Thomas Moran, William Robinson Leigh, and Fernand H

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Thomas Moran, William Robinson Leigh, and Fernand H Romance and realism--the Grand Canyon painters between 1874-1920: Thomas Moran, William Robinson Leigh, and Fernand H. Lungren Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Neal, Saralie E. Martin, 1922- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 04:39:08 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/566593 ROMANCE AND REALISM—THE GRAND CANYON PAINTERS BETWEEN 1874-1920: THOMAS MORAN, WILLIAM ROBINSON LEIGH, AND FERNAND H. LUNGREN by Saralie E. Martin Neal A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ART In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 7 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major depart­ ment or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed used of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: _____ ______ Hfz.r/'i. n SHELDON REICH Date Professor of Art ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My gratitude and appreciation is first extended to Dr. Sheldon Reich, my advisor and teacher, for his help and support. It was Dr. Reich who first aroused my interest in American art. I owe a special debt to my son, Gentry Garnett Neal, who has photographed my work in art history since he was fourteen. Without his help I could not have completed this study. I am deeply indebted to the following people and institutions as follows: Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and particularly Mrs. Marie Keene, staff librarian, and Oliver Willcox, staff photographer. To Robert Gates of the Santa Barbara Historical Society for helping in getting my photo of Lungren's portrait. To Carl F. Jones of the Crocker Bank in Santa Barbara who gave his time and effort in finding a photographer. To Mr. James K. Reeve, former curator of Philbrook Art Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma, for his help in locating the Moran painting at his institution. To Woolaroc Museum, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. To Mr. Erwin S. Barrie, Director of Grand Central Art Galleries, Inc., New York City, for the loan of their files on Leigh. He also sent me personal files. To Mrs. Beulah Moore, widow of Brett Moore of Santa Barbara. The Moores were adopted by Lungren as his children just before iii iv his death. Mrs. Moore’s personal interviews and her files of photos and clippings in her scrapbook were invaluable. To Mrs. Sonia Olsen, Executive Secretary of the Art Gallery, University of California, Santa Barbara, for getting me permis­ sion to photograph Lungren's work. To Mr. Braun, Head of Special Collections, University of California, Santa Barbara. To Captain Elizabeth Autry of Wewoka, Oklahoma, for chauf- fering me around the state of Oklahoma. A special thanks to Mr. F. A. Tipple, advertising manager of the Santa Fe Railroad in Chicago, for his help and the gift of many photographs of their artists. To Linza Jester of the Art Department Slide Room, University of Arizona, for her help in copying restricted material. A thank you to Sheila Hughes, whose excellent help in typing this thesis was invaluable. I am finally indebted to my mother, Indr a F. Martin for her constant encouragement in my endeavors for many years. TABLE OF CONTENTS I Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS............................................................. vii ABSTRACT ........................................................ ............................ xi 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1 2. • THOMAS MORAN, 1837-1926 ........................................................ 5 The Formative Years, 1853-1869 ....................................... 7 On the Trail of T u rn er............................................................. 12 Traditions and T echnique........................................................ 17 The Father of Our National P a r k s ....................................... 22 Moran Finds The Yellowstone, 1 8 7 1 .................................. 23 The Spell of Grand C a n y o n .................................................. 26 The Age of Illustration, 1875-1890 ....................................... 37 Venice, 1886 and 1890 44 The Grand Canyon of Arizona, 1892-1920 ....................... 45 The Santa Fe Beckons •............................................................. 53 Repetitive T h e m e s ................................................................... 65 The Peak of His Style, 1910-1919 ....................................... 79 H o n o r s ......................................................................................... 80 3. WILLIAM ROBINSON LEIGH, 1866-1955 83 The Beginnings of an A r t i s t .................................................. 83 From Baltimore to M u n ich .................................................. 86 Munich and Europe, 1883-1896 ............................................ 87 Home to the H eartland............................................................. 98 The Fabulous West and the Grand C a n y o n ....................... 104 Canyon Im pressions................................................................... 