Prayer of a Navajo Mother

By INEZ H. Goss Prescott, Arizona My baby girl, my dark-eyed one, We are so rich—we have the sun; We have the snow and summer rains, We have the mountains and the plains. Our hogan small and snug and warm; Your cradleboard keeps you from harm, Protected by its polished bows, Cushioned by bark of sweet cliff-rose. My prayer is not for greater wealth. But only "May you walk in health; May hunger always pass you by; May beauty by your pathway lie."

THE HARPS By IRENE- E, PAYNE Las Vegas, Nevada Sometimes at dawn I hear Aolian harps, A faint sweet music with a haunting strain So far away the muted sad refrain Escapes my ear. It is full strange that here Amid the barren and the blasted peaks, The desert reaches that no verdure seeks, The pipes of Pan should tinkle still. Perhaps it is the little winds that run Along the pass to herald waking sun. Perhaps it is the wings of birds I strain to hear. Or yet the half heard music might arise From sun rays stretching in the quiet skys. 1 know not how the singing starts, But in the quiet dawn I hear the minstrel harps. • • • THE DESERT By ENOLA CKAMBERLIN Los Alamitos, California Grandfather walked the desert, Pricked oxen with a goad; Fought sand and heat and darkness. And often made his road. Father pushed his horses From dawn to dark to try To make it to a waterhole WILD BUCKWHEAT MAGIC DESERT DAYS Before his barrels went dry. By Ai ICF. ZIMMERMAN By GEORGIA JORIMN Grandfather knew the desert. Santa Ana, California San Diego, California Its moods, its quiet stars; And Father took the time to drink 1 cannot sleep for listening to the rain. The Sun and Desert Air spin magic with Like slippered footsteps of a friend long their hands, At sunset's crimson bars. gone A veil of amethyst as thin as fairies chose. While I who cross the desert Now back again. It tints the crystal on the hot, reflecting With hurry as my need. And thinking of wild buckwheat on the hill. sands Relinquish all its glories Now it will drink its fill. To jewel tones of purple, lavender and rose. 1 too absorb this airy film of violet rays, To the subtle robber speed. For long hot months the savage, searing sun Receiving Nature's gift of health from Besieged the thirsty hill with blistering heat. Desert Days. DESERT DAWN Till life in all the tender plants was done. By MIRIAM R. ANDERSON Only the buckwheat would not grant defeat. San Bernardino, California Passive it gathered in the golden rays Expectancy pervades the quickened air, That made it brown and beautiful, until Bird orchestras tune softly, then are stilled; It grew so dry, I almost feared to touch And silence marks the moment, for the clear The sunburned blossoms that I loved so By TANYA SOUTH Pure essence of the day to be fulfilled. much. Nothing is buried. What you arc Reflects in everything you do. Immensity bestrides the mountain peaks, The desert sands, the sky—the first warm Oh, blessed long-awaited rain. By changing pace and tone and hue. You of yourself can make or mar ray Now the bright brittle tops will disappear; Of sun jewels glance to touch the edge of The seeds will scatter; Whatever type of life you fill, By what you are, and what you will. space— And the stiff stems grow green again And dawn, gold-handed, sweeps the night Under the soft persuasion of the rain. away.

DESERT MAGAZINE Publisher's Notes This month's cover photograph, depicting a happy family of desert vacationers at White Sands National Monument, New Mexico, heralds the return of the "visiting season" to the Desert Southwest. This is the month when increasing numbers of week- ending rockhounds make their avoca- tional jaunts in search of agate, treasured turquoise, banded jasper, Apache tears, and hundreds of other desert gems. This is the month when thousands of Easterners, feeling the frosty approach of winter, dream of Southwestern warming ovens — Tuc- son, Palm Springs, Scottsdale and a hundred other chosen sun spots. Volume 21 NOVEMBER, 1958 Number 11 And this is the month when the desertland itself is making its change- over from the sear-of-summer to the COVER White Sands National Monument winter-welcome phase of its many moods. By CHUCK ABBOTT And while the seasonal changes of POETRY Prayer of a Navajo Mother and other poems . 2 our desert country go along their GHOST TOWN way, the editorial staff of Desert Chinese Ghost Town in the Humboldt Range Magazine goes along its way, think- By NELL MURBARGER 4 ing three months ahead of today. CALENDAR (Conversely, it was three months ago November events on the desert 6 —in the 112 degree heat of late ART OF LIVING Silence—the Desert's Most Precious Gift August—that we were planning this By ELEANOR N. FOWLER 8 November issue of Desert.) TRAVEL * * * Trail to the Canyon of Turquoise Water Some of our plans ahead include By RANDALL HENDERSON 9 the addition of full-color art on the FICTION back cover, some color ink on the Hard Rock Shorty of Death Valley 12 INDIANS inside pages, and gradual changes in From Pueblo to Classroom, by LaVON TEETER 14 the format and design of our many INDIANS feature departments. Pueblo Portraits, by JOHN L. BLACKFORD . . 17 To develop a better and bigger FIELD TRIP Mojave Desert Opal Diggings Desert Magazine editorially, there is need for a corresponding growth in By HAROLD O. WEIGHT 18 Desert's circulation and advertising LETTERS sides. Any increment in circulation Comment from Desert's readers 22 and advertising will be utilized to CLOSE-UPS expand the magazine's value as a About those who write for Desert 22 HISTORY readable, enjoyable journal for you. Jerome, by JOSEF and JOYCE MUENCH . . 23 * * a NATURE A survey questionnaire was mailed In the Land of Sagebrush out last month to one out of each 10 By EDMUND C. JAEGER 24 of Desert Magazine's subscribers EXPERIENCE (they were picked at random from Emily of the Desert Trails our circulation files). Results of this reader sampler are already beginning By DOROTHY ROBERTSON 27 to return to editor Randall Hender- ASTRONOMY Hobbyists Who Scan the Desert Night Sky son's desk. Compilation of the ques- By GASTON BURRIDGE 29 tionnaire will be reported to you DESERT QUIZ either in January or February, de- A test of your desert knowledge 30 pending on how promptly the replies NEWS are mailed. From here and there on the desert 32 * s # MINING We hope an ever-increasing num- Current news of desert mines 36 ber of you will feel, as we here at HOBBY the Desert Magazine pueblo feel, that Gems and Minerals 38 LAPIDARY Desert is the ideal inexpensive Christ- Amateur Gem Cutter, by DR. H. C. DAKE ... 41 mas gift. Your publisher promises COMMENT that those who receive Desert Maga- Just Between You and Me, by the Editor ... 42 zine as a gift this coming year will BOOKS 12 times bless the giver, for Desert Reviews of Southwestern literature 43 will continue to bring into focus the PHOTOGRAPHY beauty and the wonder and the his- Pictures of the Month back cover toric past of our Southwest—in more than 400 pages of enjoyable, authentic The Desert Magazine la published monthly by Desert Magazine, Inc., Taliri Desert, and wholesome reading between now California. Re-entered as second class matter July 17, 1948, at the Postofftce at Palm Desert, California, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Title registered No. 353865 In U. S. Patent Office, and a year hence. and contents copyrighted 1958 by Desert Magazine, Inc. Permission to reproduce contents CHARLES E. SHELTON must be secured from the editor in writing, Publisher CHARLES E. SHELTON, Publisher RANDALL HENDERSON, Editor EUGENE L. CONHOTTO, Associate Editor BESS STACY, Business Manager EVONNE HIDDELL, Circulation Manager ABOUT THE COVER . . . Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs submitted cannot be returned or acknowledged White S;inds National Monument — a unless full return postage is enclosed. Desert Magazine assumes no responsibility for damage or loss of manuscripts or photographs although due care will be exercised. Sub- 140,000-acre playground of gleaming white scribers should send notice of change of address by the first of the month preceding issue. sand located 15 miles southwest of Alamo- SUBSCRIPTION RATES gordo in south-cent rat New Mexico. The One Year SI.00 Two Years »7.00 Monument's slowly shifting dunes represent Canadian Subscriptions B5c Extra. Foreign 50c Extra the largest deposit of surface gypsum in the Subscriptions to Army Personnel Outside U. S. A. Must Be Mailed in Conformity With world. Chuck Abbott of Tucson is the P. O. D. Order No. 19687 cover photographer. Address Correspondence to Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, California

NOVEMBER, 1958 The railroad work for which they came to this country came to a close; unfriendly white men barred them from jobs in the towns—it was then that the Chinese laborers turned to chinese mining. One of their camps was in American Canyon near Lovelock, Nevada . , .

ghost

town

Chinese placer miner carrying flat- By NELL MURBARGER type rocker used for mining gold in the Map by Norton Allen in the early days. Photo courtesy Nevada State Historical Society. Humboldt Range

ERNST was telling me of the Chinese as wood-cutters, but re- activity. Hundreds of Chinamen were pioneer times in Nevada, and belled if they aspired to better occupa- working the gravels, and recovering mentioned that her mother had tions. Other towns organized Anti- millions in gold dust. Ample evidence grown vegetables and sold them to a Asiatic Leagues, and evicted Orientals remains in the hundreds of shallow Chinese colony 12 miles south of on general principle. As a consequence, shafts and the piles of worked gravel Unionville. Seventy-five years ago it the early 1870s found these ex-rail- spread over not less than two miles of had been quite a settlement, with roaders willing to work at anything the river bed. stores and a joss house. that gave promise of supplying their "The ground was leased to a China- This chance remark by my Union- daily rice — and the opportunity to man on a royalty basis. It is said he ville friend launched a search for in- mine placer gold in Nevada's Hum- brought in hundreds of his countrymen formation that extended over five years, boldt Range came to them as manna to whom he sublet the ground in for this ghost town quest was one of from the gods. blocks of 20 feet square. Each lessee the dimmest, historically, I have fol- According to Alfred Merritt Smith, sunk a shaft to the paystreak and lowed—and one of the most fascinat- former Nevada state mining engineer, mined out the ground contained in ing. the main period of activity in Ameri- the lease. Thousands of piles of tail- Placer gold was discovered in can Canyon was from the 1870s to ings attest the energy with which work American Canyon by white men in 1900, although a few Chinese con- was conducted. An old Chinaman 1871. The paystreak, however, was tinued placering there until 1910, and still living on the ground—the last of beneath so much overburden the dis- the last resident of the canyon colony 500—states that each block of ground coverers did not regard it as feasible died around 1927. 20 feet square produced from $1500 to work the claims themselves. In- "When I visited American Canyon to $3000 in gold-dust and nuggets . . . stead, L. F. Dunn and his associates, in the early 1930s, the old joss house "It is a difficult matter to make an who owned most of the claims in the was still standing, and the old sign estimate of the aggregate amount of canyon, leased the property to Chinese. was hanging over the door," Smith gold taken out of American Canyon. Chinese laborers were highly un- told me. "It was an elaborate sign, Chinamen are secretive as to their popular in Nevada at this time. With with Chinese characters painted in gold, but ... Wells, Fargo Express completion of the Central Pacific Rail- black and red and gilt . . ." Company has a record of several mil- road, thousands of coolie employees An article by Ernest G. Locke in lions of dollars worth carried out by were turned loose upon the country- the Mining and Scientific Press, issue it. F. L. Ransome gives a reported side, ready to take jobs at a fraction of Sept. 6, 1913, gave details of the output of $10,000,000, and others of the wages commanded by white American Canyon operation: believe $20,000,000 to be nearer cor- workmen. "Twenty years ago, American Can- rect . . ." Some of the mining camps tolerated yon in Nevada, was the scene of great According to Locke, the gold or- DESERT MAGAZINE iginated in a range of porphyry hills water for placering operations. For days they cooked over open fires; but through which an old river cut its this purpose they used a yoke laid when I knew them, nearly every cabin bed. "The paystreak," stated Locke, across their shoulders, with five-gallon or dugout had its ramshackle stove. "lay on a false bed of clay, generally cans suspended from each end. Some For the most part the miners slept on about 60 feet from the surface . . . of them carried water as far as a mile pallets or straw with a ragged blanket A shaft nearly 200 feet deep was sunk —and they trotted all the way. or two. For light they used small through gravels to the limestone. The "They didn't get much gold out of metal lamps which had no chimneys paystreak, however, still retained its the overburden, but after they had and resembled the old-time Greek position at about 70 feet from the sur- worked their way through to the false lamps. I think they burned peanut face; little or no gold was found below bedrock, they did well," said Joe. oil. the false bedrock, and none on the "One nugget worth $1000 was found "They used peanut oil in many other limestone." in the canyon, and I saw many as ways, especially in cooking. Their Even if the production records were large as my thumb. Pieces the size of diets were rather restricted. Some had grossly exaggerated, this was a lot of peas and wheat grains were common. gardens about 10 feet square, which yellow metal to have been recovered "After sweeping the bottom of the provided part of their living. They from beneath 60 to 70 feet of over- shaft clean with a small bamboo were very fond of the brown Bayou burden by miners employing only broom, they would claw back into the beans. In order to utilize these to the primitive tools and hand labor, and walls of the shaft as far as they could fullest advantage, they would saturate hampered by lack of water! Actually, reach with a shovel or hoe—but never a burlap sack with water, spread the it was an incredible mining accom- so far that they could not look up and dry beans over it evenly, and cover plishment. see the sky. If they had reason to with another water-soaked sack. This Last August I located a man who think they had missed any gold in the was kept moist for several days, caus- vividly remembered the colony in the first running of the gravel, they ran ing the beans to sprout. When they Canyon! Born in Unionville in 1879, it through a second time. They were cracked open and the skins came off, and now a resident of Reno, Joe good miners and hard workers. they were ready to be cooked and Thornton is an authority on the early "There were several Chinese stores eaten, sprouts and all. They also ate history of his birthplace and its en- in the canyon and Pete Anker and much rice, and imported from China virons. From the early 1890s to 1904, Steve Young frequently hauled in both canned and dried fish, used mostly his memory of the Oriental settlement loads of supplies from Lovelock," con- for seasoning the rice. Sometimes they is as clearly cut as a steel engraving. tinued Joe. "Almost all the miners would take a piece of boiled fish and During these years Joe lived on a were bachelors. I don't remember barely touch it to the top of their rice, ranch in Buena Vista Valley, near seeing but two Chinese women there. then return it to the pot for future Unionville, and made almost weekly Every man wore his hair in a long use . . ." trips to the canyon with team and black queue; and when he was work- Joe remembered the joss house well. wagon, hauling big loads of pigs, tur- ing wound it around his head and "In addition to the temple idol, the keys, ducks and chickens which always held it down with his hat. Many wore whole place was decorated with pea- found a ready market. the conical straw hats of the coolies. cock feathers, gilt, red lacquer and Since there was little or no water "Most of the miners lived in dug- pictures of dragons and devils. When in much of the canyon, Joe said, many outs or small rock cabins heated with we passed by we often could see the of the Chinese miners had to carry makeshift cookstoves. In the earlier Chinese priest on his knees before the

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NOVEMBER, 1958 family was discussing something im- portant. Ed decided we should go straight ahead, over the ridge, and so enter American Canyon from its head. "It's a steep pull on this side for about 200 yards, and it may be a little rocky, but it'll save us pulling up the canyon through the loose wash gravel," he explained. In another mile and a half the road forked again. We took the older and more rutted trail to the left, and soon reached the summit of the Humboldts. There's a grand feeling of exhilara- tion in standing on a height from which it is possible to see more than a full day's journey in any direction. To the west stretched the road we had ascended that morning—a thin white Looking down American Canyon across Buena Vista Valley to East Range line etched through the gray sage to the Humboldt Valley, where our eyes in background. Ruins of Chinese mining settlement are near canyon mouth. leaped the river and traveled on to racked tiers of blue mountains—the idol, with his hands pressed together took us across the wide alluvial fan Trinitys, the Seven Troughs, the An- in front of him, bowing and speaking. at the west base of the Humboldt telope Range, the Kammas. Sometimes large groups of men would Range, and up through Limerick Can- From the eminence of the pass we meet at the joss house, and then every- yon. Nine miles from Oreana, Ed saw the full length of American Can- one would bow to the idol, and speak," directed me to halt while he considered yon, and the sinuous course of our Ed Green, who has lived in the which route we should take. road as it inched down the north Lovelock area for 65 years, was my While my companion studied the shoulder of the canyon to disappear guide to the old Chinese ghost town. situation, I reveled in the fragrance of in its depths. Beyond the canyon's It was clear and pleasantly warm as the juniper-grown hills, and the won- slack mouth spread the tawny-white we left Lovelock and headed north- der of the desert day. I could hear expanse of Buena Vista Valley, over east on U.S. 40. After quickly cover- the calling of mourning doves from which rose more tiers of blue and ing the 14 paved miles to Oreana, we half-a-dozen points, and in the brush purple mountains. Shimmering and turned east on a graveled road which beside the road a chukar partridge rippling under the heat of mid-morn- ing, the white flat resembled a mighty dragon drowsing in the sun. One couid almost imagine it swinging its DESERT CALENDAR great head to hiss indolently at an intruder, before slithering back into ARIZONA NEW MEXICO some geologic era of the past. Oct. 31-Nov. 11—Arizona State Fair, Nov. 1—'49ers Celebration, Socorro. With the car in low gear and the Phoenix. Nov. 2—AH Souls' Day, Memorial brake pedal nudging the floorboards, Nov. 15—Arizona Boys Ranch 8th Services in all Spanish Villages. we eased down the steep trail into Anniversary Charity Ball, Hotel Nov. 11-13 — Goodwill Tour, Albu- the canyon. We passed a small cabin, Westward Ho, Phoenix. querque. temporarily untenanted, and the camp Nov. 16—Catholic Fiesta, Yuma. Nov. 12—St. James Day Fiesta and of American Canyon Mine, where Nov. 19-24 — International Auto Harvest Corn Dance, Tesuque Pue- ponderous dragline equipment stands Show, Phoenix. blo. rusting in the yard. The road is very Nov. 22—Annual Northern Arizona Nov. 12—Annual Fiesta and Harvest poor—rutted and washed, and full of Christmas Parade, Wins low. Corn Dance, Jemez Pueblo. rocks and roots—and I was thankful Nov. 29-30—Junior Parada, Florence. Nov. 15 — Annual Treasure Hunt, for Ed's foresight in routing us down Hobbs. the canyon, rather than up. After first frost—Yeibichi and Fire Dances, Navajo Reservation. Nov. 19-21—State Farm Bureau Con- A short distance beyond the mine vention, Roswell. we sighted the first of the old Chinese CALIFORNIA Late Nov. or early Dec. — Shalako rock ruins. Even at best they had Nov. 6-9—10th Annual Death Valley Ceremony, Zuni Pueblo. been primitive abodes, and now they 49ers Encampment (see page 28). were quite tumbled down. UTAH Nov. 8-9—16th Annual Desert Weed Cruising slowly down the canyon, Show, Twentynine Palms. Nov. 12—Annual Veterans' Day Pa- rade, Milford. we came to the remains of a larger NEVADA and more imposing building. Here the Nov. 14-18—Golden Spike National walls still stood to a height of eight Oct. 31-Nov. I—Nevada Admission Livestock Show, Ogden. feet, and from Joe Thornton's descrip- Day Festivities, Carson City. Nov. 16—Catholic Carnival, Helper. tion I decided this had been one of Nov. 20-22—State Farm Bureau Con- Nov. 28 — Children's Christmas Pa- the stores. It was here I found my first vention, Winnemucca. rade, Salt Lake City. relic of American Canyon's Chinese era—a pint-size copper pitcher! Crude- ly made and obviously very old, it was

DESERT MAGAZINE ated with holes slightly smaller than a dime. These, we surmised, had been fitted in the bottom of the rockers to catch and hold the gold. I was pleased to find an iron kettle, a couple of old bottles, and many fragments of black earthenware jugs. We also found many broken pieces of light-blue earthen- ware bowls, and many tins of peculiar shapes and sizes—quite unlike any- thing I had ever found in other ghost towns. Many of the old relics were beyond our ability to identify. I could have remained there for days, searching over the tailing piles and the ruins; but early evening found us working our way down the wide fan that de- bouches into the valley from the can- yon's mouth. We headed back toward Lovelock by way of Spring Valley and Limerick Canyon. Joe Thornton, 79, remembers the That evening we visited Clarence Chinese colony in American Canyon. Young, whose father, Steve, ran a store and hotel at Lovelock in the Chinese placer mining relics found early days, and had dealings with the in the canyon include old shovel almost completely hidden beneath American Canyon Chinese. blades, perforated metal bottoms of wash sand and the fallen rubble of One old Chinaman, Ah Lem, Young gold rockers, iron kettles and bottles. the walls. recalled, drove stage between the can- The canyon trough widened and yon and Lovelock, and often brought flattened as we traveled through a sec- to the Young store large quantities of enter business in this country. Toy tion overlaid with endless tailing piles. gold-dust and nuggets which he ex- Lee, I remember, opened a restaurant From these rounded mounds that changed for supplies ordered by the in the hotel owned by my father. Many looked like ant hills twice as high as various miners, or left there for safe- others became ranch cooks and house houses, a golden harvest had been keeping. winnowed by means of crude gold servants. For years there were few rockers, water carried in buckets, and "What became of the Chinese in ranches in Lovelock Valley without Oriental determination. the canyon?" I asked. Chinese cooks. The lower class of "They straggled away," said Young. workers—the coolie type—found em- Continuing down the trail we passed "As each miner worked out his lease ployment as railroad section hands." another old cabin built mainly of he would take another — as long as When I asked if there were any adobe, and entered the canyon's main ground was available. But when no American Canyon Chinese living in concentration of Chinese ruins. more unworked ground remained, Lovelock Valley today, Young shook Wandering afoot through the rem- there was nothing to do but move out. his head. nants of this strange ghost town, we The more successful ones took the "No," he said. "I'm sure there are found a building put together from gold they had mined and returned to none left. Not here; probably no- packing case boards stenciled with China. Some saved enough money to where . . ." Chinese characters, and further search- ing in the rubble revealed scraps of woven reed matting. Close by stood Ed Green inspects a primitive Chinese chicken house in American Canyon. another structure fabricated of boards, earth, rock and scrap tin. Since it was only 30 inches square and that much in height, I suggested it was a dog kennel. "That's no dog house," said Ed. "That's a Chinese chicken house! I'll bet you'll find roosts inside . . ." Sure enough, there were three roosts! I suppose the tiny coop could have housed eight or ten hens—if they didn't mind a little crowding. Strewn haphazardly around the tumbled-down rock dwellings and the tailing piles that rose on every side was a strange assortment of relics: tin coffeepots of the gallon size; tea- pots and tea cannisters; huge tin cups; great numbers of shovel blades, each worn to a nubbin; and many sheets of metal about two feet square perfor-

