DOCSLIB.ORG

Introduction.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Introduction.Indd THE POLITICS OF THE PROVISIONAL Frontmatter.indd 1 12/4/12 2:34 PM Frontmatter.indd 2 12/4/12 2:34 PM THE POLITICS OF THE PROVISIONAL ART AND EPHEMERA IN REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE RICHARD TAWS The Pennsylvania State University Press University Park, Pennsylvania Frontmatter.indd 3 12/4/12 2:34 PM This book is made possible by a collaborative grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from the Millard Meiss Publication Fund of the College Art Association. Copyright © 2013 The Pennsylvania State University All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Printed in China by Everbest Printing Ltd., Data through Four Colour Print Group, Louisville, KY Taws, Richard, 1977– Published by The Pennsylvania State University The politics of the provisional : art and ephemera Press, University Park, PA 16802-1003 in revolutionary France / Richard Taws. p. cm. The Pennsylvania State University Press is a Summary: “Examines how ephemeral images and member of the Association of American objects made in 1790s France mediated the University Presses. memory of the French Revolution and enabled new forms of political subjectivity”—Provided by It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State publisher. University Press to use acid-free paper. Publica- Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and tions on uncoated stock satisfy the minimum index. requirements of American National Standard for isbn 978-0-271-05418-6 (cloth : alk. paper) Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for 1. Art—Political aspects—France—History— Printed Library Material, ansi z39.48–1992. 18th century. 2. Art and popular culture—France—History— 18th century. 3. France—History—Revolution, 1789–1799. I. Title. Additional credits: page i, detail of figure 84; N72.P6T39 2013 701'.03094409033—dc23 pages ii–iii, detail of figure 60; pages iv–v, 2012017708 detail of figure 45; pages vi–vii, detail of figure 33. Frontmatter.indd 4 12/4/12 2:34 PM FOR JO Image is 122%. Not in color in the text. Frontmatter.indd 5 12/4/12 2:34 PM On the tribune the bonnet rouge was painted in gray. The royalists started laughing at this gray bonnet rouge, this false room, this cardboard monu- ment, this papier-mâché sanctuary, this Panthéon of mud and spittle. How quickly it was bound to disappear! The columns were of barrel staves, the vaults were of batten, the bas-reliefs were of cement, the entablatures were of pine, the statues were of plaster, the marbles were painted, the murals were canvas; and in the provisional France made the eternal. VICTOR HUGO Quatre-vingt-treize (1874) Frontmatter.indd 6 12/4/12 2:34 PM CONTENTS ix List of Illustrations xi Acknowledgments xiii List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction 13 chapter one Made of Money: Transparent Bodies, Authentic Values, Paper Signs 43 chapter two Between States: Passports, Certificates, and Citizens 71 chapter three Revolutionary Models/Model Revolutionaries: Architecture, Print, and Participation at the Festival of the Federation 97 chapter four Performing the Bastille: Pierre-François Palloy and the Memory-Work of the Revolution 119 chapter five Material Futures: Marking Time in a Revolutionary Almanac 143 chapter six Paper Traces: Playing Games with the Revolutionary Past 167 Conclusion 171 Notes 187 Bibliography 203 Index Frontmatter.indd 7 12/4/12 2:34 PM Frontmatter.indd 8 12/4/12 2:34 PM ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Constitution of 1791, damaged by P.-F. Palloy in May 1793 2 Gabriel, Riquetti, Mirabeau, député de Provence aux États 2. Jacques-Louis David, La mort de Joseph Bara 5 généraux de 1789, mort le 2 avril 1791 57 3. Letterhead, le directoire du département de la Nièvre à la 28. Jacques-Louis David, Portrait of Jeanbon Saint-André 58 commission des administrations civiles, police et tribunaux 9 29. Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson, Portrait of 4. Jean-Pierre Droz, assignat, twenty-five sols 15 Citizen Belley, Ex-representative of the Colonies 60 5. Billet de vingt sols, municipalité de Laval, département 30. Passport issued to Anne-Louis Girodet 62 de la Mayenne 15 31. Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson, Self-Portrait 62 6. Nicolas-Marie Gatteaux, assignat (illuminated from beneath to 32. Jean Beugnet, Congé absolu, pour passer aux vétérans, show “La Nation” watermark), fifteen sous 16 délivré à Médart 64 7. O Sacre Dieu—uns bekomm bien die Liberte-Welch ein 33. Nicolas-Marie Gatteaux [inv.] and Pierre-Alexandre Tardieu Wollöben! Es fleust der Milk und die Hönick! Ah ça ira! 19 [sculp.], assignat, four hundred livres 65 8. Bon de cinquante livres; Dieu et le Roi 20 34. Nicolas [inv.] and Delettre [sculp.], Brevet du vainqueur 9. Assignat of five francs folded in the manner of the Vendéens de la Bastille, décerné en vertu du décret de l’Assemblée and the Chouans to read “la mort de la République” 21 Nationale du 19 juin 1790 à Pierre Fillon 67 10. L’homme aux assignats 22 35. Antoine Vestier, Portrait de Latude 68 11. La Bourse protège les agioteurs 23 36. Jean-Jacques Hauer, General Lafayette and Mme. Roland 12. Leonard Schenck and Pieter Schenck II, Mr Jean Law 25 Drawing a Plan for the Festival of Federation in 1791 72 13. Camus et un acolyte accueillent un couple de rentiers 26 37. Pierre-Gabriel Berthault, Vue du Champ de Mars le 14. L’impayable rentier de l’état, que ne suis-je Camus 27 14 juillet 1790 73 15. Ouf! 27 38. Jean-Louis Prieur [inv. del.] and Pierre-Gabriel Berthault 16. Jacques-Louis David, Marat assassiné 29 [sculp.], Fédération générale faite à Paris le 14 juillet 1790 77 17. Adoration des patriotes, à l’aspect d’un gros-sous, dessinée en 39. Jean-Louis Prieur [inv. del.] and Pierre-Gabriel Berthault France d’après nature l’an (sans argent) 3 de la liberté 30 [sculp.], Les troupes du Champ de Mars partant pour 18. Le roi mangeant des pieds à la Sainte Menehould, le maitre la place Louis XV le 12 juillet 1789 77 du poste confronte un assignat et reconnait le roi 32 40. Étienne Béricourt, Divertissement pendant les travaux 19. L’expirante Targinette 38 préparatifs de la fête de la Fédération 81 20. Cas des assignats, chez l’étranger 39 41. Les travaux du Champ de Mars, from Almanach de la 21. Passport issued to Louis Baraud 44 Fédération de France 82 22. Carle Vernet [inv. del.] and François Godefroy [sculp.], 42. Vue des travaux du Champ de Mars par les parisiens, Formulaire du congé absolu 45 l’an 1er de la liberté le 12 juillet 1790 83 23. Nicolas-Marie Gatteaux [inv.] and François-Noel Sellier 43. Hubert Robert, Fête de la Fédération au Champ de Mars 87 [sculp.], Projet d’un monument pour consacrer la Révolution 48 44. La nation française assistée par M. De Lafayette terrasse le 24. Passport issued to Augustin Désiré 49 despotisme et les abus du regne feodal qui terrassaient 25. Isaac Cruikshank after John Nixon, Le Gourmand 53 le peuple 89 26. Anatole Devosge after Jacques-Louis David, Le Peletier de 45. Louis Lecoeur after Jacques-François-Joseph Swebach- Saint-Fargeau sur son lit de mort 56 Desfontaines, Serment fédératif du 14 juillet 1790 90 27. Charles-François-Gabriel Levachez [inv. del. medallion] 46. La Fédération faite le 14 juillet 1790, almanach pour 1791 91 and Jean Duplessi-Bertaux [inv. del. vignette], Honoré, 47. Cloquet [del.] and Le François [scripsit.], Vue générale Frontmatter.indd 9 12/4/12 2:34 PM de la Fédération française prise à vôl d’oiseau au-dessus aux amis de la Constitution (detail showing figures on right-hand de Chaillot 92 side of print) 