5030 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976 for the human and legal rights of all United contain ed in this Act · shall be available for By Mr. RANGEL:- States citizens detained in Mexico." expen diture of obligation to any country Page 7. line 6, Immediately after the H.R. 12203 . which. at the time of enactment of this Act, comma. strtke out "$25,000,000" and insert By Mr. ALEXANDER: is in default, for one year (365 consecutive in lieu thereof "$42,500,000"; and on line 8, Page 23, immediately after line 7, a.dd the days) or more. of any payment of principal following new section: Immediately after the comma strike out "$6,- or interest due on any loan or credit received 250,000" and in sert in lieu thereof "$13,- ••si:c.. 505. No part of any appropriat ion from the United States." 000,000 ...

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA'S To help those veterans who could not Many stemmed from clrug use, some from DISCHARGE REVIEW SERVICE aff'ord the necessary trip to Washington, going AWOL (absent without leave) to be D.C., to appear before Armed Forces re­ with ill relatives. Some, according to black view boards hearing their cases, the Dis­ veterans' g1·oups, stem from racism in the HON. DONALD M. FRASER charge Review Service last fall began service. OF MINNESOTA video taping the testimony of veterans. It is crucial to make appeals in person and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES h ave legal counsel, says June Willenz, execu­ The taped testimony was flown to Wash­ tive director of t h e American Veterans Com.­ Tuesday, March 2, 1976 ington, D.C., and presented before the m 1tt2e in Washington. review boards. The program set a prece­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I want t-0 But, according to many groups working dent and is making history in the field of w it h Vietnam-era veterans, most veterans do take this opportunity to express my ap­ military justice. not re:llize they can a.:- pe-al their bad dis­ preciation t.o the directors and staff of I would like to call to the attention of charges an d many of those who do know are the University of Minnesota's veterans my colleagues a recent article in the unemployed or have low-paying jobs and program for their continuing efforts to Christian Science Monitor describing this c:mnot afford t h e legal help they need to help Vietnam-era veterans. The Univer­ m ~ kc :i good case. sity's Veterans Assistance and Outreach precedent-setting program: Office-VAO-headed by Tom Wincek [From the Christian Science Monitor, and Gary Morey, provides an invaluable Feb. 11, 1976 j service, not only to veterans attending A nMY M U LLS " TRIAL " BY VIDEO-TAPE D E CLARATION ON SOVIET JEWRY the University of Minnesota, but to all (By Robert M. Pre;,s) Twin Cities veterans. Like 500,000 other Vietnam-era veterans, I mt ROBERT F. DRH AN Lee came home with a less-than-honorable Through its St. Paul Outreach office OF ~!ASSACHUSETTS the VAO contacts recently discharged disch arge that made prospective employers veterans and informs them of veterans' wary and complicated his search for educa­ IN T:lIE ROUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion and other benefits. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 benefits they are eligible for. Veterans He h ad used drugs. But he de<:ided to who need educational counseling are appeal, he obtained free legal help-and the :Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I attach given it at no cost. The VAO makes no Army raised his discharge status from "unde­ herewith the final declaration of the Sec­ effort to recruit students exclusively for sirable" to "general." He is now studying ond World Conference of Jewish Com­ the University of Minnesota. VAO coun­ electronics at a college in Minneapolis, using munities on Soviet Jewry held at Brus­ selors who feel a particular veteran Veterans Administration aid to pay the bills. Such free legal help may be available to sels on February 17-19, 1976. would be better served by attending a many others soon. The final statement, concurred in by vocational-technical school, or a 2-year The Army's central discharge review board 1,200 delegates from 34 nations follows: community college, or taking on-the-job is considering accepting video-taped appeals DECLARATION OF THE SECOND WORLD CONFER• training, tell the veteran so. The program on a nationwide basis after being pleased E N CE OF JEWISH COMMUNITIES ON SOVIET is designed to help the veteran, not the with u se of such appeals prepared through JEWRY, BRUSSELS, FEBRUARY 19, 1976 university. And more than half the vet­ the veterans program at the University of We, delegates assembled at this Second erans contacted to date have received Minnesota. Gary Morey. director of the pro­ Brussels Conferen~e on Soviet Jewry, repre­ recommendations to attend schools other gram, calls this a "significant breakthrough" senting Jewish communities in every con­ that could save costly review board trips to tinent, declare to our brethren in the Soviet than the University of Minnesota. appeal boards. In December of 1974 the Veterans Union: The Army in mid-February will send its We a.1·e with you in your struggle. We share Assistance and Outreach Office began central review board on an experimental your faith. We honor your courage. You are providing legal advice and administrative multicity circuit to hear cases. Some veterans not alone! assistance to veterans with less-than­ groups feel the central board is more likely Together we work towards the same fu­ honorable discharges who wanted t-0 up­ to approve appeals because it has broader ture, identify with the same experiences, re­ grade their discharges. Many Vietnam­ acquaintance than regional boards with in­ spond to the same memories-. The Jewish era veterans, some because they were justice in the military discharge system. destiny that unites us is one and inseparable, drafted into this Nation's Armed Forces Regional boards were established last :fall our common tradition indestructible. by the military branches, apparently in re­ We salute those from every sector of so­ against their will, others because of drug sponse to pressure from Congress and vet­ ciety, every race and religion-in go·;ernment. problems picked up overseas, and still erans. parliament. science, law, education, the arts, others because their politics or skin color The Department of Labor has made what labor, commerce and industry-who have was different than their superiors~ were may be the largest grant of its kind ( 101.000) joined with us in the cause of the Jews of spewed out of the military machine with to the College of DuPage in Glen Ellyn, the USSR. "bad papers." These less-than-honorable Illinois, to provide counseling and trans­ We call on all men and women of con­ discharges add to the normal problems portation for Chicago-area veterans appeal­ science, and a.11 governments cherishing of readjusting to civilian life and handi­ ing their discharges. humanitarian ideals. to speak out on behalf The National Association of Black Veterans of Jews of the U~SR. We have the right and cap the veteran for life. Jobs, already (NABV) a.nd other veterans groups in Wis­ duty to say to them. a generation after the hard to find in America's postwar econ­ consin have started helping some Wisconsin Holocaust, that they dare not remain silent omy. are even harder to find for those prisoners make discharge appeals and teach­ in face of the renewed threats confronting who have to explain why they have "bad ing them to help fellow pri.soners do the the Jewish people. History has taught tha.t same. these threats imperil human rights every­ papers." Not many people were listening There a.re five categories of discharge from with a sympathetic ear to the plight of where. the military. Starting with the best, they We abhor and condemn anti-Semitism in these veterans. are: honorable, general. undesirable, bad con­ the Soviet Union, whether under the guise The Veterans Assistance and Outreach duct, and dishonorable. The top two qualify of prejudice towards the Jewish religion or omce has been listening, however, and for VA benefits. The next two can, if ap­ false accusations against Israel and Zionism. proved by the VA. The lowest category merits We state that the equation of Zionism and their Discharge Review Service has no benefits. helped veterans with less-than-honor­ racism by the Government of the Soviet The Army currently approves about 25 Union and other regimes is a calumny against able discharges-many of them arbitrar­ percent of the roughly 800 appeals it receives Israel and against Jews everywhere. Those ily given-upgrade those discharges. each month. who exploit this mockery of truth give aid March 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5031 and comfo1·t to the enemies of liberty, peace, tury: the murder of 6,000,000 Jews. But, to­ persons to psychiatric institutions for alleged justice and human brotherhood. day, this generation of Christians will not "mental illness." We declare that Jewish people, deriving be silent as we raise our voices in support We appeal for an end to the denial of pro­ immeasurable strength and spirit from the of the struggle to prevent the cultural and fessional status and educational opportuni­ State of Israel, shall resist and overcome spiritual annihilation of the Jews of the ties for Soviet Jews. those who seek to thwart its rightful aspil·a­ Soviet Union. We appeal for an end to the denial of exit tions. We assemble here in Brussels, in concert visas to scientists and soldiers for excessively We have listened to the messages of our with our Jewish brothers and sisters, to long periods on the theory that they possess brethren in the Soviet Union, declaring their make our profound anguish and concern national security "secrets." determination to emigrate to Israel and fol­ about the continued and continuing denial We appeal for an end to the harassment low the 100,000 Jews from the Soviet Union of human rights of Soviet Jews, and of other of persons by depriving them of employment who have succeeded in reaching the Jewish deprived groups and nationalities. when they apply for exit visas state. Our foremost Christian leaders and in­ We appeal for an end to the exorbitant We proclaim our faith and pride in their stitutions have all publicly condemned the taxation of gift moneys that are sent to fortitude, which adds new depth to the violation of human rights. Soviet Jews from abroad for relief. Jewish spirit. Pope Paul VI has declared: We appeal especially for an end to the We have heard the statements and commit­ "Human dignity is rooted in the image ruthless and brutal imprisonment of all mentls of delegations of Jewish communities and reflection of God in each of us. It is Prisoners of Conscience, both Jewish and from throughout the world. All affirm that this which makes all persons essentially Christian, and we urge that all such pris­ the Jewish people has never stood more equal. The integral development of persons oners be immediately released. united in solidarity with the Jews of the makes more clear the divine image in them. Further, as Christians we appeal to the USSR and with Israel, where so many of In our time the Church has grown more Soviet authorities to grant religious, cul­ them seek their freedom and fulfillment as deeply aware of this truth; hence she be­ tural, and educational institutions for the Jews, lieves firmly that the promotion of human perpetuation of Judaism and Jewish cul­ Now, Therefore, At the close of this Second rights is required by the Gospel and is cen­ ture, the lifting of the prohibition against Brussels Conference, we call upon the So· tral to her ministry ... 'The right of reli­ publishing Hebrew Bibles and pra.yerbooks, viet Union: gious liberty': This right uniquely reflects and the production of religious articles; the To respeet its own Constitution and laws, the dignity of the person as this is known permission to train rabbis and Jewish teach­ to fulfill its obligations as set forth in inter­ from the word of God and from reason it­ ers in both the Soviet Union and in semi­ national declarations and agreements in the self. Today it is denied or restricted by di­ naries abroad; the creation of a representa­ field of human rights and fundamental free­ verse political systems in ways which impede tive body of Soviet Jewry with freedom to dom, and to implement the Final Act of the worship, religious education, and social min­ communicate and associate with their co­ Helsinki Conference on Security and Cooper­ istry. We call upon all governments to ac­ rellgionists in other lands. ation in Europe. knowledge the right of religious liberty in While realizing our own failures and short­ To recognize and respect the right of Jews words and foster it in deeds, to eliminate comings in the vital area. of human rights, in the USSR to be united with their brethren any type of discrimination, and to accord to we nevertheless cannot remain silent or in­ all, regardless of their religious convictions, different in the fa.ce of the grave and de­ in the Land of Israel, the Jewish historic humanizing injustices that have been in­ homeland. the full rights and oppo1·tunities of citizens." To remove all obstacles in the way of those (October 23, 1974.) fiicted upon the Jews and other groups in The World Council of Churches at its 1975 the Soviet Union. who wish to leave and to desist from all To all persons denied religious liberty in harassment and intimidation. General Assembly in Nairobi, Kenya, fol­ the Soviet Union, to all who courageously To free forthwith the Assirei Zion-the lowing a discussion that involved a repudia­ defend human rights there, we pledge our Prisonera of Conscience incarcerated for their tion of the denial of human rights in the So­ solidarity with them as brothers and sisters. struggle to return to Zion. viet Union, declared: We will stand at their side until their free­ To recognize and respect the freedom of our "We emphasize the clause referring to dom and liberation is realized. We will not brethren within the Soviet Union to profess fundamental human rights as proclaimed by rest until human rights and justice prevail and practice their religion and to enjoy and the United Nations Declaration of Human in the Soviet Union, and everyplace where develop their cultural heritage and language. Rights. The churches have the responsibility humanity, the sacred image of God, is de­ To end the campaign of anti-Semitism and to be involved whenever it is necessary to filed. acts of discrimination against Jews. make clear that security and the develop­ To allow Jews in the Soviet Union to estab­ ment of genuinely human relationships "I the Lord have called you for the victory lish and maintain ties with the rest of the across frontiers go together." of justice, Jewish people. We must resound the calls for human I have grasped you by the hand; I formed On this historic occasion, we remember the i·ights until they are respected. We believe you and set you as a convenant of the ancient oath of our people: "For the sake of that when persons perceive themselves in­ people, a light for the nations. Zion, I will not remain silent a.pd for the capable of continuing their participation in To open the eyes of the blind, to bring sake of Jerusalem will not hold my peace:• a society, their decision must be fully prisoners out from confinement, As heirs of that tradition, we, representa­ respected. In such an eventuality, which And from the dungeon, those who live in tives of the Jewish people, solemnly declare always entails for the individuals concerned darkness." ( 42 : 6-7.) that for the sake of our brethren in the So· a difficult and painful predicament, the true viet Union, we shall not remain silent nor character of a society is measured by its We Christians, meeting at Brussels II, shall we hold our peace. understanding and generosity. A government keenly aware of the plight of all persons of that resorts to coercive methods and force conscience in the U.S.S.R., and especially Mr. Speaker, it was most encouraging against its citizens demonstrates both its pained by the harassment and persecution that at the Brussels Conference on So­ own weakness and its contempt for human of our Christian brothers and sisters, none­ viet Jewry a statement by the Christians integrity. Therefore, we speak now to the theless are convinced that the oppressed con­ leaders of the Soviet Union: Respect the dition of our Jewish brothers and sisters is present at that historic gathering was unique and in all specifics more rigorous also issued on February 19. human rights provisions of the Untied Nations Charter. Give the Jews their right than that faced by the Christian That statement, entitled "Call to to leave for countries of their choice, a right communities. Christian Conscience," was presented on Declaration of Human Rights. We call upon We urge our churches to make the Easter behalf of the National Inter-Religious the Soviet Union to implement those pro­ season of 1976, the Christian celebration of Task Force on Soviet Jewry by the able visions of the Helsinki Agreement which freedom and liberation, the occasion for dem­ director of that group, Sister Ann Gillen. relate to freedom of thought, conscience, onstrating our solidarity with all believers The Christians' statement at Brussels religion, and belief, as well as to the right of in the U.S.S.R. and the inauguration of a follows: people to emigrate. new exodus. CALL 'l'O CHRISTIAN CONSCIENCE . We appeal for an end to the wanton kidnapping of Jewish children, removing Brn~sels II Conference, February 17th- 19th, :;_976 them to compulsory boarding schools, and HON. FLORENCE DWYER thus, cruelly separating them from their We Christians-Catholics, Protestants, Evangelicals-from many parts of the families. HON. JOHN J. RHODES world-meet in Brussels thirty years after We appeal for an end to the drafting of the end of the Nazi Holocaust in Europe. We young Jewish men into the Soviet Armed OF ARIZONA are painfully aware that a majority of our Forces as a punitive measure. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fellow Christians of that generation ignored We appeal for an end to the sentencing of Monday, March 1, 1976 the ominous signs of the escalating Nazi innocent men and women to prison terms attacks upon the Jewish people-attacks that on false charges. Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, I know culminated in the nightmare of this cen- We appeal for an end to the transfer of that many Members of this body were 5032 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976 saddened to learn of the death of a for­ The Cherokee Nation apparently has Mr. Speaker, the State Democratic mer colleague, Florence Dwyer, who the water rights to the Arkansas River Party of Oklahoma recently adopted a passed away Sunday in Elizabeth, N.J. within its boundaries. If so, Chief Ross resolution recognizing Kenny's tireless During her many years of public serv­ Swimmer has indicated to me that the efforts, "on numerous occasions, both ice, in the State legislature, and for eight Cherokees would be very interested in upon request and voluntarily." In addi­ terms in Congress, she earned great ad­ considering transfer of surplus water tion, the resolution took note of Kenny miration and respect from her fellow from the Arkansas River to farmers in as one of the "most appreciated members Members, on both sides of the political western Oklahoma. Any number of :fi­ and valued friends" of the party. aisle. Flo Dwyer worked hard for the nancing arrangements are available In addition to the recognition he has causes she believed in~ especially for upon determination of costs involved in­ received from his own State party, the equal pay for women and for home rule cluding the possibility of Government Tulsa Labor Council has cited Kenny for the District of Columbia. She served loans, Government insured loans, or rev­ on two separate occasions for his many on the Banking and Currency Commit­ enue bonds. hours of volunteer service in the election tee, and was ranking Republican on the The potential increase in economic processes of his community. Upon the Government Operations Committee. She benefits from one wheat crop would more completion of 5,000 volunteer hours of served the 12th District, her State and than justify the cost of the three retain­ service, Kenny was presented with a gold the Nation with distinction. ing structures and diversion channels watch by the council, and after 10,000 The House lost an outstanding Mem­ around the points of pollution on tribu­ hours of such service, Kenny was recog­ ber, when she retired in 1972 and now taries of the Cimarron River and one on nized with a gift of a diamond tietack, many of us have lost a personal friend. a tributary of the Arkansas River. commemorating his many contributions a woman of great talent, a person of Revenues obtained by the Cherokees to the civic affairs of our city. charm and warmth, an unabashed pa­ from the sale of water from the Arkansas Mr. Speaker, it is a pleasure to join triot, who worked tirelessly for f aimess River for use in western Oklahoma could Kenny's many friends and associates in and progress. provide schools, hospitals, and roads extending our heartfelt gratitude for his Those of us who served with her feel throughout the Cherokee Nation and de­ dedicated efforts on behalf of better gov­ a great sense of personal loss in her crease their dependence on Government ernment in Oklahoma. Kenny has dem­ passing. subsidies. onstrated a very responsible brand of The Nation would benefit tremendous­ citizenship that each of us should strive ly from the increased agricultural pro­ for ourselves. He deserves the highest WATER PROBLEMS FOR OKLA­ duction which is the sing'Ie most impor­ praise and recognition, and I consider it HOMA'S WHEAT FARMERS tant factor in maintaining a favorable an honor and a privilege to be consid­ balance of trade position with the rest of ered among his many friends. the world. And eastern Oklahoma's lakes Hon. Theodore M. (Ted) Risenhoover would remain secure for the future de­ OF OKLAHOMA velopment of our own industrial ca­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pability. CHAMPUS BENEFITS Tuesday, March 2, 1976 Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, OKLAHOMANS PAY TRIBUTE TO HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST eastern Oklahoma has no choice but t.o KENNETH A. CLAIN OF VIRGINIA push rapidly toward solving the problem IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of increasing water demands for Tulsa and western Oklahoma's wheat farmers. HON. JAMES R. JONES Tuesday, March 2, 1916 If we fail to quickly take positive steps, OF OKLAHOMA Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, the then it is only a matter of time-perhaps IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES following letter to the editor appeared in a very short time-before a Federal or the Norfolk, Va., Ledger-Star on Wednes­ State court awards water rights to some Tuesday, March 2, 197fl day, February 25. It was written by Capt. other section of the State or region to Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, G. Russell Evans, USCG, retired, what it will determine is surplus water all Americans are indebted to that rela­ who makes some excellent points with in our lakes. tively small handful of local individuals regard to the proposed curtailment of I believe that pushing rapidly toward who take their citizenship privileges se­ CHAMPUS benefits. eliminating natural salt pollution of the riously, and consistently participate in I hope that my colleagues will give it Arkansas River offers the best solution to the affairs of their respective political their careful attention: that problem with the greatest economic parties. CHAMPUS BENEFITS benefits-not only for Oklahoma, Ar­ One such individual in Tulsa, Okla., To THE EDITOR: kansas, and Tennessee-but for the en­ who has contributed countless hours of Your Feb. 19 story a.bout curtailment of tire Nation and world. such volunteer service is Mr. Kenneth A. the Civilian Health and Medical Program For a. cost of only approximately $225,- Clain, a retired member of the Brother­ of the Uniformed services (CHAMPUS) 000,000, an estimated 70 percent of the hood of Railway and Airlines Clerks must have struck the some 200,000 benefi­ ciaries in this area like a bombshell. These Arkansas River's pollution can be elim­ Union, Local No. 2207. beneficiaries are the milltary and their de­ inated, making its water as good as the In Kenny's case, his years of service pendents, active and retired. Illinois and Baron Fork. Keystone Lake have been dedicated primarily on behalf Some observations on this precipitous ac­ would then become a dependable source of candidates representing the Demo­ tion by our "economy-minded" Congress ID!