NOVEMBER, 1958 Science — . . the Desert's Most Precious Gift "And a great and strong wind rent the mountain and brake in pieces the rocks before the Lord, but the Lord was not in the wind; and after the wind, an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake; and after the earthquake, a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire; and after the fire, a still small voice. And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave. And, behold, there came a voice unto him."—1 Kings 19, 11-12. By ELEANOR N. FOWLER ILENCE HAS BEEN a part of man's birthright ing, when the percentage of those who will some time since the dawn of creation. Everyone is seeking require psychiatric treatment mounts alarmingly, we need 5 something—peace of mind, serenity of spirit, a to rediscover this gift of silence. We live under a growing solution to problems, accomplishment, friendship, self- sense of tension and pressure, and often a feeling of fu- understanding. As Elijah found the communion he sought tility. The sale of tranquilizers and barbiturates steadily not in the crescendo of the wind, the turmoil of the increases, and we seem to have forgotten that in silence earthquake nor in the roaring of the flames; but in the there is healing, in silence there is strength for our weak- stillness which followed them, so we, too, may find what ness, light for our darkness. we seek in a time apart. Silence is a gift which we can give our families. From Silence is a gift which the desert offers us. The sea the moment of birth, today's child is bombarded with is characterized by the pounding of the surf and the sound. We can sometimes dispense with the radio, with crying of gulls; the mountains are frequently lashed by television, with the record player, and create a time of storms, or the air is vibrant with bird song and the chatter- stillness. By doing so, we can build a stronger bond of ing of squirrels; but over the desert hangs a deep and communication between ourselves and our families by brooding silence, a silence which is unbroken by the offering this opportunity for the sharing of problems or small animals which inhabit it, or by the hawks which aspirations. We can help them become articulate about glide above it. life's deeper meanings if we make time to listen. We can Those of us who are but a step away from the desert give them room to grow mentally and spiritually, to learn too often regard it as an arid and desolate waste. We to live creatively. frequently are blind to its beauty. But when we take the Silence is a gift we can sometimes take to our friends. time to walk or drive through it, there is much that we There is a great human loneliness, a great yearning for may expect to see and to feel. understanding which we can, momentarily at least, as- There is nothing flamboyant about the beauty of the suage, if we will. One of the greatest needs of our time, desert, but there is something very elemental about it. or of any time, is for people who will listen, people who There is something valiant about the tiny flowers which are willing to share another's burden. A hospital chaplain struggle for existence. There is a lesson to be learned writes of what he terms "the healing sacrament of con- from the plants which take a precarious grasp on life in versation" which he considers an integral part of the the crevices of rocks and send their roots down through service which a hospital should offer its patients. "The the fissures in the rock to the water that lies below. Even healing sacrament of conversation"—this is something in the sagebrush which we so often disparage has a symmetry which all of us may have a part in our day by day con- equal to that of the mighty trees of our forests, a symmetry tacts with other people. which bespeaks an adaptation to adverse circumstances We are told that we use only a small percentage of and a tenacity of life. There is even a subdued sort of our potential brain power, that we have within us an beauty in the lichens which cover the rocks with a patch- undiscovered wealth of creative ability, that our minds work quilt of red and brown and yellow. And everywhere could assimilate many times the knowledge most of us that it can maintain a foothold against the winds which acquire. Why is this true? The poet says it is because sweep across the sand, clings the life-sustaining grass. "the world is too much with us." There is, above all, an awareness of the quiescent Today's newspaper is written and compiled in the strength of the desert, a strength against which the pion- midst of ringing telephones, clattering typewriters and eers pitted themselves and often lost, a strength with which pounding teletype machines; but the thinking and the the animals that make it their home must constantly cope writing which will endure beyond tomorrow are still or leave their bones to bleach in the sun. There is, too, done in a time of quietness. Only out of the depths of an awareness of promise, of a slumbering fertility which solitude could the Psalms of David have come, or the needs only the kiss of water to awaken it to lush and sonnets of Shakespeare, or Einstein's theory of relativity. verdant growth. And over it all hangs the splendor of the Only out of a stillness of mind and soul have other writers desert sky, the balm of the desert silence. been able to translate into words the impressions life makes upon them. This silence is something which we may carry away Silence is a gift which life offers us. It is a necessity with us. It is a gift which we owe ourselves, for true which we sometimes deny ourselves. Would you forget silence is the rest of the mind, and is to the spirit what the racing of the minutes and hear instead the slow beat sleep is to the body, nourishment and refreshment. of eternity? Go, then, to the desert. Of all its gifts, silence In this day when our mental institutions are overflow- is the greatest. DESERT MAGAZINE Havasu Falls Moonev Falls Navajo Falls

were Frances Field of Los Angeles, Mrs. Robert S. Worthington of El Se- gundo, California, and her mother, Trail to the Canyon Mrs. Ralph D. Robertson of Los Gatos, California. From Kingman the station wagon ride along Highway 66 to Peach of Turquoise Water Springs and thence 63 miles over a well-graded dirt road that winds across the high northern Arizona plateau took us to an elevation of 6497 feet where In a remote high-walled canyon well acquainted with the geography of we passed through a forest of conifer- in northern Arizona lives a little northern Arizona, Cataract Creek, also ous trees and over a sector of the tribe of Indians who have never known as Havasu Creek, is one of the Hualapai Indian reservation. Twice seen an automobile on their streets. tributaries which feed the Colorado we saw antelope bounding over the Access to their village is by foot- in the Grand Canyon area. In this grassland that bordered much of the path, and visitors either hike or remote chasm a series of ever-flowing road. ride saddle horses down the rocky springs bubble to the surface and There is no road into Havasu Can- 8-mile trail from the plateau 3000 form a sizable stream of water highly yon—not even a jeep trail. Our motor feet above. But tourists are wel- impregnated with carbonates of lime. trip ended at Hualapai Hilltop where come because they are bringing Within a span of three miles the stream prosperity to these far-away tribes- tumbles over three great waterfalls, Supai Indians were waiting with pack men. and riding animals to take us to their with many splashing cascades between. village, eight miles away and 3000 Normally the water is a clear blue- feet below. By RANDALL HENDERSON green, but when churned by the falls and cascades it acquires a milky tur- A steep trail zig-zagged down to Map by Norton Allen quoise hue and is one of the most the floor of Hualapai Canyon and colorful streams in America. thence along an easy downgrade to its N MAY this year after an interval junction with Cataract Canyon. of 16 years, I returned to Catar- My return trip to Havasu this year The packers also were carrying food act Canyon—the canyon of the was with Joe Wampler, archeologist, supplies for the little cooperative store blue-green waters—to renew my ac- mountaineer and guide who conducts which the Indians maintain in the vil- quaintance with the Havasupai Indi- expeditions into Havasu Canyon each lage. I saw the panniers on one pack ans who have dwelt in this idyllic spring and fall. mule filled with fresh bakery bread, gorge of red and cream-colored lime- Our rendezvous was El Trovatore and another was carrying two bunches stone for perhaps a thousand years. Hotel in Kingman where our small of bananas. Evidently these Indians are The Indians themselves do not know party met for the start of the 6-day eating better than were their ancestors just when their ancestors migrated to outing. Joe prefers small parties. This when Father Garces, the first white this lovely retreat. year he guided 11 trips into Havasu man to visit this tribe, made his way For the information of those not Canyon. Members of this excursion into the canyon on foot in June, 1776. NOVEMBER, 1958 K A I DAD

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We stopped at the village store for series of little pools. Watercress soon stances. Truly this is a paradise for cold drinks, and then continued along takes root on these little rims of lime- the camera hounds. the trail which follows Cataract Creek stone—and the result is a series of In another half mile we came to downstream toward the Colorado turquoise pools rimmed with the deep Havasu Falls, formerly known as River. green foliage of the plants. Bridal Veil Falls. Higher than Navajo, As we continued on a trail that Before long we could hear the roar the stream here breaks up into several contoured the hillside we were look- of falling water, and as we rounded rivulets which spray down over the ing down on the tumbling stream much a sharp bend we saw the stream tum- travertine face in an ever changing of the time—and the pictures we saw ble 100 feet over the brink of Navajo pattern. as we rounded each bend of the path Falls. In the formation of Navajo as The lime in the water is constantly would delight a color photographer. well as the other falls in Cataract Can- being deposited to form fantastic ap- Where the current slows down, the yon, Mother Nature was good to the rons of rock. Actually the process lime particles in the solution, being photographers. With a minimum of here is much the same as in the for- heavier than the water, sink to the effort, well-composed views of the mation of stalactites in limestone cav- bottom and build little dikes which stream as it tumbles over its traver- erns. Each drop of water as it falls or eventually rise above the surface of tine wall can be obtained from above drips down the face of the falls leaves the stream at low water, forming a or below or from a dozen oblique behind a tiny residue of limestone— and as this goes on year after year a Hualapai Hilltop, where the road ends. Here Indian packers meet incoming great vertical tapestry of stone is being visitors with pack and saddle animals. The trail is down Hualapai Canyon formed—and is ever changing. Hava- in the background. Distance to Supai Village eight miles. su Canyon is one of the few places where the great stone crust of the earth is still in the making. A half mile below Havasu Falls is a little natural park shaded by cotton- wood and ash trees, and it is here that Joe Wampler maintains a permanent camp. There is a little cook shack with an outdoor fireplace, tables and benches—and a gong to summon the guests to chow. I am sure that no campers ever en- joyed better meals than were served to us in Havasu Canyon. Maurine Peterson, who presides in the camp kitchen, holds a master's degree in zo- ology at the University of Idaho and a master's degree in public health at Michigan—and I would be in favor of granting her a master's degree also in camp cooking. She prefers the out- doors to the classroom — hence her service with the Wampler organiza- tion. Her assistant was Martha (Mar-

10 DESERT MAGAZINE One day we hiked to Mooney Falls, three-quarters of a mile below camp. Here a stairway trail, partly through a tunnel, descends through die traver- tine face of the waterfall. These falls are said to have been named for a prospector who many years before the trail was carved out of the rock, tried to descend with a rope, and was killed. Three miles below Mooney is Bea- ver Falls, which really is a glorified cascade. Uranium prospectors, with the consent of the Indians, had been in this canyon, and at one place a steel ladder extended 200 feet up the face of the cliff to a little tunnel that had been abandoned because it did not yield sufficient pay ore. We were in and through the Indian village many times on our hiking trips, and I enjoyed a visit with Victor Col- lins, who has been stationed in Supai village seven years as agent for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Collins is hoping that the Bureau will come in and install a water-wheel for power, and other facilities to replace the crude irrigation system which serves about 300 acres of fertile soil in the bottom of the canyon. Collins told me that several of the Indians left the canyon to take jobs in distant white communities under the direction of the Indian Placement Reed Watahomagie, grandson of a office. But among all those who left, former Havasupai chieftain, who only two stayed with their jobs. The manages the Indian cooperative Joe Wampler, archeologist, moun- others have all returned to their homes enterprises. taineer and guide, who prefers the in Supai village. outdoors to the classroom. Indian farming is rather haphazard. erative organization, and with some The soil is fertile on the floor of the help from Uncle Sam, have acquired canyon, and the water supply ample. modern farming tools to take the place ty) Ellis, a college girl earning vaca- Also, the Indians, through their coop- of the primitive utensils formerly used. tion money. Marty was doing the job once classified as camp flunky—but in the teenage vernacular of today she was serving as pot-walloper. Any- way, she did the job well, and enter- tained us in the evenings with her guitar. The water in Cataract Creek is drinkable despite its heavy lime con- tent, but a little spring near the camp provided clear water which we pre- ferred. Our five days in the bottom of the canyon were taken up with hiking and exploration. There are numberless points of interest both in the canyon and on the high rims above. With Joe as guide we climbed some of the foot trails—some of them too steep for riding animals, but not too difficult for hikers. Many of the wildflowers were in blossom in May, salmon mallow predominating, but we also saw Indian paintbrush, Prince's plume, monkey flowers and fleabane.

The photographer gave these Supai children a package of dates.

NOVEMBER, 1958 11 But the Supai are better horsemen packers and wranglers — and as the Frame houses have replaced the than farmers — at least they prefer barometer of tourist prosperity rises, brush shacks which the Supai occu- livestock to the toil of plowing, culti- the barometer of farm activity has pied before Uncle Sam became in- vating and irrigating. The increasing fallen. The two panniers filled with terested in their welfare. tourist travel into the canyon now fresh store bread are symbolic of the brings them a substantial income as changing way of life in Havasu Can- yon. Unfortunately, the tourist indus- try is not a year-around source of income, and when the pack animals are idle in winter, many of the Indian families go on relief rolls. Evidently some of the clothing gath- Hard Rock Shorty ered by charity organizations for dis- tribution to needy Indians reaches of Death Valley Supai village. I saw some of it—on scarecrows placed in the fields to keep die birds away from the grain crops. From the porch of the Inferno chickens. 'Ain't no sense goin' I am sure it was gift clothing, for Hav- without fresh meat,' he ex- asupai women are rather plump—and store a cloud of dust could be none of them could have worn some seen moving rapidly down the plained, 'when chickens is so easy to raise.' of those sleek, willowy dresses which valley. adorned the scarecrows. "Visitor comin'," remarked "So he had a cage o' Plymouth Hard Rock Shorty. Rocks shipped out to Barstow, Under the guidance of the Indian an' the day they wuz to arrive Bureau officials, the Indians in Hav- A few minutes later a big dust- he drove his oF jalopy down to asu operate a very effective coopera- covered automobile stopped in the railroad to pick 'em up. He tive — Havasupai Indian Enterprises. front of the gas pump and the put the crate with the chickens The Indians, by democratic procedure, driver sauntered toward the on the back end o' the car. select one of their members as man- porch steps. "Looked purty dark down ager, and operate the store, and pro- "Think it'll rain?" he asked south, an' Bill figgered the rain'd vide pack and riding stock, and lim- as he glanced along the row of catch up with him if he didn't ited hotel accommodations, for tourists. old-timers seated on the wooden hurry. His oF lizzy'd only go bench. 27 miles an hour, but he stepped Shorty squinted up at the dark on the throttle, and kept jest Supai Tourist Information. patch of clouds overhead. "Prob- ahead of the storm all the way in. ably will," he conceded, "but I "When he got to Inferno he For those who may sooner or later wish to visit the canyon of the Supai cain't tell yu where. These des- rolled under the shed over there Indians, complete information as to ert storms comes in spots an' with the cloudburst pcltin' the saddle and pack animals, and accom- has clean edges. They does funny road jest behind him. Didn't get modations in Supai village may be things sometimes. a drop o' water on hisself—but obtained by writing to Havasupai Tourist Information, Supai, Arizona. "I'll tell yu what I mean, when he went around to unload Mail goes into the canyon by pack stranger. One summer Pisgah the chickens they wuz all animal twice a week. There is also Bill decided to raise a flock o' drowned," telephone service to tbc village.

12 DESERT MAGAZINE Manager of the Enterprises is Reed Watahomagie, a bright well-educated young man whose grandfather, before his death, was chief of the 240 tribal members. When a request comes in by mail or telephone for riding ponies and pack animals for a visiting tourist group, Reed's job is to make sure the required number of animals with wranglers are at Hilltop when the motorists arrive there for their trail trip down to the village. The little school house built by the Indian Bureau in Supai is no longer being used. It cost the Bureau $35,- 000 a year to operate the school, and it was found more economical to keep the Indian children in boarding school at Phoenix and elsewhere. Opinion among the tribesmen is divided as to whether they would prefer to have their children in a local school, or lodged at the boarding schools out- side. Sweathouse in Havasupai Canyon. The stones in the foreground are heated We found Joe Wampler a very co- and carried into the dugout and dashed with water—a crude form of steam operative guide and camp manager, bath. The sweathouse also serves as club rendezvous for the Indian men. and I was interested in learning why a man well qualified for a college pro- by the Indian women. Havasu women gather in the afternoons to lounge and fessorship should chose to follow the are experts at basketry, but only a few gossip—and I have no doubt some of hectic career of wrangling dudes in the of them are working at it, and because the laughter is related to the business High Sierras and other out-of-the-way the supply is limited, the prices are of wrangling eccentric dudes down the places. In addition to his Havasu rather high. I can say in behalf of trail which leads into this canyon Canyon schedule, he conducts trips on the Indians, however, that they are shangri-la. the Muir Trail each summer, also a not devoting as much time to gambling Not all the visitors come to Supai "leisure camp" in the Sierras, a "fish- as they were 16 years ago. by the Peach Springs route. Another erman's special" in the Santa Lucia According to the anthropologists, road leads from Grand Canyon to an- Mountains out of Carmel, California, the Supai are of Yuman stock, having other hilltop terminal at Topocoba, and two annual trips to Barranca del left the Colorado River valleys and and from there it is 14 miles by trail Cobre in Mexico. migrated to the northern Arizona pla- to Supai village. The Indian packers Joe is a native of the Shenandoah teau perhaps as long ago as 800 A.D, will meet visitors at either hilltop, if Valley in Virginia. He was forced to Like the Indians along the Colorado, arrangements have been made ahead leave college in his home state because the Supai do not have the elaborate of time. of an eye ailment. He came to Cali- ceremonials of the pueblo Indians fur- But whether from Hualapai or To- ther east. Since there are no kivas in pocoba Hilltop, the trip to the Supai fornia, and when medical treatment the Supai settlement, the men use the had cleared up his problem of vision, village and the magnificent waterfalls sweathouse, a mud-covered dugout, of Cataract Canyon is a never-to-be- he entered the University at Berkeley. as a sort of club house. There they As an interlude in his college training forgotten experience. he had an opportunity to go to Pales- tine on an archeological expedition Much of the material for this mission building in Havasupai Canyon was arranged by the Pacific School of Re- brought in by helicopter. ligion. After three of these Holy Land expeditions he returned to the Pacific School of Religion to complete his college work and get his master's de- gree. He was well prepared for a scholas- tic career, but the call of the outdoors was more insistent than that of the classroom and in 1950 he organized his first trail trip—over the 189-mile Muir Trail in the California Sierras. Year by year the popularity of his Trail Trips has increased and he keeps adding more outings to his schedule. There isn't time in a week to cover all the trails in and bordering Havasu Canyon, nor to become well acquainted with the tribesmen there, but it was a satisfying outing in every way. One day we went to the village to obtain some of the hand-woven baskets made

NOVEMBER, 1958 13 The University of New Mexico's Kiva Club — students who help fellow Indians bridge the gap— From Pueblo to Classroom

By LaVON TEETER

Part-time job with Bureau of Indian Affairs resulted from skills Billl Garcia learned in college. Looking over his work is Engineer John T. Finley. At left Bill and Mae Paul Scott, a Navajo, in their Nizhoni Dance costumes.

HE YOUNG Navajo's brown name from the ceremonial chambers ored cultures glow with the brightness fists were clenched at his side of Southwest tribesmen, but it differs of a ceremonial fire. This spirit reaches 7 as he looked around the strange in that it welcomes palefaces and fe- out to all visiting Indian celebrities. college dormitory. Many times before males, has no secrets, and is dedicated When Pop-Chalee, noted Indian artist, he had left his reservation and family to the advanced education of the In- came to Albuquerque last spring to to attend Indian schools, but this uni- dian. Organized five years ago, today lecture for the Y.W.C.A., members of versity—this place where he was to its membership numbers 60. Although the Kiva Club were on hand to wel- get a higher education-—was entirely any interested person may join, the come her, and serve as ushers at her a white man's world! majority of its members are Indian performance. Was it for this aching loneliness in students who represent almost every Indian students tell me that they the heart of an Indian youth sur- tribe in the state as well as the Sioux, will always remember their first days rounded by hundreds of white teachers Hopi and others from outside New at the University, and the warm spot and pupils that he had dreamed and Mexico. they have in their hearts for the Kiva prayed and worked and sacrificed? On campus the club functions as a Club. It gives them their own people Was it for this his tribe had so proudly welcoming agent, an economic and to aid in an adjustment which, at best, sent him to the University of New social helper, and an inspirational con- is naturally slow, and, at worst, causes Mexico? tact for a minority group which must newcomers to quit and drop out of Then, from the open doorway came make a difficult adjustment to the non- school. It provides elder brothers to magic words: "Yaheh-teh! Yaheh-teh!" Indian world. Off campus Kiva de- encourage them to stay at a dormitory, Hello! Hello! Words hard and gut- votes its time and talents to encourag- mingle with others, and to study; to tural to others, but to him warm and ing younger Indian boys and girls to extend financial help in the form of friendly! Sweet as the Night Way seek a college education, and to mak- scholarships, loans and part-time jobs; Ceremony! Sweet and familiar and ing one possible. and to offer needed recreational activ- kind, melting the frightening aloneness. Whether members are electing their ities. Another Navajo! A fellow student representative to the Student Senate, I found it interesting and worth- here to welcome him, to make him decorating a prize-winning Homecom- while to attend some of the Kiva meet- feel at home, to explain, advise, en- ing float depicting an exciting phase ings, and hear speakers familiar with courage and understand. Suddenly, of Indian life, handing out scholar- the Indian's problems of adjustment the sun, stars and moon were right ships, hosting visiting pueblo groups, and adaptation. We heard from In- again—thanks to the Kiva Club. or talking with quiet earnestness to dian Bureau and United Pueblo Coun- The Kiva Club at the University of Indian School graduates, pride of race cil spokesmen, faculty members, and New Mexico in Albuquerque takes its and the desire to preserve time-hon- older students like Edmund Ladd, a

14 DESERT MAGAZINE Zuni graduate in anthropology who San Ildefonso Pueblo tribesmen perform the Comanche Dance, a ceremony believes "No race has ever risen above borrowed from the fierce nomadic Comanches. the height and breadth of its leader- ship." however. Most of the pueblos need tion as a solution to the problems of While chili, tamales and Indian com the help of the Kiva Club. my people," he said. "I hope someday are being enjoyed at party get-togeth- First Kiva president was Hampton to sit in the tribal council myself." ers, students discuss the need for better Haozous, a Chiricahua Apache whose Charlie DeJoie, a Navajo, is another educational opportunities and more grandfather fought with Geronimo. Indian boy who came to the Univer- scholarships for their people. Informa- Hampton joined the Marines at 16. sity and became active in the Kiva tion concerning the availability of such In 1951 he was discharged, and en- Club. In 1949 he was given an all- aid is passed on to others to help in- rolled in the University. "I see educa- expense scholarship to Exeter Acad- crease the number of Indians attend- ing colleges and universities. Dr. W. W. Hill, chairman of anthro- pology at UNM, serves as advisor to the club. A better man for the job could not be found. During a discus- sion concerning a lagging fund raising project, Dr. Hill quietly and effectively settled the matter by saying, "Of course you will finish the drive on time—if I have to sell the whole anthropology department down the river to get needed help!" That's the kind of talk the students understand and like. Of the 18 pueblos in New Mexico, few are in a financial position to offer adequate assistance to their young people seeking higher educations. La- guna, with money accumulated from leased mining rights on its land grant, is in the process of working out such an aid program. The Tribal Council for the nation's largest tribe, the Nav- ajo, wealthy from uranium and oil leases, has set aside $100,000 in scholarships. These are exceptions,

Spirited Apache Devil Dancers per- form at the Kiva Club's Nizhoni Indian Dances.

