington, Richard, ed. The Religion of Beauty: Selections from the Aesthetes. London: Heineman, 1950. Alighieri, Dante. The Divine Comedy. New York: Random House, 1950. Allen, Donald M., ed. The New American Poetry: 1945-1960. New York: Grove Press, 1960. Allen, Glover Morrill. Birds and Their Attributes. New York: Dover, 1962. Alvarez, A. The School of Donne. New York: Mentor, 1967. Anderson, Charles R. Emily Dickinson’s Poetry: Stairway of Surprise. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1960. Anderson, Sherwood. Six Mid-American Chants. Photos by Art Sinsabaugh. Highlands, N.C.: Jargon Press, 1964. Arnett, Willard E. Santayana and the Sense of Beauty. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1957. Arnold, Matthew. Passages from the Prose Writings of Matthew Arnold, ed. William E. Buckler, New York: New York University Press, 1963. Saint Augustine. The Confessions. New York: Pocket Books, n.d. Aurelius, Marcus (Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus). Meditations. London: Dent, 1948. Bacon, Francis. Essays and the New Atlantis, ed. Gordon S. Haight. New York: Van Nostrand, 1942. Basho. The Narrow Road to the Deep North and Other Travel Sketches, trans. Nobuyuki Yuasa. Baltimore: Penguin, 1966. 1 Baudelaire, Charles. Flowers of Evil. New York: New Directions, 1958. Beard, Charles A. & Mary R. Beard. The Rise of American Civilization. New York: Macmillan, 1939. Bell, Margaret. Margaret Fuller: A Biography. -
Complete Issue
Center for Open Access in Science Open Journal for Studies in Philosophy 2019 ● Volume 3 ● Number 1 https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojsp.0301 ISSN (Online) 2560-5380 OPEN JOURNAL FOR STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY (OJSP) ISSN (Online) 2560-5380 https://www.centerprode.com/ojsp.html [email protected] Publisher: Center for Open Access in Science (COAS) Belgrade, SERBIA https://www.centerprode.com [email protected] Editor-in-Chief: Tatyana Vasileva Petkova (PhD) South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Faculty of Philosophy, Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA Editorial Board: Jane Forsey (PhD) University of Winnipeg, Faculty of Arts, CANADA Cristóbal Friz Echeverria (PhD) University of Santiago de Chile, Faculty of Humanities, CHILE Plamen Makariev (PhD) Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Philosophy, BULGARIA Antoaneta Nikolova (PhD) South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Faculty of Philosophy, Blagoevgrad, BULGARIA Adrian Nita (PhD) Romanian Academy, Institute of Philosophy and Psychology, Bucharest, ROMANIA Hasnije Ilazi (PhD) University of Prishtina, Faculty of Philosophy, KOSOVO Copy Editor: Goran Pešić Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade Open Journal for Studies in Philosophy, 2019, 3(1), 1-24. ISSN (Online) 2560-5380 __________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS 1 Hellenistic Philosophy in Greek and Roman Times Ioanna-Soultana Kotsori 6 Pedagogical Views of Plato in his Dialogues Marina Nasaina 17 The Idea of Tolerance – John Locke and Immanuel Kant Tatyana Vasileva Petkova Open Journal for Studies -
Rudolf Eucken's Philsophy of Life
RUDOLF EUCKEN’S PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE BY W. R. BOYCE GIBSON LECTURER IN PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON LONDON ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK 1906 PREFACE T he chapters in this book were originally delivered as inter-collegiate lectures at Westfield College, Uni versity of London, during the Michaelmas term, 1905. They arose out of the deep respect I feel for the work and personality of Professor Eucken, and from a profound sense of the importance of his teaching for philosophy, for religion, and for everyday life. In the publication of these lectures I have been most generously assisted by the Hibbert Trustees. My sincerest thanks are due to them, not only for the grant defraying the expenses of publication, but for their sympathetic recognition of the value of Professor Eucken’s work, and of the need for making it better known to English readers. I gratefully acknowledge the help given me by my wife in the typing of the manuscript and the reading of the proofs. I am also most indebted in this connec tion to Professor Eucken himself, who very kindly read through all the proof-sheets, and assisted me in many ways with the most unfailing cordiality and goodwill. CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY— EUCKEN’S PHILOSOPHICAL PUBLICA TIONS— OUTLINE SKETCH OF THE NEW IDEALISM, WITH PRELIMINARY APPRECIATION AND CRITICISM— EUCKEN’S PHILOSOPHY A RALLYING-POINT FOR IDEALISTIC EFFORT— THE SOLIDARITY OF IDEALISM 1 -2 1 CHAPTER II e u c k e n ’s v i e w s o n t h e r e l a t i o n o f p h il o s o p h y t o HISTORY, PARTICULARLY TO THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, -
Immanuel Kanfs Influence on the Psychology of Alfred Adler