\Y of water for the future needs of Tulsa, cratic Party. I think it important to note, be in order: Creek, and Osage Counties, eliminating however, that Kenny's work to register g would have been nice to have given the prospect of someday pumping water new voters, disseminate literature on some advance notice to these people, rather from Lake Tenkiller or damming up the than having them suddenly read about it current issues, and educate citizens on in the paper. For example, a few months' Illinois River north of Tahlequah. the importance of voter participation, or a. year's warning would have provided Downstream Muskogee, Sallisaw, Fort stands as a vital contribution to all vot­ time to make alternative hospitalization Smith, Little Rock, Pine Bluff, and ers, regardless of their particular politi­ plans. Memphis, Tenn., and all the smaller cal affiliation. Retirees and their dependents are prob­ towns along the Arkansas waterway I believe Kenny's contributions to par­ ably the hardest hit. These are the people, could realize great economic benefits. ticipatory democracy in Tulsa and our substantially on fixed incomes, who, for the The average daily flow is 31,300 cubic State serve as an excellent example to past 10 years since CHAMPUS first became effective, have depended on CHAMPUS for feet per second from Oklahoma into Ar­ younger citizens of our society. He has their primary hospitalization coverage. They kansas. Arkansas is legally entitled to demonstrated the importance of indi­ built their plans around CHAMPUS. Now they only 12,520 cubic feet per second. That vidual concern and effort to elect the are some years older, civllfan insurance costs means 60 percent of the present flow best possible public officials at every are up accordingly, and CHAMPUS ts cur­ across the stateline is identifiable surplus level of government, whether they be Re­ tailed. This could put many into financial water. publican, Democrat or Independent. straits. 1-Ylatch 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5033 Congress' plan calls for CHAMPUS bene­ regrettably, to attract a good deal of public has an opposite reaction-can also apply to ficiaries to use military medical facilities applause, namely that bureaucratic manip­ economics. But in economics, the long-term when available. But the Navy regional medi­ ulation of agricultural exports can be em­ reaction may not be merely equal to our cal officer already says there's a shortage of ployed effectively and without adverse side shortsighted action. It may be worse. facilities and doctors. So, presumably, CHAM­ effects to combat domestic inflation. Those PUS beneficiaries can now expect crowding who would invoke or support such restric­ into wards. Some years ago, this was my ex­ tions as a knee-jerk i·eaction to rising food perience when my wife had a fatal illness. No prices would do well to consider some of the FLORENCE BALLARD: HER LIFE amount of persuasion could get her even a more pertinent facts, facts which clearly say AND ART emi-private room, so we went to a civilian otherwise. hospital. While no one denies some trickle up ef­ These retirees gave the prime of their lives fect of sizable farm exports on food prices, HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. to serving their country. Curtailment of the net effect of such exports is overwhelm­ OF MICHIGAN CHAMPUS is another instance of demoraliz­ ingly anti-inflationary. The reason is this: ing !),nd chopping away of our defense forces. At a time when this country is navigating IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If our military personnel, active and re­ in economic shoal waters with regard to its Tuesday, March 2, 1976 tired, accept this ploy lying down and be­ balance of payments, the agricultural sector trayal by our liberal, irresponsible Congress, of our economy is literally "carrying" the Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, a week then perhaps they deserve it. If not, a flood of less efficient and less competitive non-agri­ ago Sunday a great woman, who was one letters, protests and articles could very well cultural sector. A positive U.S. trade balance of my constituents, passed away. Flor­ change things. last year resulted only because a $12 billion ence Ballard, formerly of the world-re­ G. RUSSELL EVANS. agricultural trade surplus more than erased nowned vocal group, The Supremes, died a non-agricultural trade deficit of $10 bil­ lion. of cardiac arrest. She stood tall in good There is no reason to view this situation times and bad. I have lost a dear and as a temporary aberration. With imported good friend, and the country has lost a THE PERILS OF EXPORT oil continuing to cost us dearly and other unique spirit and artistic talent. MANIPULATION nations matching and ever surpassing our The story of her life and of her con­ industrial productivity, there is little like­ tributions to our culture is poignantly lihood of maneuvering our non-agricultural eulogized by Charles Osgood of CBS HON. PAUL FINDLEY trade balance into the black any time soon. News, and I commend it to the atten­ OF ILLINOIS The agricultural prospects are considerably brighter. With farm exports of $21 billion tion of my colleagues. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and fann imports (sugar, coffee, bananas, The article follows: Tuesday, March 2, 1976 etc.) of $9 billion, our agricultural trade is FLORENCE BALLARD: HER LIFE AND ART already in the black by a ratio of better (By Charles Osgood) Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, political than two to one. And it can move even fur­ manipulation of agricultural exports is ther in that direction in the years ahead Everybody has ups and downs in life, but if government will refrain from undermin­ for Florence Ballard the ups were higher costly to farmers initially. Ultimately, the and the downs lower than for most people. American consumer and taxpayer also ing farmers'. opportunities and incentives. What has this to do with inflation and, Florence had been drinking when they lose. indeed, the overall health of the American brought her into the Emergency Room of Warren W. Lebeck, president of the economy? Plenty. For one thing, the pur­ Detroit's Mt. Carmel Mercy Hospital on Sat­ Chicago Board of Trade, understands chasing power of the U.S. dollar is linked urday night. And the drinking was bad, be­ the perils of export manipulation and directly to our balance of payments. Any cause she had also been taking drugs, medi­ why other nations resent our attempts sharp curtailment of agricultural exports in cation for controlling her weight and to to export inflation through export con­ our present precarious position would send counteract high blood pressure. It was not the dollar's value skidding down the same so very long ago that Florence and her trol. He understands how export controls friends were riding high; they were singing weaken our reliability as a supplier of hlll as, for example, the British pound. This would, in turn, trigger a potentially steep stars with eight gold records and the world goods, not just to the target country, but rise in the dollar cost of everything we im­ by the tan. The three girls, Florence Ballard to other customers as well. port. Considering that we currently import and her friends, Mary and Diana, grew up in I recommend close attention to Mr. around $100 billion worth of various items a public housing project: the Brewster Hous­ Lebeck's article, "The Perils of Export each year, the consequences could far out­ ing Project in Detroit. They were all from Manipulation", from the Washington weigh whatever effect agricultural exports poor families, but they could sing. And Flor­ Post, February 24, 19'76. of $21 billion a year have on the cos·t of ence and Mary and Diana signed on with a food. new hot recording label there in Detroit Text follows: Moreover, other nations rightfully re­ called Motown. And the Motown people work­ THE PERILS OF EXPORT lV!ANIPULATION gard-and resent--the capricious imposition ed with them and polished their perform­ (By Warren W. Lebeck) of export controls as an attempt by the ances and gave them good material to work When the administration slammed the United States to "export its inflation." When with, and developed a certain sound for them. door on grain and soybean exports to the soybeans were embargoed in 1973 after Florence and Mary and Diana became stars as Soviet Union this past summer, albeit only reaching the political panic point of $11 a the Supremes. The Supremes cut eight gold temporarily, the action drew predictable pro­ bushel, the price on European markets records in the space of less than two years tests from farmers and praise from such self­ promptly soared to almost $17 a bushel. The group performed throughout the world. appointed consumer spokesmen as Mr. George In restricting our food exports, we run In those days, Florence Ballard drove two Meany. In at least one respect, the Russian more than a minor risk of retaliation. And Cadillacs, a golden Fleetwood and a plum­ response was equally as predictable: Faced this country is doubly vulnerable. We are rose El Dorado. But in many wa.ys success with an urgent need to make up for a dis­ vulnerable to actions that would restrict the is harder to cope wit:b.. than failure for some astrous sunflower crop, it placed orders to availability and raise the prices of items we people. There were rumors of dissension, buy upward of 50 million bushels of soybeans export, including industrial goods. The re­ quarrels among the girls. And in 1967 at a from Brazil, at a cost of about $6 a bushel. sult in the first instance is an increase in certain performance, Diana Ross and Mary Ironically it was an ill-advised American our cost of living and the result in the sec­ Wilson were joined by a new third member soybean export embargo two years earlier ond instance is a loss of jobs and income. by the name of Cindy Birdsong. Florence that helped position Brazil to reap the bene­ By refusing to position ourselves as a re­ was out. fits of this roughly $300 million sale. On that liable supplier we eventually destroy our She always said, after that, that she had occasion, a U.S. abrogation of existing sales markets. I was in Japan shortly after the been tricked into quitting the Supremes. She commitments prompted two of our largest disastrous U.S. soybean embargo of 1973. claimed they told her she would get more customers, Japan and West Germany, to seek When I discussed it with an official there, than a million dollars if she agreed to leave (and reportedly subsidize) a more reliable no translator was needed to convey his re­ the group. She did leave, but never did get source of supply. Brazil was able and anxious. action. Like many Japanese who consume money. There was an $8.7-million lawsuit In the two years since then it has doubled its soy protein directly in their diets, he was against Motown, her former lawyer and the annual production and now accounts for indignant in the nth degree 'that soybeans Supremes. But the Wayne County Circuit one fourth of the world's soybean exports­ were being withheld from Japanese children Court dismissed that case in 1971. a market the U.S. could once call virtually so that they could be fed instead to Ameri­ Florence Ballard married a former Motown private property. By 1980, Brazil is expected can hogs. That the reaction wasn't limited employee named Thomas Chapman. They to double production again, almost solely to indignation is evidence by Japan's re­ had two children. But they, too, had trouble. for export. liance on a supplier (Brazil) that is re­ The Chapmans separated in 1973. Last year, All of this might be just so much statistics garded as more reliable. that same woman who once owned the golden except that it illustrates the folly of a con­ Our government must somehow learn that Fleetwood and the plum-rose El Dorado had tinuing political hypothesis that appears, age-old law of science-that every action lost her home through foreclosure and was 5034 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976 living in a two-family fiat with her daughters We mourn his passing, and we will miss Whereas, The Federal Interagency Task and her mother and her sister. She and the him, but we are glad to have shared his Force on Inadvertent Modification of the daughters were supported by payments from Stratosphere has concluded that there ls Aid to Dependent Children, a grand total friendship along life's way. Mr. Speaker, I would like to include in reason for serious concern over the use of of $67 a week. fiuorocarbon propellants which are sus­ Florence Ballard wanted to make a come­ my remarks, the following article from pected of working their way into the strato­ back. She said: "I don't want my children the Washington Star of today: sphere and depleting the ozone layer; there­ growing up thinking of me as 'My mother, on COL. JOHN L. KLEINHANS, 61; MARINE Asso­ fore be it ADC'". Her former husband was unemployed, CIATION OFFICIAL Resolved, That the House of Representa­ so he wasn't much help at the time, but Retired Marine Corps Col. John L. Klein­ tives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania then things got some better for him and he hans, 61, an executive vice president of the m·ge the Federal Interagency Task Force on and Florence got back together, and just Leatherneck Association, died Sunday in the Inadvertent Modification of the Stratosphere recently they moved with the kids to a house National Naval Medical Center. He lived on to continue to study the possible ill effects of on the northwest side of Detroit, and bought Edgewater Drive in Falls Church. fluorocarbon propellants on the atmosphere themselves a new car and it looked like Kleinhans retired from the Marine Corps and on human well being; and be it further maybe things were going to be all right, two years ago. At the time of his death he Resolved, That copies of this resolution be comeback or no. was executive assistant to the director of transmitted to the President of the United But then, on Saturday night, Florence was the Veterans Administration's National States, the Federal Interagency Task Force wheeled into the Emergency Room at the Cemetery System. on Inadvertent Modification of the Strato­ Mt. Carmel Mercy Hospital terribly sick. And A native of Ohio, Kleinhans was a star sphere and to each Senator and Representa­ yesterday she died. Cardiac arrest, they say. football player at Ohio State University in tive from Pennsylvania in the Congress of Her heart stopped. the 1930s. For many years he was a football the Unit ed States. One of the biggest records the Supremes recruiting scout for Ohio State coaches Paul ever made was a song called "Where Did Our Brown and Woody Hayes. He also played bas­ Love Go?" In love and in life there are good ketball at Ohio State. times and bad for everybody. For Florence Kleinhans enlisted in the Marine Corps Ballard there were such giddy peaks, such during World War II and served 14 months FLORENCE V. LUCAS DAY deep valleys. She was 32 years old. before he was commissioned. He was a member of the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Marine Corps HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO Reserve Officers Association and the Marine OF NEW YORK Corps League. COL. J. L. "RED" KLEINHANS IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES MEMORABLE OHIO MARINE He leaves his wife, Betty Jane; a daughter, Ginny L., at the home, and a son, James L., Tuesday, March 2, 1976 of Blaine, Minn. His sister, Dolly Saxbe, is the wife of the U.S. ambassador to India. Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, I am HON. CLARENCE J. BROWN Services will be held at 3 p.m. tomorrow pleased to inform my colleagues in the OF OHIO in the Ft. Myer Chapel, with burial in Arling­ House that on February 22, 1976, Hon. ton Cemetery. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Florence V. Lucas was honored by the The family suggests that expressions of Queens region of the National Con­ Tuesday, March 2, 1976 sympathy be in the form of contributions to ference of Christians and Jews for her the American Cancer Society or to the U.S. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, Marine Youth Foundation, Inc., 3003 Chelt­ dedication, work, and faith in the broth­ with sincere sorrow I announce that a enham Road, Toledo, Ohio, 43606. erhood of man and her outstanding serv­ distinguished Ohioan, a popular and in­ ice to our community. At that time domitable Marine, and a good man, Col. Queens Borough president, the Honor­ John L. "Red" Kleinhans, has died. able Donald R. Manes proclaimed Febru­ To his wife, Betty, his sister, Dolly FURTHER STUDY OF AEROSOLS ary 22 as Florence V. Lucas Day. Saxbe, and to all his family whom he NEEDED Because I am proud to call Florence loved so much, Joyce and I extend our a personal friend and because I have ad­ deepest sympathies. mired her as an attorney and dedicated Red Kleinhans fought his .last great HON. JOSHUA EILBERG community worker through the years, I battle against the impossible odds of OF PENNSYLVANIA am placing in the RECORD at this point unrelenting cancer with the same spirit IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES a copy of proclamation issued on this oc­ and courage with which he had liv.ed. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 casion: Red enjoyed countless friendships. BOROUGH OF QUEENS, CITY OF NEW YORK, None was closer than his Marine com­ Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, recent PROCLAMATION rade from Korean service, Colonel Henry scientific evidence has shown a link be­ Whereas, Florence V. Lucas has led a life Bransom, who kept him company tween destruction of the ozone layer of of constant self-examination. and uncom­ throughout the ordeal of his illness, and the Earth's atmosphere and certain promising commitment to justice and broth­ to the end. Red deserved such devotion, chemicals found in aerosol propellants. erhood; and because he gave of himself so unselfishly Some researchers indicate that deple­ Whereas, her life has been an outstanding tion of parts of the ozone will allow more example of unselffish service to innumerable to the multitude who came within his community, civic, religious and civil rights circle of friendship. General Lewis W. harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun organizations; and Walt was a very special friend. Major to reach the Earth, increasing cases of Whereas, her life, still open to and chal­ General Walter Churchill of Toledo skin cancer. Other harmful effects on lenged by high and meaningful callings, has shared Red's dedication to youth fitness both plant and animal life are still under been crowned by effective and prestigious programs and was close to his Marine observation. achievements for her fellowman, especially Corps League activities. With these and At this time I would like to share with the disadvantaged, the exploited and the my colleagues a resolution adopted by downtrodden; and other Marine Corps friends, Red helped Whereas, Florence V. Lucas will be ap­ pioneer a program of "orienteering" the House of Representatives of the propriately honored at a dinner by the throughout the United States. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Febru­ Queens Region of the National Conference One of Red's greatest admirers is our ary 27, 1976, urging further study of of Christians and Jews, Inc., on Sunday, House Minority Clerk, Brigadier General ftuorocarbon propellants and their pos­ February 22nd, 1976, at Antun's Restaurant, Joe Bartlett, who succeeded Colone.I sible dangers : Now, therefore, I, Donald R. Manes, Presi­ dent of the Borough of Queens, the City of ~einhans as Commanding Officer of HOUSE RESOLUTION No. 126 New Yorlt, do hereby proclaim Brotherhood Marine Corps Reserve VTU-4-1 here in Whereas, The world's invisible shield Week Sunday, February 22nd, 1976 Florence Washington. Red was a. faithful partici­ against skin cancer may be damaged by V. Lucas Day in Queens ln recognition of her fluorocarbon propellants used in aerosol cans; pant in the Congressional Marines dedication, work and faith in the high ideals Breakfast group, which I have enjoyed and Whereas, Depletion of ozone in the strato­ of the Brotherhood of Man under the Father­ attending, and I have observed how sphere which filters out much of the ultra­ hood of God. ready he was to respond whenever an violet radiation. from the sun, will cause Done at Borough Hall, Kew Gardens, in the extra hand was needed. That is the kind increases in human skln cancer as well as City of New York, on this the second day of of man Red Kleinhans was, and there possible harm to plants, animals, and the February, in the year one thousand nine are far too few of them in this world. environment; and hundred and seventy-six. March 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5035 Now their work is paying off as tourists . from up to $700 a day to $7. "I couldn't afford NEW YORK TIMES SAYS ST. CROIX to pay the store rent, so I took over the TOURISM IS REBOUNDING are rediscovering the delights of our hotel," she said. "At the same time, every largest Virgin Island as indicated in the store on the waterfront went out. Avis closed. Times report. The community went into shock.'' HON. RON DE LUGO At this paint, Mr. Speaker, I should "The entire island was up for grabs," re- OF THE vmGIN ISLANDS like to include the February 23, 1976 art­ called a leading banker. · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES icle from the Times for the edification of The scene today at Fountain Valley sym­ bolizes the recovery. Visitors casually sip Tuesday, March 2, 1976 the Members of this body: ST, CROIX TOURISM REBOUNDING FROM drinks on the terrace where the shootings occurred and more than 125 golfers a day Mr. DE LUGO. M~.. Speaker, in 1972 a PLUNGE CAUSED BY '72 CRIMES bizarre crime was committed by a gang swarm over the rolling wooded course, which (By Ralph Blumenthal) is owned by David and Laurance Rockefeller. on the island of St. Croix. The incident, CHRISTIANSTED, V.I.