NOVEMBER, J958 15 emy in New Hampshire, and was and authenticity. Over 200 dancers throughout the Southwest. Kiva Club graduated with such high honors the from the reservations and pueblos hopes to promote a joint meeting with Tribal Council gave him a $1300 an- gather at the university as guests of Indian clubs at the University of Ari- nual scholarship to attend the Univer- the Kiva Club. They set up an Indian zona, Brigham Young in Utah, and sity. The Navajos chose wisely in village, tour the campus, and, when Arizona State. When such a meeting bringing this boy from hogan to class- night comes, perform in the dances. is held it will be a gathering of young room. "My only purpose in getting an It is a night of thrills! Religious, people not only proud of their heritage education is to help my people," he social and ceremonial dances that are and determined to preserve their an- said. centuries old. Flying feathers over cient cultures, but also bravely and Last year Kenneth Hailstorm, for- buckskins and buffalo hides. Beating realistically accepting the challenge of mer UNM student from the Acoma drums! Ceremonial chants! Dance securing higher education for the In- Pueblo, was one of 200 Navy volun- after dance offers two hours of en- dian youth of today. teers to spend 14 months in Antarctica, chantment and a marvelous oppor- "We are happy to dance, or sing, where living was "like being in a bottle tunity to understand and appreciate or work, or do anything else that will of milk." Kenneth is now an instructor ancient cultures. help bring degrees to our people," in a San Diego sonar school. The Nizhoni Dances not only use these students tell me. An increasing number of young In- skilled performers from the pueblos, And they do not forget that Yaheh- dian women appear on the roster. Two but also pupils from the state's two teh! Yaheh-teh! to the strangers among Zuni girls, from a tribe where this is Indian schools at Albuquerque and them is often the timely greeting that against all tradition, are university Santa Fe. Sometimes small children bridges the gap between pueblo and coeds. A Navajo girl, Shirley Arviso, is from the Jemez and San luan pueblos' campus—that makes brown fists un- in the graduating class. She majored in day schools display the steps of the clench and Indian minds and hearts bacteriology. Sunset Martinez, grand- Deer Dance. Professional Indian dan- open to receive this precious gift of daughter of Maria the Potter, was a cers often donate their services. Tony higher education. student. Dorothy Aquilar, a Tewa White Cloud, who has performed in from the San Ildefonso Pueblo, took Madison Square Garden and Europe, work at the University under a $500 is a featured attraction. DESERT SURVIVAL RULES scholarship awarded by Gaylord Phil- The beautiful Navajo Sunrise Song, LISTED BY YUMA SHERIFF anthropies, Inc. These scholarships which opens the Nizhoni Indian Yuma County Sheriff's Office has are maintained to train leaders needed Dances, usually is sung by Ed Lee drawn up a list of 9 "desert travel by Indian groups. Ford Foundation Natay from Canyon de Chelly. Tribes- don't" which it hopes will prevent scholarships also have been given to men employed by the Bureau of In- further loss of life among persons mak- some Indian students. dian Affairs have performed the Peace ing desert outings in that area: Although all tribes encourage stu- Pipe Dance of the Plains Indians. (1) Don't forget to tell someone dents who secure a higher education Laughing Eyes, a Zuni, and Clarence what area you are going to and when to return to their people, the Navajos Taptuka, Hopi, nationally known In- you expect to return. are the only ones who make this a dian singers, have been soloists. (2) Don't start out unless your car stipulation. I had only to hear many The Nizhoni Dances convinced me is dependable. young Indian students speak of what that the Kiva Club has found a most (3) Don't leave your car if you interests them most, however, to learn appropriate and charming way to help break down. Stay with it. that most are returning voluntarily to the cause of Indian education. No (4) Don't forget to take an extra their pueblos and reservations. They wonder every member is proud and supply of water, gasoline, food, are interested in sanitation, welfare joyful as the dollars, sometimes several matches, etc. services, Indian attitudes toward ris- thousand, are received. As for the (a) Don't waste your water. ing problems, local government, the participants, one of them expressed the (b) Don't forget to build a smoke tribesmen's bewilderment over non- common feeling when he said, "We feel well paid for our efforts when we fire, preferably of greasewood. Indian rules and regulations, and the (5) Don't forget to take a white indifference among their own people know it means another son or daughter from our pueblo will go to college." sheet or canvas to spread on the which they must fight. ground. It can be spotted easily from In the last five years the Kiya Club Yes, Kiva Club is proud—but not the air. has given over 20 scholarships. A satisfied! It goes on planning bigger committee evaluates the applications, and better events. If a beautiful dance (6) Don't forget to leave some vis- working with University officials. "At festival is a wonderful method of rais- ible sign of direction if you are forced the present time," explained a Kiva ing money for scholarships, why to leave your car. spokesman, "practically every quali- wouldn't a beautiful song festival be (a) Don't forget to make markings fied applicant can get a scholarship, equally wonderful? The current Kiva with rock pointing in direction taken. but we foresee difficulties as the num- aspiration is to put on a music festival (b) Don't forget to take pencil ber increases." —Indian folk songs and music, with and paper (or even rags) to write The club's earnest desire to help a narrator to explain their meanings. valuable information on. every worthy Indian who wishes to Kiva, in spite of commercial temp- (7) Don't send your partner in for attend UNM has led to a fund raising tations, keeps its spirit as true as the help. We want him to live too. feature unique enough to attract an pueblos maintain their ancient dances. (8) Don't start walking under any audience not only from the school and It consistently refuses to add anything conditions unless you are positive you its environs, but from the whole South- to its repertoire that is not in absolute- can make it back to civilization. We west as well. This is the Nizhoni In- ly authentic Indian tradition. No know from past experience that even dian Dances held on campus every crowning of queens! No ads! No bor- a man that is sure of his surroundings spring. rowing of the white man's glamour seldom gets back alive. "Nizhoni means beautiful," the Nav- tricks! (9) Don't get excited or panicky in ajo students told me, and no word can Kiva Club is the only one of its kind your desolation. It makes the heat less better describe these cooperative in New Mexico, but similar organiza- bearable and the chances are good that dances put on in all their lovely color tions are springing up and growing we will find you.

16 DESERT MAGAZINE Pueblo Portraits By JOHN L. BLACKFORD

Pueblo belle of San Ildefonso. Her village is on the east bank of the Rio Grande a few miles north of Santa Fe. San Ildefonso is noted for the skill of its artists and pottery craftsmen.

NOVEMBER, 1 958 17 Mojave Desert Opal Diggings

Here's a desert outing for folks whose outdoor interests are varied Trail in the pass between Opal and —a weekend field trip on which collecting gem stones, studying ancient Black mountains plunges sharply Indian petroglyphics, examining old mining relics, and other activities down to Black Canyon. all can be enjoyed- By HAROLD O. WEIGHT best viewed along the wandering twin- Map by Norton Allen ruts of the Coolgardie Road. Coolgardie's most enduring monu- N 1940 AND 1941 I spent my that if we delayed too long, we might ments are the great mounds of rock every free day following trails never go. The Armed Services are and gravel on the brushy slopes — and byways of the Opal Moun- attempting to absorb this wonderful mute reminders of the massive back- tain-Black Canyon country northwest land into their already grossly-over- breaking labor that is the basis of all of Barstow, California, and collecting stuffed multi-million acre super-empire mining. The dry-placer camp was nodules, jasper and opal there. For which has sealed off most of this part named for the famous diggings in in addition to rockhunting, there is of the Mojave—-including the Naval Australia. Its gold, according to Cali- endless fascination in this Mojave Ordnance Test Station, Edwards Air fornia state geologists, came from the Desert wonderland for anyone with a Force Base, Camp Irwin and the Cud- same ancient river bed that left rich trace of interest in archeology, geol- deback Range. And we knew that if deposits at Summit Diggings, Goler ogy, botany, photography, hiking and they succeeded, it probably would be Wash and Red Rock Canyon. Mining mining history. closed to the ordinary American citi- began in 1900, and a number of men Since World War II, every time we zen for the rest of our lives. were still working before World War sighted Opal Mountain—and it is an Their failure so far has been due II. ancient landmark visible great dis- to the law sponsored by Congressman At that time it seemed every foot tances and from many places—I re- Engle which forces the military to of ground was owned, and the miners membered the gemstones I had found. obtain Congressional approval for any were extremely touchy about trespass Then I would tell Lucile about the big grab. Currently the Navy is seek- abuses. On our recent trip we stopped natural wonders and man-made curi- ing 250 square miles in the Opal to photograph the tin roof of a col- osities there. Mountain, Black Canyon and Moun- lapsed cabin bearing the words "Old "But," I invariably concluded, "the tain, Inscription Canyon and Superior Coolgardie Camp." This cabin was geodes and jasper probably are all Valley area. Conservation societies, standing, though dilapidated, on my gone now." the Western Mining Council and San last previous visit, with a sign on it And — invariably — Lucile would Bernardino County Supervisors are I've always remembered: protest: "But, undoubtedly the Indian standing firm against the request. petroglyphs are still there! And the The route we followed from Bar- "NOTICE—Since '25 this cabin is opat mines, the tufa cliffs and the stow last spring •— along old Cave claimed by me to be within the S.E, lava flows! Let's go and see!" one-quarter of the S.E. one-quarter Springs (now Camp Irwin) Road to of S. 32.—Nothing but a legal survey So in April of this year, with Laura the Superior Valley Road, then on disproving it will be accepted. All and Buren Briggs, publishers of Twen- the Coolgardie Trail—is not the best line-stepping, marker-changing non- tynine Palms' newspaper, The Desert or the shortest, but it has always been working sneaking rats KEEP AWAY." Trail, we went—partly to satisfy Lu- my favorite. About a dozen miles cile's curiosity, partly because this from Barstow it enters one of the finest We saw no evidence of recent oper- spring was a spectacular desert flower- Joshua forests on the Mojave—tower- ations there this spring, but since the ing season and we wanted to see the ing giants truly arboreal in appearance, owner's name was freshly painted on upper Mojave in bloom. with massive straight trunks, stout the collapsed cabin, the same condi- But, most of all, we were afraid branches and thick crowns. They are tions—and feelings—may still exist.

18 DESERT MAGAZINE Six miles southwest of Cooigardie we joined the main road from Hinkley, improved about 1947 to a pumice quarry. But we left it almost immedi- ately, since the road we sought—up to the pass between Opal and Black mountains—branches west from it just north of where we came in. This quarry road from Hinkley is the best and most direct route to Opal Moun- tain — especially recommended for low-clearance cars. The Mojave around Barstow was indeed sharing in the spring's great flowering. The displays multiplied as we drove on. The air became scented with perfume, and we passed through great gardens of many-colored blooms. We negotiated the last four-tenths mile up and down a steep ridge and past an old loading frame into the little valley between Opal Mountain Peak and the flow-cliffs of Black Mountain. When I first came here, Still the prize in the author's Opal Mountain collection is this four and a in the spring of 1940, I was guided half by five and a half by eight-inch nodule-log, collected 18 years ago. by Marion A. Speer—the man who opened this area for the rockhounds As for the jasper on the Black We turned right, up Black Canyon, and led hundreds of them into it. Most Mountain side—only the surface has to examine some of the old opal mines. collectors know him, or know of him, been scratched. It is possible to find Common opal is found many places since he is a real pioneer in our good pieces even in areas actively on both sides of Opal Mountain. Some hobby. worked. And on that trip and two is pretty and will cut small stones, but "After I was transferred to Califor- we have made since, I dug out gem the mining rush here early in the cen- nia by the Texas Company in 1925," jasper — banded, moss and some tury was for precious opal. Charles Speer told me recently, "I met a man plume, in reds, yellows, lavenders, Orcutt, pioneer California mineralo- in the Cadys who recalled seeing some greens and browns-—better than any gist, described its occurrence here. peculiar rocks in the Opal Mountain I found 18 years before. But, if it does exist there is no re- country. I went to find them. With the day passing rapidly, we corded production, and the miners "The bald face of Opal Mountain loaded our rocks, returned to the main who trenched and dug failed to find was my guide. I started north from road, and followed it over the divide. it in paying quantities. Hinkley in an old Dodge and finally Here it plunges down a ridge to the It is legendary that Tiffany & Co., reached Opal Mountain and pros- floor of a Black Cany cm tributary. New York, mined gem opal in Black pected out the geodes. Jeeps and high pickups will have no Canyon. A 1954 newspaper story "My second trip was in 1927. We trouble with this ridge route. Other- said Tiffany had found a $2000 stone camped two nights, digging geodes wise it is for experienced rough-road there "recently." I could never find from the wall to the north. Since then drivers, and down-hill is advised. confirmation of these yarns, and Mar- right to the present, I have been tak- Entering Black Canyon, the road ion Speer, who contacted the Tiffany ing people out there." branches. The left fork goes directly people, declares: "They told me they down to Harper Lake and Hinkley. thought the geology was right for Speer first displayed some of his precious opal—as I do—and that they rocks and the historical relics of boom Once this was a bad sandy road up- grade. Now, apparently, most of the had spent $90,000 there, but had never camps, freight lines, mining enterprises, found fire opal." frontier trails and railroads at a little year it is a good often-used route for museum building in Huntington Beach. entering the canyon. I have never seen evidence of a $90- Today the Western Trails Museum— the result of 300,000 miles of wander- Buren Briggs and Lucile Weight examine the collapsed ghost of old Cooi- ing and collecting—is a prime attrac- gardie, early Mojave dry-placer camp. Opal Mountain is at upper left. tion at Ghost Town, Knott's Berry Farm, Buena Park. Except for a few on exhibit, Speer has given away all the nodules and geodes collected in Opal Mountain. On our trip to Opal Mountain this spring we found no complete nodules on the tertiary side, though pieces of chalcedony, opal and matrix could be picked up almost everywhere. But, a few minutes shovel work produced two fair sized whole nodules, which seemed to bear out Marion Speer's insistence: "There are plenty of good ones left—you just have to dig!"

NOVEMBER, 1958 000 mining expenditure in Black Can- From the dugout we turned back breeze swayed the tall stems, we had yon. The most enduring ghost of that down the canyon. Black Canyon, with the feeling we were suspended on this era of lost dreams is the sturdily con- lava cliffs and flows overlying sheer flowery sea. structed semidugout of the American tufas and contorted sedimentaries, is Gilias were the blossoms creating Opal Company, cut in the tufa about spectacular enough to reward any vis- the mass color—some with stems over one mile up from the Opal Mountain itor. And besides, it has been a trail- three feet tall—growing like planted road junction. In the '40s it some- way since the first dusky desert travel- grain. And carpeting the ground be- times was referred to as the mystery ers passed this way. In several places neath them we found verbena, white hut, and this spring I was surprised they left pctroglyph memorials. About evening primrose, small golden prim- to find "Scout Cove" painted on the six and four-tenths miles down from rose, Baileya, owl clover and larkspur. stone door arch. There is no mystery the Opal Mountain branch, we stopped As we drove on, the car lights about the dugout, and the Scouts in the narrows to photograph a par- played on masses of gently swaying didn't build it. Once on that same ticularly fine group to which Marion blossoms, adding to the unreal atmos- door was printed: "American Opat Speer had introduced me in 1940. phere. But the dream became a night- Company, 1910." It was dusk when we reached the mare when I tried to follow the old Personally, I am very fond of that canyon mouth. There the greatest road across Harper Dry Lake to dugout. One day in 1941 I arrived thrill of the trip was waiting. We Black's Ranch ruins. There had been here before daylight, and began dig- thought we had seen mass blooming heavy rain and runoffs on the lake, ging in the opal veins to the west. I on the other side of Black Mountain, and we detoured along streams look- paid no attention to the intensifying but here, between its southern base ing for crossings, splashed along mud- heat, and at noon was struck with alt and Harper Lake, and stretching east dy ruts, and sometimes searched with the symptoms of heat exhaustion. I and west as far as we could see, was flashlight to determine where the road crawled into the dugout, soaked my a sheet of pate blue-lavender like some ran. Finally we cut a new road and head, and then relaxed in its rela- other-world ocean. Hardly believing reached Hinkley. Next trip, to pho- tive coolness until the sun was gone. all these square miles could be flowers, tograph the flower-sea, we found quite When I felt able to move, I drove we drove among them and stopped. a good road around the lake to the back to Barstow. The perfume was heady, and as a canyon mouth. Principally because of its remark- sV able petroglyphs, an effort is underway to make this region a state park. Cer- tainly these historical treasures should be preserved. United support of the great mass of rock collectors would Old American Opal Co. be helpful here. However—we are Dugout -"Scout's Cove" only too well aware that often the first move after establishing such a park, for whatever purpose, is to for- bid rock collecting; and that some conservation leaders have been par- ticularly outspoken against rock col- lectors. Perhaps in the future these groups will reach an understanding, and unite in true and effective conservation of the many features of our desert wilder- ness which desperately need defense. In the meantime, certainly we can agree with the spirit of the sign posted in Black Canyon by the Archeological Survey Association of Southern Cali- fornia : "This is Black Canyon, a very special and beautiful part of South- ern California. Three cultures of In- dians have lived here: One very old with primitive tools; another not as old; the last may have known the first Spaniards. They all have left their drawings on these walls . . . "They are fascinating to study. Do not chalk them. Color or ordinary film will show more than your eye can see, especially in the morning or afternoon. "Do not shoot the wild burTos or take home turtles — live in peace with this extraordinary place. It is filled with charming ghosts and has brighter stars than other canyons. Ask the old homesteaders who lived iloVICTORVtLLE here.

20 DESERT MAGAZINE "And please do not injure or at- tempt to break out these rock draw- ings. The Antiquities act says NO. It also says $500 and-or ninety days. "The undersigned will go all out to bring to trial anybody thoughtless enough to injure or steal these and other antiquities. We hope you will help us too." And to that every desert lover — rockhound and conservationist—must say: "Amen!"

American Opal Company's dugout still stands: This photo was taken by Lou Wescott Beck early in the century when the company was operating. Dog is the famous Rufus of Death Val- ley, said to have saved many men from desert heat.

Inscription Canyon con- tains spectacular collection of ancient petroglyphs.