135 48. Meusnier, Plan général du Champ de Mars et du nouveau 70. Philibert-Louis Debucourt, Almanach national, dédié cirque 92 aux amis de la Constitution (detail of “marble”) 135 49. Antoine Donchery, Portrait de Pierre-François Palloy 98 71. Philibert-Louis Debucourt, Almanach national, dédié 50. Workshop of Pierre-François Palloy, Modèle de la Bastille 100 aux amis de la Constitution (detail of newspaper vendor, 51. Certificat d’artiste, et d’ouvrier en bâtiment 101 version with calendar attached) 137 52. Workshop of Pierre-François Palloy, Stone from the Bastille, 72. Label for Pharmaceutical Goods Sold by L. Chedeville 138 with Attached Plan of the Bastille 104 73. Philibert-Louis Debucourt, La paix. A Bonaparte pacificateur 140 53. Workshop of Pierre-François Palloy, Medal Made from 74. J. Benizy dit. Jean Dubuisson [del. sculp.], Valeur des Bastille Remnants 105 assignats et autres papiers monnaies 144 54. Antoine Cosme Giraud, Le XIV juillet MVCCLXXXX 106 75. François Bonneville, Tableau d’assignats avec portraits de 55. Vue de la fête donnée sur le plan de la Bastille 108 victimes et de profiteurs 144 56. Le dégel de la nation 109 76. A. W. Huffner, Verbrennung der Assignaten in Paris am 57. Jean-Baptiste Lesueur, Modèle de la Bastille 113 19ten Febr. 1796 145 58. Hubert Robert, La Bastille dans les premiers jours de sa 77. Les députés de la Gironde condamnés à mort jetant des démolition 115 assignats au peuple qui les déchire 148 59. Attaque de la petite Bastille 116 78. Jean-Louis Prieur [inv. del.] and Pierre-Gabriel Berthault 60. Philibert-Louis Debucourt, Almanach national, dédié [sculpt.], Statue de Louis XIV abatue 150 aux amis de la Constitution 120 79. Design for a Circular Tabatière Lid 156 61. Philibert-Louis Debucourt, Calendrier républicain 125 80. Villeicht enthüllen sich der Weissen vorsicht woege; auch selbst 62. Louis Lecoeur, La Constitution française 125 durch Robespierre 158 63. Philibert-Louis Debucourt, Almanach national, dédié 81. Workshop of Pierre-François Palloy, Trompe-l’Oeil Table with aux amis de la Constitution (detail of upper section) 127 Playing Cards 159 64.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jacques-Louis David's 'Oath of the Tennis Court'
    EXTENSION ACTIVITIES – Jacques-Louis David’s ‘Oath of the Tennis Court’, 1791 Read the discussion of Jacques-Louis-David’s ‘Oath of the Tennis Court’ (1791) on p. 3-8 of this handout. Then complete the following extension activities: 1. One of the big problems which faced David as the Revolution progressed was that many of the figures to whom he had given prominence in the 1791 drawing fell from favour as political conditions changed. Using Liberating France (including the Who’s Who) and other sources, find out what happened to Mounier, Mirabeau, Bailly, Barère, Barnave, and Robespierre. Then research the clergymen, Abbé Grégoire and Abbé Sieyès. 2. David alludes to the popular movement which became known as the sans-culottes through the strong and robust figure in the red bonnet of liberty in the lower left hand corner. Referring to Liberating France (including the Section B Timeline), write a paragraph to outline the role played by the sans-culottes movement from 10 August 1792 until the days of Germinal and Prairial Year III, (1 April and 20-23 May 1795). 3. Using Liberating France (including the Who’s Who) and other sources, outline David’s revolutionary career – both as a painter and as a politician. In your answer consider the importance his paintings and drawings 1789-1795, and his role in organising public ceremonies. Then investigate his political activities as a deputy in the National Convention. 4. David uses at least eight revolutionary ideas in his 1791 study of the Tennis Court Oath. Locate them and any other revolutionary ideas not mentioned in the summary above.