-Tourlsm, represent­ "We're seeing a lot of faces we haven't seen an armed robbery which took several ing about 55 percent of the economy is since then [the shootings]," said the m.an­ lives, sent shock waves through the en­ abloom again on the United States posses­ ager, Euan McFarlane. "We say 'It's good to tire· community. But the spectacular sion of St. Croix, three years after a series of see you back.' They say, 'It's good to be back.' crime so alien to the normal peaceful­ violent crimes all but shattered the tourist And that's all anybody says." ness ~f the islands, w;:i,s sensationalized industry and the Caribbean island's confi­ The comeback campaign involved three through the world's news media which dence in its future. stages, according to Dr. Rimple. "First," he misinterpreted its causes as it misrepre­ "Two 707's today, full" John Holly, the said, "we had to demonstrate the perpetra­ American Airlines representative here, ex­ tors would be tried and punished so it didn't sented what actually happened. ulted as the small, open-air island airport appear the government condoned the vio­ The consequence of this attention terminal filled with the latest pale arrivals. lence. Next, we set out new public safety being focused on St. Croix was devastat­ "That's more than St. Thomas. Man, we're priorities, established new security measures. ing to the island's tourism economy. killing them!" Then we got the message out." Business suffered severely even long after There is a long standing rivalry between "The message" was that St. Croix was not a the perpetrators of the crime were st. Croix and its sister island. The third of jungle after all and the word was carried by securely locked away in prison. Quite the United States Virgin Islands, St. John, an ambitious public relations campaign naturally, prospective vacationers did is smaller and less developed. called "Project St. Croix." The drive brought In Christiansted, Marcia Weber gleefully in thousands of travel agents, at a cost to the not want to travel to relax in a place contemplated the visitors flocking to her Government alone of $350,000, to experience they thought might be as unsafe as their husband's glass-bottom boat, the Reef Queen. the island for themselves and see that vio­ homes or worse. The fact that St. Croix's "Want to come over tonight when I go over lence had indeed been isolated. problems were not those of constant the accounts?" she asked a friend whooper­ In addition, a women's professional golf mass murders as widely misreported was ates a hotel. tournament was held at Fountain Valley, to secondary to the island's reputation. The resurgence has pleasantly surprised help disl>el the course's grim image. And Several Members have inquired about some new entrepreneurs. Six weeks ago, all segments of Crusan society-taxi driv­ David and Tinker Riggs of San Diego took ers, teachers, merchants, among others­ the situation on St. Croix and queried over the gift and gem shop in the King heard lectures on how to deal with tourists. whether social conditions have stabilized Christian Hotel. Business has been lively. Project St. Croix was initially chiefly pow­ since the awful crime of September 1972. "People come in and ask us if we have lapls ered, participants agree, by Mrs. Sperber. A We have been appreciative of their inter­ lazuli, or some other kind of weird mineral," 45-year-old former pop record agent who est and sought to assure them of tpe is­ said Mrs. Riggs. "I say, 'We don't know. Look promoted such stars as Jlmi Hendrix and land's friendliness. But the real problem around and tell us if we do.' " such hits as "Simple Simon Says," Mrs. Sper­ that remained as a result of the crime The bold turnaround is traceable to much ber, everyone interviewed agreed, provided was the tarnished image that prompted hard work by St. Croix's hotel operators and the drive and organization that galvanized Members' concern and deterred vaca­ other businessmen and government leaders, the island rehabllitatlon campaign. to aggressive new marketing techniques and "It took someone like Betty from outside tioners. to changing attitudes by Crusans, business­ to straighten things out," said Hanne Ras­ This problem could only be eradicated men and visitors alike. mussen, who with her husband Bent, runs by an aggressive public relations effort "We look back on the unfortunate inci­ the Top Hat, a popular Danish restaurant in the islands as well as on the United dents as part of the times," said Dr. Augustus here. States mainland in which the true iden­ Rimple, Commissioner of Commerce and Of course, more than just a good publlc­ tity of the problem was promoted. At the Tourism for the Virgin Islands. "We figure relations effort was responsible for the turn­ same time the actual impediments the we lag behind the mainland about a year in around. The mainland economic resurgence our trends. What happened to the black gave the island a shot in the arm, as did the island had to rebecoming a tourist haven power movement here? What happened to Jewish boycott of Mexico after that coun­ had to be dealt with. it on the mainland? It came and went." try's vote in the United Nations equating These rejuvenation efforts have been The comeback could scarcely have been Zionism with racism-tourists came here in­ spectacularly successful and rate more envisioned in the grim days that followed the stead. attention than the abelTant incident of massacre of eight persons, including two There ls also a large bauxite plant and 1972. But as "good news" they are less tourist couples, on the dining terrace of the large oil refinery complex here that are aid­ likely to grab headlines than more sen­ Fountain Valley Golf Club on Sept. 6, 1972. ing the local economy. The Virgin Islands Five young black men, three of them Viet­ budget is about $117 million a year. sational incidents. nam war veterans, pa1·t of a bizarre forest The American administration here remains Even so there has been some atten­ gang, were convicted a year later for the another powerful drawing card for tourists. tion to St. Croix's efforts to rebuild its shootings and are serving life terms. "It's just comforting to see that ol' red, white tourist trade. I was pleased to note last The motive for the murders ls still unclear and blue," said Ira Kaplan, a tourist from Tuesday a feature article in the New but robbery and racial hostility were in­ Highland Park, Ill. York Times chronicling these efforts. volved. The Fountain Valley attack was fol­ "The world ls four years older now, more The article points out that the most lowed by a string of other, apparently un­ sophisticated,'' said Diel~ Doumang, owner successful and influential efforts were connected shootings that spread panic and of the Belongo Bay Hotel on St. Thomas, cut sharply into the then-flourishing tourist which also suffered from the St. Croix vio­ those initiated by the citizens of St. Croix trade on this island of 50,000 residents. lence. "If the same terrible thing were to themselves. Although government mar­ The number of visitors to the island of happen today, it would have less of an im­ shaled extensive resources to ameliorate gently rolling hills and old Spanish settle­ pact. There was a break-in at the hotel. I St. Croix's problems and tell the world ments plunged. was devastated, so apologetic. But the guests about that, the most convincing promo­ From 243,000 air arrivals in St. Croix in were cooler than me, they told me stories of tions were stimulated by the private sec­ the 1971-72 fiscal year, the number dropped break-ins they had had at their pharmacy tor. to 217,000, the following year and to 157,000 at home." Primarily, these initiatives were the in 1973-74. Last year it was up to 159,000. The Crusans, too, have changed. Where By September of 1973, at the time of the once the flow of tourist dollars might have work of Project: St. Croix, under the di­ Fountain Valley trial, recalled Betty Sper­ been taken for granted, it is now seen as rection of the very able hotelier, Mrs. ber, now owner with her husband Irwin of something that can be shut off, with deva­ Betty Sperber. This group of energetic the King Christian, occupancy at the stating local consequences. civic boosters did much to recreate a cli­ 38-room wharfside hotel was down to 16 "We learned too,'' said Bob Armstrong, mate of hospitality on St. Croix and percent. The next month it fell to 13 percent. owner of the Buccaneer Hotel, one of the make the world aware of St. Croix's At the time, Mrs. Sperber was operating the island's luxury resorts. "All of us learned friendliness. hotel's gift shop. Revenues there dropped about salesmanship. We had never done real 503.S EXTENSIONS OF REMAR1'S. March 2, 1976 promoting before. But there's a real danger hoped you will continue your highly com­ Tp.at has been the Hughes empire's aver­ here. If everybody starts thinking again we've mendable efforts to attain that goal. age daily take from America's taxpayers for got a toy we can't break, it'll start all over The Soviet Fishing Institute strongly sup­ 10 years now. Since 1965, Hughes compa:nies· again." ports the principles and objectives embodied have received more than $6 billion in con­ in J:I.R. 10318 and urges i~s adoption by the tracts from neai-ly a dozen different depart­ Congress at an early date. It will be appre­ ments ·and ag~ncies of the federal govern­ PORT FISHING INSTITUTE SUP· ciated if this letter can be included in the ment. PORTS TOXIC SUBSTANCES CON­ record.of hearings on this important measure And that puts Howard Hughes in a class TROL BILL so that our position on the issue will be by himself. Hughes and his enterprises, as known by all concerned. measured by all the .available evidence, re­ Sincerely yours, ceive more American tax money--over $11.6 GILBERT C. RADONSKI, million a week, every week-than is paid to HON. BOB ECKHARDT Executive Secretary. any other privately controlled business in OF TEXAS the world. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When trying to understand the manner in which Hughes has managed, at a cost to tax­ Tuesday, March 2, 1976 PURSUING THE GREAT WHITE payers of billions, to become almost a literal Mr. ECKHARDT. Mr. Speaker, it gives WHALE extension of the federal government, it is me great pleasure to insert the following necessary to think in terms of Howard letter from the Sport Fishing Institute Hughes' Washington. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON . Howard Hughes' Washington is a different which supports the Toxic Substances OF MASSACHUSETTS place than your Washington or Gerald Ford's Control Act reported by the Subcom­ Washington or even the rest of the defense mittee on Consumer Protection and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES industry's Washington. Finance. The Interstate and Foreign Tuesday, March 2, 1976 Howard Hughes' Washington is a place of Commerce Committee will soon take up intricate deals, shadowy alliances and quiet consideration of this bill. Ih considering Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, one understandings, a place from which the mil- · the bill, I hope my colleagues will keep of the most paradoxical figures on the lions of dollars flow forth in a never-ending American scene today-or perhaps I stream-and a place where even the law it­ in mind the points outlined in this letter. should say off the American ·scene-is self seems to have been suspended, and none SPORT FISHING INSTITUTE, the multibillionaire recluse Howard of the usual requirements of accountability 608 Thirteenth Street NW., or performance or competition seem to hold Washington, D.C., February 17, 1976. Hughes. While working intimately with sway. · Hon. ROBERT ECKHARDT, the U.S. Government on a variety of And each year Howard Hughes' Washington 1741 Longworth House Office Buildi ng, major projects and accumulating tre­ grows larger, and the river of lucrative con­ Washington, D.C. mendous wealth and power, he has re­ tracts flows more swiftly. DEAR CONGRESSMAN ECKHARDT: Your con1- mained as elusive and enigmatic as the So much so that in some phases of his ments i·egarding the need for passage of your fabled Moby Dick, moving from place business activities, Howard Hughes has be­ pr9posed Toxic Substance Control Act (H.R. to place fa a roil of aides and security come almost a clandestine branch of the 10318), which appeared in the Jam~ary 28, men, never surfacing completely. Some federal ·government, operating in total 1976, issue of the. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD are have seriously suggested thait he doesn't secrecy, guaranteed secret profits, checked or warmly applauded by the Sport Fishing monitored by no outside force whatsoever. Institute. exist at all. Scores of employees from more than a half­ I would like to take this opportunity to Two reporters for the Philadelphia In­ dozen different agencies of the federal gov­ point out that, in addition to the loss of quirer played Ahab to this leviathan for ernment-from the Federal Bureau of In­ revenues and jobs to commercial fishermen several months last year and proved by vestigation to the Defense· Department­ that you noted in your comments, a great their efforts that pursuing the Howard move effortlessly from the government pay­ 19ss and potential disaster faces the recrea­ Hughes riddle has importance well be­ roll to the Hughes payroll. tional fishermen and the industry they sup­ yond the simple thrill of the hunt. Ex­ At the same time, governmental bodies port in the same waters you discussed. In from the Civil Aeronautics Board to the In­ 1970, about five billion dollars was spent empted from restraints and standards ternal Revenue Service to, on occasion, tl\e nationally by 33,158,000 habitual recreational that apply to ordinary mortals, Hughes federal courts themselves, again shield and fishermen. Without control of toxic sub­ is the business counterpart to certain exempt Hughes from the rules, regulations stances, recreational fishing is seriously privileged sectors of government and and laws that bind other businesses ancl jeopardized. organized crime which also lie beyond citizens. . In 1972 Congress enacted P.L. 92-500 (the the law. These three elements not only All this takes . place_ agai.nst a shadowy · Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend­ tend to coexist, the reporters indicate, backdrop of occui•rences that include: secret ments of 1972) that set as its goal "fishable" political contributions; business dealings and "swimmable" waters by 1983. The time but sometimes form alliances of tremen­ punctuated by suicides; stated campaigns to frame may have to be modified, but the goal dous mutual advantage. buy and Gontrol politicians; sharply inflated is achievable. Yet that goal, and all the time The Inquirer expose, which ran as a markups on government. contracts; and the and money spent to achieve it, will have series between December 14 and 20, 1975, failure of both the Watergate special prose­ proved substantially meaningless if the fish emphasizes the Hughes-government side cutor's office and the Senate Watergate Com­ and other aquatic organisms from those wa­ of the triangle, tagging the national mittee to investigate the full range of ters are not fit for human consumption be­ security bureaucracy as the mogul's Hughes' ties to the administration and the cause of low-level contamination of their associ.ates of former President Richard M. flesh by toxic substances! This nation can no "silent partner." The reporters, Donald Nixon. · longer tolerate the discharge of toxic sub­ Barlett and James Steele, deserve high These are but a few of the findings to stances into its water courses. Toxic· sub­ praise for the thoroughness of their emerge from an eight-month investigation of stances control legislation would greatly en­ work, as does their newspaper for devot­ Hughes' business oper.a~ions by The Inquir­ hance the significance of measures carried ing so much space to the subject. er-an investigation in whbh the United out under P .L. 92-500 and assure that safe I am inserting the series in the RECORD States government has gone to extraordinary and clean waters will be available for vitally in daily installments, the first of which lengths to protect Hughes. . important drinking and recreational pur­ follows: Federal agencies and departments have en­ poses. gaged in a variety of stalling practices, re­ P.L. 92- 500 does, of course, call for strict HOWARD HUGHES: HE HAS A SILENT PARTNER­ fusing to answer reql'.!ests for information, limitation on toxic substances discharge. . THE U.S. GOVERNMENT den:Y.ing the existence of certain docul!l-ents, The problem is that the Environmental Pro­ (By Donald L. Barlett and James B. Steele) wthholding documents the courts have ruled tection Agency has not implemented that ob­ In all likelihood., today will be just an­ are public records, arid even· notifying Hughes jective because the Agency contends it lacks other normal day .in the life of Howard companies of specific requests for public rec­ sufficient authority to apply the kind of re­ Robard Hughes, the richest ..:recluse on the ords that were made by this newspaper. strictions that would serve effectively to cur­ face of the earth. . DATA WITHHELD tail such discharges into America's waters. No one really knows, of course, just what On several oc.casions, Defense Department Passage of H.R. 10313 would serve to move life is lilce for Howard Hughes. Only one officials promptly notified executives of a the EPA off dead cent er on this issue. thing is certain: Before the sun sets on an Hughes company-and even a former Hughes In addition to providing the EPA with the average day, Howard Hughes, secreted away executive-of the details of Inquirer requests needed authority for control of toxic sub­ in a two-story suite atop the Xanadu Prin­ to examine certain public records. The re­ stances, there is a great need to spell out the cess Hotel on Grand Bahama Island, will have quests were made under proyisions of the respective roles of manufacturers and gov­ collected nearly $1.7' million more from the Federal Freedom of Information' Act. ' ernmental agencies in assuring that only safe United States Trea:sur'y thaD: he had when ·In one ·case, Hughes officials· advised the compounds reach the marlrnt place. It is the sun rose in the 'inorn.ing: Defense·nepartment that they were opposed Ma·rch 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5037 to the release of the documents; that they, $536.4: million· to $1.175 billion-an increase charges of divulging state secrets, but the indeed, would consider it "catastrophic." The of 119 percent. overall investigation was hampered by the Defense Department then told The Inquirer While the cost of the Hughes system has suicide of his two colleagues and the that the material could not be made public. gone up 119 percent, the cost of 23 other departure to the United States of Hughes The records i·equested by tae newspaper major Navy weapons systems has risen just Aircraft's representative, placing him beyond consist of routine, but secret, audit 1·eports 40 percent. The unit price of the Hughes the reach of Japanese authorities. One side­ of how Hughes companies have spent $5.7 system has climbed from $225,000 to light of the scandal were charges that the billion in tax money in connection with mili­ $464,000-a jump of 106 percent. Hughes Japanese partner in a defense con­ tary contracts. Hughes business and political practices. tract had channeled secret political contri­ The Inquirer investigation, which stretched The Hughes Tool Co., now Hughes' Summa butions to Japan's premier. from New York to Los Angeles and from Corp., was awarded the disputed Army con­ Miami to Mexico, established that Hughes tract to build the 714 light observation heli­ has received favored treatment from federal copters in May 1965 on the basis of a low agencies and the federal courts, against this bid of $19,860 per air frame. The bid was at WHY SOUTI-"': AFRICA? background: least $10,000 below the cost to Hughes of The flow of tax money to Howard Hughes. constructing the machine, according to con­ Over the last decade, eight of every lP con­ gressional testimony. In fact, the bid so HON. DONALD M. FRASER tracts entered into with Howard R. Hughes' surprised the Army that it sent a telegram OF MINNESOTA companies by the federal government were to the company, asking if perhaps a steno­ awarded without competitive bidding. graphic error had not been made. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Of $813.2 million in military contracts There was no error, Hughes assured the Tuesdav, March 2, 1976 awarded to -Hughes Aircraft Co. in fiscal 1974 Army, and a contract was signed. Then, less alone, 78 percent of the dollar total were than a year later, the Army-in the midst of Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, Nieman awarded without competitive bidding. The a steadily escalating Vietnam War-asked Reports is the quarterly publication of average for all other defense contractol's was Hughes to supply 121 of the helicopters ahead the Nieman Foundation for Journalism 86 percent. of schedule. Hughes responded by saying the at Harvard University. In the first six months of fiscal 1975, price had nearly tripled, from $19,860 to Jim Thomson; Curator of the Nieman Hughes Aircraft received $62!::.l million in $55,000. The Ariny decided it did not want Fellowships and editor of the publica­ military contracts, with 93 percent of the the 121 helicopters rushed off the assembly tion, sent me an advance copy of the dollar total awarded without competitive line after all. bidding. The average for all other defense The flow of tax money to Howard Hughes. combined Autumn and Winter 1975 issue contractors was 64 percent. From 1956 to 1960, Hughes Aircraft Co. de­ because he knows of my interest in South Thus, of the more than $6 billion that livered modification kits, spare parts and Africa. This issue devotes five articles to Hughes companies h:-ve received over the components for aeronautical equipment to the land of apartheid in a special "Focus past 10 years from government contracts, the Air Force under a contract for $6.489 on South Africa." more than $1 billion was money American million. I found Thomson's editorial, "Why taxpayers could have been saved had the A GAO audit shows that based on the costs to deliver the material, the Hughes company South Africa?" very thoughtful and wise. contracts been awarded competitively. The It focuses on the South Africans who estimate is based conservatively on the fed­ realized a 37 percent pre-tax profit on the eral government's own calculations that transaction. In 1974, the 500 largest indus­ have been Associate Nieman Fellows at non-competitive contracts such as those trial companies in the United States, meas­ Harvard, but, more importantly, it raises favored by Hughes average about 25 percent ured by Fortune magazine, showed an average the issue, "Should there continue to be more in cost than contracts bid on com­ pre-tax profit of less than 9 percent on South Africans in the Nieman program?" petitively. . revenues. The Hughes contract was a nego­ Thomson believes there should be. His On one contract alone-that for the Army's tiated agreement with the Air Force, meaning editorial explains why. His conclusion is . TOW missile system, for which Hughes Air­ there was no competitive bidding. that. "Total 'shunning'-in the Menno­ craft Co. is the prime contractor-a General Hughes business and political practices.· nite sense-seems both unachievable and Accountihg Office audit shows that costs have In October 1967, Mikio Morita, the civilian gone up 43 percent, from a Defense Depart­ chief of the Japan Defense Agency's equip­ self-defeating," in the case of South ment development estimate of $727.3 million ment bureau, committed suicide by throwing Africa. . to a current estimate of $1.042 billion, even himself in front of a Tokyo express train. Only Jim Thomson's editorial follows, though the higher costs are based· on the Five months later, in March 1968, M.aj. but I believe my colleagues will find the delivery of fewer missiles than originally· Gen. Jiso Yamaguchi, chief of staff of· the entire issue of interest. planned. This means the Defense Department Japanese air force general's staff defense sec­ [Nieman Reports, Autumn and Winter 1975, is paying more, but getting less. tion, committed suicide by drowning in a Tokyo reservoir. Vol. XXIX, Nos. 3 and 4] Hughes business and political practices. WHY SOUTH AFRICA? In a design competition for the building of The deaths of both men grew out of a a new light observation helicopter, 12 air­ scandal-SHIRLEY CHISHOLM paper (The Sunday Times); three are also who care about using their leverage to bene­ chief editors-of another national Sunday fit the blacks (but how to find and pressure OF NEW YORK paper and two major dallies; four are deputy such industrialists?). IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES editors of other major dailies; one is regional And that conscience and critic, the South editor for a national magazine, one is polit­ African press, continues to need exposure to Tuesday, March 2, 1976 ical correspondent of the leading Afrikaans attitudes, learning, and support outside the Ms. CHISHOLM. Mr. Speaker, our col­ newspaper, and one is financial editor of a country. The English-language types need league, Representative AUGUSTUS HAW­ large Sunday paper. (Two Nieman alumni encouragement and some of them, only su­ KINS, has recently published in the Los left journalism and are leaders in the busi­ perficially anti-apartheid, need a challenge ness sector; and a third is information officer to their smugness. The Afrikaner journal­ Angeles Times an article which states for a great university.) In terms of the na­ ists-an increasingly restless group, no longer clearly and effectively the continuing tion's white linguistic divisions, seven of the unquestioning in their support of the official need for school busing as an essential tool journalists now work for English-language ideology-need to be assisted out of their to achieve school desegregation. While media, four for Afrikaans-language media. parochialism. each of us recognizes that no single ap­ As noted earlier, 14 of the 16 returned But most of all, the blacks-who own no proach will answer all the difficult ques­ home. What of the other two? newspapers, can find few apprenticeships in tions involved in achieving equal educa­ Well, they were blacks (or "Bantu," as the the media, and are denied any formal educa­ tional opportunity, it is irresponsible to Pretoria government styles them); and in tion in journalism are those to whom pro­ each case-first in 1960, and then again in grams like the Nieman Fellowships-and reject a technique which has proven ef­ 1964-these Nieman fellowship recipients equivalents at other American universities-­ fective in numerous instances simply be­ were denied passports and instead granted should especially direct their efforts. cause the strident voices of racism in only one-way exit permits that decreed per­ Because some day, sooner rather than later, some communities have undermined manent exile. One, Lewis Nkosi of Drum the black majority will assuredly at least peaceful compliance with court