NOVEMBER, 1958 21 The people who do these things I am sure that after one of our should live on our desert, and learn summer rains a close observer who how important our birds are to us— savvys rattlesnakes can go into the how trusting and pleasant they are. desert and find where rattlesnakes have Perhaps desert dwellers should follow been — if he can't locate the actual Old Fort Davis—In 1928 . . . these offenders to their homes, shoot snakes. their pets, and despoil their front Rattlesnakes are timid creatures. Arnolds Park, Iowa yards. Desert: They know predators are on the prowl, I recognized the photograph of Fort Wildlife is so scarce in this canyon, both on the ground and in the air, Davis in my July Desert Magazine the the area should be made into a pre- and they stay under cover most of the moment I saw it. serve. time. They never travel over hot Thirty years ago—in 1928—another MRS. WILLIAM C. SEIDEL ground, and if one thinks it is unseen, locksmith and I drove up to the old • • • it won't bother you. If you see the snake first you have the best of the fort, and I took a picture of much the More Snakes Than You Think . . . same scene that appeared in the mag- encounter. My advice is to kill it. azine. Comparing the two, 1 can see Winterhaven, California ED ROCHESTER there has not been much restoration Desert: work done on the buildings. I have wandered over the Colorado I still travel with my work, and Desert for 50 years, and have seen a A Popular Desert Drink . . . have chances to see many interesting lot of rattlesnakes—both sidewinders Tucson, Arizona things. and diamondbacks — in that time. Desert: WAYNE VADER While I agree with your editorial com- 1 greatly enjoyed the article, "Edi- • • • ment {Desert, June '58) that many ble Plants That Grow Along the Des- Vandals Wreck Corn Springs . . . areas probably have more rattlesnakes than the desert, I feel we shouldn't ert Trails" by Dr. Edmund C. Jaeger Aztec Well near give the newcomer the idea that rattle- (Desert, August, 1958). Desert Center, California snakes are accidental out here. Ephedra or Mormon Tea, aside from Desert: being a refreshing stimulant, enjoys Those who love beauty would hang I doubt if there is a mountain range considerable use as a diuretic. their heads in shame if they could see or a valley in Imperial or the desert Corn Springs today. Vandals have end of Riverside county where I The popularity of this plant is evi- disgraced the earth. They have used haven't seen rattlesnakes. Our recent denced by the host of synonyms and the well for an outhouse; carved and 10-year drouth was hard on the snakes appellations showered upon it: team- cut the nearby trees; strewn tin cans; as well as on all other forms of life, ster's tea, squaw tea, Brigham tea, shot the wildlife watering trough full but I have evidence that some of the Canatillo, popotillo, tepopote, jointfir, of holes (we at Aztec Well are hauling snakes survived: this afternoon on the jointpine, shrubby horsetail, Mexican water to Corn Springs in barrels for mesa west of Winterhaven I killed a tea, and desert tea. One may call it by the wildlife); and in complete disre- four-foot rattler, and last week a any name they wish; it will still have spect for "no hunting" signs, have friend's dog died from a rattlesnake the same desert flavor. killed or crippled many little birds. bite. HUGH B. SLOAN

a Cowboy, Too!" (July '56), and Bernardino, California, an outstand- "Land of the Luminaries" (Dec. '55). ing photographer (see Pictures of the * * « Month on back cover), was honored Since May, 1957 — when his last by the Photographic Society of Amer- story appeared in Desert Magazine— ica at its recent annual convention in popular desert writer Harold Weight Philadelphia. Col. Novak's "The Fas- of Twentynine Palms, California, has cinating Desert," a group of 100 color been a very busy man. In addition to transparencies and a 30-minute taped The meaningful essay, "Silence — his regular duties as a local librarian, commentary, won the Society's 1958 the Desert's Most Precious Gift," is Weight is working on several magazine Photo Essay competition. the work of Eleanor Nadeau Fowler features—which is good news to read- * * * of Kimberly, Idaho. Mother of three ers. His "Mojave Desert Opal Dig- Well-known Southwestern artist sons, active in church and community gings" appears in this issue of Desert. Amorita Hood, whose paintings bear work, and an avid gardener, Mrs. "Lucile and I have been concen- the signature, Amor lta, recently Fowler has written mainly for family trating largely on gathering material turned author for Desert Magazine. magazines. Her specialty is humorous and photographs during the past 18 Her feature story, "Snakes Are His situations incidental to raising boys. months," he writes. "In our free time Friends," appeared in our September She also has written many inspirational we've gone on about four successful issue. articles for religious magazines, lost mine hunts (successful because She is a native of Colorado where • • * * we got the story and pictures, not be- she studied art at the Colorado Wom- With La Von Teeter writing is a cause we found any gold!). We also an's College at Denver. In the ensu- hobby—it has to be. "I find it a full have been tracing and photographing ing years Mrs. Hood has studied and time job to be wife, mother and chauf- the routes of some early desert expe- painted in Western art colonies from feur—the latter occupation taking up ditions. And, we've worked on old Laguna Beach to Santa Fe. At present newspaper files in the California State, she resides in Wickenburg, Arizona. more and more of my time as the Nevada State and San Bernardino children grow older." Mrs. Teeter is County libraries, and several others." Among her most successful oil author of this month's "From Pueblo paintings is the Hassayampa River to Classroom." Previous Desert arti- • * * scene that hangs in the wardroom of cles include "Red Ryder's Creator Is Lt. Colonel Jack C. Novak of San the U.S.S. Hassayampa.

22 DESERT MAGAZINE HISTORIC PANORAMAS By JOSEF and JOYCE MUENCH

Built on a hillside, once-prosperous Jerome overlooks the Verde Valley.

The nation's largest ghost mining "city" has about 250 self-styled "liv- ing ghosts." Organized into a histori- cal society, with membership swelled to over 1000 by sympathetic visitors, they are certainly making the most of what less vigorous folk might consider a bad situation. The town, at 5435 feet above sea level, clings to the side of Mingus Mountain in the Black Hills. Arizona State Highway 79 winds down through the narrow streets over- looking the vast spread of the Verde Valley — past banks, hotels, schools and homes which have been sliding down the steep hillside since 1925 when 250 pounds of dynamite were set off in the Black Pit. Once an important copper mining town, Jerome is now a tourist center, counting on its past for whatever fu- ture it may have. There are more museums than stores, and every resi- dent is a potential storyteller of the town's raucous past.

Old Jerome prospectors Dave Gutierrez, left, and the late Robert S. "Pop" Clanton.

NOVEMBER, 1958 23 ON DESERT TRAILS WITH A NATURALIST IN THE LAND OF SAGEBRUSH

Dominant plant of the northern deserts is the sagebrush—aromatic Sagebrush and Joshua trees. symbol of the Southwest's high dry country. And sagebrush does more than give unique character to this great spreading land, for many zards, average height may be nearer a desert denizens rely on it for food and shelter. foot to 18 inches. Sagebrush areas always are favorite By EDMUND C. JAEGER, D.Sc. camping places for me because of the Curator of Plants sweet pungent smoke of my campfires. Riverside Municipal Museum There is almost always plenty of dry Sketches by Morris VanDame deadwood available, and being rich in HE GREAT BASIN Desert and been eaten or are covered with snow. oils it burns with an almost-smokeless its environs is the kingdom of In forests of mixed oak and pine, it hot yellow flame. The fuel's only 7 the Three-toothed Sage (Arte- ascends to the 6000 and 7000-foot shortcoming is that it is so lightweight misia tridentata), known to many levels, and sometimes even to 8000 and porous it yields no lasting coals merely as sagebrush, and to the early and 10,000 feet. such as we get from southern desert Mexican miners and travelers as cfut- Sagebrush is always a valuable indi- hardwoods. miso hediondo (stinking greasewood) cator of fertile soils and potential agri- After rains, the unforgettable clean because of its bitter taste and strong cultural land. It thrives best in loose herby odor of sagebrush permeates the pungent turpentinelike odor. In many earth, especially the mineral-rich kinds air for many hours, particularly at parts of Utah, Nevada, southern Idaho, derived from lava. In deep detrital night, often being carried great dis- southwestern Montana, western Colo- soils consisting of volcanic ash or tances by the wind. Immediately there rado and the lower mountainous slopes broken-down lava, like those of the comes to mind the pleasure-charged and mesas of bordering states to the high deserts of eastern Oregon and memories of outings in this charming west and south, it is the dominant southern Idaho, this hardy handsome land with its bright blue skies, broad woody plant. It even occurs in north- gray-green shrub with extensive root plains and mesas, and encircling juni- ern Baja California for a hundred miles system, sometimes reaches a height of per-and-pine-clad slopes. down the high backbone of the Sierra 10 to 12 feet, and has tortuous shaggy- Three-toothed Sage (so-called be- Juarez. barked stems as thick as a man's leg. cause of the usual three "teeth" at the Wherever it grows, sagebrush is an A horseman riding through such sage- ends of the wedge-shaped leaves) was important browse plant, especially in brush thickets can scarcely be seen. the vegetal remedy for many diseases, the great stock raising intermountain But the usual height is much less— especially among the Shoshones and plains of Utah, Nevada and western nearer two or three feet, and in many Paiutes. In fact, next to Coughroot or Wyoming where it furnishes nourishing of the monotonous high mesas of Utah Indian Balsam (Leptotaenia multifida), green food for cattle, sheep and deer and the Red Desert of Wyoming, often it was die most commonly used medi- when the more palatable grasses have visited by high winds and winter bliz- cine. As a tea, it was taken for colds,

24 DESERT MAGAZINE influenza, stomach disorders and fe- vers. Made into a poultice, it was used to relieve toothache, spasms and mus- cular pains. The Tewa Indians ate the leaves as an effectual remedy for cough and difficult expectoration. They also used these disagreeably bitter and strong leaves to dispel flatulence and treat indigestion. This shrub, without close botanical affinity to common garden sage (5a/- via officinalis) used as a flavoring and condiment, is a member of the Sun- flower Family. Its flowers are very small and without show of color. They are all fertile and occur in immense abundance in small gray-green heads crowded densely in elongated numer- 58 ously - branched spike - like panicles. Blossoming time varies with elevation, Sagebrush Vole but usually occurs in late July, Au- gust or early September, during and gust '57) adorned widi long-lipped Nuttall crossed the continent to the after the period of summer rains. At purple or yellow flowers. One of these, Oregon country in 1834 on an expedi- times the pollen is so plentiful and so with short waxy stems, has yellow pig- tion led by Captain Wyeth. While re- readily shed that my clothes are col- ment in all of its parts—leaves, stems turning home he came in contact with ored yellow when I walk or ride horse- and flowers. young Dana in San Diego. Dana had back through sagebrush thickets. For- The handsome leafy aromatic sage- known him earlier as a teacher at tunately, few people are allergic to the brush was first described in botanical Harvard. pollen. literature by Thomas Nuttall, the An- "I had left him," wrote Dana, "qui- Recent pollen studies made from glo-American ornithologist and plant etly sitting in the chair of botany and deep (down to 600 feet) borings into student, from specimens he gathered ornithology in Harvard University, and clays and sands of dry lake beds indi- on the "Plains of Oregon and Lewis the next I saw him he was strolling cate sagebrush has a long geological River." Nuttall was the naturalist about San Diego Bay in a sailor's pea history. Particularly productive were dubbed "Old Curious" by the sailors in jacket, with a wide straw hat and bare soil samples taken from playas in Richard Henry Dana's Two Years feet, with his trousers rolled up to his Western New Mexico (St. Augustine Before the Mast. knees, picking up stones and shells." Plains) and southeastern California (Searles Lake). Sagebrush pollen husks, exceedingly resistant to decay, always were abundant in the deep layers of borings brought to the surface- Sometimes between layers of fill bearing Artemisia pollen, are layers of clay and sand with no trace of this pollen, but with pollen husks of more xerophytic desert plants such as creo- sote bush and the saltbushes (Atriplex) —an indication of climatic fluctuations from arid desert to more temperate moister weather. Thus it appears that through long ages sagebrush has been a very viable persistently-hardy shrub, ready to take over the land every time climatic factors favorable to its growth were re-established. The only part of sagebrush used for food by man has been the very small seed. These were gathered by Indian women using beating paddles and baskets, winnowed and made into a kind of meal. I have found several flowering plants that are parasitic or semiparasitic on Great Basin Sage. One, a member of the Figwort Family, is the showy In- dian Paintbrush with its brilliant scar- let flowers set atop long leafy stems. Always exciting interest are the fleshy brittle stems of the strange Root Stranglers or Orobanches (Desert Au- Sage Sparrows

NOVEMBER, 1958 25 Thomas Nuttall's discoveries are heighten the joy of tramping over sage- tinguishing black-patched belly, is the commemorated in the names, Nuttall's brush-covered flats and hillsides. most conspicuous bird of the sage- Woodpecker, Nuttall's Poorwil! and The Sage Thrasher or Mountain brush domain. It feeds largely on the Nuttall's Magpie, in addition to the Mocker (Orecscoptes rnontanus) often leaves of this shrub. Unusually bizarre plant genus Nuttallia and a small tree is locally abundant in sagebrush. It are the courting habits of the hand- called Nuttall's Dogwood. has the streak-spotted breast of the some males which strut about while There are several birds, large and Brown Thrasher, but the beak is spreading their unique spikc-Hke tail small, whose life-histories are directly straight — not curved — as in several feathers, and inflating to amazing pro- linked to Great Basin Sage, among other thrashers. The gray sagebrush portions the large feather-bare air sacs them the Sage Sparrow, Sage Thrasher, plains of eastern Oregon are its breed- on the sides of the neck. Black-chinned Sparrow, and the large ing grounds and summer home. In As might be expected, a bird so almost turkey - sized Sage Grouse, autumn, winter and spring it is a fa- large (males sometimes weigh up to sometimes called the Sage Hen. miliar visitant to brushy areas of the eight pounds) has long been persecuted The Sage Sparrow is a summer visi- deserts of Southern California, south- by hunters. A century ago it was pres- tant to the sagebrush country on the ern Arizona and New Mexico. This ent in really amazing numbers. With open alkaline plains of northeastern smaller-than-robin-sized bird of gen- the reduction of its natural haunts California and eastern Oregon and eral brown color with white spots on through recent drouths, over-grazing, Washington, but when autumn comes the outer tail feathers, often locates agricultural encroachment and other it moves southward to the deserts of its bulky nest in sagebrush, utilizing land uses, it would have been exter- Southern California and northwestern the stems and leaves in its construc- minated by now had not wise laws Mexico. It is a cautious cheery little tion. The three to five eggs are green- protected it from hunters. Despite sprite often preferring to run rather ish-blue (almost the color of sage- some claims to the contrary, I still feel than fly from one bush to another as brush) spotted with brown. One of the bird's future is precarious in areas it seeks to elude you. It has the its most unique habits is its way of outside game preserves. marked diagnostic habit of nervously running in a zig-zag course from the During a recent trip through the flipping its tail. Like so many spar- shelter of one bush to another when sagebrush country of west central Ne- rows, it is a pleasing and persistent alarmed. It is an expert at hiding, vada, the mammal which intrigued me songster, mingling melodic phrases often baffling the bird watcher. The most was the Least Chipmunk, some- with both tinkling and squeaky notes. song described by Hoffmann as a times called the Sagebrush Chipmunk It often builds its nest in sagebrush. "long succession of warbling phrases (Eutamias minimus). It is very small with little range of pitch and with con- as chipmunks go, unusually alert and Other sagebrush nesters among the stant repetition of one accented note," almost invariably shy. It has, as Dr. small birds are the shy pink-billed generally is given as the performer sits Raymond Hall says, "a predilection for gray-headed Black-chinned Sparrow atop a sagebrush or isolated post. climbing into sagebrush bushes." Quick and the small sprightly Gray Vireo to spot any intruder, it is amusing to with distinctive white eye-ring. Both The big fast-flying Sage Grouse see one scolding in rapid and long- are cheerful untiring singers, and (Cenlrocercus urophasianus), with dis- repeated high-pitched chirps, empha- sizing concern at frequent intervals with tail flips, "two or three at a time." This lively bright-eyed chipmunk, with side stripes of brown rather than black, is strictiy a sagebrush dweller. Another small mammal which dwells where sagebrush is the dominant shrub, is the light gray short-tailed mouselike Sagebrush Vole (Lagurus curtatus). It lives in colonies beneath the sagebrush. Active all winter, it subsists for the most part on the inner bark and foliage of this plant. The Voles feed even when snow is deep on the ground by tunneling through You Are Cordially Invited . . . it to reach their favorite food. Their well-defined summer runways from ... to visit and enjoy the outstanding exhibit of Southwestern burrow - opening to burrow - opening art in the spacious foyers of Desert Magazine's beautiful Pueblo are readily found. Although these along Highway 111 between Palm Springs and Indio, California. soft-furred creatures move about both The finest work of more than fifty of the Southwest's best known by day and night, few travelers ever artists make up this ever changing display. see them, A dweller of sagebrush thickets Visitors are always welcome at the admission-free Desert growing in loamy soils that are especi- Magazine art gallery which is open seven days a week from 9 ally dense and tall is the buffy-tailed a.m. to 5 p.m. Pygmy Rabbit {Sylvilagus idahoensis), Adjoining the art gallery is the Desert Book and Crafts Shop called Tse-gu-oo by the Paiute Indians. where the best of current Southwestern books are available for Sagebrush is the chief food of this your reading enjoyment. Visitors may browse at will in the rest- attractive diminutive bunny, smallest ful atmosphere of the gallery and book shop. of all rabbits, and it feeds upon it throughout the year. Their flesh is "Friend or Stranger, you are welcome here." seldom eaten by humans because of its strong sage flavor. Homed owls are among its many natural enemies.

26 DESERT MAGAZINE LIFE ON THE DESERT By DOROTHY ROBERTSON Emily of the Desert Trails . . .

WELL I remember Emily It was to the healing desert the lonely woman came to recapture the stranger! Although our a part of the freedom and joy of life she had experienced there with her meeting was brief, still I could late husband . . . never forget her, for hers was a re- markable acceptance of life. My husband, young son and I had desert roads on a motorcycle," replied ket laid over some large stones. We spent a wonderful week in the Ord Allan, "I was always glad when some- discussed the old well, and the people Mountains southeast of Daggett, Cali- one invited me to have a meal with who had once lived here. fornia. We prospected first at Aztec them. Will you ask her?" My husband had heard of the Wil- Spring, so called because of its prox- I hurried to the small figure beyond lises during his early desert travels, but imity to huge boulders containing an- the wall. She turned and smiled shyly, they had been gone from the Ords cient petroglyphs, and then moved on and I saw, though her sneakers were when he first passed through this coun- to Willis Well. torn and grimy, the rest of her was try. Emily evidently knew more about At sundown on the day before our scrupulously clean. them. departure, a trundling clatter broke "Hello," she said. "I was really go- They had come to the Ord Moun- the desert silence. Around the stacked ing to stop by and say how-d'you-do tains for Mr. Willis' health, she ex- stone wall that enclosed the little cove before it got too dark. You folks plained. "Lung-fever — same as my of Willis Well—all that remained of camping here long?" Neddy." Being so far from town, the the Willis dwelling place—an old blue 1 explained we were leaving the next pioneer couple had a rough time of it. rattletrap of a flivver hove into view, day. "We thought perhaps you'd come It took nearly half a day to drive by and skittered to a shuddering stop two have supper with us. We're a little horse and buggy into Daggett for sup- jumps ahead of a dust cloud. late. We've been tramping the hills plies and hay. This was in 1919. The seats were piled high with car- all afternoon." Emily's arm waved toward the cor- tons, a pail, various other articles, When she hesitated, I coaxed: "I've ral and the 300-foot-long wall of la- and a patchwork quilt. On top of this got a beef stew on—and it sure is a boriously stacked stones—a stupend- litter lay an unwieldy-looking easel. big potful! Do come!" ous task for a lone woman to have An artist, I assumed! "Well, thank you," the stranger re- accomplished. But Mrs. Willis evi- From out of this clutter hopped an plied. "I'll be there as scon's I put dently had set this task for herself elderly little woman clad in faded this stuff away. I like to catch the not only to while away the long and jeans and a man's old plaid shirt. A light just right. Light's never the same lonely hours, but to complete the en- bright bandana wrapped her wispy on these desert hills." closure of their dwelling. The stone gray hair. We watched in mild aston- I took a quick look at the painting wall was three feet high, and from two ishment as she started off across the —a pastel. I had expected something and one half to three feet wide. desert toward a low hill, her arms at least halfway good, but her picture The wells were 20 feet deep, blasted clutching the easel, a box of paints was terrible! My embarrassment must out of solid rock. They looked more and a canvas frame. have been quite evident. like rough-hewn tanks. They were A short distance away she set up But, the little woman laughed good- filled by seepage, and had a capacity the easel and immediately began brush- naturedly. of 3000 gallons, with a water recovery ing her paints on the canvas. And "Now dear, you don't have to kid of three days. so late in the day! me," she said. "You know and I know As Emily told the story of the Wil- My husband grinned. "Well, an- I can't paint worth a darn. But I do it lises, this old deserted homestead took other nut like us! She dabs! We dig!" for a reason. Now, Neddy could paint! on a new significance for me, and I I thought the strange woman was He always said it was good for the gained a deep respect for the two very brave to be driving these lonely soul." desert trails. We had been at Willis I sensed tragedy behind her words, Well almost five days without seeing and sympathy welled in my throat, another person. What if her old rattle- keeping me silent. trap broke down in this remote spot? "It'll be real nice for a change, not having to open a can for my supper," And now twilight was upon us. We she confided. "I'm not the world's hadn't had our supper, for we had best cook." been out hiking all afternoon, I had I was never to know her real iden- a stew simmering on the camp stove tity. "Just call me Emily — that's and we planned to eat by lamplight enough." But the thought of the forlorn little There was something about Emily woman alone out in the half-dark did that made me feel drawn to her. She something to my peace of mind. I was so little and thin—so lonely look- had to make some sort of gesture. ing, and obviously undernourished. I "She looks so lonely," I said to my was glad I had prepared a big pot of husband. "Let's invite her to eat with stew. us.' After supper Allan built a campfire, 'Years ago when I followed the and Emily and I sat on a folded blan- NOVEMBER, 1958 27 people who had come to this desolate Suddenly she grasped my hand. "I'm I watched the leaping flames and place in the hope that the husband not feeling sorry for myself, mind you!" shadows, listening spellbound. What might regain his health. Emily exclaimed. "We had a good mystery might be divulged? Emily became silent. I rose quietly life together, and what's happened had Suddenly Emily spoke. "I don't to replenish the fire while Allan took to be. Neddy was always telling me: know why I want to tell you this, my our son Bobby off to bed. When I 'Happiness is just a state of mind. Be dear, but if you don't mind listening returned to my seat Emily was bent happy wherever you are—it all de- to an old woman . . ." over, doodling in the sand with a pends on you!' We were happiest in Hurriedly I assured her it would be greasewood twig. She spoke quietly: the wild places, because—well, be- an honor to listen—and for 19 years "Ever since Neddy went away I've cause the only ones you could trust I have kept her confidence—long past sort of kept on going. You see, he were the little people of the wild. the promised time for silence. believed in freedom. Oh, how he They'll never let you down!" "We'd have been married 43 years loved the wild places!" Again I spoke comfortingly. I felt the day after tomorrow. That's a long Her voice trembled with the inten- a deep concern for this lonely woman. time for two people to get along so sity of her words. I murmured sym- Suppose she met with an accident, or well. He's only been gone eight months pathetically, sensing the tragedy which became ill? Problems do arise even now — we came from the Midwest. had come into the life of this strange out in the desert solitudes. Could she Neddy got in trouble. He was too little woman. She was lonely, and change a tire? I hoped so. trusting. He paid for that trust—three wanted someone with whom she could A feeling of responsibility nagged long years of his precious life!" talk. me. A woman of Emily's age ought Her voice trembled. "Three years Gently, I led her on for this was to be safe at home with family or shut up in a cage! My Neddy, who a time and place where she could relatives. I was thankful darkness hid loved the outdoors so! That's why overcome her shyness and speak the concern I knew was written on we stayed away from the cities and frankly of the things that were in her my face. people. People!" Emily's tone was heart. One does not advise a stranger. bitter for a brief moment. "You see, Neddy and I never needed One respects another's right to privacy "The desert is wonderful—it's heal- anyone else. We had a little put by, and own way of life. As though she ing. We hoped he might get cured. and we managed." Her low reminis- sensed my unspoken thought, Emily Folks do get cured out here. But still, cent laugh hung between us in the added defiantly: "I don't have much God was good to us. Neddy lived to evening air, and I kept as still as the to do with people. So few can under- enjoy many happy years just wander- little mouse I had just seen by the stand my need for the desert silences. ing and painting." flare of the firelight. Others think I am just a mite crazy." Thus has Emily and Neddy's creed "With Neddy gone there's no place Then she laughed, "Guess maybe I that on the great desert the problems else I can go, for only on the desert am! But, I'm happy that way!" and complexities of life are necessarily is his presence close to me—almost Emily's eyes were sad dark pools dwarfed by the very immensity of the like I could stretch out my hand and in the shadowed fire glow, " 'We'll land itself, helped us in our own ad- touch him if I could only see him!" stay out in Nature's front yard,' Neddy justment to life. I blinked away my tears, emotion- always said. 'The birds and the crit- And so Emily the stranger lives on ally sharing the poor lonely little ters won't hurt us, nor will they pry in memory, always a part of the desert woman's devastating sense of loss. into our past!' " on which we now live. '49ers Death Valley Encampment, November 6-9 Dedication of a historical monu- Monument Superintendent Fred Bin- 2:30 p.m. — Burro Flapjack Sweep- ment commemorating the agonizing newies will conduct tours of the Valley stakes at Stove Pipe Wells. escape from Death Valley by emigrat- region on Friday, Saturday and Sun- 7:00 p.m.—Evening assembly at Fur- ing '49ers, will highlight the 10th An- day. A special Jeep tour, led by '49er nace Creek Ranch, followed by square nual Death Valley Encampment. This Vice President Harold H. Ihrig, also dance. year's event will be held on the week- is planned. SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9 end preceding Veterans' Day (Novem- THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 6 Sunrise—Protestant Services, Desola- ber 11), starting Thursday, November 7:00 p.m.—Campfire program, Sand tion Canyon. 6, and concluding Sunday, November Dunes near Stove Pipe Wells; square 7 a.m. — Catholic Mass, Furnace 9. dance at Stove Pipe Wells Hotel. Creek Inn garden. The celebration, sponsored by the FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 7 8:30 a.m.—Authors' Breakfast, Fur- Death Valley '49ers, Inc., opens at 8 a.m. — Artists' Breakfast, Furnace nace Creek Ranch. 10 a.m. Thursday at Castaic near Creek Ranch. 10:45 a.m.—Conducted tour. Newhalf on U.S. Highway 99, with 10:30 a.m.—Conducted tour. Hotel reservations are limited. For the unveiling of a historical monument 7:30 p.m.—Campfire program, Texas Furnace Creek Inn, Ranch and Amar- to William Lewis Manly and John Springs; followed by square dance, gosa Hotel write or phone Fred Har- Rogers. These men walked from Furnace Creek Ranch. vey Company, 530 W. 6th Street, Los Death Valley to the Newhall area to SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 8 Angeles 14, TRinity 8048. For Stove seek food and horses for their return 8:30 a.m.—Photographers' Breakfast, Pipe Wells Hotel, write hotel, c/o rescue trip to the valley. Furnace Creek Ranch. Death Valley, California, or phone or Another special feature of this year's 10:30 a.m.—Conducted tour. write Stove Pipe Wells Hotel, 108 W. Encampment will be the ground break- 12 noon—Chuckwagon lunch at Stove 6th St., Los Angeles 14, VAndyke ing for the Death Valley Museum and Pipe Wells. 2937. For Scotty's Castle, write or Visitors' Center. 2:00 p.m.—Shooting demonstration of phone 1462 North Stanley Avenue, Geologist Dr. Thomas Clements and old-fashioned rifles. Stove Pipe Wells. Hollywood 46, HOIlywood 5-1223.