    [Show full text]
  • The Democratic Sphere Communications with the French National Assembly's Committee of Research,1789-1791
    The Democratic Sphere Communications with the French National Assembly's Committee of Research,1789-1791 Maia Kirby Queen Mary, University of London Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 I, Maia Olive Claire Kirby, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Maia Kirby Date: 24.08.16 2 Abstract On 28 July 1789 the National Assembly established the Committee of Research as a mechanism through which it could identify threats to its existence from amongst its large correspondence. In the time it was active, the committee received thousands of letters from across France. In the early 1990s the archivist Pierre Caillet wrote a thorough inventory and a general synthesis of the communications which further opened them up as a resource that could provide insight into popular reponses to various themes.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    © Copyright, Princeton University Press. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher. CHAPTER 1 Introduction French Society in 1789 Historians working on the French Revolution have a problem. All of our attempts to find an explanation in terms of social groups or classes, or particular segments of society becoming powerfully activated, have fallen short. As one expert aptly expressed it: “the truth is we have no agreed general theory of why the French Revolution came about and what it was— and no prospect of one.”1 This gaping, causal void is cer- tainly not due to lack of investigation into the Revolution’s background and origins. If class conflict in the Marxist sense has been jettisoned, other ways of attributing the Revolution to social change have been ex- plored with unrelenting rigor. Of course, every historian agrees society was slowly changing and that along with the steady expansion of trade and the cities, and the apparatus of the state and armed forces, more (and more professional) lawyers, engineers, administrators, officers, medical staff, architects, and naval personnel were increasingly infusing and diversifying the existing order.2 Yet, no major, new socioeconomic pressures of a kind apt to cause sudden, dramatic change have been identified. The result, even some keen revisionists admit, is a “somewhat painful void.”3 Most historians today claim there was not one big cause but instead numerous small contributory impulses. One historian, stressing the absence of any identifiable overriding cause, likened the Revolution’s origins to a “multi- coloured tapestry of interwoven causal factors.”4 So- cial and economic historians embracing the “new social interpretation” identify a variety of difficulties that might have rendered eighteenth- century French society, at least in some respects, more fraught and vulnerable than earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • 50 H-France Forum, V
    H-France Forum Volume 4 Page 50 ______________________________________________________________________________ H-France Forum, Volume 4, Issue 2 (Spring 2009), No. 5 Michael Sonenscher, Sans-Culottes: An Eighteenth-Century Emblem in the French Revolution. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2008. x + 493 pp. $45.00 U.S. (cl). ISBN 978- 0691124988. Response Essay by Michael Sonenscher, King’s College Cambridge, to the review essays of his book by John Hardman, Thomas E. Kaiser, Charles Walton and Johnson Kent Wright. Perhaps the easiest way to begin a reply to this array of thought-provoking comments is to start with the two factual questions raised by John Hardman. The first concerns the comte d’Angiviller, while the second concerns Charles-Alexandre de Calonne. Answering them is a good way into the questions set out by Thomas E. Kaiser and Charles Walton about the relationship of the sans-culottes to Robespierre, Saint-Just and the Jacobin leadership in 1793 and 1794 and, more broadly, about the similarities and differences in their respective moral values, economic priorities and political visions. Answering their questions is, in turn, a helpful entry point to the questions about eighteenth-century versions of ancient moral and political thought and about the politics of the ancient constitution raised by Johnson Kent Wright. John Hardman asked whether I had any evidence that the comte d’Angiviller was, as I put it, “a strong advocate of a patriotic coup against the nation’s creditors in 1787 and 1788” (p. 378). I made the claim on the basis of a remark by d’Angiviller in the autobiographical fragment entitled Episodes de ma vie that was published posthumously in 1906.