119 Mountains and Mesas—Canyons and D e se rts....................... 126 Leigh Finds His F orte ............................................................. 131 African I n te r lu d e s ................................................................... 158 Cycloramas and Melodramas.................................................. 160 Fast Action! Leigh’s Last Years ........................................ 171 The S p o k e sm a n ................................. 179 Recognition . ... 185 v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page 4. FERNAND HARVEY LUNGREN, 1857-1932 191 Southern Beginnings................................................................... 191 Lungren is Launched Into Illustration, 1877 ....................... 196 1882-1883, A Wasted Year, A Changed M an....................... 202 The Irresistible Lure—The Southwest, 1892 ....................... 205 Hopi Priest and Canhon Painter, 1890s . 209 First Exhibition, 1899 ............................................................. 220 London Interlude............................................................. ..... 221 The Turning Point, 1903 224 The Desert Dominates .............................................................. 228 His Last Years and the Collection ...................................... 233 The Man......................................................................................... 237 5. CONCLUSION.................................................................................... 243 APPENDIX: OTHER ARTISTS OF THE GRAND CANYON . 248 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................ 260 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. 1882 Survey ............................................ 29 2. Moran: Chasm of the Colorado 1873 .................................. 35 3. Moran: The Glory of the Canyon 1875 38 4. Moran: Side Canyon of the Colorado 1878 41 5. Moran: Morning, Grand Canyon ca. 1892 50 6. Moran: The Gorge at Dawn ca. 1892 .................................. 50 7. Moran: The Inner Gorge, Grand Canyon ca. 1892 . 52 8. 1902 Map of Grand Canyon of A rizon a.................................. 54 9. Map showing Columbus Point, below Yuma Point, West of Hermit’s R e s t ........................................................ 59 10. Moran: Looking Up the Trail at Bright Angel 1901 . 62 11. Moran: Bright Angel Trail, Grand Canyon ca. 1903 . 62 12. Moran: Storm at Grand Canyon 1907 ................................... 64 13. Moran: A Glimpse of the Grand Canyon of Arizona 1 9 1 2 ................................................................... 67 14. Moran: Grand Canyon 1 9 1 2 .................................................. 69 15. Lithograph of scene on preceding page by G. H. Buek . 70 16. Moran: Yavapai Point 1 9 1 3 .................................................. 72 17. Moran: Canyon Mists—Zoroaster Peak 1914 .... 73 vii viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS—Continued Figure Page 18. Moran: Clouds in the Canyon 1 9 1 5 .................................. 75 19. Moran: Zoroaster Temple at Sunset 1916 ..... 76 20. Moran: Grand Canyon of Arizona 1920 78 21. Thomas Moran (1837-1926) in 1913, age 7 6 ....................... 81 22a. Leigh: South Rim, Grand Canyon of Arizona 1906-1908 . 112 225. Leigh: The Canyon From Grand View Point ca. 1909 . 113 22c. From Grand View P o i n t ........................................................ 113 23. Leigh: From the Trail at Grand View 1910....................... 115 24. Leigh: The Grand Canyon From Columbus Point ca. 1910 121 25. Leigh: Grizzly Bear ca.
Recommended publications
  • Grand Canyon U.S
    National Park Service Grand Canyon U.S. Department of the Interior Grand Canyon National Park Arizona Hualapai Tribe and Skywalk The Hualapai (WALL-uh-pie), the “People of the Tall Pines,” have lived in the Southwest for untold generations. Traditionally their homelands stretched from Grand Canyon to the Bill Williams River in west-central Arizona and from the Black Mountains bordering the Colorado River to the San Francisco Peaks. Pri- marily nomadic hunter-gathers, they also traded with nearby tribes. The Hualapai Reservation of just less than 1,000,000 acres (404,686 ha) was established in 1883. Today the tribe counts about 2,300 members. Peach Springs on Highway 66 is the tribal headquarters. The tribe operates a hotel, restaurant, and gift shop in Peach Springs. While limited ranching, timber harvest, and guided hunts provide some income, the tourist industry offers the best opportunity for employment of tribal members. The Skywalk at The Hualapai Tribe has chosen a site at the far The Skywalk, managed by the Hualapai Tribe and Grand Canyon West western end of Grand Canyon about 250 miles located on tribal lands, consists of a horseshoe- (400 km) by road, a five hour drive, from Grand shaped steel frame with glass floor and sides that Canyon Village to offer a variety of visitor services projects about 70 feet (21 m) from the canyon rim. including the Skywalk in a development called While the Skywalk is the most famous attraction Grand Canyon West. Food service is limited and at Grand Canyon West, tours also include other usually as part of a package tour.