28 DESERT MAGAZINE Hobbyists ,SUN MERCURY has no moons 3100 miles in diameter Who Scan 36 million miles from sun VENUS has no moons 7700 miles In diameter 67 million mifes from sun

1 EARTH has one moon the Desert 8000 miles in diameter 93 million miles from sun

L MARS has two moons 4220 miles in diameter Night Sky 141 million miles from sun ASTEROID BELT In this desertland of brilliantly- clear and comfortable nights, ama- teur astronomy is becoming a JUPITER has 12 moons popular hobby. A great deal of 1 Billion miles "from Sun. 88,770 miles In diameter credit for this mounting participa- N. 483 million miles from sun tion is due the 500-member Las Cruces, New Mexico, Association % SATURN has 9 moons of Lunar and Planetary Observers 74,200 miles in diameter — amateurs and world-renowned 886 million miles from sun professional astronomers pooling their findings to swell man's under- standing of the solar system.

By GASTON BURRIDGE

HE NUMBER of amateur as- URANUS has five moons tronomers is growing rapidly in 32,400 miles in diameter 7 the Southwest — and for good 1,783 million miles from sun reason. This region's clear dry air is especially well suited for telescopic 2 Billion miles from Sun. exploration of the sky. Like desert gem collectors, the ama- teur astronomers are forming clubs and societies to enhance their knowl- edge and enjoyment of a common in- terest. One of the most outstanding of these groups—-with an international membership — is the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers with headquarters at 1835 Evans Place, Las Cruces, New Mexico, I am one of its nearly 500 members. NEPTUNE has two moons 30,900 miles In diameter ALPO is presided over by its foun- 2,793 million miles from sun der, Professor Walter H. Haas, mathe- matician at New Mexico College of

Agriculture and Mechanical Arts who 1 has had various assignments at the 3 Billion mites from Sun. White Sands Proving Grounds. Early in his career, Haas was an assistant to William H. Pickering, a noted astronomer. Pickering had de- veloped an extensive correspondence with many amateur astronomers throughout the world. After his death, * PLUTO has no moons Haas continued this correspondence— 3.600 miles in diameter the basis for the founding of ALPO. 3,670 million miles from sun Though ALPO is mainly an ama- teur astronomical group, it has many Chart showing comparative distances of the planets in our Solar professional astronomers' names on its System from the Sun membership list. Among them is Pro- NOVEMEER, 1958 29 fessor Clyde Tombaugh, the man who in connection with observations of our Pass, Texas. Smith is a science discovered Pluto at Flagstaff's Lowell sun. teacher at the Eagle Pass Junior High Observatory in 1930. Pluto is the Charles F. Capen, Jr., of Las Cruces School, and operates his Skyview Ob- ninth and last planet of our solar went overseas with the Baker-Nunn servatory as an avocation. This ob- system — farthest removed from the Satellite Camera Group in Iran—an servatory and its accouterments would sun. International Geophysical Year Ob- rank high with many college observa- Another graduate from the ALPO servation mission. He, too, is an tories. amateur class is Thomas Cragg. He is ALPO member. Still another of the Southwest's im- presently doing important work at One of the founding fathers of portant ALPO members is Dr. Lincoln Mount Wilson Observatory, California, ALPO is J. Russell Smith of Eagle LaPaz, Director of the Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mex- ico, Albuquerque. Here are 20 quiz problems for those who Many other noted ALPO members like to test their knowledge of the Southwest reside in other parts of our country Desert Quiz —- its history, geography, wildlife, botany, and the world. Among them is Pat- mineralogy and lore of the desert country. It is not an easy test—and it rick Moore, Sussex, England, secre- will help if you mix a bit of common sense with your knowledge of the tary of the Lunar Section of the Brit- region. Twelve correct answers is a fair score, 13 to 15 is good, 16 to 18 ish Astronomical Association. He is excellent, and 19 or 20 very exceptional. The answers are on page 33. the author of several astronomical books. Presently he is editor of 1—Tamarisk trees now widely grown in the Desert Southwest are valued Spacejlight, an interesting quarterly chiefly for their—Fruit Hard-grained wood . Perfume magazine published by the British In- Windbreak and ornamental value terplanetary Society. 2—If you wanted to get a glimpse of the peccary, or javelina, which still Some ALPO members build their runs wild in the Southwest, you would go to—Kaibab Forest own equipment—even to grinding the Painted Desert Death Valley_. ... Southern Arizona highly critical telescope mirrors and 3—The name Moqui used by early writers and settlers, referred to the lenses. Others buy the optical com- tribe of Indians now known as—Hopi Apache Zuni . ponents, then build their telescopes Acoma around these parts. Still others buy 4—The name Herbert Bolton is best known to Southwestemers through the complete instruments. his—Mining activities Books Exploration of Grand Can- Telescopes are not as expensive as yon . Archeological discoveries they used to be, but a good dependable 5—Phantom Ranch is located in—Death Valley Zion Canyon instrument for the average hobbyist's Grand Canyon Canyon de Chelly needs will cost around $100. Sizes 6—Present director of the National Park Service is—Conrad Wirth vary from lenses two inches in diam- Fred A. Seaton Newton Drury Frank Albright eter to mirrors 16-inches across. Sev- 7—California's Salton Sea was formed in 1905-6-7 by waters from— eral ALPO members have domes to Cloudbursts in the adjacent mountains . Flood waters from the house their telescopes. Colorado River Overflow from the Gulf of California A few members have more than Seepage from subterranean channels caused by earthquake shocks.___. . one telescope—sometimes permanently 8—Joshua tree is a species of—Yucca __.. . Palm ___ . Agave . housing a larger instrument under a Cactus dome, and carrying a smaller easily- 9—First wagon train was brought across the Arizona-California desert assembled portable scope in their cars. region by — Butterfield . Mormon Battalion Lieut. And, as in most hobbies, there are Beale . Capt. Bautista de Anza... those ALPO members who collect 10—The legendary home of the Hopi Katchinas is—Navajo Mountain equipment only. White Mountains in Arizona San Francisco Peaks Sangre ALPO has a publication, The Stroll- de Cristo Mountains in New Mexico ing Astronomer. This fine little maga- 11—Turquoise derives its blue-green coloring from—Iron . Cop- zine has no regular publication date per Manganese Zinc at present, but appears as frequently 12—The Heard Museum is located in — Phoenix Tucson Albuquerque . Casa Grande 13—The White Mountain Indian reservation belongs to the—Navajos Apaches Papagos . Mojaves _ 14—Scottsdale, Arizona, is famed for its—Copper mines . Hot min- PHOTO CONTEST eral springs Indian ruins Arts and crafts You are invited to enter desert-subject photographs (black and white, 5x7 or 15—If you wanted to climb Wheeler Peak you would go to—Califor- larger) in Desert's monthly photo contest. nia Nevada New Mexico Arizona One entry will bs selected each 16—The blossom of the Salt Cedar is—Yellow . Lavender month, and • $10 c**h prize White . Crimson awarded to the photographer. All 17—Harold S. Cotton is best known as—A former governor of Ari- other entries will be returned—pro- vided postage is enclosed. zona Founder of the Museum of Northern Arizona Su- For non-winning pictures accepted for perintendent of Grand Canyon National Park Designer of publication, S3 each will be paid. The Hoover Dam contest is open to all, and time and 18—The old Arizona state prison at Yuma is now used as a—Jail for place of photograph are immaterial— Yuma County._ Historic museum _.. American Legion except that the photo mjst be of a hall Unoccupied landmark Desert Southwest subject. 19—Anza-Borrego Desert State Park is in—California Nevada Address all entries to: Arizona Utah PHOTO CONTEST 20—Leader of the original expedition in quest of the Seven Cities of DESERT MAGAZINE Cibola was—Cortez . Vargas Coronado Diaz . PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA

DESERT MAGAZINE knowledge goes, unexplainable—obser- calculated to be 12 miles between vations made of the moon. Apparent pediments. Its arch was almost a mile changes in its topography have been wide at the center. In shape, the span noticed since earliest times. Flashes of was straight and symmetrical. It cast light coming from the moon frequently a shadow. The sun could be seen are reported. One explanation for streaming beneath the long curve. these flashes could be the moon was O'Neill knew the furor an an- struck by large meteors—but no one nouncement of such a bridge would is certain. There are many strange cause in astronomical circles should observations on record — not only he print his findings in his own paper. made by amateurs, but by astronomers Instead, he forewent the scoop, and in of high repute. Thus, the following a cautiously-worded statement pub- account may not seem so fantastic to lished the information in The Strolling the uninitiated. Astronomer. The late John J. O'Neill, science O'Neill expected quick and volumi- editor of the New York Herald Trib- nous attack on his discovery. Strange- une and early ALPO member, had ly, it came very slowly. been a close moon observer for many In August, 1953, Dr. H. P. Wilkins, years. On the night of July 29, 1953, an English moon authority, confirmed O'Neill was observing our satellite. It O'Neill's discovery. Several other AL- was on its northerly course and ap- PO members I talked to say they have seen the bridge. Only lately have pro- fessional astronomers begun to vehem- ently deny the bridge's placement. In Walter Haas, founder and director a recent television program, Dr. Don- ofALPO. ald H, Menzel, astrophysicist of Har- vard University, flatly stated there was as Haas has time to gather and edit no such bridge. Thus is ALPO and its its contents. members in the thick of a scientific The organization had not existed argument. long before the clerical work became Many ALPO members also belong so great Haas had to have help. This to locally-organized amateur astron- was accomplished by appointing sev- omers' clubs. There is fine coopera- eral members as Recorders. Under tion between these groups. Arizona the Recorder system, any member has societies in Phoenix and Tucson. making an interesting observation of New Mexico has them in Roswell, Las Mars or the Moon, for instance, re- Cruces and Albuquerque. Nevada has ports it to the Mars Recorder or to one in Reno; Utah's lone club is lo- one of the Lunar Recorders, not to cated in Salt Lake City. Texas has Haas directly. Each Recorder coor- 11 societies; California, 20; and Colo- dinates the material thus received and rado, four. passes it on to Haas for such use as fits current requirements and space in The hobby is growing. These are the magazine. Of course, all observa- good people with whom to share one's tions are kept on record, whether pub- interest in the mysterious heavens. lished or not. Discoveries made by this recently- /. Russell Smith, Eagle Pass, Texas, Today, The Strolling Astronomer's completed Skyview Observatory tel- school teacher and operator of the staff consists of 11 Recorders and escope and hundreds of other instru- Skyview Observatory. two assistant Recorders, in addition ments owned by ALPO members to the editor, secretary, librarian and are recorded in the club's official counsellor. There are Recorders for publication. the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus-Neptune, proaching the equator when O'Neill and assistant Recorders for Mars and made a discovery that touched off a Jupiter. ALPO also has a Recorder controversy by no means resolved even for comets. Three Recorders are nec- today. essary for the moon, and there is one He was examining that portion of Lunar Meteor Search Recorder. the moon known as Mare Crisium, a Because of the moon's proximity "moon sea." Suddenly he made a to Earth, and because our moon is so startling discovery — a huge natural large a satellite, naturally there is great bridge across a far end of Mare interest in this body with amateurs. Crisium! This explains why there are four Lunar O'Neill checked his telescope. Noth- Recorders. ing was at fault. The night was clear The moon has provided ALPO with — excellent viewing conditions pre- its most spectacular controversy, vailed. O'Neill changed eye-pieces though probably not—at least as yet twice during the hour and a half he —• with its most worthy accomplish- held the bridge under surveillance. The ment! There have been many unex- object remained fixed! plained—and as far as our present This bridge was a mile high and

NOVEMBER, 1958 31 Army Approves Cibola Bridge . . . CIBOLA — The Army Corps of Here and There on the Desert... Engineers has sanctioned modifications on the illegally-built Cibola Bridge ARIZONA union organization and the classifica- over the Colorado River that will bring it up to required standards. The bridge State Park Network Approved . . . tion of workers. The Council empha- sized the restriction was not perman- owners were given 180 days starting PHOENIX — A network of parks ent. The Navajo work force numbers from August 5 to make the changes, embracing all sections of Arizona was an estimated 12,000. Almost all are to cost an estimated $15,000 to $17,- approved in principle by the State unskilled laborers. 000. Approved alterations include two Parks Board. Its program encom- • • * adjacent 20-foot passages in the deep passes six scenic areas, eight recrea- Museum Growth Noted . . . part of the stream with a minimum tion areas, seven state monuments and TUCSON—Arizona-Sonora Desert clearance of 12 feet at high river level. 84 landmarks by 1965. Designation Museum facilities have more than Another opening will be provided for of each as a state park will be asked of doubled, and the number of animals canoes near the California shore. The the Legislature. Parks Director Dennis on display has more than tripled since present drawbridge will be abandoned, McCarthy said he envisions complete 1954. New major exhibits include the and there will be no opening in the restoration of Tubac Presidio, historic Bear Pit, Prairie Dog Village, hoofed- bridge deck. — Palo Verde Valley fort about 20 miles north of Nogales. animal enclosures, two large circular Times —Copper Era aviaries, Tunnel exposition, and desert • • • fish exhibit. The Amphibian Room—• WINDOW ROCK — New general Navajos Ban Unions . . . a group of living dioramas featuring superintendent of the Navajo Agency frogs and toads of the Southwestern is Glenn R. Landbloom, veteran Indian WINDOW ROCK — The Navajo deserts—recently was opened to the Bureau employee. Landbloom was Tribal Council has closed the reserva- assistant area director for the Bureau tion to union organizers. It cited the public. • • • at Aberdeen, South Dakota, before unions' failure to guarantee Indians accepting the Navajo assignment. He adequate protection against exploita- Holliday Gets His Tombstone . . . TOMBSTONE—After 70 years the succeeds G. Warren Spaulding who tion and abuses as the reason for the retired August 31 after more than 30 decision. The Council said unions are grave of one of Tombstone's most famous early-day gunmen and gam-years of service with the Bureau and not democratically controlled, and the four years as head of the Navajo Navajo is not yet able to comprehend blers, Doc Holliday, has been marked with a tombstone. The final resting Agency. place is in Glenwood, Colorado, where the tubercular Holliday passed away FLAGSTAFF — Dr. John S. Hall on November 8, 1887. Written on of the U. S. Naval Observatory in one side of the headstone is: "He Died Washington, D. C, has been named In Bed" —- quite an accomplishment director of the Lowell Observatory for a man who so often courted death. (Desert July '58). Dr. Hall succeeds Glenwood is making plans to improve Dr. Earl Slipher, acting director since the road to the cemetery so history- January, 1957. Camper's Choice—KAK KAMP minded tourists can view the grave.— Sets up in S Minutes CALIFORNIA You'll be all set to enjoy the outdoors year Tombstone Epitaph 'round In u KAR KAMP. It's always ready • • • Shrimp Planted In Colorado . . . for that spur-of-the-momenL week-end vaca- tion or hunting or fish ins trip, Navajos' Blood Sampled . . . LAKE HAVASU—If a recent trial Unrolls from aluminum carrier on top of car and assembles into a completely enclosed WINDOW ROCK — State Health planting in Lake Havasu of freshwater room 7Vaxl0ya' In just S minutes. Holls back Officials, suspecting soft drinks have shrimp is successful, the entire Colo- into carrier in even less time. Entire inter- ior is useable. No center poles. All corners, raised the sugar content in the blood rado River will benefit by better fish- dours and windows are equipped with rust- proof Kippers. The 8 oz, D.K. canvas utilized of Navajos, made upwards to 3000 ing conditions. The California De- Is water-repellent and mildew proof. Full partment of Fish and Game is using size canvas floor covering included. KAR blood tests of tribesmen recently. KAMP, when erected, gives you direct access Blood samples 20 years ago showed the lake as a laboratory in trying to to your car and can be quickly detached allowing car to be driven away. the Navajos had much lower sugar expand the food supply of sport fish in Complete T'/iJtlO1/!* room, including car- content than white men, and that their the river, which now lacks invertebrate rier, only S1SKI.&5 freight prepaid. Smaller sized also available. Order DOT! For further liquid diet consisted mostly of coffee. food organisms. If the shrimp thrive, Information write: Today, however, large quantities of the small creatures are expected to u.n ITAjLiD Lip/1 •"* "" SAHVir AVENUE FiAK rvArvir mrv7. iou-m JAM OAIHIEL, CALIF, soda pop are included in the Navajo spread to all parts of the river. Maxi- A few choice territories available for agents* diet.—Yuma Sun mum size is about two inches.—Palo Verde Valley Times • • • River Decision Due in 1959 . . . SOURDI The Dough that Fed the West SAN FRANCISCO — Supreme Now Yours to Enjoy in the Convenience of Your Kitchen or While Camping j Court Special Master Simon H. Rif- One picket of Sourdough Jack's dehydrated starter will kind announced diat he will decide produce an unlimited amount of light easily-digestible pan- the Colorado River water suit in the cakes, bread, rolls, and biscuits with a delightful sourdough flavor. That indispensable sourdough pot carried by pioneers DONT LOSF OR BRCAK YOUR GLASSES? and prospectors can now be created by this authentic sour- Protect with SAFETY CLIP-ON LOJt Or hfokrn gla**T|» mriil lott dnl- dough starter whose origin qoat back 65 years. Made of the lir« And time for you , , , protec igiimt tJii* diuftor with the uit mm* finest ingredients. Instructions and basic recipes included. lh*t clip* firmly Jfl yniur pock*t. A novel gift for hunter), fishermen, roclthounds or GET it an OUR SENSATIONAL other outdoormen. Send $1.00 for I %-ei, packet./*" N PLUS Ma EXTRA, T*l . . . we'll \It' return 52-25 [f you *m pbt de ^T Cash, check or money order. No C.O.D.'s. I SI00) IpghttdJn Tan llddle Irathrr throughout include.! highly untful ptn A p*nc»i um p>rt