    [Show full text]
  • Bank Notes of the French Revolution, Part I – the Royal Assignats
    BANK NOTES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, PART I – THE ROYAL ASSIGNATS John E. Sandrock Prelude to Revolution Conditions in France under the monarchy at the end of the eighteenth century were bad both economically and socially. The monarchy was supreme, ruling by Divine Right. As a result, there being no parliament or other body to act as a check on extremes, the king was responsible only to himself. Although Louis XVI meant well, he was sluggish and ignorant when it came to domestic and foreign affairs. His love of hunting and his passion for tinkering with locks consumed his concentration. The problems associated with statesmanship were beyond his grasp. To make matters worse his Austrian born wife, Marie Antoinette, was both frivolous and erratic without any understanding of her subjects or their plight. France at this time was an agrarian nation with all but a small percentage of the population working the land. Crops had been very poor for several years and the winter hail storms of 1788-1789 was uncommonly severe. This made the collection of taxes, always an onerous chore which was badly administered, much more difficult. When we add to this the agrarian troubles, continual unbalanced budgets, foreign trade stifled for lack of credit, and a monarchy unable to raise money due to its bad credit, we have the grounds for bankruptcy. Transcending all this was a bureaucracy where privilege was rife. An enormous amount of wealth (some say up to twenty-five percent) was tied up in the hands of the church and clergy. Soon many writers began to attack the outmoded privileges and abuses of the aristocracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Jean-Sylvain Bailly (BUY-Yee) Member of the National Assembly
    ROUSSEAU, BURKE AND REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, 1791 FEUILLANT FACTION Jean-Sylvain Bailly (BUY-yee) Member of the National Assembly ou are cultured and influential. You were born 55 years ago in Paris and raised in its environs and in Versailles. Your family has always been deeply involved in court life. Both your father and grandfather were court painters and you originally intended Y to follow in their footsteps. You became attracted in the course of your studies to astronomical science, however, and prepared a career in that path instead, building an observatory in the Louvre and promoting the new science everywhere. You were elected to the French Academy in 1783, and by the time the Revolution began, you were a renowned astronomer and a bril- liant philosophe. Your Essay on the Theory of the Satellites of Jupiter added to Galileo and Kepler’s vision of the universe, and your literary reputation was not far below that of your scientific one. Everyone knows who you are and admires you. This is France, after all, and to be a brilliant philosopher is to be influential. It is not surprising, then, that when you wished to take part in revolutionary politics, you found the path wide open. You presided over your district’s elections for delegates to the Estates General, and you yourself were elected. The Third Estate contingent was thrilled to have such a brilliant mind as yours; it brought prestige and honor to the delegates (who were, after all, mere commoners). When the Third Estate fol- lowed Sieyès and declared itself to be the National Assembly, it chose you as its president.