    [Show full text]
  • American Art & Pennsylvania Impressionists (1619) Lot 29
    American Art & Pennsylvania Impressionists (1619) December 9, 2018 EDT Lot 29 Estimate: $20000 - $30000 (plus Buyer's Premium) GEORGE INNESS (AMERICAN 1825-1894) "SIASCONSET BEACH" (NANTUCKET ISLAND) Signed and dated 'G. Inness 1883' bottom right, oil on canvas 18 x 26 in. (45.7 x 66cm) Provenance: The Artist. The Estate of the Artist. Fifth Avenue Art Galleries, New York, New York, sale of February 12-14, 1895, no. 39 (as "Siasconset"). Acquired directly from the above sale. Collection of Edward Thaw, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His wife, Mrs. Edward Thaw, Dublin, New Hampshire. The Old Print Shop Inc., New York, New York, 1947. Collection of Mrs. Lucius D. Potter, Greenfield, Massachusetts. Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Walter Beinecke, Jr., Port Clyde, Maine. Joseph Murphy Auction, Kennebunkport, Maine, sale of October 1994, no. 62. Acquired directly from the above sale. Richardson-Clarke Gallery, Boston, Massachusetts; jointly with Vose Galleries, Boston, Massachusetts. Acquired directly from the above. Collection of Richard M. Scaife, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. EXHIBITED: "Exhibition of the Paintings Left by the Late George Inness," American Fine Art Society, New York, New York, December 27, 1894, no. 197. LITERATURE: LeRoy Ireland, The Works of George Inness,Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1965, p. 274, no. 1105 (illustrated as "Shore at Siasconset, Nantucket Island, Mass."). Robert A. diCurio, Art on Nantucket, Nantucket: Nantucket Historical Association, 1982, p. 187 (illustrated as 'Siasconset Beach." p. 188. ) Vose Art Notes 4, Vose Galleries, Boston, Massachusetts, Winter 1995, no. 3 (illustrated). Michael Quick, George Inness: A Catalogue Raisonné,New Brunswick, New Jersey and London, United Kingdom: Rutgers University Press, volume II, no.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand-Canyon-South-Rim-Map.Pdf
    North Rim (see enlargement above) KAIBAB PLATEAU Point Imperial KAIBAB PLATEAU 8803ft Grama Point 2683 m Dragon Head North Rim Bright Angel Vista Encantada Point Sublime 7770 ft Point 7459 ft Tiyo Point Widforss Point Visitor Center 8480ft Confucius Temple 2368m 7900 ft 2585 m 2274 m 7766 ft Grand Canyon Lodge 7081 ft Shiva Temple 2367 m 2403 m Obi Point Chuar Butte Buddha Temple 6394ft Colorado River 2159 m 7570 ft 7928 ft Cape Solitude Little 2308m 7204 ft 2417 m Francois Matthes Point WALHALLA PLATEAU 1949m HINDU 2196 m 8020 ft 6144ft 2445 m 1873m AMPHITHEATER N Cape Final Temple of Osiris YO Temple of Ra Isis Temple N 7916ft From 6637 ft CA Temple Butte 6078 ft 7014 ft L 2413 m Lake 1853 m 2023 m 2138 m Hillers Butte GE Walhalla Overlook 5308ft Powell T N Brahma Temple 7998ft Jupiter Temple 1618m ri 5885 ft A ni T 7851ft Thor Temple ty H 2438 m 7081ft GR 1794 m G 2302 m 6741 ft ANIT I 2158 m E C R Cape Royal PALISADES OF GO r B Zoroaster Temple 2055m RG e k 7865 ft E Tower of Set e ee 7129 ft Venus Temple THE DESERT To k r C 2398 m 6257ft Lake 6026 ft Cheops Pyramid l 2173 m N Pha e Freya Castle Espejo Butte g O 1907 m Mead 1837m 5399 ft nto n m A Y t 7299 ft 1646m C N reek gh Sumner Butte Wotans Throne 2225m Apollo Temple i A Br OTTOMAN 5156 ft C 7633 ft 1572 m AMPHITHEATER 2327 m 2546 ft R E Cocopa Point 768 m T Angels Vishnu Temple Comanche Point M S Co TONTO PLATFOR 6800 ft Phantom Ranch Gate 7829 ft 7073ft lor 2073 m A ado O 2386 m 2156m R Yuma Point Riv Hopi ek er O e 6646 ft Z r Pima Mohave Point Maricopa C Krishna Shrine T
    [Show full text]
  • The Path to Revolutionary Violence Within the Weather Underground and Provisional IRA