Immanuel Kanfs Influence on the Psychology of Alfred Adler Mark H. Stone Abstract The influence of immanuel Kant's philosophy on the psychology of Alfred Adler is important to understand because Kant much earlier addressed many ideas and concepts assumed original with Adler. Kant addressed the concepts of private sense and common sense, the primacy of reason, the existential questions of life, fictions, the power ofthe mind over sense perceptions, the unconscious and conscious mind, unity of the person, fostering community feeling, and determining a moral course of action, all concepts Adler later applied to his psychology. Familiarity with Kant's works can help clinicians gain a better understanding of what Adler wrote and im- plied when explicating Individual Psychology. Kant's writings can be complicated and difficult to understand, but several very readable essays are recommended and readily available. The purpose of this article is to show the influence of Immanuel Kant's (1 724-1804) philosofjhy upon the psychology of Alfred Adler (1870-1937). A number of Adier's important ideas can be traced back to the writings of Kant. This is not to diminish Adier's contributions to psychology because it is Adier's elucidation of these concepts for understanding behavior that is striking. This connection between Kant and Adler relates a segment of the continuing stream of thought in intellectual history that connects the ideas from one thinker to those of another. Ellenberger (1970) wrote, "Adler has many affinities with Kant" (p. 628). However, Ellenberger stopped short of elucidating any of these connections save a very short discussion of com- mon sense and private sense. -
Pursuits of Wisdom
© Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher Chapter 1 Introduction On Philosophy as a Way of Life 1.1. Philosophy Ancient, Modern, and Contemporary Philosophy is a subject of study. In this, it is just like physics, mathematics, French language and literature, anthropology, economics, and all the other established specialties in contemporary higher education. Undergraduate institutions every- where have departments of philosophy offering degrees in the subject. These de- partments are staffed with lecturers and professors with advanced degrees certi- fying their preparation as teachers and as professional philosophers—as people who pursue research in the field and write articles and books of philosophy and on philosophy, just as physics lecturers do physics and write on physics, or an- thropologists do and write on anthropology. In fact, this book is just such a book of philosophy, written by a professional philosopher and teacher of philosophy. But, even as a subject of study, philosophy is different from all these others. One indication of this is the fact—often a cause of frustration, even irritation, in professional philosophers when confronted by it—that in the popular imagina- tion, and even among many beginning students, a philosopher is often conceived simply as someone who has a wide and deep experience of human life and insight into its problems. On this view, a philosopher is supposed to be a wise person, full of good advice on what to value in life most and what is worth valuing less, on how to deal with adversity and how to develop and sustain a balanced and harmonious, properly human, outlook on life, one’s own and others’. -
Getting Beyond Religion As Science: "Unstifling" Worldview Formation in American Public Education
Getting Beyond Religion as Science: "Unstifling" Worldview Formation in American Public Education Barry P. McDonald* Abstract Since ancient times, Western civilization has witnessed a great debate over a simple but profound question: From whence did we come? Two major worldviews have dominated that debate: a theistic worldview holding that we, and the world in which we live, are the purposeful product of a supernatural creator; and a materialistic worldview holding that we are the product of unintelligent and random natural forces. This debate rose to the fore with Darwin’s publication of his theory of evolution and the development of the modern scientific establishment. In America, it initially took its most conspicuous form in efforts by creationists to ban the teaching of evolution in American public schools, and then to have creationism taught as science. After legal setbacks based on the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, that effort morphed into the intelligent design movement of the past couple of decades. That movement’s aim to gain a place in the science curriculum recently stalled with a court ruling that it was, like the creationists before it, attempting to teach religious concepts as science. Most recently, a notable group of scientists and atheists have reversed the trend of defending science against religious attacks and launched a very public and aggressive campaign against religion itself. Prominent scientists and other believers have responded with works attempting to reconcile science and faith. * Associate Professor of Law, Pepperdine University School of Law. J.D., Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois (1988). I would like to extend my grateful thanks and appreciation to Kent Greenawalt, Kurt Lash, and Steve Smith for some very helpful comments on this Article. -
Anthropos Redux: a Defence of Monism in the Anthropocene Epoch