    [Show full text]
  • Annales Historiques De La Révolution Française, 376 | Avril-Juin 2014 [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 01 Juin 2017, Consulté Le 01 Juillet 2021
    Annales historiques de la Révolution française 376 | avril-juin 2014 Varia Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/ahrf/13142 DOI : 10.4000/ahrf.13142 ISSN : 1952-403X Éditeur : Armand Colin, Société des études robespierristes Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 juin 2014 ISBN : 978-2-908327-68-7 ISSN : 0003-4436 Référence électronique Annales historiques de la Révolution française, 376 | avril-juin 2014 [En ligne], mis en ligne le 01 juin 2017, consulté le 01 juillet 2021. URL : https://journals.openedition.org/ahrf/13142 ; DOI : https:// doi.org/10.4000/ahrf.13142 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 1 juillet 2021. Tous droits réservés 1 SOMMAIRE Articles L’épiphanie, entre dérision et volonté d’abolition Michel Biard « Les forgeurs et les limeurs » face à la machine : la destruction de l’atelier de Jacques Sauvade (1er et 2 septembre 1789) Luc Rojas Le témoignage de François-Jérôme Riffard Saint-Martin, député à la convention Jacques-Olivier Boudon Prendre la parole en révolution le cas Palloy, démolisseur de la bastille Héloïse Bocher Nouvelles gouaches révolutionnaires de Jean-Baptiste Lesueur. Entrées au musée Carnavalet (2005-2011) Philippe de Carbonnières Regards croisés La Révolution française dans l’espace médiatique Annie Duprat, Cécile Guérin, Aurore Chery, Pascal Guimier, Pierre Serna, Roland Timsit, Emmanuel Laurentin et Emmanuel Fureix Sources La correspondance de Boris Porchnev et d’Albert Soboul. Un témoignage de l’amitié entre historiens soviétiques et français Varoujean Poghosyan Legray, Bodson, Varlet. Amitié politique et relations privées. Deux documents inédits Jean-Jacques Tomasso Comptes rendus Volume réalisé par Corinne GOMEZ-LE CHEVANTON et Françoise BRUNEL, Archives parlementaires.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coming of the French Revolution 1St Edition Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    THE COMING OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Georges Lefebvre | 9780691168463 | | | | | The Coming of the French Revolution 1st edition PDF Book A new governmental structure was created for Paris known as the Commune , headed by Jean-Sylvain Bailly , former president of the Assembly. The King and many Feuillants with him expected war would increase his personal popularity; he also foresaw an opportunity to exploit any defeat: either result would make him stronger. If your only way of connecting to the French Revolution in the past has been Les Miserables, this book is it. On 17 July, Louis visited Paris accompanied by deputies, where he was met by Bailly and accepted a tricolore cockade to loud cheers. By declaring war, the Convention hoped to mobilise revolutionary fervour and blame rising prices, shortages and unemployment as arising from external threats. It is therefore more difficult to live as a free man than to live as a slave, and that is why men so often renounce their freedom; for freedom is in its way an invitation to a life of courage, and sometimes "Liberty is by no means an invitation to indifference or to irresponsible power; nor is it the promise of unlimited well-being without a counterpart of toil and effort. Genoa the city became a republic while its hinterland became the Ligurian Republic. Created by WorkBot. Highly recommended. Retrieved 3 January Although persuaded to disperse, on 2 June the Convention was surrounded by a crowd of up to 80,, demanding cheap bread, unemployment pay and political reforms, including restriction of the vote to the sans-culottes , and the right to remove deputies at will.
    [Show full text]
  • LAVOISIER-The Crucial Year the Background and Origin of His First
    LAVOISIER-THE CRUCIAL YEAR: The Background and Origin of His First Experiments on Combustion in z772 Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, 17 43-1794, a portrait by David (Photo Roger-Viollet) LA VOISIER -The Crucial Year The Background and Origin of His First Experiments on Combustion in 1772 /J_y llenr_y (Juerlac CORNELL UNIVERSITY CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS Ithaca, New York Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. This work has been brought to publication with the assistance of a grant from the Ford Foundation. Copyright © 1961 by Cornell University First paperback printing 2019 The text of this book is li censed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommerciai-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. To use this book, or parts of this book, in any way not covered by the li cense, please contact Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Visit our website at cornellpress.cornell.edu. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978- 1-501 7-4663-5 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-5017-4664-2 (pdf) ISBN 978-1-5017-4665-9 ( epub/mobi) Librarians: A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress TO Andrew Norman Meldrum (1876-1934) AND Helene Metzger (188g-1944) Acknowledgments MUCH of the research and much of the writing of a first draft of this book was completed while I was a mem­ ber of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, in 1953-1955.