    The Path to Revolutionary Violence within the Weather Underground and Provisional IRA Edward Moran HIS 492: Seminar in History December 17, 2019 Moran 1 The 1960’s was a decade defined by a spirit of activism and advocacy for change among oppressed populations worldwide. While the methods for enacting change varied across nations and peoples, early movements such as that for civil rights in America were often committed to peaceful modes of protest and passive resistance. However, the closing years of the decade and the dawn of the 1970’s saw the patterned global spread of increasingly militant tactics used in situations of political and social unrest. The Weather Underground Organization (WUO) in America and the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in Ireland, two such paramilitaries, comprised young activists previously involved in the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Northern Irish Civil Rights Association (NICRA) respectively. What caused them to renounce the non-violent methods of the Students for a Democratic Society and the Northern Irish Civil Rights Association for the militant tactics of the Weather Underground and Irish Republican Army, respectively? An analysis of contemporary source materials, along with more recent scholarly works, reveals that violent state reactions to more passive forms of demonstration in the United States and Northern Ireland drove peaceful activists toward militancy. In the case of both the Weather Underground and the Provisional Irish Republican Army in the closing years of the 1960s and early years of the 1970s, the bulk of combatants were young people with previous experience in more peaceful campaigns for civil rights and social justice.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Fernald Caroline Dissert
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE VISUALIZATION OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST: ETHNOGRAPHY, TOURISM, AND AMERICAN INDIAN SOUVENIR ARTS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By CAROLINE JEAN FERNALD Norman, Oklahoma 2017 THE VISUALIZATION OF THE AMERICAN SOUTHWEST: ETHNOGRAPHY, TOURISM, AND AMERICAN INDIAN SOUVENIR ARTS A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE SCHOOL OF VISUAL ARTS BY ______________________________ Dr. W. Jackson Rushing, III, Chair ______________________________ Mr. B. Byron Price ______________________________ Dr. Alison Fields ______________________________ Dr. Kenneth Haltman ______________________________ Dr. David Wrobel © Copyright by CAROLINE JEAN FERNALD 2017 All Rights Reserved. For James Hagerty Acknowledgements I wish to extend my most sincere appreciation to my dissertation committee. Your influence on my work is, perhaps, apparent, but I am truly grateful for the guidance you have provided over the years. Your patience and support while I balanced the weight of a museum career and the completion of my dissertation meant the world! I would certainly be remiss to not thank the staff, trustees, and volunteers at the Millicent Rogers Museum for bearing with me while I finalized my degree. Your kind words, enthusiasm, and encouragement were greatly appreciated. I know I looked dreadfully tired in the weeks prior to the completion of my dissertation and I thank you for not mentioning it. The Couse Foundation, the University of Oklahoma’s Charles M. Russell Center, and the School of Visual Arts, likewise, deserve a heartfelt thank you for introducing me to the wonderful world of Taos and supporting my research. A very special thank you is needed for Ginnie and Ernie Leavitt, Carl Jones, and Byron Price.