decisions. magazine, has remained in exile. The other, share power and wealth in a transformed As chairman of the Subcommittee on Nathaniel Nkasa, also of Drum, apparently South Africa, or more likely will hold the Equal Opportunities, Representative despondent in the face of exile, committed lion's share of both. And at that moment in HAWKINS has a unique understanding of suicide at the end of his Nieman year. history it would be salutary for South This year's South African Nieman-Percy Africa's new rulers to have as free and this issue. I commend to you his article. Qoboza, editor of The Daily and Weekend lively a press, staffed by men and women of [From the Los Angeles Times, Thur., Feb. 5, World (Johannesburg)-is again a black, for high skills and liberal values and courage, 1976) the first time in a decade. But thanks to as South Africa's white masters have so long BUSING Is STILL THE ESSENTIAL Too:U-WITH­ subtle changes within the implementation grudgingly tolerated. OUT THE UNDERLYING THREAT OF COURT of apartheid, he is traveling on a full-fledged ORDERS, DESEGREGATION WOULD STALL passport, not a one-way exit permit. And he (By Augustus F. Hawkins) and his wife intend to return home at the Renewed racial violence in Boston and end of their Nieman year. FUNDING FOR TICK CONTROL angry-if peaceful-protests by white parents So, the Nieman Foundation has lol}.g par­ in Detroit have sparked a new wave of de­ ticipated, and continues to participate, in the bate over busing in recent weeks. As usual, unique society that is South Africa. · Hon. Theodore M. (Ted) Ris~nho::.ver pontifications of every variety are being Should it do so? OF OKLAHOMA voiced. Yet, despite the intensity of the dis­ That was the central question that un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pute, there is a curious silence on the topic doubtedly prompted an invitation from that matters most: the moral and legal obli­ USSALEP for me and my wife to visit that Tuesday, March 2, 1976 gation of this country to provide black chil­ country for three intensive weeks last sum­ dren with equal educational opportunity. mer-to see for ourselves and make our own Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, in­ Instead, the nation seems to have become judgments. festations of Lone Star ticks, a devastat­ bogged down in arguments over the feasi­ Out of that visit has come, for me, a mix ing menace to wide areas of our country, bility of using buses, which is, at best, a side ot reactions. Among them is a strong sense are increasing rapidly. issue. The real issue ls-and always has that the South African English-language Oklahoma ranchers, recreation, the been--desegregation. If our society were press has indeed served wen, and sometimes really committed to this end, it would matter very bravely, as both conscience and critic quality of life and our national economy suffer because of ticks. Some 45 pounds little if children walked to desegregated of the white community, and has acted as schools or were whisked there in fiying a brake against the more brutal excesses of of beef per calf can be lost by tick infes­ saucers. white racism. Among my reactions, too, is tation. Deer are weakened. Small animals Busing itself certainly ls not new to Amer­ some satisfaction in whatever the Nieman are killed. Ticks carry diseases to people. ica. The Department of Health, Education, program may have done over 15 years to en­ Residents often shun their own yards to and Welfare has reported that 44 percent of large the understanding and stiffen the spine a void ticks and tourists and retired all schoolchildren ride buses to classes. How­ of the white opponents of apartheid. people avoid areas of infestation-even ever, only about 3 percent of these were being At the same time, one comes away feeling though they otherwise are attracted. bused to achieve desegregation. Some ant1- that indignation is hard to sustain for those Congress voted $180,000 for tick re­ bus1ng leaders now claim that desegregation whites who live on the scene-and that the is not the core of the problem-a view even press shows that difficulty. It is hard to sus­ search this year; a commendable in­ espoused by some professed liberals and civll­ tain because life ls so extraordinarily com­ crease. In addition, Congress has ordered rights activists. If that were really the case, fortable for whites; because apartheid has, the Agriculture Research Service to give why has a tiny fraction of students become in fact, succeeded in largely closing down high priority to ·tick control. the focus of so much controversy? even the tenuous communication between Dr. Jakie Hair of Oklahoma State I strongly suspect that the current furore whites and non-whites that existed until the University has made great priogress in over the means of implementing desegrega­ early 1960's; and because it is impossible research to control this menace through tion camouflages a conscious rejection of the very long to perpetuate-or to have one's end being sought. If so, then those who back readers tolerate-a crisis mentality. the use of carbon dioxide as an attract­ down in the face of pressure from antibusing Having been invited in the hopes that we ant. He could be on the verge of other groups or fail to support busing because of would note and applaud South African breakthroughs in control. Oklahoma threatened social unrest are actually helping progress, my wife and I disappointed many State Senator John Dahl and I are to undermine the power of the courts. of our white hosts by being much more championing a $250,000 tick research For the law ls clear on the question of shocked by what we saw and heard than we laboraitory in Oklah-0ma to aid the school desegregation, as it has been since had expected. Yet other whites quietly studies and work. 1954. In Brown vs. Board of Education, the thanked us for the intensity of our reac­ It is essential that Congress and the Supreme Court not only outlawed segregated tions-for reminding them of things to which schools as "inherently unequal" but also re­ they had become temporarily numbed. Federal Government strengthen efforts quired state and local school boards to elim­ So, back to the question of "participation" to combat the tick problem. This means inate this inequality "with all deliberate tn South Africa. Total "shunning"-in the more funding which must be considered speed." Mennoni~ sense-Seems both unachievable an investment int.o the health of people, This clear and uncompromising position and self-defeating. Those South Africans who animals and our economy. was reaffirmed in the Swann decision of 1971, JYJarch :2, 19'76 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5039 which allowed lower federal courts to order But just as the nation stood firm behind the OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING busing~ as part of a school system's desegrega­ Constitution when George Wallace and Bir­ tion plans. While subsequent decisions have mingham Police Chief Bull Connor tried to narrowed Swann's applicability, none pro­ frustrate the will of the courts, the public HON. JAMES J. HOWARD hibited the use of buses or any other legiti­ today must be prepared to support busing OF NEW JERSEY mate device to attain desegregation. when and where it is needed to comply with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Yet the assault on busing continues. The the law of the land. U.S. attorney general now says 11e wants to Skeptics about the purely educational value Tuesday, March 2, 1976 "rethink" the Swann decision. Antibusing of busing would do well to think twlce before Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, we are leaders are calling for the "integrity" of joining the opposition. Indeed, they would neighborhood schools. What is even more dis­ better serve their own interests-and their rapidly approaching the date set by the tressing, some moderates, liberals and civil­ country's-by simply urging school boards to Interior Department for OCS sale No. rights advocates are falling all over them­ move ahead with desegregation plans. In the 40, involving over 800,000 acres of selves in their retreat from busing. final analysis, that ls the only way to avoid land on the Outer Continental Shelf. Not California's own Superintendent of Public "forced" court-ordered busing. long ago, I had the opportunity along Instruction Wilson Riles, I.imself a black, It would be foolhardy, however, to expect with many other individuals in the pub­ says it is "foolish" to assume that students voluntary measures a.Ione to ensure compli­ lic and private sector to submit testi­ must ride a bus to get a good education. Even ance with the mandate of Brown vs. Board of James S. Coleman, the University of Chicago Education. That 22-year old decision charted mony on the Interior Department's sociologist whose views were once widely a clear course: All Americans must share draft environmental impact statement used by federal courts to justify enforced equal access to educational facilities, and "all on the sale. I submit my remarks for the desegregation, has now switched his position deliberate speed" is required to reach that RECORD. on the ground that busing contributes to the destination. Take away busing as a tool for The remarks follow: flight of whites from cities. getting there, and you seriously jeopardize Coleman's new position reflects the kind of the whole trip. OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING timidity that has characterized much liberal As the U.S. Congressman from the Third and moderate white reaction to the political District of New Jersey, I have the privilege challenges of antibusing groups. Making a of representing Monmouth County and parts distinction between the eradication of legal POST OFFICE CLOSINGS of Ocean County, the first and second most segregation and the achievement of educa­ densely populated New Jersey counties along tional parity by blacks, Coleman now argues the Atlantic coast. Because of the heavy con­ it is not the responsibility of the courts to HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. centration of permanent residents-inten­ ensure that blacks gain the benefits of inte­ OF MICHIGAN sified in summer months by out-of-county grated classrooms, since striking down legal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES visitors-and because of the huge volume of business generated by the needs and activ­ segregation is progress of itself. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 That kind of hairsplitting logic ignores the ities of so many people, it is imperative that aim of the courts in outlawing segregation in Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, the En­ any change in the status quo of the area be the first place. By eliminating the "separate quirer & News newspaper in Battle scrutinized to the point of exhaustion. but equal" system in law, clearly the justices Creek, Mich., has published an important Offshore oil drilling is just such a change, also intended to eliminate it in fact. Other­ editorial concerning the proposed closing requiring input from government officials, wise there would have been no need to insist businessmen, environmentalists and con­ that Linda Brown-the protagonist in Brown of small post offices. I insert the editorial cerned citizens who stand, in one way or an­ vs. Board of Education-be admitted to a for the interest of my colleagues: other, to gain or lose from the final outcome. white school or that other systems be deseg­ POST OFFICE CLOSINGS FISHING regated "with all deliberate speed." In an age when rising postal rates are not Fishermen, for instance, are certainly more The truth is that those who now either always matched by a corresponding increase lilcely to suffer than prosper from offshore back away from busing or offer "alternative in efficiency, it is difficult to criticize the oil drilling, in spite of claims by some oil solutions" have been cowed by the political Postal Service for attempting to cut costs. companies that oil drilling platforms are a power of the opposition. This appears to Last fall the Postal Service took a step haven for numerous species of fish. The explain the turnaround by Coleman, who toward greater efficiency by announcing that breeding areas for sport and commercial fin r~stricts his present support of busing to the it planned to close unprofitable, small post fish, inadequately discussed in the Draft En­ "voluntary" kind. He and others who take offices throughout the country. vironmental Impact Statement (EIS) pre­ this position apparently believe that the In response to that statement, 44 members pared by the Interior Department, are the white majority should decide whether to of Congress have sued the Postal Service, most vital natural resource of our coast to abide by the Brown decision. asking for a court order against closing those be threatened by oil spills. Fluke and blue­ For many years coercion-or the threat of tiny post offices. fish, as an example, depend on at least two it-has played a critical role in safeguarding Rep. Paul Simon, of Illinois, said the major fish spawning areas on the New Jersey the public interest. It is used, for example, to agency is, in effect, "carrying out a massive coast. Fishermen, consequently, depend on enforce zoning ordinances, tax laws, political assault on the country's small communities." the continued popularity of those areas for redistricting and the right of all individuals The efforts of the Postal Service would their livelihood, making an oil spill devastat­ to dissent. Who would be so naive as to seem commendable and hardly worth criti­ ing to fish and fishermen alike. And, anyone suggest "voluntary" compliance with laws cizing if the small post offices of America who might suggest as it suggested in the prohibiting arson or murder? merely were places for the sending and draft EIS, that New Jersey over the years has This is not to say that voluntary busing receiving of mail. had a poor winter harvest of fish should should be rejected out of hand. Nor do I In many communities, though, the post study reports of the foreign armadas off our advocate busing for busing's sake. In fact, office is a source of pride, a social center of shores, depleting our mackerel, whiting and I see much hope in a study recently released sorts in places where most other businesses ling with all the efficiency of a floating fish by Meyer Weinberg, editor of the magazine have lost out to the downtown areas and factory. Integrated Education. suburban shopping centers of larger cities. Weinberg believes that "the country is A few years ago a movie equated the death Many Monmouth and Ocean County fish­ finally starting to deal seriously with the of small towns with the closing of "The Last ermen depend on shellfish, such as clams, problems of desegregation." He points to Des Picture Show." Indeed, movie theaters are lobsters and scallops for their income. Lob­ Moines, where the school board's voluntary now as rare in small towns as general stores stermen out of Point Pleasant have already plan stresses the need for "affirmative action with wooden floors and cracker barrels. suffered at the hands of the oil company and leadership." Here in California, according Those institutions, however, were not the exploratory vessels whose seismic devices to Weinberg, an advisory commission to the end of tiny c·ommunities, only steps in that have ripped lobster traps from their moor­ State Board of Education has strongly urged direction. ings. Already thousands of dollars in dam­ the board to adopt new policies encouraging For it is not until the post offices closes ages have been sustained by these lobster­ school districts to implement desegregation that highway departments, according to men, and though the oil companies have measures. guidelines in most states, can legitimately responded quickly in reimbursing for dam­ These hopeful signs are, however, a direct consider removing small communities from ages, the money does not account completely outgrowth of pressure from court rulings the road maps. for all the man hours lost. Lobster trapping, since 1954. By the same token, desegregation And, sentimentality aside, residents of in fact, may be a fast-disappearing profes­ will proceed in neither California. nor other those little towns would miss the kind of sion in Ocean County, since foreign trawlers states unless school boards and elected offi­ personal service that much larger post offices too have succeeded in wiping out much of cials are convinced the courts will intervene cannot hope to offer. the lobstermen's equipment. The EIS fails to if they fail to take action. The Postal Service, then, should reconsider address the current negative impact of off­ To be sure, social unrest-perhaps even just how it may best cut costs, remembering shore exploratory operations, combined with racial violence-will continue in cities where that, in eliminating a small post office, it is foreign interference, on our shore-area lob­ serious attempts are made to desegregate. doing more than closing a building. stermen. 5040 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976

PIPELINES A case in point involves the Committee it is evident from the periodically-revised In studying the EIS's long-range predic­ Against Bayshore Oilports formed last No­ figures on oil deposits compiled by the United tions of the effects of offshore oil drilling vember in bitter response to a university States Geological Survey, that not even the on fish and fishermen, I found that most of study singling out Middletown Township as· e~perts can guess the size of our deposits. the data related to the consequences of an a likely receiving area for proceeds of off­ Without more exploration to determine bet­ oil spill and only one paragraph (P. 98) was shore oil drllling. The Committee is fearful ter estimates of our oil and gas reserves, it devoted to the effect pipeline burial opera­ that the Bayshore's heretofore unspoiled land is impossible to weigh the benefits of offshore tions will have on fish, particularly shellfish. areas will fall victim to "Big Oil." Members oil drilling against the disadvantages. Although it is stated that only five to 10 are ready to fight with every resource avail­ There has been much debate on the state feet along the pipeline will be disturbed, the able long before the first line is drawn on the level and in Congress on revision of federal report does state that: planning board. oil leasing procedures, now conducted on a "A potentially harmful impact would be TOURISM "front-end bonus" bidding system. This from intertidal sedimentation from polluted The tourist industry, vital to the economy method has two negative effects. First, it dis­ sediments stirred up during pipeline laying. of New Jersey, stands to suffer harsh reper­ courages smaller companies from competitive The consequence of this, although believed cussions in the event of an oil spill. Tourism bidding because they are unable to match the to be minor in relationship to the total of in New Je·rsey is a $3.5 billion industry, huge, lump sum bids offered by the larger intertidal communities, is not known." second only to the petrochemical industry. In companies. Secondly, it restricts the amount (P98) Monmouth and Ocean counties, tourism gen­ of money available for exploration by tying The EIS, I believe, should have devoted erates $24 million in personal income, $36 up so much capital in the initial bid. more space to discussing specifically the million in business receipts from lodgings The "net-profit sharing" bidding method quantitative loss of surf clam and lobstering alone and thousands of Jobs for teenagers endorsed by Gov. Brendan Byrne and other areas as a result of pipeline burial. and adults. As a result, the businessman's state officials appears to be both fairer and Considerable attention was paid to the interest in an attractive shoreline and clean wiser for all parties involved. Under this sys­ very hazardous practice of laying pipes in water goes beyond the ascetic to dollars and tem, companies would bid on the share the areas of heavy trawling, anchoring and gen­ cents. government would receive from actual pro­ erally dense ship traffic. According to the Unfortunately, the EIS does not seek to duction, assuring the federal treasury a steady EIS, 92.31 percent of all oil spllled by pipe­ break down to dollars and cents the economic income on producing wells while freeing up line breaks and lea.ks between 1967 and 1974 impact of a major oil spill on the state or on private ca.sh for an intensive exploratory ef­ was the direct result of ships dragging an­ certain smaller regions, such as Monmouth fort. This method, which would serve to chors across pipelines (P. 22). Since virtually and Ocean counties. This leaves the small separate the right to explore for oil from the all waters off New Jersey in the vicinity of businessman at a great disadvantage in try­ right to produce it, seems especially wise in the lea.sing area. have high-density ship traf­ ing to determine just how offshore drilling view of lower bonus bids offered recently for fic, it ls unlikely low-risk corridors could be Will affect him personally and what safe­ acreage off California and Texas. found for the two pipelines it ls pil'ojected guards he might take to avoid possible fi­ In a few weeks, the House Ad Hoc Commit­ Will come ashore in New Jersey. nancial losses. tee on the Outer Continental Shelf w111 be The EIS falls to cite data on the a.mount Others before me have noted a great fl.aw marking up legislation that will require the and location of ship traffic and statistics on in the EIS in its analysis of the broad im­ Secretary of the Interior to utilize a leasing ship collisions which could, in the future, pact tourism has on shore communities. Day method other than the cash bonus system at result in pipeline damage. In fa.ct, the EIS visitors to the shore who travel less than 100 least 33 per cent of the time. This ls a step erroneously assumes that increased oil drill­ miles one-way were excluded from the study in the right direction. The Senate's version ing Will result in less ship traffic, since it because, according the the EIS, little data is more effective in this respect in that it assumes the U.S. will become less dependent existed on the extent of their contribution requires the net profit sharing or other on foreign oil shipments. Indications are, to the tourist dollar. The failure to at least method to be used 50 per cent of the time, however, that unless we embark immediately acknowledge this group resultej in an under­ though it lacks exploration incentives House on a rigid national energy policy, oil from estimation of the economic strain on shore committee members are expected to include the Outer Continental Shelf wm be in addi­ businesses and beach receipts in the after­ in the House bill. tion to, not in place of, imported on. What math of an oil spill. One need only to travel In addition to encouraging the optimum can be done--and I will seek legislative solu­ on Route 36 after a day at Gateway National amount of OCS exploration, I urge the De· tions if necessary-is to insure strict federal Park (which has the highest annual visita­ partment of Interior in its leasing to require enforcement of 1970 federal safety regula­ tion rate of the F.ast Coast federal recreation oil companies to meet strict safety and en­ tions regarding the construction and burial areas listed by the EIS) to be convinced in vironmental guidelines so that oil spills do of pipelines. Already, the enforcement of short order that day trips are the rule rather not result from laxity in construction and these regulations has had the effect of cut- than the exception in many parts of New operation or simple human carelessness that 1ng by two-thirds the amount of pipeline oil could easily be avoided. Although there are spilled in the Gulf of Mexico. In addition, I Jersey. LIABil.ITY FUNDS regulations in effect governing many aspects urge that adequate policing and marking of It is imperative that before any offshore of offshore drilling, there is nothing that the pipeline corridors be made mandatory requires oil companies to meet state guide­ as part of any lea.sing contracts entered into oil production begins, a comprehensive oll by the federal government. liability fund be established to insure that lines as a prerequisite for contract approval. businessmen and private property owners I urge that the Department of Interior assure ONSHORE FACILITIES will not suffer irreparable damage from on the states through the issuance of regula­ It ls a source of consternation to me that spills. To this end I have co-sponsored and tions that it will not proceed with leasing Monmouth and Ocean counties were among Will push for early consideration of the until state legislatures and Departments of the four counties assumed by the EIS to be Federal Oil Pollution Llabllity and Compre­ Environmental Protection are given the op­ the logical sites for onshore operations bases hensive Act of 1976. Under the bill, the owner portunity to draw up their own guidelines. or pipeline terminals. The EIS does not spec­ of an oil tanker or oil-producing or storage Offshore oil drilling at this stage of our ify why these counties were selected or why facllity responsible for the spill would be country's quest for ne.w energy supplies must Monmouth was singled out for the dubious required to pay all the costs of cleaning up be viewed as unavoidable. What can be honor of providing both an onshore opera­ a spill, and would be liable in addition for avoided, however, are the negative effects o! tions base and a pipeline land terminal. damages to those injured by the spill up to not knowing what kind of reserves and what Fortunately, this selection was made only as a set liability limit. This limit would be set kind of onshore development can be ex­ part of theoretical projections, and in the at $150 a ton for oil tankers, $50 million for pected. Through careful exploration, the fed­ final analysts such projections may only be onshore and offshore oil producing and stor­ eral government c~n get the best return on academic since it is likely that pipes wm age facilities and $100 mi11ion for deepwater its sales, and governments, businesses, indus­ come ashore at the location nearest to the ports. Expenses beyond these limits would tries and concerned citizens can better as­ drilling operation. be borne by the newly-created oil spill lia­ sess the environmental and economic im­ Sadly lacking in the EIS's siting of on­ bility fund. Financing for the new fund pact involved in the tapping of our offshore shore facilities was input from state and would be accomplished through a limited tax energy supplies. local officials who, for tne past few years, on oil produced in or delivered to this coun­ have been developing coastal management try. It is estimated it would raise the price strategy. How can an environmental impact of a gallon of gas a fraction of a cent, though statement hope to assess onshore social and tbe tax would be terminated once the fund U.S. POSTAL SERVICE economic impact without studying the long­ accumulated $200 million. range development plans of shore communi­ ties? Landing pipellnes and constructing on­ LEASING Hon. Theodore M. (Ted) Risenhoover shore facilities in tourist-dependent areas In our rush to develop a degree of inde­ untouched by heavy industry would be dis­ pendence in energy, we may have under­ OF OKLAHOMA astrous from an environmental and eco­ emphasized the importance of comprehensive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic standpoint. exploration of the Outer Continental Shel!. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 It would also be foolish to assume the pri­ Certainly we should have a solid estimate of vate and public sector would not join in a. how much oil exists In the OCS before we Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, one united effort to block onshore construction. begin leasing acreage to oil companies, but of the keystones of rural America is the March 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5041 small post office. Besides the obviously New discoveries of oil and gas in the North pressurized water reactors, and they have needed services rendered by these postal Sea have brightened British prospects for announced their intentions to block British energy and the :fields appear to be rich, In­ development of its own steam generating facilities, they are a symbol and rallying deed. But there are problems. heavy water reactor program. point of small communities which need Oil and gas are piped into the east coast In opposing nuclear expansion, the Friends to grow-as our society turns away from of England and already have changed the of the Earth, Ltd. invoke widely used argu­ urbanization and toward balanced fuel supply to that region. But develop­ ments: The danger of radioactive release, growth. ments farther north are going slowly; costs questionable operating safety of nuclear Yet, the U.S. Postal Service has are high and oil production low. plants, unproved waste disposal methods. in­ launched a program to close many of Meanwhile, the Scots are growing political­ adequate security and safety of transuranic ly restless. Potential oil prosperity has fueled nuclldes, possible diversion of reactor fuel to lliese small post offices. I plan to con­ a spirit of separatism which bas always weaponry, and other negative impIIcations of tinue fighting each closing in my district smoldered north of Hadrian's wan. The Scots "an electronuclear future." and I urge this Congress to join my ef­ are demanding a share of the oil harvest and The environmental movement in the fort-because closing small post offices is with the promise of Increased income are United Kingdom, however, stresses somewnat a movement in the wrong direction for demanding greater autonomy from England. different points than one finds in the United our country. Scotland's aspirations are receiving serious States. A conservancy society In that country consideration and will come to partial frui­ ls faced with a different set of realities. While tion, the British say. Mea.nwh.lle, quiet Scot­ the Friends of the Earth are " ... committed tish cities and hamlets are suffering unac­ to the conservation, restoration and rational NUCLEAR POWER STILL customed growth, prosperity and boom-town use of the ecosphere ....., it recognizes that social disruption. Things may never be the options are limited in the United Kingdom. IMPORTANT same again in the glens and braes and de­ Consequently, the environmentalists lean spite the potential windfall from oil, resent­ heavily on economic arguments-.. Is fission ments are building. really worth it? .•. The nuclear industry HON. AL ULLMAN With econe>mlc pressures increasing as an needs your support-can you spare another 01' OREGON obstacle to oll exploration and the glory days one bIIlfon pounds?" IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES of coal just about spent (old mines are In the present depressed economy. the nearly empty and remaining coal is difilcult British government finds it dttHcult to think Tuesday, March z.. 1976 to reach and costly to produce), the United about a distant future. Politicians would Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, the article Kingdom has been forced to plan for sup­ rather avoid discussion of a non-nuclear which f olle>ws is from the Oregonian plementary energy from other sources. society. but the Friends of the Earth suggest (Portland) of February 16, 1976. It is Nuclear power stfll remains an important such a society would entail no more radical option for the generation of electricity tn the changes than other available choices. FOE the second in a series concerning prob­ U.K., though there are problems with it, urges political and public evaluation of the lems and alternative solutions to them some serious. costs and benefits for both a low-energy. non­ that confront every one of us. I hope Nuclear energy's relative importance Is nuclear society and high energy. nuclear Members will find it as useful and in­ diminished for the time being because of the society. formative as I do. shift to oil and gas, but the CEGB reports The Friends of the Earth reminds the NUCLEAR POWER STILL IMPORTANT TO BRITAIN that its eight Magnox (gas-cooled) nuclear British people that the costs of political mis­ DESPITE NORTH SEA OIL, GAS DEVELOPMENT power sta.tlons are producing electricity much takes will have to be paid long after elected cheaper than either coal- or oil-fired gen­ decision makers have been retired. (By Dr. Forrest E. and John W. Rieke) eration. Whtle the Fl1ends of the Earth continue British hopes for cheaper energy and eco­ In fact, on the basis of 1974-75 accounting limited confrontation with nuclear develop­ nomic recovery rest heavily on rapid develop­ costs, the Magnox stations (the first genera­ ment. the government and the CEGB ha.ve ment of North Sea oil and gas deposits. tion British reactors) cost $99 million more espoused future increase in nuclear use, signaling a change in the nation's energy than coal- or oil-fired plants in deprecia­ through a. cycle of steam generating heavy policy that previously projected a. mixed tion, interest and operating expenses because water reactors (SGHWRs) • a. reactor type fuel economy evenly dividehia ·for'.the Army­ future of this great Urban National Park is Navy_ game, for raises in the ·pensions of high of the committee,· f-Qrmer. Congressman exciting, it was your kindness. t hat brought rankmg retired officers: Since ·the raises are · William B. Widnall of New Jersey. Flo it about. tied to the consumer price index, an admiral Dwyer had been particularly helpful in . 5046 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976 working out the provisions of the Truth been named honorary chairman of this who sell the stamps to the recipients for in Lending Act dealing with the adver- upcoming backetball tournament. about half price. tising of credit terms. Apparently, according to disclosures by the ORIGINAL AUTHOR OF CONSUMER PROTECTION Star, .some vendors are simply keeping the AGENCY BILL money they get from selling the stamps to the poor and not turning it over to the near­ Perhaps Mrs. Dwyer's greatest contri­ THE FOOD STAMP MESS est Federal Reserve Bank as required by Agri­ bution to consumer legislation was her cutlure Department regulation. introduction, as ranking minority mem­ HON. BILL ARCHER It has been found that 18 such vendors, out of only a few that have been checked ber of the House Committee on Govern­ OF TEXAS ment Operations, of a bill I was proud to t hus far, have not properly deposited $8.7 cosponsor with her which subsequently IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES million that has been received from those Tuesday, March 2, 1976 who purchased stamps. became the framework for the bill to es­ Originally, you'll recall, food stamps were tablish the proposed Consumer Protec­ Mr. ARCHER. The Speaker, it is ob- available in banks and post offices, places tion Agency. Offered as an alternative to vious that the food stamp program needs where even the most skeptical government then-pending legislation to create a Cab­ to be subjected to a thorough examina- auditor might expect an accurate tally. To inet Department of Consumer Affairs tion. Evidence of fraud and abuse has make things a little easier for the recipients, which would have had operating author­ been presented by public officials and the Depart ment of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) decided that the outlets ity over most existing consumer protec­ members of the media. I would like to should be expanded to include credit unions, tion programs, the Dwyer-Sullivan bill call the attention of my colleagues to a check-cashing services, and other small busi­ proposed instead the creation of an very effective report entitled, "The Food nesses in poor neighborhoods or in rural agency which would serve as the con­ Stamp Mess," by Mr. William Randolph areas. sumer's official voice within the Govern­ Hearst, Jr. There are now 14,119 food stamp vendors ment on all regulatory policies affecting The article follows: who collected $2.6 billion in fiscal 1975 from consumers, and it was this concept which THE FOOD STAMP MESS 29 million people who bought food stamps eventually won consumer support and with a purchase value of $4.4 billion. The (By William Randolph Hearst Jr., Editor-in- program is so big that apparently the audi- the endorsement of the Government Chief, the Hearst Newspapers) tors in the Department of Agriculture just Operations Committee and of the House. SAN FRANcxsco-Until now, the con me11 can't keep up with it. They confess that they Although blocked by Senate filibusters in and rip-off artists of the world have defied do not know how much has been turned back both the 92d and 93d Congresses, this such inspired cheats as Ponzi, the Boston- to the government out of the $2 .6 billion approach has now been approved by both based investment swindler in the 1920s, or that many of the nation's poor paid last year the House and the Senate in this Con­ before him, Kreuger, the Swedish match in good faith in order to expand their food gress and will, I hope, become law before k ing, each of whom took unsuspecting specu- budgets. the end of the 94th Congress. lators for millions. Heretofore, their achieve- Something should be done and done Flo Dwyer was ranking minority ments in the art of swindling the public urgently, not only to stop the unfettered have been unchallenged. cheating of taxpayers, but to be certain that member of the Subcommittee on Con­ Now, however, such folks as Ponzi and those who really need help receive it and sumer Affairs of the House Committee Kreuger must take a back seat. Now we have that those who are free-loading are kicked on Banking and Currency during much the great American federal food stamp plan, out,_ .?f the program and into the nearest of the period I was the subcommittee exceeding in magnitude anything ever bas.,1.le, French for lockup. chairman. I always enjoyed working with dreamed of by the super cheaters of yester- Late Friday afternoon r learned that Agri- her because she was conscientious, knowl­ year. ?ulture Secretary Butz has ordered a sweep- edgeable, and hard working. She was a The food stamp program, under which the mg investigation of his department's involve­ I qualifying needy can buy basic necessary ment. Good hunting, Mr. Secretary. fine person, and regarded her as a good foods in surplus supply for about half their On the one hand we have a single St. Louis friend. She served her constituents with retail price, began as a brave experiment in business firm called Moneytown, Inc., that is honor and dignity and earned the respect 1962, costing American taxpayers $14 million. al~e~ed ~o have failed to deposit almost $ of Republicans and Democrats alike, This year, in 1976, it will officially cost over ln1ll1on m food stamp receipts, according to2 both in her District and in the Congress. $6.6 billion. And that, if my arithmetic isn't Leon~rd H. Greess, the Agriculture Depart­ too rusty, is a 47,000 per cent increase in a ment s director of audit. About half the period of 14 years! money d It would cost something more than $8.6 "lost." was recovere ; the rest is said to be billion this year if everything worked the way On the other hand, both HEW and the FORTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE it should. As it is, because of cheats among A NATIONAL SERBIAN FEDERATION the recipients of food stamps and apparent griculture Department admit that because BASKETBALL TOURNAMENT crooks among the vendors of those stamps, of laxity at the state level, about 26 per cent the cost will probably be several millions of those who are buying food stamps are more, perhaps even a. billion dollars more. not qualified to receive them because they HON. RONALD M. MOTTL There's a virtually free-riding buyers' mar- earn too much money and should be self­ OF OHIO ket on one side of the program, and a profit- supporting. able sellers' market on the other. So we have a 26 per cent fraud among re- IN THE HOUSE OF ·REPRESENTATIVES Conservatives and liberals alike, Repub- cipients, and an unknown percentage of Tuesday, March 2, 1976 licans and Democrats alike, have been telling fraud among those who sell the stamps. us for the past two years that something Why should this sloppily administered pro­ Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, one of my was horribly wrong with the food stamp pro- gram continue without challenge from our constituents, Nick Radlick of Parma gram, and somehow neither Congress nor the lawmakers? Of course the deserving should be Heights, Ohio, began a worthy tradition White House has responded to mounting evi- fed, and no one would deny the urgent need 40 years ago. Mr. Radlick, who is a Parma deuce that it ls one of the most grandiose of a federal program to see that food reaches Heights councilman and an active civic flops of all social schemes. our deprived citizens without red tape, em- Almost any shopper who trades in a su- - barrassment or delay. But when a hefty por­ leader, initiated the National Serbian permarket has seen people using food stamps tion of the money spent in this very costly Federation Basketball Tournament. who were visibly unqualified to have them. program is drained off by manipulators on The tournament has been held for 37 Seeing people carrying stamp-purchased bags one side and cheats on the other, something years since then. It was postponed dur­ of groceries out to their pa1·ked latest-model must be changed. ing World War II. cars is something of a tip-off that all is not The law requires that the states must This year the tournament will be held well. check on the vendors to be certain that any between April 29 and May 2 at the By the same token it is obvious in the receipts in excess of $1,000 be deposited in a Cleveland State University in Cleveland. sadder parts of most of our major cities that bank within 24 hours of collection. Obviously I think that is the proper way to cele­ the poor, those who need food stamps the this is not being done. Money is a valuable most, are not getting them. They simply asset, even if you hold it only for a short time, brate the 40th anniversary of this tour­ cannot afford them. for it can make money. Money that is made nament in that Mr. Radlick organized And now, thanks to a good job of investi- at the expense of the poor and at the further it back in 1936. gative reporting by the Washington Star, it expense of the taxpayers, is evil loot, indeed. I ask my colleagues from the House is revealed that not only are some recipients _ When the very competent San Francisco of Representatives to join with me in of food stamps cheating us taxpayers, but businessman Caspar W. Weinberger retired saluting Nick Radlick who so aptly has so are t he food st amps vendors-t he people as secret ary of the HEW he warned of this March 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5047 very evil within the food stamp system and The Senator from Oregon and his staff in t he security field, the deprivation of work­ last August I gave over this space one Sunday must also be aware that the SISS, whose ing funds and then using decreased activity to publicize his wise admonition to do some­ as an excuse to abolish the organizations, abolition they are organizing, also re­ was extended to the SCCS to kill it, too. thing about this run-away, proliferating na­ cently investigated the activities of ter­ tional scandal. This intrigue is presently being employed We have done nothing thus far. Surely rorist support groups on the West Coast. aga.inst the Senate Internal Security Sub­ these latest facts must prod our represent­ They must have seen the press reports committee, the last of these U.S. government atives in Washington to action. Let's have it that seven persons alleged to be members investigatory bodies. as soon as possible, principally not only for of the terrorist New World Liberation R. Bartlett Moon, representing the United the sake of those who need the food, but Front ward the ulti­ tion undergirded the actual settlement of mate emancipl\tion or salvation of the Jew­ Jews in Palestine. It must be remembered, ZIONISM: A Pos~ION PAPER REPRESENTING ish People. however, that at no time was Israel devoid THE VIEWS OF THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF Arthur Hertzberg, in his introduction to · of Jews. Somehow they managed to cling t o DOVER, DEL. the monumental anthology of Zionist writ­ the land in small scattered communities in XNTRODUCTION ings, The Zionist Idea, refers to the fact Jerusalem, Hebron, Sa.fed and Tiberias. Recent developments in the international that the movement was often referred to as The adventures of Sabbtai Zevi entailed community and most dramatically at the "secular messianism". In this case, however, the hope, of a return to Israel. Tragically for United Nations has called world attention the Messiah ideal took the form of a "flow­ many of his followers the illusion he created to several issues concerning the vital inter­ ering national community in Palestine living disintegrated with the revelation that he ests of the Jewish People and their ancestral as a moral priesthood whose authority is was an imposter. He arose out of the calam­ homeland, Israel. · accepted by all mankind" (The Zionist Idea, ity of Chlemnlcki's pogroms bringing a faint One particular question: the moral valid­ P20). glimmer of redemption. He taught a false ity of Zionism requires thoughtful and The basic sph·itual-religious thrust of and dangerous theology of salvation and ca­ honest answers from the Jewish community. Zionism manifests itself in the essays of pitulated into apostasy at i.he court of th e March 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5053 Sultan. His efforts to rejuvenate aR entire ism is utterly false. In the period of Islamic attempted to form a political or n·ational people and to lead them to the holy land hegemony in the Near East, in Spain and consciousness. Furthermore, the British man­ were aborted. Yet the dream remained intact. North Africa, the -"co-existence" of Moslem date recognized the Jewish polity while .see­ In the 19th century Aliyah began with and Jew was entirely upon Moslem terms. ing no reason to create an Arab polity aside the creation of the Yishuv, the organization For example, the rule that no Synagogue from the already existing Arab states. of a Jewish polity in Palestine. These halut­ could stand higher than a Mosque conveyed The present conflict is, indeed, complicated zim coming from Eastern Europe with social the message of Arab intolerance of the Jew. 