32 DESERT MAGAZINE fall of next year. At stake is division in snake-infested areas safer, he said. of the water in the river's lower basin, Tests are underway to determine just and legal consequences of the case how effective the odor can be in scar- could have important effects on the ing off the reptiles. Slightly more ef- entire West. After Rifkind reaches a fective than the skunk odor was the decision in the suit initiated by Ari- smell of a king snake, the rattlers' zona against California in 1952, he natural enemy,—Ledger-Gazette will circulate drafts of his recommen- • • • dations among the parties involved. Museum Contract To Be Let . . . When they have had a chance to com- DEATH VALLEY—Assurance of ment, he will forward the decision and state support for the proposed $350,- the comments to the Supreme Court. 000 public museum in Death Valley The court will then render a final was announced by Death Valley '49ers, verdict.—Yutna Sun Inc. The organization expressed hope • • • that the contract for construction of Sierrans Battle Litter . . . the museum might be let before the BISHOP—Three tons of litter dis- November 6-9 Encampment, Accord- carded by High Sierra campers and ing to present plans, the museum, hikers was picked up by a volunteer auditorium and information center crew of 28 Sierra Club members this would be erected in the center of summer. Group leader was Fred Eis- maximum use in the National Monu- sler of Santa Barbara. The cleanup ment, adjoining State Highway 190 was conducted in the Kearsarge Pass- and the Furnace Creek Ranch.—Inyo Bullfrog Lake area. One tin can buried Register Ideal for Outdoor in 1937 was uncovered in good con- • • • dition, showing that decomposition of metal at this 11,000 foot elevation is Salton Sea Corvina "Lost" . . . Living and Traveling! extremely slow.—Inyo Register SALTON SEA — The transplanted ocean corvina in Salton Sea played • • • tricks on anglers this summer by pro- BERNARD Salton City Comes to Life . . . viding "boom-and-bust" fishing oppor- SALTON CITY —A minimum of tunities. Few of Salton Sea's corvina 1000 permanent residents are expected were caught until this past spring in Salton City by Christmas, the new when anglers easily hooked the daily community's chamber of commerce limit of six fish in the shallow water Kamp-Pack predicted. First priority has been given near shore. As summer approached to securing expanded police and postal the corvina moved to deeper water- JL NOW, a delicious concentrated food facilities for the fast-growing area. The quickly followed by the fishermen. in foil that never spoils. Proved in land boom started in May of this year Then the fish suddenly became "lost" use on year-long safaris in hottest Africa when developers sold an estimated again, the schools apparently moving and on expedition) to chill Alaska. Won't $4,500,000 worth of property in 18 on.—Calexico Chronicle freeze—won't spoil. Waterproof, too. hectic hours.—Coachella Valley Sun • • • NEVADA -JL- Packed in waterproof Kraft paper N«w Snake Repellent Studied . . . State Sheep Industry Down . . . pouches, lined with heavy aluminum LOS ANGELES—UCLA Zoologist CARSON CITY —The 1958 Ne- foil. Raymond B, Cowles reports rattle- vada lamb crop — 303,000 — is the .jL- Choose from an assortment of de- snakes can be frightened by the odor lowest since the 1890s, a Department licious breakfasts, tasty lunches, and of a skunk. This points to a possible of Agriculture survey disclosed. How- complete dinners. Rich buttermilk pan- way of making campsites and homes ever, the Department said production cakes, savory soups, hot biscuits, beef percentages are improving. This year srews, and puddings. Over J14 tasty ANSWERS TO DESERT QUIZ 89 percent of the state's lamb crop varieties, including new non-perishable Questions are on page 30 was saved, the best percentage since freeze-dried meats. Four and eight-man 1—Windbreak and ornamental 1936— Humboldt Star individual packages as well as four and value. • • • eight-man complete meals. 2-—Southern Arizona. 3—Hopi Indians. New Threat to Gamblers . . . Writ* For complata catalog and order form 4—Books. LAS VEGAS—Nevada's gambling 5—Grand Canyon. industry is eyeing with growing con- 6—Conrad Wirth. cern the possibility of a large scale 7—Flood water from the Colorado Mail Coupon TODAY! River. revival of legalized gambling in diose 8—Yucca. northern Mexican states bordering on Bernard Food Industries, Inc. 9—Mormon Battalion. the United States. One casino at Ro- 1208 East San Antonio Street 10—San Francisco Peaks. sarito Beach in Baja California was San Jose 27, California 11—Copper. reported operating at full blast. — 12—Phoenix, Gentlemen: Please send me your com- 13—Apaches. Territorial Enterprise pl*ta prie* list and catalog of Kamp- 14—Arts and crafts. • • • Pack Fosdi. 15—Nevada. Political Signs Barred . . . 16—-Lavender. Name 17—Founder of the Museum of CARSON CITY—All political ad- Northern Arizona. vertising material that has been placed Address J8-—Historic Museum. within the highway right-of-way or ] 9—California. over any portion of a state highway City 20—Coronado. must and will be removed, State High- State way Engineer H. D. Mills declared.

NOVEMBER, 1958 33 FLINT ARROWHEAD making instructions. Illustrated. Ancient methods. $1.00. Amaze friends! Guaranteed. Genuine THE DESERT TRADING POST rattlesnake rattle and ancient flint arrow- head bolo ties, $3.50. Both $6.00, "One Classified Advertising in This Section Costs 12c a Word, $2,00 Minimum Per Issue of a kind" items. Chief Blackhawk, Ken- newick 7, Washington. BOOKS — MAGAZINES FOR SALE or trade: rockhounds* winter LADY GODIVA "The World's Finest playground, seven acres, Highway 93 Beautifler." For women who wish "to OUT-OF-PRINT books at lowest prices! frontage, home, irrigation water, wonder- become beautiful, for women who wish You name it—we find it! Western Ameri- ful business opportunities, mild weather, to remain beautiful. An outstanding des- cana, desert and Indian books a specialty. mountain desert setting. Across from ert cream. For information, write or call Send us your wants. No obligation. In- postoffice. Bad health forcing sale. Con- Lola Barnes, 963 N. Oakland, Pasadena ternational Bookfinders, Box 3003-D, sider home or first paper. Thirty agate 6, Calif., or phone SYcamore 4-2378. Beverly Hills, California. specimen deposits. Large stock and ma- chinery optional. Property clear. High- SWAP. TWO 10-horsepower 220-440 mo- "GEMS & MINERALS Magazine," largest way 93 Rock Shop, Arizona Agate Mines, tors, for good four-wheel drive Jeep. rock hobby monthly. Field trips, "how" Wikieup, Arizona. D. R. Smith, 1343 South Mt. View, articles, pictures, ads. $3.00 year. Sample Pomona, California. 25c. Box 687 J, Mentone, California, GROCERY STORE, motel, service station. Highway 66. Nets 10%. Priced at $65,- MODEL 111-B Scintillation Counter like "POPULAR PROSPECTING"—A book to 000, will trade up or down for income new, $125 cash or C.O.D. Reed Engi- save precious time. Know what to look property. Submit offer. lack M. Riddle, neering, 620 S. Inglewood Avenue, Ingle- for. Only $2. Worth much more. Lobo, Cadiz, California. wood 1, California. Box 144, Carlsbad 7, New Mexico. CANTIL NEAR Red Rock Canyon. New HAND MADE violin, bow and case. $87, 1580 square foot deluxe desert home, 2V4 Old violins repaired. George Blatt, Box INDIAN GOODS acres, oversize garage, patio, GE Kitchen 213, Johannesburg, California. FROM OLD Comanche hunting grounds: Center, air conditioned, marble bathroom, NOW PROFIT finding buried treasure! Ex- Indian artifacts, buffalo skulls. Mounted fireplace, sleeps 8. Complete privacy, yet citing handbook 25c, Locator literature horns. Western lamps. Prices on request. close conveniences dynamic area. Rent free. Howe, D-3, 811 Kansas, Atchison, Thunderbird Trading Post, Highway 80 furnished or unfurnished—sacrifice sale. Kansas. at Brazos River, Millsap, Texas. For information: D. Wolcott, 1875 Broadway, San Francisco 9. BEAUTIFUL FAN Leaf Palms. $2 per AUTHENTIC INDIAN JEWELRY, Nav- year per palm. Write Ronald L. Johnson, ajo rugs, Chimayo blankets, squaw boots, DESERT ACREAGE—5, 10 and 20 acre Thermal, California. old Indian collection. Closed Tuesdays. parcels. Boron, Kramer, Adelanto, Bar- Pow-Wow Indian Trading Post, 19967 stow and other areas in all counties. Ventura Blvd., East Woodland Hills, Cal. Terms as low as $10 down and $10 Basin Lakes Accumulating Salt . . . month. 2314 Westwood Blvd., Los An- RENO — Three Great Basin lakes SELLING 100,000 Indian relics. 100 nice geles 64, Calif. GRanite 9-0200. ancient arrowheads $25.00. Small grooved — Great Salt Lake in Utah, Mono stone tomahawk $2.00. Large grooved CLUBS — ORGANIZATIONS Lake in California, and Pyramid Lake stone tomahawk $3.00. Perfect spear- in Nevada—have been amassing salt head over 8 inches long $20.00. Flint ARE YOU interested in prospecting for for as much as 75,000 years, but a scalping knife $1.00. Indian skull $25.00 minerals, or rockhunting? Write for lit- Ancient water bottle from grave $7.00. erature to United Prospectors, 701W E. fourth body of water—Walker Lake List free. Lear's, Glenwood, Arkansas. Edgeware, Los Angeles, 26, California. in Nevada—has lost its salt content during the past 10,000 years. Wallace FINE RESERVATION-MADE Navajo and MAPS S. Broecker and Alan Walton, Colum- Zuni jewelry. Old pawn. Hundreds of bia University scientists, recently stud- fine old baskets, moderately priced, in SECTIONIZED COUNTY maps — San excellent condition. Navajo rugs, Chi- Bernardino $1.50; Riverside $1; Imperial, ied the chlorine ion concentration in mayo homespuns, artifacts. A collector's small SI, large $2; San Diego 50c; Inyo, these lakes. Walker Lake, they explain, paradise! Open daily 10 to 5:30, closed western half $1.25, eastern half, $1.25; must at one time have dried up and Mondays. Buffalo Trading Post, High- Kern $1.25; other California counties lost its salt during the past 10,000 way 18, Apple Valley, California. $1.25 each. Nevada counties $1 each. Topographic maps of all mapped western years, before reforming. — Nevada THREE FINE prehistoric Indian war arrow- areas. Westwide Maps Co., 114 W. Third Appeal heads $1. Flint scalping knife SI. Rare St., Los Angeles, California. flint thunderbird $3. All for only $4. • • • Catalog free. Arrowhead, Glenwood, Ark. MAP OF TOMBSTONE, Arizona Territory, Pro-Historic Fish Studied . . . 1882. An authentic and decorative map FLINT ARROWHEADS easily made! In- of old Tombstone showing the principal PYRAMID LAKE — Presence of expensive, fun, profitable. Indian or mod- buildings and the locations of famous Cui-ui fish indicate that Pyramid Lake ern method. Free details. Wagon Wheel gun battles. Beautifully printed in two retained some water at a point in the Ranch, Highway 5, Mt. Home, Arkansas. colors on fine paper 17"x20", and mailed postage paid in strong cardboard tube. geologic past when nearby areas dried "MAGIC KACHINAS" booklet. Make Send $1 to Southwestern Maps, 902 S. up. This is the conclusion drawn by Hopi Indian kachina spirit images. Carve EH Drive, Tucson, Arizona. W. I. Follett, curator of fishes at the —paint. Story, map, patterns. Well-illus- trated, informative. For your copy, send California Academy of Sciences in $1.00—Ethos Publishing Co., P.O. Box WESTERN MERCHANDISE San Francisco. The Cui-ui, still highly 5056, Phoenix, Arizona. FREE CATALOG: Western wear, boots, prized for food by Indians, substanti- saddles, leather supplies. Silver Spur, ated earlier reports that Pyramid Lake REAL ESTATE Box 1785-JJ6, Fort Worth, Texas. had not gone dry when water disap- peared from other Lake Lahontan 30 ACRES desert land at Newberry, east MISCELLANEOUS of Barstow near Highway 66. Water areas.—Nevada State Journal table 15 feet, electricity and good well. ASSAYS. Complete, accurate, guaranteed. • • • Near mountains and gorgeous view of the Highest quality spectrographic. Only $5 RENO — Members of the Great desert. Terms, and will divide. Owner: per sample. Reed Engineering, 620-R So, Green, 8260 West 4th St., Los Angeles Ingle wood Ave., Ingle wood, California. Basin Archeological Conference have 48, WEbster 9-0938. elected Phil C. Orr, of the Museum of GHOST TOWN ITEMS: Sun-colored glass, Natural History in Santa Barbara, 5 ACRES LAND, water right, three bed- amethyst to royal purple; ghost railroads room flagstone house, garage and store- materials, tickets; limited odd items from California, chairman of the group for room, $6000. For full information write camps of the '60s. Write your interest— the coming year.—Nevada State Jour- BOA 206, Chloride, Arizona. Box 64-D, Smith, Nevada. nal

34 DESERT MAGAZINE OUT OF THE PAST NEW MEXICO UTAH Arrowhead Jewelry I A "Lost" art revived! Earrings: Large, medium, small, $2 pair. Litterbug Cost Rising . . . Flaming Gorge Hiring Begins . . . Obsidian black acetate. Neck- DUTCH JOHN—A few skilled men lace IS" chain, $1.50. Bolo Tie; SANTA FE—Litterbugs cost New Large arrowhead, leatherette Mexico taxpayers $30,000 more this are being hired for construction work cord, $1.5(1, Flint arrowhead making secret! Ancient meth- year than they did last, the state High- at Flaming Gorge Dam from applica- ods. Illustrated. Guaranteed. tions filed with the Arch Dam Con- SI. (Dealers Inquire), way Department said. It cost highway CHIEF BLACK HAWK maintenance crews $183,000 to clean structors office at Dutch John. The Box 561 -DM, Kennewick, Wash. the beer cans and other trash off the company discourages applicants from roads during the fiscal year ending going to the damsite in search of work, KENT FROST JEEP TRIPS June 30, Comparative figures show for only five to 10 men are expected Into tins Famous 1,'tali Needles Area to be hired per month for the next few Junction of the Green and Colorado rivers; that similar clean-up operations cost Indian and Salt creeks; Davis. Lavender, the Highway Department $150,000 months. Vernal Employment Office Monument, Red, Dark and White canyons; Dead Horse and Grand View points; Hoven- during the previous year. The rise in has been chosen as the clearing house weep and Bridges national monuments. for all applications through the U. S. ;f-ila.v or longer trips for 2-fi person parties cost is attributed to the substantial —$25 daily per person. Includes sleeping increase in traffic-—New Mexican Employment Service. Meanwhile, fam- bags, transportation, guide service, meals. ilies are moving into the newly con- Write KENT FROST, Montlcello, Utah. • • • structed facilities at Dutch John. The Mission Rebuilding Planned . . . Utah State Road Commission has ap- ESPANOLA—Indians of northern proved an access road from Vernal to Book Manuscripts <•„„„<„„., New Mexico's San Ildefonso Pueblo Dutch John townsite, including a 12- by cooperative publisher who offers authors early publication, higher royalty, national plan to rebuild their beautiful mission ton suspension bridge. — Vernal Ex- distribution, and beautifully designed books. church, an architectural classic de- All subjects welcomed. Write, or send your press MS directly. stroyed 54 years ago because of what • • • GREENWICH BOOK PUBLISHERS, INC. the Indians now admit was a "horrible Dinosaur Funds Allocated . . . Alien. Mr. Slocnm, 4SB Fifth Are., N.I., N.I. mistake." Constructed at the ancient VERNAL — The National Parks village in 1711, the mission saw almost Service has al|ocated $606,400 for continuous use for 200 years. It was improvements in Dinosaur National destroyed to make way for a new Monument during the 1959 fiscal year. 1000 TRAVEL SCENES church. An estimated 80,000 adobe The money will be used for road and bricks will be used to reconstruct the trail improvements, building construc- mission.—Grants Beacon tion, employee housing and similar • • • developments.—Vernal Express SPECIAL OFFER New Site for Martyrs' Cross . . . • • • Ancient Exodus Studied . . . To introduce readers of JJESE1U' to our SANTA FE—A 5.5 acre tract has 2"x2" COLOR SJJIDKS for home projec- SALT LAKE CITY—University of tion, we are offering a FlittE 20 page been presented to the Archdiocese of catalog and a FliEE sample color slide. Santa Fe by Patrick J. Hurley for de- Utah scientists who recently studied Travel, Science, Nature, National Parks velopment into a Franciscan Martyrs the ecology of the Colorado River re- and the southwest. Write today to — Park. A 35-foot timber cross will be gion are piecing together evidence KELLY D. CHODA erected at the site as a new "Cross of which they hope will give the answer 732 URSULA ST. AURORA 8, COLO. the Martyrs," and as the terminus of to why the ancient inhabitants of the annual Fiesta de Santa Fe Candle- Southeastern Utah made a mass exo- light Procession, a church spokesman dus from the area in about 1300 A.D, said. The site of the present Cross of Intensive study was made on plant and You'll want to keep those the Martyrs was deemed inconvenient animal life on the theory that some- for the procession.—New Mexican thing might have happened to these • • • sources of food, clothing, fiber and MAPS weapons that made it necessary for the Damage by Bears Reported . . . Indians to seek a more favorable re- TAOS—Numerous reports of bear which appear each month in gion.—Salt Lake Tribune Desert Magazine — maps damage, mostly in the Midnight, Cos- • • • tilla and Taos Canyon areas, were re- Four Comers Marker Asked . . . which will be your guide on ceived this summer by Conservation BLUFF — The Utah State Aero- many delightful excursions Officer Tom Holder. In every case, into the great desert play- permits to kill the intruders were is- nautics Commission approved a pro- posal by James Verctllino, director of ground. sued. The unusually dry summer was the Arizona Aviation Authority, to thought responsible for the bears in- place an air marker at Four Corners Attractive loose-leaf binders em- vading valley farms for food. — El where Utah, Arizona, New Mexico bossed in gold not only will Crepusculo and Colorado meet. It was pointed preserve the maps, but will be • • • out that many people fly over the area a beautilul addition to your Vandals Defacing El Mono . . . looking for the Four Corners, but due home book-shelf. Each binder GRANTS — The National Park to inadequate markings it is almost holds 12 copies. Easy to insert, Service reports that several persons of impossible to spot from the air. they open flat. late have carved their names on the • • • great stone, El Morro (Desert, July, Salt Lake Becoming Saltier . . . Mailed postpaid for '58), that has served as a landmark GREAT SALT LAKE—The 1500- for travelers for centuries. El Morro square-mtle Great Salt Lake, without $2.50 National Monument was set aside as an outlet and losing water through a historical shrine because persons left evaporation, is becoming increasingly THE their names carved on the rock for salty. Salt in solution is being washed over 300 years—but it is now against into the lake by stream action to fur- the Federal law for the visitor to leave ther increase the saline content, already PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA his name there.—Grants Beacon estimated at 25 percent.—Copper Era NOVEMBER, 1958 35 Company officials said the expansion probably would result in about a 10 percent increase in the total volume MINES and MINING of phosphate rock used in making the fertilizers .—Salt Lake Tribune * • • Bingham Canyon, Utah . . . Las Vegas, Nevada . . . Salt Lake City . . . A Sioux City, Iowa, firm has been Experiments recently completed in awarded a $5,000,000 contract to re- Las Vegas indicate that copper, cobalt A Salt Lake research agency is pro- move 8,000,000 yards of waste over- and nickel in oxide ores can be sepa- posing application of a process used burden from the upper levels of the rated by ammonia leaching and ion- in water treatment zinc reduction east and west sides of Kennecott Cop- exchange extraction in an economic- which someday may prove a boon to per Corporation's giant Bingham Can- ally-feasible operation. Originators of independent miners of nonferrous met- yon Open Pit Mine. Western Contract- the new process are Luther L, Law- als in the West. Techmanix Corpora- ing Corporation started the job, which son, an engineer; and Walter R. Aver- tion, which already has perfected and is expected to take a year, in mid- ett, chemist. Major features of the has operating its "infilco" process of October. An additional 17,000,000 new recovery method are: precise continuous counter current ion-ex- yards of waste will be removed this automatic control system; purity of change in the uranium industry, is year by copper corporation employees. products recovered; ability to process planning a pilot plant application of —Salt Lake Tribune complex ores and retain the values the system to reduction of zinc oxide obtained; concentration of the product. ores,—Salt Lake Tribune EXPLORE FOB TREASURE! • • • • • • Tind gold, silver, coins, battle relies! M-SCOPE Treasure-Metal Gariield, Utah . . . Wlnnemucca. Nevada . . . Locators. Guaranteed proven-per- Mining engineer Henry Ott of formance. Transistors, Fiberglas Plans for a $500,000 expansion cases, lightweight. Also Gelger, program centered around production Round Mountain has acquired owner- scintillation counters, mlnera- lights. Free catalog. Easy terms. facilities for new formulations of phos- ship of the Barber Canyon Placer I-ISHKK RESEARCH liAB., Inc. phate and ammonia fertilizers was an- Channel near Winnemucca. Accord- Uept. Ill, Palu Alto, <-illif. nounced by Western Phosphates, Inc. ing to tests made on the two-mile-long channel by shaft sampling and churn drilling, 2,000,000 cubic yards valued at 80c a yard exist there. Ott plans to mine the ore by dragline dredge.— Prospectors' Headquarters Tonopah Times-Bonanza STATEMENT REQUIRED BY THE ACT OP GE1GER COUNTERS AND SCINTILLATORS AUGUST 24, 1B12, AS ADKNOGD BY THE ACTS OF MARCH S, 1BSS, AN1> JVliY 2, The "Snooper" Geifcer counter—mddel 108 -...„..-..--$ 2».tt5 10415 (Title SB, United States Code, Section The "Lnrky Strike" Gelger connter—Model I06C »»,50 233) SHOWING THE OWNERSHIP. MAN- The "Professional" Gelger Counter—Model 107C 14B.S0 AGEMENT, A\'l) CIRCULATION OF— The "Special Silntlllator"— Model 11" 1W.SD DESERT MAGAZINE published monthly at The "Belnxe" Srtntlllatot—Model 111B „ - -*M.00 Palm Desert, California, for October, 19SS. 1. The names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business managers ULTRA-VIOLET MINERALIGHTS are- Publisher Charles E. She 1 ton, Palm Desert. Model NH—Operates on HO AC only - 14.75 California. Editor Randall Henderson, Palm Model M12—Operates on batteries only—with battery „ „ 40.65 Desert. California. Business manager Bess llinlrl SL-&537—Operates on batteries or 110 AC—without case and batteries 39.3D Slacy. Palm Desert, California. With No. 303 case and batteries «1J» 2. The owner Is: (If owned by a corporation, Wltli So. 41)4 rase anil batteries _ 88.00 its name and address must he stated and also Immediately thereunder the names and ad- dresses of stockholders owning or holding 1 BOOKS percent or more of total amount of stock. If not owned by a corporation, the names and 'Prospecting with n Gelger Counter" bj Wright .HO addresses of the Individual owners must be "Urnnntnn m Color Photo Tone".. 1.00 Klven. If owned by a partnership or other un- "(JruMlHrn Prospectors Hand Book".. 1.(111 incorporated firm, its name antl address, a* "The Cranium and Fluorescent Minerals" by H. C. D«ke £.00 well as that of each Individual member, musl "Popular Prospecting" hy H. C. I>ake 1.00 be given.> Desert Magazine, Inc., Palm Desert. '•Dranlom, Where It Is and How to Find It" by Proctor and Hyatt.... a.M California. Charles E. Shelton, La Quinta. Cali- "Minerals for Atomic Energy" by N in inter fornia. Leonard A. Shelton, Clsremont, Califor- "Let's Go Prospecting" by Edward Arthur 7.5(1 nia, Dr. Robert M. Shelton, Pasadena, California. 3.50 Randall Henderson, Palm Desert, California. Eugene Conrotto, Palm Desert, California. E. MAPS W. Lightfoot, Pomona, California. Joe Turner, Map and Geology (Uranium and Mineral DUtrlcts of California) 1.50 West Los Angeles, California, Map ol Kern County (New Section and Township) - „... 1,S<> 3. The known bondholders, mortgagees, and Map L'riinluni nnd Minerals (The Nine Southwest States) 1.00 other security holders owning or holding 1 Book nnd Mnp "(inns and Minerals of California" by McAllister „... l.TS percent or more of total amount of bonds, Rook and Map "I