    [Show full text]
  • Colin Fletcher, the Complete Walker and Other Titles
    Colin Fletcher, The Complete Walker and other titles Outdoors-Magazine.com http://outdoors-magazine.com Colin Fletcher, The Complete Walker and other titles Schwert - Skills and guides - Library - Publication: Thursday 3 August 2006 Description : The Complete Walker and Colin Fletcher's other nine books are reviewed. The author also weaves in some of his early backpacking experiences. Copyright (c) Outdoors-Magazine.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike License Copyright © Outdoors-Magazine.com Page 1/21 Colin Fletcher, The Complete Walker and other titles This review will touch on Colin Fletchers works, classics of backpacking how-to and enjoyment. Colin had a profound impact on my early backpacking days and has remained one of my favorite authors. In some respects his work reminds me of Calvin Rutstrum...a couple of decades more modern, and instrumental in the new age of backpacking, but still having a mixture of how-to with wonderful books of dream trips that utilized his techniques. It is likely that most readers of this site are well acquainted with Fletcher's Complete Walker in at least one of its derivations, but his other less popular works are excellent in their own right and well worth seeking out. This review will touch on these ten publications: The Thousand Mile Summer in Desert and High Sierra The Man Who Walked Through Time The Complete Walker The Winds of Mara The New Complete Walker The Man from the Cave The Complete Walker III Secret Worlds of Colin Fletcher River: One Man's Journey Down the Colorado, Source to Sea The Complete Walker IV with Chip Rawlins Copyright © Outdoors-Magazine.com Page 2/21 Colin Fletcher, The Complete Walker and other titles Colin Fletcher Bookshelf My catalog But first a bit of background....
    [Show full text]
  • SURROUNDED by NATURE by Kathleen Mcmillen
    SURROUNDED BY NATURE by Kathleen McMillen Stephen Pentak paints nature at its most alluring and enticing. Cal moving water, his universal images are both peaceful and challeng A painter of endangered places, Pentak is also a dedicated catch- time visiting pristine places where trout live. While observing the w experience of being surrounded by nature and often takes photogr with artist Joseph Albers—whose angular shapes balanced with co “Art is not an object, it is an experience.” Pentak was born in Denver, and spent his youth in upstate New Yo Hudson River Valley and the Adirondack Mountains. During this pe meditative and a life-long learning experience. His first exposure to Thomas Cole, Frederic Church, Albert Bierstadt, George Inness an Having set aside traditional brushes and pallet knives, Pentak use brushes to achieve the surface he prefers. He paints on birch pane stable surface for him to work on. He begins by applying layers an crimson, violet, and finally blue or green. Each step either covers o reflections and glare on the surfaces. The various layers of paint a framed. After all, those raw edges reveal the process. “I started out doing more conceptual, nonobjective minimalist paint my interest in the outdoors evolved into my work. I sort of let it in th flop painter,” Pentak says, “I see my paintings in two ways. There’s landscape, you know it has representations of the observable worl you never forget that you are looking at paint on panel applied with compositional structure. The duality takes you back and forth betw 2005, VII.VIII Two Birches Variant, 48 x 30 Oil on panel made with paint.” Pentak initially studied engineering and worked part-time as a surv lost his eye for seeing the land in geometric grids, which is still evi strong, horizontal plane of the water and then breaks the placidity creates a tension that resolves itself, like breathing in and out—inh Despite limited subject matter, none of Pentak’s paintings is like an same subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Like Water for Water - the Over-Forty Trip Down the Colorado a More Serious, Hardcore, and Reflective Trip Compared to That at Thirty-Two…