'and the danger of open war is constant . ideas of labor and agriculture brought a An intolerance counter-balanced by the need Nevertheless, we must bear in mind certain spirit of commitment to reclaim and redeem for Jewish creativity and productivity. As moral exigencies which transcend the eco­ the swamps and deserts. In Buber's words long as the Jew would humbly live under the nomic and political realities of Arab influ­ they came to "serve the land." Throughout rule of the Arabs he would be "tolerated". ence. the end of the 19th and into the 20th cen­ However, the State of Israel representing ZIONISM: RACIS.M OR HUMANISM? tury, they labored building cities out of Jewish pride and self-determination was an It is agreed by all that this mythical en­ wasteland, turning deserts into fields and affront to Arab theology, social and political tity the Pal'estinians deserves some sort of swampland into Kibbutzim and Moshavin. philosophy. justice. However, they have suffered mostly Their efforts to ca.re for the land were met The Arabs, failing militarily to destroy at the hands of their own brothers who re­ by Arab marauders and bloodshed. Neces­ the Jewish Community, resorted to diplo­ fused to accept them in their midst for sity forced the Yishuv to establish a self­ matic and economic tactics. Arab propaganda political and diplomatic reasons. This truth defense agency which was eventually to be­ is effective and vociferous. The "big lie" of cannot be overlooked. We cannot refrain come the Israel Defense Forces, whose very Palestinian refugees is one such illustration. from the ghettos of Damascus, Bagdad, Cairo, emblem displays an olive branch entwined This lie maintains that during the battles of room in the tiny State of Israel to re-::;ettle around the sword reflecting the hope that 1948, the Jewish forces systematically threat­ the masses of Jewish refugees who escaped peace wlll eventually replace the need for ened the Arab populace and forced them to from the ghettos of Damascus, Bagdad, Cairo, the sword. flee. The truth is that the Arabs were bom­ Algiers, Casablanca and Tunis-while the It is a futile endeavor to attempt to decide barded from Radio Cairo, Amman, and Da­ Arabs could not find place in their vast ter­ who started the conflict in the Middle East­ mascus with militant progaganda-leave now ritories to accommodate, what was in 1948 because the question: who fired the first and return with the victorious Arab armies. approximately 350,000 persons? Instead, the shot must necessarily be p1eceded by the The Arabs left of their own accord many Arab governments created refugee camps for historical query into what conditions thinking they would soon return. The incon­ them which to this day house these people brought about the need to fire the first shot. sistency of the Arab exodus with Zionist and their children. Why is it that the Arabs And this questioning can go on fruitlessly principles is reflected· in the statement of the preferred to exploit their own brethern as forever. For example, the Arabs argue they Jewish Community council of Tiberias after political tools, rather than accept them as responded to the great influx of Jews prior the Arabs had unexpectedly departed: "We brothers? And despite this the Arabs are able to and after the Nazi Holocaust. The tragic did not disposses them; they themselves to accuse Israel of racist policies. plight of European Jewry brought a height­ chose this course. But the · day will come ened impetus to the Zionist goal and re­ We remain confident in our knowledge when the Arabs will return to their homes that the ghettos of Syria and Iraq are racist quired and intensified program of immigra­ and property in this town. In the meantime, tion and absorption. The Arabs argue that programs directed against Jews, while the let no citizen touch their property." The re­ ·Arab citizens in Israel enjoy full ·civil rights. this "Ingathering of the Exiles" is an im­ ports of the British Chief of Policy in Haifa, perialist threat to their well-being. This A. J. Bridmead comment on how sincerely We also recognize that much of the world is a victim to Arab oil blackmail. The political argument, as we shall see, is no~ only ill­ the Jews tried to convince _the Arabs to stay. founded, it is part of their rejection of the Bridmead wi·ote: "Every effort is being made and military realities of the world, however, are no excuse to malign a noble tradition. Jewish right to self-determination. by the Jews to persu~de the Arab populace As a consequence of the First World War, to stay and carry on their normal lives .. ·• The world community has not yet sunk: to Britain was entrusted by the League of Na­ to be assured that their lives and interests irredeemable depths. Any policy which vlould tions to serve as the mandatory power over will be safe." Certainly the British, with their hope to resurrect "the moral credibility of Palestine. In 1917 the Balfour Declaration officers leading the Jordanian army and their these nations would have to be founded promised Palestine as a national home for bases in Egypt, were not pro-Jewish. Yet, upon moral and intellectual honesty. Such the Jews. What has become of this Promise? their testimony to Jewish efforts to head off integrity would doubtless acknowledge the In effect the British reneged on it. Through an Arab exodus indicate the truth of history -truth that Zionism is an expression of the various political machinations and in a in this matter. Even I. F. Stone who has since loftiest sentiments of the Judea-Christian manner whose legality has been questioned, come' to swallow Arab propaganda wrote an tradition and of Western Civilization at its the British bequeathed what amounted to eye-witness account that the Arabs ."very best. 82.5 % of Palestine to what is now called early began to run away.... By the end of Jordan. The British turned· over the entire January the exodus was so alarming that problem to the United Nations and the Unit­ the Palestine Al.·i!-b Higher Committee asked TRIBUTE TO ABRAHAM SPIEGEL ed Nations Partition plan accomplished this neighboring Arab countries to refuse visas to task, for them, in 1947. We must recall that these refugees and to seal the borders against the Balfour Declaration promised ·Palestine them". · · HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN to the Jews. Thus the legal claim· to Palestine As we can see, then, the so called Arab OF CALIFORNIA on the part of the Jews actually resulted in refugee problem was· created by the Arabs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the greater part of the territory being handed themselves and developed into a propaganda over to the Arabs. (Paul Riebenfield, "The and diplomatic weapon against Israel. Tu.esday, March 2, 1976 Integrity of Palestine," Midstream, August; The Middle East has been the background September 1975) . · for a tragic evolution of violence and terror­ Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, Abraham In 1919 Feisal had written to Felix Frank­ ism. A complicated series of circumstances Spiegel will be honored with the highest furter saying: "The Jewish Movement -is na­ has forced Israel to resort to military skills Israel Award on March 9 at the Beverly tional and not imperialist and "there is room in order to defend its population arid its very Hilton Hotel. The State of Israel will in Syria for both of us. Indeed, I think that existence ·against Arab threats of genocide. confer upon him the Prime Minister's neither can be a real success without the The current treatment of the so-called Pales­ Medal which will be presented by other." Despite the fact that Feisal had dis­ tinians by Israel reflects military realities -Menachen-Beigin, M.K., one of Israel's played this cordiality to Frankfurter and rather than Zionist ideology. Weizmann, the Arabs reacted violently and As a result of the clashes between the Arab heroic figures. viciously to Jewish settlement. Whereas, the States and Israel, or more precisely 'as a result Mr. Spiegel, Jewish communal leader Jews accepted the U.N. partition plan which of the Arab inability to defeat Israel, the and philanthropist, is president of the deprived them of over 80 % · of lanci legally need for para-military units operating out­ Los Angeles Council of the Jewish Na­ and rightfully promised to them, the Arabs side the jurisdiction of any Arab state be­ tional Fund. He serves as a member of refused to reconcile themselves to it:, The es­ came obvious. These guerrilla units would the Jewish Federation Council, the co­ tablishment of the State of Israel in 1948 continue to harass Israel and provoke her. ordinating body for communal affairs. was greeted by a combined Egyptian, Jor­ Thus the Arabs could disavow any responsi­ He is the founder and member of the danian, ,Syrian, Lebanese., Iraqui and Saudi bility and at the same time condemn Israeli retaliations against· these terrorist uni ts. The board of Ramban Torah Institute. He Arabian attack. What provoked this as­ is a member of the board of trustees of sault? Imperialism, with the Arabs-holding myth of the Palestinian refugees provided a r aison d'et re for these terror.ists. Thus, Yasir the City of Hope in Los Angeles and is 82.5% of the land promised· to the Jews? Arafat is now fighting for the rights. of vice president of National Executive' NO. What, in fact, provoked Arab violence "homeless Palestinians:" '.He~ of course, was the self-assertion of the Jews, their de­ Zionists of America. He holds many other ignor~s the fa9t that prior to the U.N. de­ positions of prominence and leadership_ t ermination to maintain their · collective cision to partition Palestille into an Arab and identity. Arab protestations that they have Jewish State, there . was no such legal or in the American Jewish community and always lived peacefully with the Jews and national entity ·as ·patestihians. The Arabs serves as the spokesman for many orga­ that Zionism is distinguishable from Juda- living in t he territory of Palestine had never niza tions both here and abroad. 5054 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976 Abraham Spiegel has dedicated a life­ The consolidation of. the existing fo0d CONDITIONS IN CHILE time of service to humanitarian causes. stamp, SSI and AFDC programs into a It is indeed fitting that the Prime Minis­ single federally financed cash system teT's Medal is being presented to him, for providing a floor to the income available HON.LARRY McDONALD he possesses a humane sense of under­ to every family, with an appropriate fed­ OF GEORGIA standing which is happily in harmony erally funded cost of living escalator; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI~S not only with the noblest teachings of The equal treatment of intact families Tuesday, March 2, 1976 our faith, but also with the finest tradi­ and divided families; and tions and ideals of our country. Preservation of incentives to work and Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. It is my pleasure to join in paying a fair level of assistance to the working Speaker, for those who are interested in tribute to Abraham Spiegel. poor. learning of the actual conditions in Such a national program would only Chile, I off er the fallowing article by increase the Federal budget by little more John Philip Sousa which appeared in than 1 percent, but would reduce New the Times of the Americas on Febru­ FEDERAL LOAN TO NEW YORK CITY York City's local taxes by nearly 10 ary 4, 1976. As is the case with any hon­ percent. In addition, it would end the est person visiting Chile after reading current chaotic self-defeating welfare news accounts of conditions in that coun­ HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ system, which discourages people from try, Mr. Sousa observes that- seeking work and encourages husbands What I saw and heard bore no resemblance OF NEW YORK to to what I thought I was going to find. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES desert their families. It is time we ended the current mess The article follows: Tuesday, March 2, 1976 which degrades the recipients while wast­ CHILE Is FOUND To BE NEITHER PARADISE NOR Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, President ing the taxpayers money and replaced it HELL Ford's belated, grudging support for a with a system that will work. (By John Philip Sousa) Federal loan to New York City has, for SANTIAGO (CNS) .-Armed soldiers. Vio­ the time being, saved our town from a lence. Torture. Sad, underfed and poorly dressed people. devastating default. WE NEED TO SHOW VETS THAT That was my image of this isolated na­ But, in the long run, there will be lit­ WE DO CARE tion when I arrived recently and it stemmed tle hope for our beleagured city-and from what I had read 1n America and in other struggling metropolitan areas Europe. around the country-until the Federal HON. THOMASJ. DOWNEY I was apprehensive. Government begins to r~ognize and re­ OF NEW YORK What I saw and heard bore no resemblance spond to the larger urban crisis of which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to what I thought I was going to find. Too, I was allowed to travel the length of Chile, New York City's troubles are only the Tuesday, March 2, 1976 free to wander around towns large and small, most striking sympton. talk with whomever I wanted to talk, and Indeed, there are a variety of ways in Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. photograph whatever caught my eye. which the Federal Government can legi­ Speaker: On December 10, I introduced If I was followed it must have been in­ timately help our city-and the most im­ H.R. 11097, a bill to expand and enhance visible gumshoes capable of anticipating my portant of these is an immediate take­ the effectiveness of the Armed Forces every move. over of the staggering costs of our wel­ discharge review procedure. This ls not meant to be an apologia for fare and social service programs. Recently, the Babylon Beacon, one of the military junta that runs Chile, but, the most prestigious weekly newspapers rather, a report on the local situation made The current social welfare costs for necessary by the fact that reality here is at New York City total a whopping $4 bil­ in my district, has published an editorial odds with a good many of the stories about lion a year. And the city must now fork supporting the measure. I would like to this country published abroad. over an unreasonable $1 billion of that thank the editors of the Babylon Beacon To be sure, Chile ls no paradise. But nel~ amount from its own tax levy funds. for their support, and hope that the ther is it the bloody hell of fear and violence It seems to me that it is exceedingly Congress will promptly enact these much it is purported to be. unfair to require the city to pay one needed reforms to our Armed Forces' A recent cartoon in the prestigious El Mer­ discharge review procedures. The edi­ curio-Santiago's morning daily and the quarter of the costs of the welfare and dean of this country's press-showed two medicaid programs when we are in no torial follows: concerned-looking gentlemen. "I long for way responsible for the presence of so SHow VETS THAT WE Do CARE the days," one of them says, "when we didn't many poor people in our midst. Servicemen who served their country dur­ have any international image at all ..." Consider this: When the Mississippi ing the Vietnam war faced problems that The country has been getting press notices t hose fighting in previous wars never had to most Chileans consider unfair at best and River overflows its banks, inundating the contend with. unfounded at worst. homes, farms, and factories along its This war was different, and those fighting One net result of this negative image, of­ shores, who steps in to help? The Federal it were different. The people of the country ficials here admit, has been a noticeable drop Government, of course. became increasingly opposed to the war, and in the number of tourists. Too bad, both for Similarly, it should be the responsibil­ t his opposition affected members of the this country and for the traveler. The former, ity of the Federal Government to help armed forces. of course, must get by with less of the hard New York City cope with the flood of Drug addiction was rampant, with the currencies the tourists bring and which average soldier approached many times a Chile needs for purchasing American and poor people who have come here from day in Vietnam to buy anything he wanted, other foreign goods. The latter deprives him­ elsewhere in the country. at a price he could afford. self of an exciting-and reasonable-travel Federalizing the welfare program Many of these men received less than hon­ experience. would, by itself, enable the city to save orable discharges, so they are still paying Above all, this is a land of spectacular enough money to solve the fiscal crisis. t he price of their war service. scenic attractions genuinely hospit able peo­ ·And by providing a uniform level of wel­ Now Congressman Tom Downey has pro­ ple, and tourism facilities at par with the fare payments to recipients of public as­ posed legislation to help them have their best elsewhere in the Americas. And, signifi­ discharges reviewed and upgraded to hon­ cantly in these days of riots, guerrilla warfare sistance, no matter where they live, we ora.ble. and crime, an atmosphere of order and peace would eliminate the incentive which poor Vietnam veterans are the forgotten mem­ as welcome as it is unexpected. people now have to travel from low-bene­ bers of our society. Even those with honor­ Only a fe,w security types, for instance, fit to high-benefit States. able discharges are having a hard time find­ can be spotted at the modern skyscraper in Welfare, in short, is a national, i·ath­ ing employment, and for those with less the heart of Santiago from where Gen. Au­ er than a local problem-and it requires than honorable discharges, the situation is gusto Pinochet runs Chile. a national rather than a local solution. much worse. Chileans appear happy and well fed. They No matter how any of us felt about the are surprisingly open and candid when tam:­ That is why I am supporting legislation war, surely we don't want to penalize any ing with foreigners, and many admit to hav­ which would substitute for the current further those who fought in it. ing been members of the now-banned Com­ hodge-podge of programs one Federal in­ 'I'he Congressman's bill should pass so that munist Party or one of the leftist political come maintenance system which would the country can demonstrate to these men groups in power until lat e 1973 when Pino­ have the following characteristics: that we do care. chet took over. March 2·, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5055 Shops are not as full of consumer goods March 1, attending to business in Dela­ rule are unrealistic. Further, the Com­ as those of, say, Argentina, Brazil or Vene­ ware, I missed one vote in the House of munity's increase in dairy support with zuela-but there is no scarcity of everyday Representatives. Had I been present, I the unlimited right to produce is un­ items, such as clothing and food, as there would have voted "Yea" on rollcall No. realistic. It only adds to the funda-. was under the Marxist administration of Sal­ mental problem and will lead to other vador Allende. 73. Restaurants, movie houses and theaters foolish ideas like the 5-percent nonfat are well patronized. Weekends and holidays dry milk in feed ration proposals. find the roads crowded with Chileans bound FEED MIXING H.EGULATIONS OF for resorts near and far. THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Seemingly everything's normal. At midnight, however, you realize there's MAYOR STAN DAILY something a bit unusual about this place. HON. PAUL FINDLEY At that hour through the week, or at 1 a.m. Friday and Saturdays, curfew starts. OF ILLINOIS HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO Everybody, except soldiers on duty or those IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CALIFORNIA with a special pass, must be off the streets Tuesday, March 2, 1976 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES until dawn. The curfew is most dramatic-though pos­ Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Tuesday, March 2, 1976 sibly the only-reminder that a military gov­ pending feed mixing regulations of the Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, ernment is in control and that the state European Community are another ex­ there is an old saying, dating from Ro­ of seige declared when Allende was toppled ample of misguided policy by our over­ man times I think, that "the people are is still on. The government claims the curfew has protective European friends. The Euro­ the city." succeeded in denying the Communist guer­ pean Community has proposed that all I first came across this phrase some rillas the opportunity to operate at night. mixed feed rations consumed in the time ago and it came to mind again when The Pinochet government, after all, is as op­ European countries include 50 kilo­ I heard that Stan Daily is retiring as posed to anything and anyone slightly leftist grams-about 5 percentr-nonfat dry mayor of Camarillo. The motto of the as the Allende regime was devoted to milk for each ton of protein material. city of Camarillo is "Las Personas son Marxism. Implementation of the proposed regu­ La Cuidad," and, in fact, there was an What if you're caught on the streets after lations to require that rations contain midnight? article about a year ago in Family Liv­ If only a few minutes late you are politely about 5 percent nonfat dry milk will in­ ing with that title, translated into Eng­ escorted to your residence. Beyond an hour, crease the cost of meat for Europeans, lish, of course, and written by Mayor and if your explanation fails to convince the hurt demand for U.S. soybeans, and Daily. authorities, you are politely taken to jall, could be the first shot in a trade war be­ If there is anybody who personifies the booked, asked to pay a $4 fine-and in the tween the United States and the Euro­ city and that motto more today than morning, you're sent out to sweep the town's pean Community. This regulation will Stan Daily, I'd like to meet him. Stan's main street. require European farmers to place ani­ Several times while going in and out of family dates back quite a ways in Ven­ this beautiful capital city I saw men-their mal protein in feed mixes at twice the tura County-so much so that even Stan, dress evidencing a variety of backgrounds­ cost of vegetable protein. as mayor of a town incorporated only doing the usual two-hour sweeping stint If I thought this was a. one-shot deal, 12 years ago, has to rank as an "old­ where Avenide Bernardo O'Higgins becomes I would be less concerned. But recently timer" despite his age. a four-lane freeway to Pudahel Airport. the Community increased the price sup­ Stan attributes this to the climate in So much for the "torture" of curfew break­ port level of milk. This also bodes ill for Camarillo-and in case some of the ers I read about a few months ago in a U.S. the American soybean, cotton, and flax Members are not familiar with it, it is publication. On the subject of torture: for obvious farmer. ideal. In any event, Stan has had the reasons, I asked students, shopkeepers, teach­ In addition, higher feed cost to Euro­ advantage of that climate longer than ers, cabdrivers and other civilians about it­ pean farmers will cause them to demand most, since he was born there. In fact, rather than government officials. higher subsidies for their exported prod­ except for the service, Stan's entire Most of them said that, yes, there might ucts such as canned hams. Thus, this new life is tied to the area. He served on the have been some torture and "roughing up" regulation will also cause further agita­ very first city council, and has served of political prisoners when the present ad­ tion in this country for a countervailing continuously through the entire incor­ ministration took over. But not now, "or we duty for ham and other meat products porated life of the city. He was twice would know about it." Most Chileans do not believe the charges shipped from Europe. selected as mayor, and served what un­ made by British physician Sheila Cassidy, If the Europeans implement this pol­ doubtedly is a record apprenticeship for who was recently expelled from the country icy, the United States might, for exam­ the job-6 years--as vice mayor. Nor has after spending two months in jail for refus­ ple, require that all wines distributed in he neglected his professional duties in ing to identify a leftist guerrilla she had this country include at least 5 percent that time. treated. domestic wines. We could create a new Since 1974, he has been chairman of Most everyone I talked with expressed dis­ agency that would check wine bottles the social science department at Hue­ may at the publicity given the doctor's al­ legations of mistreatment, particularly in with syringes to assure that imported neme High School, and for the past 12 light of both her reportedly known leftist wines contain the required 5 percent years, he has served as adviser to the leanings and her failure, so far, to prove that domestic wine supplementation. associated student body at the school. she was indeed tortured. The proposed European certification In 1967, he was honored as the year's Noting that little if any coverage is given system for implementing their program outstanding master teacher at the school. to the treatment of political prisoners in would make the wine system look simple. In fact, the list of Stan's honors and other South American countries, Eastern It must have been created in Disney­ community service is long even for the Europe and the Soviet Union, many here be­ land. It would add a governmental non­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, and it led to his lieve that Chile's bad image springs from what they consider as a well-organized, and economic burden to the feed system, fur­ being named Outstanding Young Man of Moscow-directed, campaign. ther discouraging soybean meal con­ Camarillo in 1968-69. Everything from sumption. streets and highways to architectural In fact, I believe that the implementa­ heritage in the city has been Stan's con­ tion of the regulation may be interfer­ cern, and it is for all these reasons that VOTING RECORD ence with the duty-free obligation under he will be honored at a community din­ GATI'. If the Community implements ner March 11. I can think of no finer this misguided plan, I intend to urge the accolade for Stan, and for his lovely HON. PIERRE S. (PETE) du PONT President to take the issue to GATT. wife, Liz, who has made all of it possible, OF DELAWARE I believe that it is time that all nations than to have this body extend its unan­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who have a surplus of dairy production imous good wishes and congratulations, meet to discuss a solution to the prob­ along wi..th a hearty "Thank you,'' for all Tuesday, March 2, 1976 lem be solved. Solutions to the problem as that he has done. Or as our earlier pio­ Mr. DU PONT. Mr. Speaker, while I proposed by the Community's 5-percent neers would put it, "Gracias, your honor, was away from Congress on Monday, Iem. It is time that this recurring prob- from the people in the city." 5056 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Mm·ch 2, 1976