© FRAME NO. 29.2 NOVEMBER 2016 | 29 – 46 Anthropos Redux: A Defence of Monism in the Anthropocene Epoch ROSI BRAIDOTTI ABSTRACT This essay starts from the new and internally contradictory assumption that the historical contemporary concerns, such as the situation of today is unprecedented fast technological developments on in ecological, economic, socio- the one hand and the perpetuation political, as well as affective of more familiar patterns of terms. The era known as the oppression, like structural Anthropocene requires new ways economic inequalities, on the of thinking in order to account other. Both aspects of the present for new practices and discourses predicament will receive critical related to this situation. By attention in the cartography of offering a defence of Spinozist the Anthropocenic era that I will monism, this essay attempts to discuss here and which I read in strike a critical balance between terms of the posthuman condition. 30 ROSI BRAIDOTTI About Monism Monistic ontologies have had a hard time in critical thought. A “monistic universe,” predicated upon the rejection of binary oppositions and dialectical negativity has often been misunderstood or dismissed. In this paper I will therefore challenge this knee-jerk reaction and defend monism by exploring some of its implications for a theory and practice of neo-material vitalist vision of political subjectivity. In the recently emerged framework of the Anthropocene,1 a monistic approach to subjectivity can offer not only an escape from the dualistic foundations locatable in most ideological and political social structures, but also the starting-point of a new relational ecology that rejects violent hierarchies, is more compassionate, and actively de-centres anthropocentrism. -
Life Is Meaningless.’ Compared to What? Damian Veal*
Journal of Philosophy of Life Vol.7, No.1 (July 2017):208-260 ‘Life is Meaningless.’ Compared to What? Damian Veal* Abstract James Tartaglia argues that the question of the meaning of life, when properly construed, is ‘the keystone of philosophy,’ that which ‘locks its traditional preoccupations in place’ and ‘allows them to bear weight in an intellectual culture dominated by science.’ He also argues that we ought to reject the question’s premise and conclude that ‘life is meaningless.’ This paper critically examines what Tartaglia calls ‘the real question of the meaning of life’ and its implications. It concludes that Tartaglia provides no good reasons for maintaining that his version of the question is not, in the words of his imaginary interlocutor, ‘a philosophical dead-end,’ but that there is a broader sense of the question that might indeed qualify as a fundamental wellspring of philosophical inquiry. Introduction James Tartaglia’s Philosophy in a Meaningless Life: A System of Nihilism, Consciousness and Reality is a work of rare philosophical ambition.1 Deeming the ‘big ideas’ and ‘sweeping visions’ of the great systematic metaphysicians of the past to be both more interesting and more ‘philosophical’ than the modest, piecemeal efforts of his contemporaries, Tartaglia has self-consciously set out to emulate the former. Mercifully lacking the overweening grandiosity of some of those past greats who seem to have inspired him, however, Tartaglia is modest enough to admit that he ‘may well not have succeeded.’2 Also happily absent is the kind of tortuous, circumlocutory prose for which some of those same luminaries are notorious: Tartaglia’s book is elegantly written and clearly argued throughout. -
"The Philosophy of Humanism"
THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMANISM Books by Corliss Lamont The Philosophy of Humanism, Eighth Edition, 1997 (posthumous) Lover’s Credo: Poems of Love, 1994 The Illusion of Immortality, Fifth Edition, 1990 Freedom of Choice Affirmed, Third Edition, 1990 Freedom Is as Freedom Does: Civil Liberties in America, Fourth Edition, 1990 Yes To Life: Memoirs of Corliss Lamont, 1990 Remembering John Masefield, 1990 A Lifetime of Dissent, 1988 A Humanist Funeral Service, 1977 Voice in the Wilderness: Collected Essays of Fifty Years, 1974 A Humanist Wedding Service, 1970 Soviet Civilization, Second Edition, 1955 The Independent Mind, 1951 The Peoples of the Soviet Union, 1946 You Might Like Socialism, 1939 Russia Day by Day Co-author (with Margaret I. Lamont), 1933 (Continued on last page of book) THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMANISM CORLISS LAMONT EIGHTH EDITION, REVISED HALF-MOON FOUNDATION, INC. The Half-Moon Foundation was formed to promote enduring inter- national peace, support for the United Nations, the conservation of our country’s natural environment, and to safeguard and extend civil liberties as guaranteed under the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. AMHERST, NEW YORK 14226 To My Mother FLORENCE CORLISS LAMONT discerning companion in philosophy Published 1997 by Humanist Press A division of the American Humanist Association 7 Harwood Drive, P.O. Box 1188 Amherst, NY 14226-7188 Eighth Edition Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-77244 ISBN 0-931779-07-3 Copyright © 1949, 1957, 1965, 1982, 1990, 1992 by Corliss Lamont. Copyright © 1997 by Half-Moon Foundation, Inc. Copy Editor, Rick Szykowny ~ Page Layout, F. J. O’Neill The following special copyright information applies to this electronic text version of The Philosophy of Humanism, Eighth Edition: THIS DOCUMENT IS COPYRIGHT © 1997 BY HALF-MOON FOUNDATION, INC.