36 DESERT MAGAZINE Washington, D.C. . • . Salt Lake City . . . the DeLaMares conduct guided tours Congress killed the $485,000,000 Financier Floyd B. Odium an- of their mine for tourists; their mining mining industry subsidy bill—despite nounced the details of a merger of operation is carried on in the winter- warnings by its sponsors that the U.S. various uranium holdings of Atlas Cor- time. The mill will use the old amal- mining industry faces destruction large- poration into one large uranium firm gamation method for recovering gold. ly because of competition from cheaper with headquarters in Salt Lake City. —Record-Courier foreign imports. Among other bene- Odium, Atlas president, said that its fits to the domestic mining industry, wholly-owned subsidiary, Hidden Comparison Mineral Specimens the bill sought to establish a five-year Splendor Mining Company, would be r>i different 1" specimens, only $0.00 pnd. Send for FREE details on Above offer, plan to support prices of lead, zinc, a publicly-owned firm. Atlas will con- PLUS I.I other 1" specimens, all available fluorspar and tungsten, with the gov- tinue as the largest shareholder, how- at 10 for si.iin: California customers add 4% sales tax ernment paying producers the differ- ever. Atlas affiliates to be merged into MINERALS CNIJM1TKD ence between market prices and "sta- the newly constituted Hidden Splendor 1T24 rnU»>i>iry Avenue, Dept. li bilization" figures fixed in the bill. It Mining Co. are the 100 percent Atlas- Berkeley S, Calif urn in also called for bonus payments to pro- owned Hidden Splendor Mining Co.; ducers of chromite, beryl concentrates Lisbon Uranium Corp., about 76 per- and columbite-tantalite, three scarce cent owned; Rio de Oro Uranium tl OVERLOOKED FORTUNES" metals.—Nevada State Journal Mines, Inc., about 61 percent owned; IN THE RARER MINERALS • • • and Radium King Mines, Inc., about Here are a few of the 300 or more rarer 30 percent owned. Also included in miner all and gem stones you may be over- Boron, California . . . looking while mining, prospecting or gem the merger is Mountain Mesa Uranium hunting. Uranium, vanadium, columbium, Production of boron minerals and Corp. Odium will be chairman and tantalum, tungsten, nickel, cobalt, selenium, compounds increased five percent this chief executive officer of Hidden Splen- germanium, bismuth, platinum, iridium, past year to a total of 585,545 short dor, Combined production of the biryllium, golden beryl, emeralds, ate. tons valued at $39,413,721. AH pro- Some minerals worth $1 to $2 a pound, merging companies was more than others $15 to $100 an ounce; tome beryl- duction took place on California's Mo- 250,000 tons of ore averaging .36 lium gems worth a fortune! If locking for jave Desert. Three firms produced percent U3O8 during the first six gems, get out of the agate clasi into the boron minerals in 1957. American months of 1958.—Salt Lake Tribune big money; an emerald the lixe of your Potash and Chemical Corporation, and thumb may be worth $500 to $5000 or • • • msrel Now you can learn how to find, West End Chemical recovered boron identify, and cath in on them. New simple minerals from the brine of Searles Lake Virginia City, Nevada . . . system. Send far free copy "Overlooked at Trona; and Pacific Coast Borax Rod DeLaMare, owner of the only Fortunes"—it may lead to knowledge which mined kernite and borax from bedded old Comstock Lode gold and silver may make you rich! A postcard will do. mine with still - active underground deposits near Boron {Desert March DUKE'S RESEARCH LABORATORY '58), colemanite at Death Valley /unc- mining operations, plans to launch a Box 666— Depl. B tion, and ulexite from a deposit near new milling operation adjacent to the TRUTH OR CONSEQUENCES, NEW MEXICO Shoshone.—Pioche Record mine entrance. During the summer • • • Washington. D.C. . . , HIDDEN TREASURES The Atomic Energy Commission GOLD, SILVER. PRECIOUS METALS wilh Hi. Famni,, MotUI <& • f A JM J) •/) ft 27M«ol Der«1or. Li3hl»,i9ht. ulrts-geniiti.., low /C-*B{ I \S V ''* f/ I V 'I said it is stepping up purchase of ur- coir, Non.fJ.nr, Aim GEIGEK COUNTERS for uronium ••> ,j,<^ •..•.._• f anium "to a limited extent." But, it onj ih. VIOUTE for rwngil.n INFORMATION FREE ^MVffl^iSyB repeated past warnings against "over BUY JX&Z&S*. ..M^jfeijp I DAM b expansion" of uranium production fa- Often Copied — Nnvr Excelled ^^P"—fl^ |\VvA cilities. The AEC said the expansion of uranium purchasing "will provide METAL DETECTORS an additional market for ore reserves Battery test switch • Head phones with clear signal • Great sensitivity developed prior to November 1, 1957." One nob control • Easiest of all to operate • Low cost operation The Commission anticipated that its action would result in additional pro- MORE ACCURATE, it's the first METAL DETECTOR designed SPE- curement contracts for mill concen- CIFICALLY for detecting placer gold, nuggets, and other small metal trate, increasing total domestic milling objects. Depth range 7 feet—comes complete, ready to use. capacity by about 3000 tons of ore MODEL 27—instructions included $110.00 per day and increasing annual con- centrate production by about 2500 MODEL 711—with 21 ft. depth range $138.50 tons of U3O8—Pioche Record MINEHALIGHT—Complete line for $14.95 up to _ $114.00 Send for Complete Information $ $ $ TREA SURE $ $ $ VISIT OUR NEW MINERAL DEPARTMENT, stocked with many out- New transistor metal detector finds lost or standing specimens, including native wire silver from Honduras, S. A. hidden treasure, coins , (told, silver, lewelry. relics- Profitable hobby. New underwater LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES—TOOLS—GEMS—JEWELRY metal detector detects sunken ships, out- board motors, CHEMICAL KITS, MORTARS & PESTLES—PICKS—BOOKS—ETC. etc., in 300 ft. of salt or fresh FOR THE WOOD WORKING HOBBYIST WE NOW STOCK A water. Oper- ates from a COMPLETE LINE OF ATLAS AND PORTER CABLE POWER TOOLS boat. Scintilla- tion counter. (buy front an experienced wood worker) Free catalog. GARDINER ELECTRONICS (Jotnfiton eRoak £hoh DEPT. 9 1405 S. Long Beach Blvd. 3 blocks south of Olive HAS Er IHfitAH SCHOOL ROAD rflOIMIX, AtlZ. NEwmark 2-9096 Open Friday Evenings Compton, California

NOVEMBER, 1958 37 FUN with ROCKS and MINERALS Ideal gift for rockhoundsT hobbyistsh Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and beginners. G-et Petro-PolJsh kit for grinding and polishing rocks and gem stones by hand. With Petro- Pcilish you 11 have "fun with rocks and GEMS AND MINERALS minerals" Complete ktt postpaid $2.00 (4% tax in California). HANSKlff HANDICRAFTS !)1|) S. Monterey A vc, Monroviat California COMPTON CLUB PLANS "ADVENTURE IN GEMS" "Adventure in Gems and Minerals" is UTAH ACTS TO GEM TRAILS OF TEXAS the theme of the Compton, California, Gem and Mineral Club's show scheduled for By Bessie W, Simpson November 1-2 at the Lynwood Community This Is the first field guide written on Center, corner of Bullis Road and Century STOP PETRIFIED Texas, and is selling beyond all expecta- tions. Boulevard. There will be no admission It has 40 full page maps and over 60 well- charge, and free parking will be provided. described locations for collectors of RQCKS, Show hours are 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. on WOOD REMOVAL GRMSt MINERALS, FOSSILS, and INDIAN Saturday the 1st, and 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. on ARTIFACTS. Sunday the 2nd. If your dealer or book store does not State and Federal officials said action will have it, order direct. One of the feature exhibits planned is be taken soon to prevent mass removal of Price $2.50 postpaid Ralph Potter's finest and rarest mineral valuable petrified wood from Southern Utah Dealers write for discount schedule specimens from his Himalaya Mine. Other areas. The problem of protecting the rock guest displays will include copper minerals has increased in the last few years, and GEM TRAILS OF TEXAS owned by Jessie and Harvey Hardman; and State Parks Director Chester J. Olsen be- n Texas E. P. VanLueven's Horse Canyon agate. lieves something must be done at once. Also displaying will be the Southern Cali- "In 10 years we won't have anything fornia Mineralogists, a Junior Club. down there at all," he said. These shows also are scheduled for No- Olsen has asked the U. S. Department ROCKHOUNDING vember: of Interior to stop removal of the rock. A November 1-2 — Sacramento, California. Federal spokesman said investigation of the Another Success Story Mineral Society's show at Turn Verein situation will be made at once. Officials Mr. Bill Throp long Hall, 3349 J St. hope the petrified wood can be classified known to his friends as under the Antiquities Act, automatically ROCKHOUND SILL has November 7-11—Barstow, California. 3rd placing it under protection. opened a very fine supply Annual Rockhound Roundup and Auc- shop kn-oivn. us B&M tion (11 miles west of Barstow). Olsen said persons have been hauling Gems and Minerals, 29f>l November 14-16 — Calexico, California. the precious material off by the truckload State Street, Carlsbad, in the Circle Cliffs area, about 40 miles California. Associated Imperial Valley Gem and Mineral So- east of Boulder, and in the area surround- uitli Bill is Mr. Casroreno, former mayor of ciety's show at De Anza Hotel. ing nearby Esca|ante. Carlsbad lor many years. Mr. Casioreno is November 28-30 — Barstow, California. Authorities said that if they cannot cor- recognized as one of the West Coast's leading Mojave Desert Gem and Mineral Soci- rect the situation through the Antiquities facet gem cutters. ety's annual Swap Days. Act, they may be able to withdraw the You can get any gem cut in any size or style November 29-30—South Gate, California. areas from entry. Such a move would at B&M (Jems atifl Minerals, Any item listed Mineral and Lapidary Society's 2nd an- make it unlawful for anyone to enter the in Urieger's Encyclopedia can IJC purchased nual show at Civic Auditorium. land unless they were merely passing from Mr. Bill Throp. through or sightseeing. Another possible Next lime you are near Carlsbad drop in and alternative might be to declare the land see this new store. For many fears Bill was EASTERN FEDERATION as recreational areas. just another rockiiound who gradually devel- Most of the land containing petrified trees oped a business in his backyard. YOU TOO ELECTS ELSIE WHITE is Federally owned. Some small areas are CAN BUILD SUCH A BUSINESS IN Elsie Kane White of Baltimore, Mary- controlled by the state.—Ed McManus in YOUR LOCALITY. Bill says 'The secret of land, was elected the ninth president of the the Salt Lake Tribune my getting a business started was using Eastern Federation of Miners logical and • • • CKIEGEK'S ENCYCLOPEDIA from which Lapidary Societies at its recent convention Rock collectors who are also stamp col- tu selL They carry the stock for me." in Asheville, North Carolina. Also elected lectors will be interested tn a recent Swiss Write: Please send me dealer information, if were Dr. George F. Size of Murphy, North semi-postal issue featuring minerals and you'd like to handle our line on a Carolina, vice president; Roy E. Clark of fossils. The 10-10 centimes stamp depicts resale basis. ,. *x --- Newport News, Virginia, secretary; and a group of ffuorite crystals; the 20-10 a Dtp t AS2 Sam Brown of Newark, New Jersey, treas- coiled ammonite; 30-10 ammonite in matrix; GRIKGKIrS IllC. Pasadena 4, Calif. and 40-10 crystal cluster of quartz.—Railing Stone • • * Gem Quality thomsonite is found only on the north shore of Lake Superior and on MOTEL CALICO Isle Royal. The color of this material is light to deep pink, usually marked with Is located in the center of the rockhounds' and photographers' rendezvous circles or ovals of green to black. — 9 miles East of Barstow, California, on Highway 91 at Daggett Road. Siskiyou Gem 3,5 Mi. to Knott's Calico Ghost Town (Minerals, Silver, Lead & Gold) 3.5 Mi. to Jasper Peak (Ked Jasper) 4 Mi. to Odessa Canyon (Minerals, Agate & Copper) 4.5 Mi. to Mule Canyon (Petrified Palm Root & Borax Crystals) SHOPPING FOR PRICE? 10 Mi. to Agate Mill (Banded Agate) Ira mi'ilijiti' DHivery — Prepaid 15 Mi. to Fossil Beds (Sea Fossils) KEY RINGS, 25mm. Finest quality < 8 for $1.00 25 Mi. to Manix & Alvord Mts - (Palm Wood) Snake Chain 114". Nickel PL (1Z for $1.85 35 Mi. to 1'isgah Crater (Tumbled Gems & Agate) BRACELETS Fancy Pattern Link < (! lor $1.00 40 Mi. to Lavic (Jasper & Moss Agate) EARRINGChain. GilS tPlai or nwhit Balle pit. Spli. Complett e ( <18 Bpr. (o for $1.8r 300c (12 pr, for 5Sc Two people $6 a night Pets $3 Extra Four people $8 a night drop. Gilt or white plate BELL CAPS 7 Point Gilt or white < Ho AM. is; MI groas Tiled Kitchens available—Electric ranges and refrigerators. You rest plate Calif. Residents add 4% Sales Tax in quiet insulated units three miles away from trains. Informative Catalog showing all kinds of easy to use and inexpensive Jewelry Parts to make your own Brochure mailed on request. Necklaces, Earrings, Cuff Links, Bolo Ties, etc. Phone Barstow 3467 Box 6105. Yermo, California JEWELGEMS by IAY ODAY P.O. Box il Ranrho Mirage, California

38 DESERT MAGAZINE CAPTIVE 15th California Meteorite TURQUOISE EARRINGS Genuine Sleeping Beauty Discovered on Mojave Desert Turquoise Nuggets caged in gleaming silver- colored metal to form un- The International Society of Meieoritics Ridgecrest Meteorite by Humiston, "it dis- usually fascinating earrings. recently confirmed the finding of a meteor- plays the typical features of oriented flight, ite that had fallen in the Mojave Desert, being smoothly rounded on one side and Si (post. & fed. tax paid. approximately five miles southeast of Ridge- flat on the other with evidences of fusion I No C.O.D., please.) crest. The meteorite, discovered last May crust which flowed over the edges during 24 by Lee E. Humiston, an employee of flight. One end of the specimen was broken LOST MOUNTAIN GEMS the Naval Ordnance Test Station at China off, possibly on impact, as the surface shows P.O. BOX 5011 — PHOENIX, ARIZONA Lake, was designated the "Ridgecrest Mete- no indication of a fusion crust. — Indian orite," following a practice that has been Wells Valley Independent adopted of naming meteorites after the • a • postoffice nearest to the location in which they are found. MAPS TO TEXAS COLLECTING AREAS Humiston, who is a rockhound hobbyist, now enjoys the unusual distinction of hav- Forty professionally-drawn maps of Texas ing found four out of the total of 15 mete- gem and mineral collecting locales high- HIGHLAND PARK orites so far discovered in California. His light the new book, Gem Trails of Texas. THE LAPIDARY'S other finds were made in 1936 when he was A total of 45 locations in various parts of assigned to duty with the Air Corps at the state are described. The material in STANDARD OF VALUE Muroc (now Edwards AFB). He found question is of the popular variety with rock- HliY THK ltBST hounds: agates, petrified woods, jaspers, three at that time. FOR IJESS The Ridgecrest Meteorite weighs only fossils, etc. about .34 of an ounce, and measures 25x- The author, B&ssie W. Simpson of Gran- Cciijto l>la Wades — Sizerf 10x10 millimeters in size. bury, Texas, is a devoted amateur collector. Range from 4" to 24" In During the past 10 years she has traveled Light, Standard, Heavy According to a paper written on the approximately 100,000 miles in pursuit of and Extra Heavy duty. her hobby. The first-hand knowledge gained of the best of the gem fields visited, is HOW TO CLEAN presented in this work. Highland MINERAL SPECIMENS This is a better-than-average gem guide Park book, and is bound to be of great aid to Trim Saws Here are some hurts for gleaning mineral persons planning Texas collecting trips. C it in i> ii r t and specimens; Published by Newman Stationery & rugged for long Calcite matrix can be removed by placing Printing Company, Dallas, Texas; paper lasting service. the specimen in vinegar. cover; maps; line-drawing and half-tone I'M Trim Saw Mud is removed from gypsum crystals illustrations; 88 pages; $2.50. This book by soaking them for a day or two in water, may be purchased by mail from Desert and then brushing gently under running A Leader water. Magazine Book Shop, Palm Desert, Cali- fornia. Please add 10c for postage and In Its Field Limonite stains on quartz crystals are handling; California residents also add four removed by soaking for several weeks in percent sales tax. HJKIIIIIIK] Park Power-feed oxalic acid solution (one cup acid to one Skih Saws. Sizes range gallon water). from 12" to 24". Metal Alcohol will clean water-soluble minerals or I,uctte hood. such as salt. NOTICE Mineral oil has several uses: it is fine to all our customers— NEW SHOP HOt:KS: Open !) a.m. to 5 p.m.; for preserving borax minerals from hydra- Haw tion changes; makes variscite a deeper open until 10 p.m. on Wednesdays; closed green; and improves appearance of fluorites Sundays and Mondays. Highland Park Combination Unit and calcites by filling cracks due to cleav- VALLEY ART SHOPPE Available in &.U elzys. Perfect Combination Devonshire Blvd., Chatsworth, Calif. Unit, for Lapidary work. Handles sawing, age, and removing opaque appearance.— Phone Diamond S-4GUT grinding, sanding and polishing. Excep- Mineral Notes and News tionally quiet, operation.

fine

Petrified Wood, Moss Agate, Chrysocolla I'M" Ciimlilnation I'nii Turquoise, Jade and Jasper Jewelry Arbors of :ill sizes—Tumblers, two HAND MADE IN STERLING SILVER models. Wet an<] dry belt Sanders— Lapidary units in two different sizes. Bracelets, Rings, Necklaces, Earrings 32 MODELS TO CHOOSE FROM and Brooches The most complete line of lapidary machin- ery offered by any manufacturer. See these SPECIALLY SELECTED STONES WITH at your local Highland Park dealer or write CHOICE COLORS AND PICTURES for free literature.