    Like Water for Water - The Over-Forty Trip Down the Colorado A more serious, hardcore, and reflective trip compared to that at thirty-two… Left to Right: (top) views from South Rim, Nankoweap; (middle) Little Colorado, Unkar Delta sunset, 75-mile slot canyon; (bottom) edgy trail to Thunder River/Falls, first epiphany in Kanab Canyon, muddy and wet creek-slogging boots Introduction While traveling through Norway in too much style but with insufficient action this June, I knowingly longed for this trip - albeit with the equally knowing sense that I anticipated I would need to remind myself how much I wanted a more authentic wilderness experience when things - no doubt - became difficult or uncomfortable. Indeed, revisiting the Colorado almost ten years after my first trip was more challenging - although I did intentionally choose a longer and more difficult format trip. Ever since my first rafting trip down the Colorado, I knew I would repeat it; in fact, it remains a personal goal of mine to go down the Colorado at least once during every decade of my life - largely because I do appreciate how humbling the experience is at all levels (i.e. I don't think I would like myself as a person if I found myself unwilling to sustain this kind of serious camping). Given what was some unsatisfying stuff my first time (some of which I mildly alluded to in that report), I knew my second time had to be different. Said first trip, booked with OARS two years in advance, was supposed to have been a longer trip with a stronger hiking emphasis; unfortunately, OARS' permit situation evolved over the course of those two years - to the point that the ultimate, corresponding permit dates OARS received represented only a thirteen-day trip.
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Canyon
    ALT ALT To 389 To 389 To Jacob Lake, 89 To 89 K and South Rim a n a b Unpaved roads are impassable when wet. C Road closed r KAIBAB NATIONAL FOREST e in winter e K k L EA O N R O O B K NY O A E U C C N T E N C 67 I A H M N UT E Y SO N K O O A N House Rock Y N N A Buffalo Ranch B A KANAB PLATEAU C C E A L To St. George, Utah N B Y Kaibab Lodge R Mount Trumbull O A N KAIBAB M 8028ft De Motte C 2447m (USFS) O er GR C o Riv AN T PLATEAU K HUNDRED AND FIFTY MIL lorad ITE ap S NAVAJO E Co N eat C A s C Y RR C N O OW ree S k M INDIAN GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK B T Steamboat U Great Thumb Point Mountain C RESERVATION K 6749ft 7422ft U GREAT THUMB 2057m 2262m P Chikapanagi Point MESA C North Rim A 5889ft E N G Entrance Station 1795m M Y 1880ft FOSSIL R 8824ft O Mount Sinyala O U 573m G A k TUCKUP N 5434ft BAY Stanton Point e 2690m V re POINT 1656m 6311ft E U C SB T A C k 1924m I E e C N AT A e The Dome POINT A PL N r o L Y Holy Grail l 5486ft R EL Point Imperial C o Tuweep G W O Temple r 1672m PO N Nankoweap a p d H E o wea Mesa A L nko o V a Mooney D m N 6242ft A ID Mount Emma S Falls u 1903m U M n 7698ft i Havasu Falls h 2346m k TOROWEAP er C Navajo Falls GORGE S e v A Vista e i ITE r Kwagunt R VALLEY R N N Supai Falls A Encantada C iv o Y R nt Butte W d u e a O G g lor Supai 2159ft Unpaved roads are North Rim wa 6377ft r o N K h C Reservations required.