    [Show full text]
  • Napoleon, Talleyrand, and the Future of France
    Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Senior Theses and Projects Student Scholarship Spring 2017 Visionaries in opposition: Napoleon, Talleyrand, and the future of France Seth J. Browner Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Browner, Seth J., "Visionaries in opposition: Napoleon, Talleyrand, and the future of France". Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2017. Trinity College Digital Repository, https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/621 Visionaries in opposition: Napoleon, Talleyrand, and the Future of France Seth Browner History Senior Thesis Professor Kathleen Kete Spring, 2017 2 Introduction: Two men and France in the balance It was January 28, 1809. Napoleon Bonaparte, crowned Emperor of the French in 1804, returned to Paris. Napoleon spent most of his time as emperor away, fighting various wars. But, frightful words had reached his ears that impelled him to return to France. He was told that Joseph Fouché, the Minister of Police, and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, the former Minister of Foreign Affairs, had held a meeting behind his back. The fact alone that Fouché and Talleyrand were meeting was curious. They loathed each other. Fouché and Talleyrand had launched public attacks against each other for years. When Napoleon heard these two were trying to reach a reconciliation, he greeted it with suspicion immediately. He called Fouché and Talleyrand to his office along with three other high-ranking members of the government. Napoleon reminded Fouché and Talleyrand that they swore an oath of allegiance when the coup of 18 Brumaire was staged in 1799.
    [Show full text]
  • Jean-Sylvain Bailly's History of Indian Astronomy
    Revue d’histoire des math´ematiques, 9 (2003), p. 253–306. BETWIXT JESUIT AND ENLIGHTENMENT HISTORIOGRAPHY: JEAN-SYLVAIN BAILLY'S HISTORY OF INDIAN ASTRONOMY Dhruv RAINA (*) ABSTRACT. — The crystallization of scientific disciplines in late eighteenth-century Europe was accompanied by the proliferation of specialist histories of science. These histories were framed as much by the imperatives of the astronomy of the times as they were by the compulsions of disciplinary differentiation. This paper attempts to contextualise the engagement with the astronomy of India in the histories of astronomy authored in the eighteenth century by the astronomer Jean-Sylvain Bailly. While Bailly’s history of astronomy is not considered very highly among historians of science, the key themes that were to engage the concerns of historians of astronomy working on India for the next century were already in place in Bailly’s history. The paper traces the influence of Jesuit historiography of India on the landscape of French Enlightenment historiography – and in particular on Bailly’s quaint antediluvian theory of the origins of Indian astronomy. The reception of Bailly’s theory of Indian astronomy is also read in context. Consequently, it is argued that in the historiography of Indian astronomy, Bailly’s history marks a liminal moment before the binary dichotomies of the history of science framed the history of Oriental astronomy. RESUM´ E´. — ENTRE HISTORIOGRAPHIE JESUITE´ ET LUMIERES` : L’HISTOIRE DE L’ASTRONOMIE INDIENNE DE JEAN-SYLVAIN BAILLY. – Le processus de (*) Texte re¸cu le 12 octobre 2001, r´evis´e le 8 octobre 2002. D. RAINA, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110070 (India).
    [Show full text]
  • Jonathan Huff MAR Thesis
    Durham E-Theses La musique des lumières: The Enlightenment Origins of French Revolutionary Music, 1789-1799 HUFF, JONATHAN,EDWARD How to cite: HUFF, JONATHAN,EDWARD (2015) La musique des lumières: The Enlightenment Origins of French Revolutionary Music, 1789-1799 , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11021/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 1 2 For my parents, Martin and Julie Huff 3 4 ABSTRACT It is commonly believed that the music of the French Revolution (1789-1799) represented an unusual rupture in compositional praxis. Suddenly patriotic hymns, chansons , operas and instrumental works overthrew the supremacy of music merely for entertainment as the staple of musical life in France. It is the contention of this thesis that this ‘rupture’ had in fact been a long time developing, and that the germ of this process was sown in the philosophie of the previous decades.
    [Show full text]