Write for Folder With Prices A rrudurt of ELLIOTT'S GEffl SHOP HIGHLAND IMRK 235 East Seaside Blvd. Long Beach 2, California Across from West End of Municipal MMUFACTURING CO. Auditorium Grounds 1009-1011 Mission Street Hours 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Daily Except Monday South Pasadena, California

NOVEMBER, 1958 39 MIRROR POLISHED gemstones — large variety. $2.25 pound plus postage. State A D V E R T I S N G RATE size. Spring Creek Agate Shop, Lewis- town, Montana. GEM MART 12c a word . . Minimum $1.00 DEALERS BOOKS-MAGAZINES JUREANO WOOD, gem quality. 65c VISIT GOLD PAN Rock Shop. Beautiful pound plus postage. Rates on 100 pound sphere material, gems, mineral specimens, GEM HUNTERS Atlas. A whole book of lots. Have large supply, A. B. Cutler, Box choice crystals, gem materials, jewelry, detailed maps showing gem stone loca- 32, Salmon Idaho. Slabs, tumbled, J. E. baroques, etc. Over 100 tons of material tions throughout the Southwest. Covers: Cutler, Gearhart, Oregon. to select from. John and Etta James, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado. proprietors, 2020 N. Carson Street, Car- This handy atlas really gets down to TURQUOISE FOR SALE. Turquoise in the son City, Nevada. "brass tacks" for the rock collector. Price rough priced at from $5 to $50 a pound. ROCKS—opposite West End Air Base, ag- $1 postpaid. Scenic Guides, Box 288, Royal Blue Mines Co., Tonopah, Nevada. ate, woods, minerals, books, local infor- Susanville, California. CAVE CREEK JASPER $1.50 pound or 4 mation. No mail orders please. Iron- "GEMS & MINERALS Magazine," largest pounds for $5 postpaid. Sadler, 719 E. wood Rock Shop, Highway 60-70 west rock hobby monthly. Field trips, "how" Mo re land, Phoenix, Arizona. of Blythe, California. articles, pictures, ads. $3.00 year. Sample CUT - POLISHED - TUMBLED GEMS DESERT ROCKS, woods, jewelry. Resi- 25c. Box 687 J, Mentone, California. dence rear of shop. Rockhounds wel- THE BOOK of Mineral Photographs, 118 GENUINE TURQUOISE: Natural color, come. Mile west on U.S. 66. McShan's pages, octavo, over one hundred pages blue and bluish green, cut and polished Gem Shop and Desert Museum. P.O. of excellent illustrations of fine minerals cabochons — 25 carats {5 to 10 stones Box 22, Needles, California. and rocks with descriptions. Indexed. according to size) $3.50 including tax, postpaid in U.S.A. Package 50 carats (10 SHAMROCK ROCK SHOP, 1115 La Ca- $1.68 postpaid. B. M. Shaub, 159 Elm dena Drive, Riverside, California. Phone Street, Northampton, Massachusetts. to 20 cabochons) $6.15 including tax, postpaid in U.S.A. Elliott Gem & Mineral OVerland 6-3956. Specimens, minerals, Shop, 235 E. Seaside Blvd., Long Beach slabs, findings, etc. CUTTING MATERIALS 2, California. EQUIPMENT — SUPPLIES DINOSAUR BONE. Gem quality colorful CALIFORNIA DESERT ROCKS. Gem ULTRAVIOLET LAMPS, equipment, ac- agatized, jasperized, opalized bone 50c quality. Polished. Large assortment. One cessories for mineralogists, prospectors, pound. Also beautiful red lace agate $1 dollar postpaid. Pollard, Route 1, Box hobbyists. Free literature. Radiant, Man- pound. Postage extra. Gene Stephen, 12, Lakeside, California. Gem Shop and ufacturers, DM, Cambria Heights 11, Route 2, Grand Junction, Colorado. Rock Yard, 427 Laurel St., Lakeside. New York. OPALS AND SAPPHIRES direct from OPAL, AMETHYST, etc. 10 ringsize MINERALS-FOSSILS Australia. Special — this month's best stones, ground and polished ready to set, buy: rough Australian gem stones—6 as- $5.00. Opals, deep red, blue, green, 12 POUNDS OF beautiful Colorado min- sorted opals, 3 black star sapphires, 3 golden flashing in all colors of the rain- eral specimens, $8.00 prepaid. Ask for blue sapphires, 3 zircons, 3 garnets—18 bow, direct from the mine, 15 for $5.00, list of others. Jack the Rockhound, P. O. gem stones airmailed for $18. Send per- Kendall, Sanmiguel d'Allende, Guanaju- Box 245, Carbondale, Colorado. sonal check, international money order, ato, Mexico. bank draft. Free 16 page list of all TWELVE NEW MEXICO minerals $2.00; Australian Gemstones. Australian Gem BOLA AND JEWELRY finding price list. six fluorescents $1.06; five crystallized Trading Co., 49 Elizabeth Street, Mel- Compare our prices before you buy. minerals $1.06; lists. Specimens, Winston, bourne, Australia. Please include 10c to cover cost of mail- New Mexico. ing. Dealers send resale number for TURQUOISE—Exceptionally clean Ameri- wholesale list. The Hobby Shop, Dept. 21 MINERAL specimens set, including na- can water-worn nuggets in pure undyed DM, P.O. Box 753, 619 North 10th tive gold, petrified wood, uranium ore, natural colors and higrade solids. $5 Avenue (Hiway 30), Caldwell, Idaho. $1.00. 18 specimens comparison gem- brings your choice postpaid 150 grams stone collection, half rough, half polished, "good" or 125-g. "better" or 100-g. "best." "BAROQUE GEM stone kits" for schools, $1.00. Mineral Lore, 3004 Park Ave., Desertgems, Macatawa, Michigan. organizations, gift shops and home hob- San Bernardino 3, California. byists. Earrings, necklaces, brooches, WE ARE MINING every day. Mojave bracelets, bolos and keyrings, nickel or FOSSILS. 12 different for $2. Other prices Desert agate, jasper and palm wood D.P.L. 60c a kit, 6 kit medium $3.60 on request. Will buy, sell or trade. Mu- shipped mixed 100 pounds $10,50 F.O.B. postpaid. Choice of stones, tigereye, moss seum of Fossils, Clifford H. Earl, P. O. Barstow. Morton Minerals & Mining, agate, goldstone, blue or green jasper, Box 188, Sedona, Arizona. 21423 Highway 66, R.F.D. 1, Barstow, and rhodonite. Discount on gross lots NEW ENLARGED stock of foreign (Eu- California. for larger users. Roy's Rock Shop, P. O. ropean) and domestic crystals and mas- Box 133, Trinidad, California. sive mineral specimens awaiting your GEM STONES; 2 key rings; 2 pair ear- pleasure. Please ask for free list. Con- rings; 2 Western ties; 2 necklaces; 2 shirt tinental Minerals. P.O. Box 1206, Ana- corners; and 10 polished specimens. All conda, Montana. for $7.50, postpaid. Morton Minerals and Mining, 21423 Highway 66, R.F.D, MISCELLANEOUS PROFIT 1, Barstow, California. WANTED—BROKEN desert glass. Deep color. State price per pound. Have MAKING swaps. C. Earl Napier "for rocks" at JEWELRY ARTS YOUR CHOICE 1205 Wyoming St., Boulder City, Nevada, RILL OR PART TIME fjucirijtiny. rrujrry.piakina hebby! Becom* a rock $4 Value—Only $1.50 Pair HIGHEST CASH paid for old gold, jewelry, tiOurtd . • . find •tons* — convert triem into ''salable1' mlitirpivm. Euy to do, , , «ork with your hmdi _ If you visit our store gold teeth, diamonds, watches, silver, Mike th* outdoor* for profit, VB" Matched Pairs for Cuff Links rings, antiques. Mail articles today. In- 1 VA" Matched Pairs for Ear Drops formation free. Chicago Gold Refining GRIEGERS NEW ENCYCLOPEDIA! Co., 6 E, Monroe, Dept. 175, Chicago 3. SENSATIONAL- JUST OFF THE PRESS In either GOLDEN or CHERRY RED Herc'i ths •'how to do it" bible of the industry. Up-to- TIGEREYE. Gems have rounded sur- dite, informative, ejuy to u nderatand, Written and put out by th# Ofruntry'4 Outttanding lapidary authorities faces with hi-gloss polish. REAL SEAHORSE EARRINGS A fine and original gift! Hand Mail Customers Send painted In black, white, silver, dark blue, greon, red and brown. . . . 3O ARTICLES . . . source d*t* for everything you $1.66 Pear prepaid nwd. Only $2,20 (includes po*t*ge) and our money bach Choice of screw type or pierced. Q UMnflwf. Send lor FREE II f Ask for free circular on sensational new Only $2.K0 per pair. Check or authentic book. FREE g y py ig IB.pige ititj-oduttory BULLETIN ... no obligat gem material. 11.0. Tax and postage puld. ACT HOW! Other unusual gifts, jewelry. B&M GEMS AND MINERALS Order from THE SEA SHELL INC. i 2961 State Street, Carlsbad, California tm MltSIOH BLVD., itM 91E6O «, CM. Dealer Inquiries Welcome 40 DESERT MAGAZINE Owyheeite first was described by Burton (1868) as argentiferous jamesonite. Later AMATEUR GEM CUTTER material from the same district of Silver City, Owyhee County, Idaho, was analyzed and described by E. V. Shannon (1920, By Dr. H. C, DAKE, Editor of The Mineralogist 1921), who named it owyheeite, after the county name. Minerals like quartz and galgite, exhibit- in your locality if agates, quartz geodes Owyheeite is a very rare sulpho-salt, car- ing a play of rainbow colors, are common and massive chalcedony are available. Do rying lead, silver and antimony. Owyheeite, and well known to all collectors. Cause of not expect to find it in quantity, for from and the identical twin mineral, warrenite, the colors is due to fractures within the the evidence available it is not likely to have been found in very few localities in the material, creating an interference of light occur in profusion anywhere, but all likely world, notably in the Poorman Mine at passing through. This can be produced looking material is worth investigating as Silver City, Idaho, and the Domingo Mine, artificially in crystallized material, but so a fine large mass may yield the fortunate Gunnison County, Colorado. far all attempts made to produce this by finder a number of superb cut stones. Collectors who have visited the dumps of heat or other means, in the case of chal- • # * the old Poorman Mine, may have the rare cedony (agate) have met with no success. Over the years a number of celebrated owyheeite in their collections. It occurs in All Iris agate seen is a product of Nature. fossil hoaxes have appeared, including the quartz gangue in massive to coarsely fibrous It has fallen to the lot of a very common well known ones of the famous Cardiff habit, and on country rock as masses of semi-precious gem mineral, agate, to exhibit Giant, and the more recent one involving an felted hairlike crystals coating crevices and the iris or rainbow effect of seven distinct early man skull. Perhaps the most interest- fractures, according to Robinson. Some and brilliant colors better than any other ing one is the hoax on Professor Johann single crystals also have been found em- mineral; some specimens seen are magnifi- Beringer of the University of Wurzburg in bedded in quartz. The mineral is light cent beyond description. 1726. silvery gray, and frequently tarnished to The more recent history of the develop- Professor Beringer was one of the last to a blue or yellow tint. ment of iris agate is a most interesting one defend the Divine Origin theory of fossils. and credit for it is largely due to the work Among his many papers, he published an of amateur lapidaries. The material was expensive and detailed book describing some item, DIAMOND BLADES found in the past, from time to time, by curious fossils he had dug up. Many of these agate cutters, but no study was made of carried replicas of the sun and the moon, as the material and practically no mention of well as ancient Hebraic words. M £nvy-I>ul f Bfanrt. Super iris agate can be found in any of the Actually these "divine" fossils were clev- Btl|l.'Cll)[') i')~t of quartz crystals. Frequently in geodes book. 20" 78.10 05i70 SU/75 24" 02.20 82,00 75.50 the best and only lines of color will be After the professor's death, his heirs 30" !7fl.l() found near the layer of quartz crystals. reaped a financial harvest by selling all the 36" 267.00 However, many fine specimens have been books around the house, and then made a t) :jrlnir iilte—Tax In OMtl. found as translucent water-worn agate, reprint which was in wide demand as a showing no visible evidence of banding collector's item. These are still valuable whatever. In all cases the better quality of collector's items. iris is found in the nearly colorless and * * * translucent agate, but there appears to be Recent studies by S. C. Robinson of the no criterion by which one may determine Geological Survey of Canada confirm the the presence of iris, other than by cutting validity of Owyheeite as a mineral species. and polishing a section of the material. The The X-ray studies made by Robinson also Free Catalog shows J7 Covington A- cutters that have worked with the material indicate that another rare sulpho-salt, War- vertical type grinders and polishers, can by its general appearance, make a ren ite, is identical to owyheeite. {"---••—? a Covlngton Trim Saws better guess than the inexperienced, but to choose from In latest even the judgment of the experienced is Free Catalog. W- far from infallible. To best bring out the play of colors, iris agate should be cut at right angles to the NEW SIXTH EDITION lines of banding which carry the rainbow. If cut parallel with the lines, no colors will ART OF be seen. Very few specimens of iris agate over two inches square have been cut be- GEM CUTTING cause the bands of color are curving, which By DR. H. C. DAKE makes it necessary to change the angle for iin.v one of 7 each cut. A standard textbook for the amateur Covlngton Slab Saws For some reason not yet learned, the from latest Free Cata and commercial gem cutter since 1938 log. greater part of material showing iris effect —now revised and brought up-to-date appears to have numerous fractures, which to include the most modern techniques cause breakage before a large section can used in the lapidary arts. be cut. The more opaque material should Multt • Feature Lapi- dary Unit. Free Cat- be sliced thinner to best bring out the col- New edition contains: 120 illustrations alog shows 8 Cov- ors, but for best results no specimen or cut including many of latest gem cutting equip- Ington Horizontal* gem should be over one-sixteenth inch thick ment; section on tumbling; detailed de- models. W when it is finally polished. The more highly scription of sawing, grinding, polishing, it is polished (both sides) the better will cabochons, facet cutting, specimen finish- be the color play. ing, gem identification, sphere cutting, etc. So far iris agate has been found in superb specimens at localities in Oregon, California, Paper cover; 128 pages Montana, Nevada and Brazil, but it is Itl.'ll.n YOUIt OWN $2.00 LAI" and save. Free altogether likely the material can be found Catalog shows 13 Please add 10c for postage and handling Build Your Own California residents add rteins. 4 percent sales tax USED ItY THE II,S. GOVERNMENT Send for latest Batatas showing CnTtnglon, Order by mail from: PIBcrs FOR FUN — FOR PROFIT] the largest lupldarr equipment line in sut-t America. IT'S FREE, th* inatt — LAPIDARY. Lurn to mik« •xpirt, DESERT MAGAZINE m..,\i.i:iis WANTED prof 11* i&n*|.typ» ring*. tnct> I4tlr jtwelry in your own ham*, i SEND tor our FRKI 16-pigt bookCtt BOOK SHOP Covingion Lapidary Eng.. Carp. pn'^rtTO lh* U*d*. NO OBLIGATION PALM DESERT CALIFORNIA D, CALIFORNIA *¥ to: GRIEGEK'5. I r.C. Drp'.. * o ltll Eu: wilnut. >Hi«ni 4. Cllirorrnt. °v

NOVEMBER, 1958 41 By RANDALL HENDERSON

HOLOG1STS HAVE estimated that at least 90 per- "But the stranger and the uninitiated see only the mask. cent of the creatures living on this earth are insects. The other desert—-the real desert—is not for the eyes of They multiply at a prodigious rate and mankind the superficial observer, or the fearful soul or the cynic. must wage a constant battle to protect his food and fiber It is a land, the character of which is hidden except to supply against their ravages. those who come with friendliness and understanding. To those the desert offers rare gifts: health-giving sunshine— This being true, I find it hard to reconcile myself to a sky that is studded with diamonds—a breeze that bears a state law which permits dove hunting. This is open no poison—a landscape of pastel colors such as no artist season for doves in Coachella Valley and the hunters have can duplicate—-thorn-covered plants which through count- been out blasting away at sunrise every morning. less ages have clung tenaciously to life through heat and drouth and wind and the depredations of thirsty animals, Those birds—nearly all birds—are man's best allies and yet each season send forth blossoms of exquisite in the never-ending war against insect enemies. It is true coloring as a symbol of courage that has triumphed over insecticides have been developed which are very effective. terrifying obstacles. But the chemists have to keep changing the formulas because the insects in a few generations will build up im- "To those who come to the desert with friendliness munity to any chemical formula. There is another factor it gives friendship; to those who come with courage it which should be kept in mind. Public health authorities gives new strength of character. Those seeking relaxation have warned repeatedly that indiscriminate and mass find release from the world of man-made troubles. For spraying with the highly potent poisons now used to those seeking beauty, the desert offers Nature's rarest exterminate pest-insects may readily find their way into artistry. This is the desert that men and women learn to the human system, with very serious results. love."

Many states already have placed doves on the pro- Today, 21 years later, I would not change that word tected list of birds. It is to be hoped that before long picture in any detail. public opinion in California will bring enough pressure on the state law-makers to insure protection for the birds More than a million Americans have come to the in this state also. I am confident that at some future date, desert Southwest to establish homes since that first edi- when the human species has advanced a little further up torial was written. Probably a majority of them came for the ladder of evolution, we will adopt what is obviously economic reasons for there are many business opportuni- the best answer—we will have our wildlife laws framed ties on the desert frontier. by ecologists rather than by politicians. Many who came, I wish I could say all of them, have discovered that other desert—the desert of pastel shades, of shadow patterns on distant mountains, of hillsides The first issue of Desert Magazine was published in where thorny plants bear flowers of rare beauty, the November, 1937. We've now passed our 21st birthday, desert of peace and courage and reverence. They have felt and grown from an initial list of 600 subscribers to a a new sense of freedom in the immensity of our space, monthly press run of 34,000. My concept of the desert bounded only by distant horizons by day and a canopy at that time was printed on the first page of the No. 1 of stars at night. They have learned the first names, and copy. I wrote: find comradeship in. their neighbors of the native plant and animal life. "There are two deserts. One is a grim desolate waste- land. It is the home of venomous reptiles and stinging These are the people who look to Desert Magazine as insects, of vicious thorn-bearing plants and trees, and of both textbook and guide for their desert living and recrea- unbearable heat. This is the desert seen by the stranger tion, and their interest and loyalty have been a constant speeding along the highway, impatient to be "out of this inspiration in my role as editor. I have had the privilege damnable country." It is the desert visualized by those of meeting only a few of them personally, but in spirit I children of luxury to whom any environment is unbear- have had all of them as my companions when I am out able which does not provide all the comforts and services on the desert trails—for I know that their quest, like mine, of a pampering civilization. It is the concept fostered by is always for greater understanding of the values that make fiction writers who dramatize the tragedies of the desert for a good way of life. I am looking forward to many for the profit it will bring them. more years with these companions on the desert trails.

42 DESERT MAGAZINE and ending with chapters on lumines- cent and modern man-made gems. Other chapters deal with: recognizing BOOKS of the SOUTHWEST gems; faceted gems; eabochon and carved gems; gems of the silica group; and gems with a genealogy. FIRST FULL-LENGTH the action against Geronimo, his de- Published by Sage Books, Denver, ROY BEAN BIOGRAPHY scription of barracks life, dealings Colorado; selected reading list; index; Judge Roy Bean may or may not with his men (he was an officer in a line-drawing and half-tone illustra- be the kind of hero the Southwest can Negro regiment), off duty visits to tions; 316 pages; $4.00. take pride in, but the fact remains border towns, etc., add up to a faithful hero he has become, and his legend portrayal of Arizona military life in 3 looks reviewed on this page are grows with the passing of time. His the '80s. selected as tiding wiirthy of your consid- eration. They can be purchased by mail "law west of the Pecos" left a great Reproduced throughout the book from Desert Magazine Book Shop, Palm are scores of the original pen-and-ink l>esert, California- Please add four per- deal to be desired. It was based on cent sales tax on orders to tie sent to the spirit rather than the letter of the illustrations which accompanied the California. Writ* for complete catalog law, and apparently this brand of jus- early magazine stories, including all of Southwestern books. tice sits well with Americans. but forgotten sketches by the noted Every inch an authentic frontier American artist Frederic Remington. character, Roy Bean was rough, tough, Published by Westernlore Press as WHERE WERE YOU . . . vain, slightly dissipated and imbued XII in its Great West and Indian ON THE MORNING with a sense of humor. C. L. Son- Series; with foreword, introduction, nichscn, chairman of Texas Western notes and editing by Arthur Wood- OF THE "SHORT DAY" College's English Department, wrote ward of the Los Angeles County — 78,000 YEARS AGO? the first full-length Bean biography, Museum; illustrated; limited edition of 750 copies; index; $7.50. Before you call such a question absurd, The Story of Roy Bean, in 1943, and read Or. Robert D. Stslle's fascinating account that book recently has been reprinted. of th» birth ol th« FIRST and GREATEST Of particular interest is the light this "POPULAR GEMOLOGY" BY CIVILIZATION the world hat aver known. When you read this unusual book THE work throws on Bean's early life, RICHARD PEARL REPRINTED SUN RISES, will you lose all touch with Richard M. Pearl, associate profes- reality and actually relive In memory a which included travels to Southern former life? Will you fee! a kinship with California. sor of geology at Colorado College, Rhu Sol Ku, or Haltee, or Que Ong Lfnirh Of the Chi Yans? Published by Devin-Adair Com- has written a dozen books on earth Will you find yourself wondering If the science subjects. One of the most author hlm&elf could have participated in pany, New York; illustrated; 207 this early period of human history—been pages; $4.00. noted of these is Popular Gemology, trained by more advanced Elders, as well as < = • H- -.-i i Beings from Venus and Mercury? To • • • published in 1948, and again available many, the now submprecd Continent of Mu through a reprinting this year. is still a mystery. ARIZONA MILITARY Could the inofi mile-Ions mountain range Popular Gemology is everything its discovered by the U.S. Navy and the Uni- LIFE IN THE '80s versity of California be proof of the "lost A popular field account of the title implies: gems and minerals for continent" of Polynesian legend? Army's pursuit of the renegade Geron- the layman — an accurate semi-tech- THE SUN RISES is not fiction, but in infor- imo and his followers which was seri- nical treatment of the world of gems. mative story woven about facts taken from Professor Pearl wrote this book for Nature's infallible AKASHIC RECORD. Cloth alized in Outing Magazine in 1886, bound 441 pages. Send $3.00 for your post- has been republished in book form "the gem lover, the mineral collector, paid copy of THE SUN RISES to: under the title, On the Bloody Trail of the jeweler, and the lapidary." He presents a broad view of the science, LEMURIAN FELLOWSHIP Geronimo. The journal was written RAMONA 13, CALIFORNIA by Lt. John Bigelow, Jr. delving into its sorcery-tainted past, Actually, the book's title is an over- dramatization. The very lack of stir- ring accounts of battle, of hand-to- hand combat (Bigelow and his men saw few Apaches—dead or alive) tells A NEW WORLD TO SHARE the real story of the Geronimo cam- paign: the Army simply hounded the With Family and Friends- Apaches from canyon to canyon, never letting up until the Indians sur- rendered from exhaustion. Lt. Bigelow's day-by-day account of

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NOVEMBER, 1958 43 Pictures of the Month