    [Show full text]
  • Linen, Section 2, G to Indians
    Arizona, Linen Radio Cards Post Card Collection Section 2—G to Indians-Apache By Al Ring LINEN ERA (1930-1945 (1960?) New American printing processes allowed printing on postcards with a high rag content. This was a marked improvement over the “White Border” postcard. The rag content also gave these postcards a textured “feel”. They were also cheaper to produce and allowed the use of bright dyes for image coloring. They proved to be extremely popular with roadside establishments seeking cheap advertising. Linen postcards document every step along the way of the building of America’s highway infra-structure. Most notable among the early linen publishers was the firm of Curt Teich. The majority of linen postcard production ended around 1939 with the advent of the color “chrome” postcard. However, a few linen firms (mainly southern) published until well into the late 50s. Real photo publishers of black & white images continued to have success. Faster reproducing equipment and lowering costs led to an explosion of real photo mass produced postcards. Once again a war interfered with the postcard industry (WWII). During the war, shortages and a need for military personnel forced many postcard companies to reprint older views WHEN printing material was available. Photos at 43%. Arizona, Linen Index Section 1: A to Z Agua Caliente Roosevelt/Dam/Lake Ajo Route 66 Animals Sabino Canyon Apache Trail Safford Arizona Salt River Ash Fork San Francisco Benson San Xavier Bisbee Scottsdale Canyon De Chelly Sedona/Oak Creek Canyon Canyon Diablo Seligman
    [Show full text]
  • Grand Canyon National Park
    To Bryce Canyon National Park, KANAB To St. George, Utah To Hurricane, Cedar City, Cedar Breaks National Monument, To Page, Arizona To Kanab, Utah and St. George, Utah V and Zion National Park Gulch E 89 in r ucksk ive R B 3700 ft R M Lake Powell UTAH 1128 m HILDALE UTAH I L ARIZONA S F COLORADO I ARIZONA F O gin I CITY GLEN CANYON ir L N V C NATIONAL 89 E 4750 ft N C 1448 m RECREATION AREA A L Glen Canyon C FREDONIA I I KAIBAB INDIAN P Dam R F a R F ri U S a PAGE RESERVATION H 15 R i ve ALT r 89 S 98 N PIPE SPRING 3116 ft I NATIONAL Grand Canyon National Park 950 m 389 boundary extends to the A MONUMENT mouth of the Paria River Lees Ferry T N PARIA PLATEAU To Las Vegas, Nevada U O Navajo Bridge M MARBLE CANYON r e N v I UINKARET i S G R F R I PLATEAU F I 89 V E R o V M L I L d I C a O r S o N l F o 7921ft C F 2415 m K I ANTELOPE R L CH JACOB LAKE GUL A C VALLEY ALT P N 89 Camping is summer only E L O K A Y N A S N N A O C I O 89T T H A C HOUSE ROCK N E L E N B N VALLEY YO O R AN C A KAIBAB NATIONAL Y P M U N P M U A 89 J L O C FOREST O K K D O a S U N Grand Canyon National Park- n F T Navajo Nation Reservation boundary F a A I b C 67 follows the east rim of the canyon L A R N C C Y r O G e N e N E YO k AN N C A Road to North Rim and all TH C OU Poverty Knoll I services closed in winter.
    [Show full text]
  • California Art Club Newsletter Lub Newsletter
    CALIFORNIA ART CLUB NEWSLETTER Documenting California’s Traditional Arts Heritage Since 1909 How the San Gabriel Valley Inspired California Impressionism and Lured Artists from across the Nation Part i of iii by Elaine Adams he development of an outstanding artist requires a process Tthat can be compared to that of nurturing a delicate seedling to full maturity and potential. Cultivation, environment, and faithful caring all have an influence on the final result. Throughout history burgeoning artists have instinctively, and certainly out of financial consideration, opted to live in close communities with fellow artists. In such settings, artists create their own subcultures as they spend their days among like-minded friends who speak their language—a form of communication that is based on their specific brand of artistic discipline and philosophy. Fellowship among artists becomes an essential source of sustaining encouragement in this lifestyle which can be sporadic in work and income. At times, an artist may travail obliviously over many days and weeks with only John Bond Francisco (1863–1931) occasional breaks for quick meals and Out of the Dust, c. 1918 minimal sleep. Then, there are dry Oil on canvas 340 3 460 periods when the flow of inspiration Private collection struggles. When such occurs, artists often resort to congregating with other climate, there are distinct characteristics Impressionist painter, although the early artists to talk art for extended hours. in the artwork created in the north, practitioners did not refer to themselves This activity becomes part of an artist’s as compared to those created in the as such, is to create spontaneous nurturing process.
    [Show full text]