FPC CHAIRMAN WANTS UTILITY terns approaching the historic levels of 6 ~Ir. Speaker, in addition to these ac­ RATE INCREASES to 7 percent in load growths. The potentlal of power shortages in the mid-1980's is a real complishments and many others with possibility that should be considered today. t~e Salvation Army, Major Britcher is Construction of coal and nuclear base load president of the Aurora Clergy Associa­ HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON facilities can be justified on the basis of tion and a member of the Kane County OF MASSACHUSETTS national fuel utilization policies and, in CETA Council and a member of the l)T THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES some areas of the country, on the basis of Kane County Nutrition Program Project lower costs to consumers. It is also clear that Council. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 increased capital will be required for plant conversion, based on your ESECA program, Somehow with all these duties and l\Ir. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, each as well as the costs to meet the desired en­ responsibilities, Major Britcher still finds year our privately-owned utility com­ vironmental objectives of the nation. time to serve as pastor of the Salvation panies spend tens of millions of dollars Yet another point should be made in this Army congregation, preaching three ser­ of their customers' money justifying util­ connection. It ls my feeling that the cost and mons a week, teaching several classes, ity rate increases. Lately they have been risk of having plants on line later than neces­ and fulfilling pastoral duties. very successful-last year, utility profits sary al'e far greater than having plants on Mr. Speaker, the Aurora Kiwanis were at record levels. line on time or even early. In some cases, Club has made an outstanding selection However Richard Dunham, the new for example, the cost of delaying a nuclear power plant one year is 5 million barrels of for this year's award. Maj. Eric Britcher chairman of the Federal Power Commis­ oil to the nation, and, to consumers, an addi­ is an indefatigable and industrious ad­ sion, which allegedly regulates utility tional $100-$200 million in higher capital and vocate working to improve the lives of rates, evidently feels the utility industry fuel costs. thousands of his fellow men and women. needs still additional help in justifying It is difficult for regulators to call for Major Britcher is most deserving of the more rate increases. higher prices for consumers today based on tribute planned for him in Aurora on Although the FPC is charged with the the justification of better fuel utilization March 9 and it is a pleasul'e to join with task of weighing the interest of the pub­ and greater national security tomorrow. The his many friends and admirers in honor­ major part of this burden falls upon the lic against the interest of the stockhold­ State regulators who are faced with the ma­ ing him for his excellent works. er, Mr. Dunham, after just a few short jority of rate decisions. Their job is a most months on the job, has concluded that difficult one and any assistance that your the stockholder is to be preferred. agency or the Administration can provide He has therefore, in a letter to FEA to them would clearly be in the national POLISH MEN ARE GENUINE HEROES Administrator Frank Zarb asked the FEA interest. The long-range financial stab111ty to help the utilities create a climate of of the electricity industry and its suppliers depends primarily upon the rat& decisions HON. DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR. public opinion in which the consumer and actions of our State regulatory bodies. OF MICHIGAN will accept new rate increases without To fulfill adequately their responsibilities, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES complaining. they need our support. I look forward to In recent years utility rates have sky­ working with you and the State Commissions Tuesday, March 2, 1976 rocketed, fueling inftation and creating in the future. Mr. RIEGLE. Mr. Speaker, the Detroit real hardships for the average consumer, Sincerely, News has published an excellent edi­ not to mention those of social security or RICHARD L. DUNHAM, Chairman. torial concerning Polish Americans en­ fixed incomes. Unfortunately, Mr. Dun­ titled "Polish Men Are Genuine Heroes." ham does not seem to be concerned with I would urge my colleagues to read and the public's ability to pay the higher consider the thoughts it expresses, and rates he feels so desirable. AURORA KIWANIS CLUB TO HONOR I insert it for that purpose: One can only view with a sense of dis­ MAJ. ERIC BRITCHER POLISH MEN ARE GENUINE HEROES-THEY ARE may and cynacism, a situation in which MlsTAKEN the regulator has become the chief A study indicating that the majority of spokesman for the regulated. Hopefully, HON. TIM L. HALL several hundred second-generation Polish­ the other members of the FPC do not OF U..LINOIS American blue-collar workers surveyed in a share their Chairman's zeal for raising IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Detroit parish have a low self-image is a the rates on the public they are sup­ shock and surprise to those who believe the posed to protect. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 ethic of hard work and devotion to family and church was the foundation on which Mr. Speaker, I commend to the atten­ Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, an outstand­ this nation was built. tion of my fell ow Members the fallowing ing citizen in my district, Maj. Eric No ethnic group exemplifies these values letter recently sent by Chairman Dun­ Britcher of the Salvation Army, is being more solidly than the Polish-Americans of ham to FEA Administrator Frank Zarb. honored by the Aurora Kiwanis Club. Detroit. The text of the letter follows: Major Britcher has been named as this Yet, Detroit anthropologist Paul Wrobel, FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION, year's recipient of the Kiwanis Club's himself a third-generation Polish-American Washington, February 23, 1976. Service to God and Fellow Man Award. and son of an auto worker, finds the blue­ Hon. FRANK G. ZARB, Since his appointment to the Aurora colla.r workers he studied are apologetic about Administrator, Federal Energy Administra­ Salvation Army in 1972, Major Britcher themselves, their Jobs and their way of life. tion, Washington, D.C. has been performing admirable service. "The men view themselves as untnte111gent DEAR MR. ZARB: Recent reports of lower factory workers unworthy of respect and in­ interest rates and higher stock prices have Under his leadership, the second Horizon capable of anything worthwhile except sup­ tended to give the impression that the finan­ Center for Senior Citizens was initiated porting a family through hard work," read cial problems of the electric utilities no with a membership of over 1,500. Be­ part of Wrobel's report to the American longer exist. Furthermore, some have argued tween 5,000 and 7,000 persons are served Association for the Advancement of Science. that the power plant delays, postponements ·monthly through the center's program. If, "supporting a family through hard and cancellations which helped mitigate last Also included among Major Britcher's work" is grounds for self-depreciation, then year's financial problems will have little or achievements are the homemaker/home something has gone terribly wrong with no impact on future energy availability or health aide service, a doubling of the America's sense of values. national energy objectives. This latter ob­ Polish-Americans are justifiably proud of servation appears to be based on the high Christmas assistance program and the the way the land of their forebears has re­ average reserve margins now being recorded expansion of the program to assist men­ bounded in the last qua1·ter century to be­ by the nation's utilities. I take exception to tally retarded adults. come the most independent member of the both these conclusions. Mr. Speaker, a New' Life House for Eastern Europe Communist bloc after Our nation's utilities financial problems Boys serving teens in need of temporary Russia's World War II take-over. It has taken continue to exist. Recent load growths have placement in order to adjust to normal courage and devotion for Poland's people to been well below historical levels. While some community life is a result of Major resist so successfully the Russian effort to of this 1s due to conservation, and price im­ stamp out worship in the Catholic Church. pacts, a good deal of it is the result of the Britcher's efforts. A volunteer services But Detroit's Polish-Americans have much recession and high unemployment rates that program which includes 1,930 persons to be proud of closer to home. It comes the nation is experiencing. In many parts of who annually provide the community through unwittingly in their interviews with the country where the economy 1s returning some 15,000 hours of volunteer uork Wrobel. Recurrent are the statements: "All I to more desirable levels, we see utility sys- owes its direction to Maj. Eric Britcher. expect is decent pay for ha,rd work." "You March 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5057 don ·t get something for nothing" and "No­ a.nee to libeTalization of Soviet policy toward is imperative that HUD now undertake body owes me a living!' its ethnic and religious minorities. vigorous steps t.o secure decent housing As Wrobel sums it up: "This Detroit Pol• But Brezhnev was frank in acknowledging for all by eliminating the pockets of iso­ ish-Americau is a. husband. a. father, a fac­ the failures of the Soviet economy. Such tory worker, a Roman Catholic, a. parish candor is exceptional. He didn't dwell at lated and deteriorated housing to which member and a homeowner, concerned about length on those failures, but they have been minorities and the poor have been rele­ maintaining the safety of his home and the more than obvious to most foreign observers. gated. security of his family." The Soviet agricultural economy has been Were it not for the racially polarized But the note of tragedy in Wrobel's study especially disastrous. There was an 83-mil­ housing patterns in this country, we is that many of those he interviewed did not lion-ton shortfall in the 1975 grain crop, would not need special judicial interven­ realize their belief in and adherence to this forcing the Kremlin to seek 35 million tons tion in order to secure equal municipal work and family ethic may be among the from the United States and other foreign and educational services to all areas of most important contributions Polish-Ameri­ sources. Some of these failures appear to be cans have made to the United States. attributable not only to variables like the a community. HUD must vigorously en­ It is sad to read that many of those weather, but to permanent defects in Soviet force the law so as to promorte the elim­ studded, in Wrobel's words, "seem to exist agricultural administration. inSJtion of such separate residential solely to raise children whose lives will be By publicly admitting the failures of the patterns. significantly different from their own." Soviet economy. Brezhnev may be preparing It is ~ because of reported deficiencies Hoping one's children will "have it better" his country for more active economic co­ in HUD's enforcement program that I is an aspiration all parents share, whatever operation with the United States. He spe­ am calling these March hearings. These their economic and social background. cifically cited his hope to reduce trade bar­ hearings will include testimony from But if "better" means the next generation riers between the two nations. Increased U.S.­ of these Polish-Americans are to lose their Soviet trade provides a way of advancing U.S. HUD and from various public interest respect for hard work. their religious faith national interests and the cause of detente organizations. On each of the 3 days, the and the close family unity of their pM"ents, gene·rall1. hearings will commence at 9:30 a.m. and then the whole nation would be the loser. Brezhnev also made a surprising disclosure be held in room 2226 Rayburn House The Polish heroes cited in American his­ of Soviet proposals to limit strategic arms. Office Building. tory books are the Kosciuszkos and Pulaskis, This departure. is another signal that the who came to fight for freedom in the Revolu­ Soviet Union is very much interested in nego­ tionary War. tiating another strategic arms agreement. But the even more enduring heroes may The possibilities deserve thorough explora­ FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE be those millions of Polish men and women tion in Washington. who came to an alien land and by hard work, The speech, in short, contained a few strong moral values and pride in home and bright gaps in a da.rk cloud of Marxist ortho­ HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI doxy. It is in the interest of the United family made it a better nation than they OF NEW YORK found it. States, and world peace, that these gaps be examined and widened. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, March 2, 1976 GAPS IN THE MARXIST CLOUD • Mr. ZEFERETI'I. Mr. Speaker, in the ANNOUNCEMENT OF HEARINGS ON past several years, as the revelations of HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN HOUSING the Watergate era unfolded one after OF ILLINOIS the other, a shocked Nation began to suspect all its public servants of some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. DON EDWARDS. kind of bad faith in their public deal­ Tuesday, March 2, 1976 OF CALIFORNIA• ings and handling of public funds. To­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker. I real­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES day, that feeling of distrust is endemic ize that many Members have been pre­ Tuesday, March 2, 1976 and pervades our national thinking. In occupied with political developments in all walks of life and at all income lev­ the United States and the view of the Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. els, the average American feels that situation in our country as seen by prom­ Speaker, I wish to announce that the standards of public !ife are not high; inent Political figures. It is my hope Subcommittee on Civil and Constitu­ that elected public servants are not to that the 5-hour monolog on the Soviet tional Rights of the Committee on the be trusted. economy that Leonid Brezhnev delivered Judiciary will hold 3 days of public This is a potentially disastrous state to his handpicked audience in Moscow hearings on March 9, 10, and 11 on equal of affairs. especially in light of the seri­ recently receives the attention it de­ opportunity in housing. ous problems elected officials are being serves. There are strong indications, Mr. called upon to solve. Hard choices loom The Chicago Sun-Times. in an edito­ Speaker, that discriminatory forces are ahead of us, and without public confi­ rial on Thursday, February 26, 1976, very still operating today to exclude minor­ dence, these choices cannot be made and effectively, I believe, analyzes the situa­ ities from decent housing opportunities. implemented. No nation is any stronger tion in the U.S.S.R. Moreover, it appears that such continu­ than its institutions, and no institutions The article follows: ing discrimination may, at least in part, are any stronger than the faith of the be the result of failures of the Depart­ people in them. Therefore, it is impera­ GAPS IN THE MARXIST CLOUD ment of Housing and Urban Develop­ Soviet Communist Party leader Leonid I. tive that public trust, once so willingly Brezhnev's speech to the 25th party congress ment's fair housing enforcement pro­ given. be restored. To this end, I feel in Moscow was long on time (it took about gram. Recent reports have documented public financial disclosure by elected five hours) but short on innovation. It was that HUD has complaint backlogs, fails and high-ranking Government officials a heavily doctrinaire message that, with few to conduct adequate compliance reviews, is required, and would go a long way exceptions, stressed traditional Soviet themes. and gives its approval to funding applf­ toward restoring public confidence and But the few exceptions were important, and catidns which do not meet equal oppor­ trust in such individuals. they leave room for fruitful negotiation and tunity standards. This move is important because it exploitation by the United States. Brezhnev underscored the policy of detente There are Federal civil rights man­ recognizes the right of the public to have as a permanent feature of U.S.-Soviet rela­ dates which require that HUD act af­ access to basic data on any outside fi­ tions. He said, in fact, the Kremlin Will pur­ firmatively to insure the availability of nancial interests of Government officials. sue detente with "redoubled energy," and he equal housing opportunities to minori­ With such disclosure and access, the held out "good prospects" for further agree­ ties and women. More recently, the Hous­ public will have the best possible as­ ments with this country. ing and Community Development Act of surance that their elected and appointed But he also stressed what he and other 1974 was passed to insure that the thrust officials are not abusing their trust and Soviet leaders have stressed before: that the of federally financed community devel­ benefiting thereby. party is committed to the "revolutionary­ democratic, anti-lznperialist" movement. opment be toward the elimination of The President and Mrs. Ford took a Brezhnev also took a swipe at China, which "slums and blight" and the reduction of laudable step in that direction recently continues to be the sharpest thorn 1n the housing isolation experienced by minor­ with their own financial disclosure, set­ paw of the Russian bear. He stressed the need ities and the poor. Although there is sub­ ting an example which I think is worthy for greater political orthodoxy by West Euro­ stantial evidence which suggests that of emulation. pean Communists. And he reaffirmed reslst- HUD is not fulfilling these mandates, it Further, a number of State jurisdic- CXXII--320-Part 4 5058 :EX:TEN~IONS OF' REMA'RKS March 2; 19'16 tions now demand and receive full fi­ their apartments. However, some senior lems the elderly face with mass transit. nancial disclosure by such officials. This citizens want and need something more In 1974, it passed an amendment to the syndrome is even now extending down intellectually exciting than the routine Urban Mass Transportation Act that re­ to the local level, and it cannot do any­ provided at these centers. It was for these quires recipients of grants authorized thing but good. Anyone with private in­ people that I, as an assemblyman, under that legislation to institute a half­ terests to hide does not belong in the helped initiate a program at the City fare program for the elderly du!.·ing off affected public offices. Regrettably, how­ University of New York by which senior peak hours. While this amendment was a ever, these other jurisdictions are sig­ citizens could enroll, tuition free, in all great step forward, in my opinion, it nificantly far ahead of the Federal fi­ classes which were undersubscribed. does not go far enough. nancial disclosure movement. That program is now more than 3 The limitation of reduced fares to off A Federal Financial Disclosure Act years old and is considered a success by peak hours places an unnecessary has been proposed in the form of H.R. almost all of the people who have fol­ restriction on senior citizens access to 3249. It is a comprehensive and effective lowed its development. I still receive let­ less expensive transportation. The un­ piece of legislation which I support' and ters from senior citizens telling me how comfortable conditions during rush have joined in sponsoring. Congress much these classes mean to them. The hours would serve as a sufficient deterent should enact this measure forthwith, to officials of the City University have not to any senior citizen who would wish to assure the American people, who have found the program to be an administra­ make an unnecessary trip during that had so many rude shocks, that a new tive or financial burden, and consider the time period. But, a removal cf the cur­ era is possible and that there is strong participation of the elderly in classroom rent time restrictions would allow senior legislation to back up promises made by discussion educationally beneficial to the citizens who must travel during rush those in high places. other students and the faculty. hours to do so at a reduced rate. My only disappointment with the pro­ Nor is a reduction to half fares any gram is that too few senior citizens have longer a guarantee of an affordable fare taken part in it. Of the nearly 1 million for senior citizens. Rising costs have FREE FARES FOR SENIOR CITIZENS: persons 60 years of age or older, less than made today's half fare greater than AN IDEA WHOSE TIME HAS COME 1,000 have taken advantage of the pro­ yesterday's full fare. In New York City, gram. fares have increased 333 percent in the Similar programs at other universities last 10 years. The current 25 cent fare is HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ have produced like results. I have re­ 67 percent greater than the 15 cent fare OF NEW YORK ceived nearly two dozen letters from ad­ of the midsixties. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ministrators of schools that have such Even the history of past increases Tuesday, March 2, 1976 programs. All of them describe the pro­ understates the size of the problem senior gram at their school educationally citizens will face in New York City. Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I would worthwhile and beneficial to all con­ The city's fiscal condition and the Ford like to take this opportunity to discuss cerned. However, when they reveal the administration's la,test proposal to limit with my colleagues on the subject of number involved, it is clear that only a Federal subsidies for op.erating expenses "Transportation and the Elderly" which small percentage of those eligible to en­ threaten to increase the fare even is of deep concern to myself and of criti­ roll in the program do so. further. Half fares of 35 or 40 cents are cal importance to many of my constitu­ One of the reasons for the lack of no longer a remote possibility but are ents. participation in these worthwhile pro­ now a likely probability. As you may know, I represent New grams is the tr&nsportation problems I believe it is time that we looked to a York State's 13th Congressional District that senior citizens face. In our auto­ free fare policy for senior citizens. The which is located in the southern part of mobile oriented society many older cost of such a system would be less than Brooklyn and is heavily populated by Americans are unable to take advantage most of us would expect it to be. Fare col­ senior citizens. Persons over the age of of many of the programs offered to them lections only generate approximately $2 65 comprise 16.8 percent of my constitu­ because they do not have the necessary billion a year in revenues. I am ents, and in some of the neighborhoods means of transportation. As a iuoup, per­ sure retired senior citizens, who do not in the district older Americans are one­ sons over 65 are less likely to be use mass transit systems for daily com­ third of the population. These figures part of a household which has a car than mutation, account for less than 5 per­ make my district the seventh oldest, persons in any other age group. To some cent of the revenues or $100 million. populationwise, in the Nation, with only extent this is a result of the relative Thus, a Federal subsidy ·which com­ a few districts in Florida and California poverty of the elderly. However, even if pensated local transit authorities for having a larger senior citizen population. we were to give the elderly the financial the loss of revenues caused by a citizen Before being elected to the Congress, I means to acquire automobiles, a good free system would represent only 0.025 had the good fortune of representing a percentage of them would still have percent of the $400 billion budget. good many of my constituents in the trouble getting around because they no Nor are free fare systems an untried New York State Assembly. So you can longer have the strength, coordination idea. Such major world cities as Stock­ see a good deal of my public life has been or eye sight which is needed for safe holm, Sweden, and Osaka, Japan, have devoted to servicing the needs of the driving. such programs. In our own country, the elderly. As a result, I have gotten to know It is clear that the solution to the city of Honolulu has a free fare program very well many senior citizens and I have transportation problems of the elderly for the elderly which has resulted in a become acquainted with their problems. is ineluctably tied to the upgrading and threefold increase in the number of From my experience representing development of mass transportation in senior citizens who used the mass transit these people, I have come to realize that this country. However, much of mass system. This dramatic increase in elderly boredom and loneliness are two of the transit is inaccessible to senior citizens. ridership is further evidence that transit most pressing problems faced by the Rising fares have made a bus or a train fares pose a substantial financial barrier elderly. With the demise of the extended ride a luxury for many senior citizens to senior citizens. family, our old are too often marooned and architectural barriers continue to However, for many older Americans, in their central city homes, with few op­ make such a trip physically impossible · money is not the only barrier between portunities to lead productive and mean­ for other older Americans. them and mass transit. According to a ingful lives. Senior citizens are among the poorest study prepared by the Urban Mass In New York City, nearly one-third of people in our society. Their median in­ Transportation Administration, one­ all senior citizens reside alone, and over come is approximately one-half that of third of the over 20 million Americans one-half of all the elderly live without younger persons and a household which 65 years or older are physically handi­ spouses. For these people to engage in is headed by someone over 65 is twice capped to the point where mass trans­ the most ordinary sort of social activity, as likely to have an income below $4.000 portation with its architectural barriers they must go outside of their homes. than is a household headed by a younger is extremely difficult to use or entirely To some extent, senior citizen centers individual. inaccessible. have provided a comfortable place to The Congress has been somewhat A classic example of the existence of escape from the desolate loneliness of responsive to the special financial prob- mass transit which is of limited use to :E:Ki:TBNSIONS 0P• REMARKS 5059 the elderly is located in my district. With vehicles or construction of new stations I said then-and it is applicable now: the possible exception of the borough and lines to apply some of this Federal For years, Oklahoma. farmers and cattle­ of Manhattan, there are few areas in this assistance to eliminating architectural men have had their fences torn down and country which have better mass transit barriers in their old facilities. If a local the countryside littered by fence-straddler than does my district. In addition to authority is using Federal funds to pur­ type campaign signs. The damage to fences is compounded by the practice of some can­ dozens of bus routes, there are four sub­ chase new trains to service its current didates tearing down signs (and often fences way lines and 38 subway stations in my customers, or add new lines to attract at the same time) and leaving litter on the district. However, much of the mass new riders, I do not see why we cannot roadside ••• transit is useless to many of the elderly require that authority to allocate a por­ because of architectural barriers. tion of its Federal funds t.oward making The bill I have introduced would make All three subway lines in the area are mass transit accessible to the elderly and the posting of such signs-without the elevated. Reaching the train may require the handicapped along existing lines. express approval of the owner-punish­ the climbing of three :flights of stairs. In Such Federal requirements of local able by up to a $1,000 fine and 1 year Brighton Beach, which contains the authorities are not, in my opinion, an imprisonment. heaviest concentration of senior citizens unwarranted intrusion into local matters. in the district, 70 steps separate the side­ If the Congress of the United States is walk from the platform. No one suffering going to appropriate a substantial por­ from heart disease would even attempt tion of the funds necessary for opera­ NOBEL PRIZEWINNER ELECTED climbing these stairs, and anyone suffer­ tion of mass transit systems, as I believe TO SCIENCE BOARD ing from such age-associated chronic it should-then it should also have a say diseases as arthritis and rheumatism in developing the priorities of such sys­ HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY could only do so with the greatest of tems. Since 1970, the Congress has made OF NEW YORK difficulty. it clear that equal access for the handi­ For many of the elderly in Brighton capped to mass transit is a Federal prior­ I:N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Beach, the subway might as well not ity; it is now time to put that priority Tuesday, March 2, 1976 exist. The more fragile senior citizens o! into practice. Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. that community would be better off if However, it is not enough to require Speaker, I consider it an honor to pay the station were torn down. At least then local authorities to allocate more of their tribute to a distinguished man who de­ they would be able to enjoy the sun that resources toward meeting the needs of serves the recognition of being one of is now blocked out by this grim structure. the handicapped and the elderly. Local the Nation's top physicists. I am proud Nor are the elderly of Brighton Beach, transit authorities are now starved for to congratulate Nobel Prize Physicist who live within the shadows of the train funds and local governments do not have and State University of New York at station they cannot use, an anomaly. It the taxing capacities to change that situ­ Stony Brook Professor, Dr. Chen Ning has been estimated that there are ation. Thus, placing additional require­ Yang, who has been elected to a 4-year 700,000 handicapped persons who live ments on local authorities, without sup­ term on the board of directors of the within two blocks of public transit, but plying additional resources, is like asking American Association for the Advance­ who cannot make use of its services be­ them to rob Peter to pay Paul and to go ment of Science. Dr. Yang was born 1n cause of existing physical barriers. ahead on one very socially useful project Hofei, China in 1922, received his col·· The Congress has shown that it is while scrapping another less meritorious lege education at the National South­ aware of the plight of these millions of but necessary and important undertak­ west Associate University in wartime Americans. In the 1970 amendment to ing. China, and came to the United States in the Urban Mass Transportation Act, it T'ne only way out of this dilemma is 1945. In 1948, he received a Ph. D. degree "declared to be national policy that to increase Federal expenditures for mass in physics from the University of Chi­ elderly and handicapped have the same transit. It is simply ludicrous that in the cago. He became a member of the In­ right as other persons to utilize mass year 1976, after so much has been writ­ stitute for Advanced Study in Princeton transportation facilities and services." ten about the need to conserve energy, in 1949 and a professor in 1955. In 1966, The same amendments also mandated that the Federal Government still spends Dr. Yang became the Albert Einstein "that special efforts be made in the plan­ four times as much on highways as it Professor of Physics at the State Uni­ ning and design of mass transportation does on mass transit. It is also simply versity of New York at Stony Brook facilities and services so the availability unconscionable that in his proposed where he is the director of the Institute to the elderly and handicapped person budget for fiscal 1977, the President asks for Theoretical Physics. Dr. Yang won for a 16-percent increase in highway the Nobel Prize for Physics in 19517 for will be assured/' expenditures while recommending a cut As usual, however, our legislative his research into the laws of parity which in Federal subsidies for operating ex­ led to major discoveries concerning ele­ rhetoric has greatly exceeded our finan­ penses. If we are to begin to address our­ cial commitment. To be sure, conditions mentary particles. Dr. Yang, in addiiton, selves to transportation problems of the honors me by serving as a member of my have improved since 1970. Under regu­ elderly, we will have to reject the Presi­ lations which were promulgated by the Science Advisory Committee, and has dent's proposals and develop a sensible consistently offered his wisdom to our Urban Mass Transportation Adminis­ balance in our funding of transportation. tration in February 1975, fixed trans­ committee in assessing various national portation facilities including terminals scientific issues. and stations that are constructed Oi" Dr. Yang is a credit to our community altered with Federal funds will have to and our country, and I am pleased to conform to standards designed to guar­ FENCE STRADDLERS IN FEDERAL extend my congratulations to him. antee their accessibility to the elderly ELECTION CAMPAIGNS I include the following: and handicapped. DR. YANG ELECTED TO ScIENCE BOARD However, these regulations, for all Nobel Prize physicist and State University Hon. Theodore M. (Ted) Risenhoover at Stony Brook professor, Dr. C. N. Yang, has practical purposes, only affect new sys­ been elected to a. four-year term on the Board tems such as San Francisco's BART and OF OKLAHOMA of Directors of the American Association for Washington's Metro, and do not address IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Advancement of Science. themselves to problems of the older sys­ Tuesday, March 2, 1976 The Setauket professor was co-recipient of tems such as New York's. What is re­ the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1957 for his quired is a change in UMTA rules to Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, I research into the laws of parity which led to mandate all recipients of its capital as­ have today introduced legislation to out­ major discoveries concerning elementary sistance grants to file a plan for the law the use of fence straddlers in Federal particles. eventual upgrading of all existing facili- Chen Ning Yang was born in 1922 in Hofe!, election campaigns. China.. He received his college education at ties, so they too can be made to meet the Last year, I signaled my intent to file the National Southwest Associate University needs of the elderly and the handicapped. the bill and stop the practice through a in war-time China and came to the United The Federal Government should re­ letter which I sent to the Honorable Bob States in 1945. He received a Ph.D. degree ln quire each State and local government Funston, Democratic Party chairman in Physics from the University of Chicago in receiving funds for the purchase of new Oklahoma. 1948. He became a member of the Institute 5060 E~TENSIONS OF '- REMA1RK:$ for Advanced Study in Princeton in 1949 and debate and intelligent decisionmaking strengthened in 1974 and benefit levels a Professor in 1955. In 1966 he became the require no less. that made such endeavors possible. Albert Einstein Professor of Physics at the NBC's NIS programing is providing The opportunity now being used by State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is director of the Institute for Theoretical needed information and should be con- · these veterans is of further importance Physics at that University. gratulated for its service. when we realize that many of them came He is married to the former Chih Li Tu. from educationally disadvantaged eco­ The Yangs have two sons and a daughter. nomic and social groups. An examination Yang is a Nobel Prize winner (1957), a of veterans in this category enrolled in member of the National Academy of Sciences. NEED FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION 1974 revealed that those who were dis­ the American Physical Society, the Society TO ALLOW POST-KOREAN CON­ charged prior to 1966 have the highest of Sigma Xi, and the Academy of Arts and FLICT VETERANS TO COMPLETE percentage of nonhigh school gradu­ Sciences. THEIR EDUCATIONS ates, 21 percent as compared to those discharged after 1966 in which the non­ HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN high school graduate rate is 13.9 percent. NBC'S NIS PROGRAMING We should also keep in mind that the OF MASSACHUSETTS past years have been marked by high HON. LOUIS FREY, JR. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rates of inflation and unemployment, OF FLORIDA Tuesday, March 2, 1976 which factors have further prejudiced IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, when the the educational pursuits of these vet­ erans. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 Congress approved the current GI bill, it provided for the inclusion of those With the upgrading of benefit levels Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, there are veterans with service after January 31, and outreach programs in the past few currently over 8,000 radio stations in the 1955 who were discharged prior to June, years the post-Korean conflict veteran United States, with some 61 million 1966. For the nearly 500,000 veterans in was provided with an opportunity that radio households. As the number of radio this category who are currently enrolled didn't fully exist prior to such actions. stations in this country has increased­ in programs of education and training The nearly 500,000 of them who seized and with the emergence of television­ benefits will terminate on June 1, 1976. this opportunity should be allowed to specialized formats have been created It may appear that a 10-year period is c,Jmplete their programs. with amazing ingenuity. These formats sufficient time for the completion of a Recent years have provided more op­ range from top 40 and country music to program of study yet I feel that there portunity for basic adult education and religious, event radio, and all-news. exist particular considerations for vet­ post-secondary education than was The all-news format deserves special erans in this category which warrant available following the 1955 to 1966 pe­ mention because, in my judgment, Amer­ legislative action to allow them to com­ riod. The veterans of that period can ica's need for timely and accurate infor­ plete their programs. now be educationally served more read­ mation about national and world devel­ When the Congress was looking at the ily and more effectively than at any other opments has never been greater. In fact, GI bill in 1974 it found that for a num­ previous time. In fairness to them we the contribution which the all-news ber of reasons veterans ·.vere not using cannot assume that they have had the radio format can make-particularly if the educational assistance available to same opportunity as their younger coun­ made available on the national level-is them. At that time it was concluded that terparts to utilize their educational as­ immense. the primary reason for nonutilization of sistance in these past 10 years. In this regard, I would like to call your benefits was the inadequate level of as­ I am today introducing legislation attention to the National Broadcasting sistance. Benefit amounts were signifi­ which will allow these veterans, cur­ Company's new radio News and Informa­ cantly increased in 1974 and the utiliza­ rently enrolled in programs of education tion Service-NIS-which now eriables tion period was extended from 8 to 1o and training, to complete these programs stations from coast to coast to fill the years. with the continued assistance of the GI information needs of their listeners Many veterans, particularly the post­ bill. around the clock 24 hours a day. Korean conflict veterans, were finan­ The programing for this unique and cially unable to attend school until the enterprising service includes interna­ rates had achieved a more adequate A TRIBUTE TO MAYOR MAE tional, national, and regional news, short level. Many of these veterans were mar­ STEWART documentaries., sports highlights, and a ried and have dependent children. The wide range of feature presentations. Sub­ financial obligations of overall support scribing stations carry up to 50 minutes for their families left them with neither HON. LOUIS STOKES of this material an hour, integrating it the time or the money to seek programs with local coverage in a total news for­ OF OHIO of education and training despite the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mat. In its first 6 months on the air, NIS fact that some assistance was available. has won acceptance in virtually every That participation bears a close rela­ Tuesday, March 2, 1976 part of the country. tionship to the level of benefits is re­ Mr. STOKES. Mr. Speaker, I rise to­ The all-news radio format as employed flected in part by the number of post­ day to pay tribute to a leading official up to now has been limited to a relatively Korean confiict veterans in training in of the Greater Cleveland area. small number of stations because of the current years. Since 1974 the number of Mayor Mae Stewart of the city of East major costs involved in establishing and those veterans in training has been Cleveland is a tireless advocate of fair­ maintaining a full-time news operation. greater than the number in training in ness, honesty, and high standards in This has been something affordable only any other single year since eligibility was municipal government. I am privileged to the Nation's larger station , and gen­ granted in 1966. Veterans' Administra­ to count this remarkable woman among erally only in major cities. tion statistics show that the most signifi­ my closest circle of friends and advisers. The significance of NBC's effort is that cant increase in utilizatior.. of the GI Mr. Speaker, East Cleveland's first it offers any number of stations-and bill occurred with regard to the post­ black woman mayor had made an indel­ stations in smaller population centers­ Korean conflict veteran. ible impact on the life of this city of a way to tap the extensive news gathering Testimony before the Senate Veterans' 62,000 inhabitants. Though not populous, resources of one major broadcasting or­ Affairs Committee also indicated that the East Cleveland is as plagued by social ganization. Hundreds of stations now lack of aggressive outreach programs and economic ills as any larger metrop­ have an affordable alternative to stan­ added to the nonutilization by post-Ko­ olis in the United States. Incidentally, it dard radio music and talk formats-and rean conflict veterans who were often has the highest number of citizens on millions of Americans who might not unaware that they were granted benefits public assistance in that area of north­ otherwise have such a listening choice retroactively. Thus these veterans who ern Ohio. are the beneficiaries. are currently in progams of study began Mrs. Stewart is currently serving her We deserve to be informed about na­ such programs in relatively recent years second 4-year term on the East Cleveland tional, State, and local issues. Public due to outreach programs that were Commission after having won an over- March 11!, \19176 5061 whelming victory 1n the elections last with me in honoring Mayor Mae Stewart. but important international status while fall. Knowing her as I do, she would not care it was still under foreign occupation. Mr. Speaker, let me cite a typical for too much flowery language or high In November 1918, the Germans with­ example of Mayor Stewart's zeal in de­ sounding platitudes. Given the chance, drew from Esronia, but the Soviets once manding excellence for her community. Mae Stewart would tell us that the best again attacked. The ever ready Estonian Recently, she waged a one-woman battle way to honor her would be to pledge our­ people responded quickly to the govern­ against the East Cleveland branch of a selves t;o the :fight against crime, hunger, ment order for general mobilization and major national food chain after she got poverty, and ignorance, and to dedicate braced themselves under their brave and tired of hearing constituent complaints ourselves to the struggle for human dig­ capable military leader, Col. Johan about rude service, poor produce, and nity for all citizens. Laidoner. - general filth. After a storewide inspec­ This is our Mayor Mae Stewart, Mr. For a few critical weeks they held the tion, Mrs. Stewart clamped down and Speaker, and we are proud of her. Soviets in check in a number of en­ mounted a sweeping investigation of counters, and they were then helped by store consumer policies, health stand­ the effective aid of the Finns and a ards, and discrimination in hiring prac­ British naval squadron, which brought tices. COMMEMORATING "ESTONIAN badly needed munitions. Estonia's inde­ As commissioner, Mrs. Stewart has also INDEPENDENCE DAY" pendence was saved wtih the help of her advocated a restructuring of the East friends, and we must follow this past ex-· Cleveland police force to make it more ample with, at the very least, our own ex­ responsive to the needs of the residents. HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD pression of strong moral support for the Mr. Speaker, Mae Stewart knows how to OF CONNECTICU T rights of Estonians to be independent. get the job done and her constituents are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT ATIVES When the peace treaty was signed on behind her all the way. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 February 2, 1920, between Estonia and As with most people who attain high the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union "vol­ political office, the road to success be­ Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, just last week untarily and forever" renounced its sov­ gins much earlier with involvement on many of us throughout this Nation com­ ereign rights over the territory and peo­ the community level. As the first black memorated mankind's continuing strug­ ple of Estonia. PTA president in the East Cleveland gle for human rights and liberties by From the day it declared its inde­ school system, Mrs. Stewart instituted celebrating Es,tonian Independence Day. pendence from the Soviet Union until many positive changes. Around the same It is an occasion about which many 1940, when the Soviet Union illegally ex­ time, she became actively involved in the Americans know a great deal, but un­ tended its control over the Baltic States, Roselle Superior Civic Association, an or­ fortunately some know very little. I Estonia existed as a free and independ­ ganization which promotes community­ would like to take this opportunity to in­ ent nation. Estonia took its place in the based projects and a better working rela­ crease the awareness of Americans about world community of nations. Its contri­ tionship between city administrators and the valiant :fight of Estonians for their butions to the work of the League of Na­ the community. Now that she is an ad­ cherished independence. tions, often as a worthy spokesman of ministrator herself, she still maintains Like its sister Baltic States, Estonia the small, democratic states and always those community ties. Let me take a has had to :fight throughout its history as an ardent advocate of peace, were moment to list but a few of her associa­ foreign efforts to conquer it. It was late significant. tions : in the 16th century that the three Baltic The course of catastrophic events very M EMBERSHIPS States first allied themselves with the early in the last war spelled tragedy for The T wenty-first Congressional District Scandinavian countries rather "tlu!n Estionia, as it did to its neighbors Lat­ Caucus. pay homage to the Russian czars seek­ via and Lithuania. But for a people who The Ohio Black Women's Leadership ing to control them. can keep the hope of freedom and inde­ Caucus. Russian dominance over the Baltic pendence alive for as long as Estonians The National League of Cit ies; Human Nations began in the early 18th century Resources Policy Committee. have, freedom will surely come again. Ohio Municipal League, Board of Trustees. and continued for nearly 200 years. In In our own country, Mr. Speaker, the The National Association for the Advance­ November 1917, when the Communists many people of Estonian descent keep ment of Colored People. became masters of Russia, the Estonian this hope of independence for Estonia The -Urban League. leaders decided to break away from Rus­ alive deep in their hearts and upper­ Vice President of the Second Wa1·d Demo­ sia, taking advantage of the German most in their minds. They have banded cratic Club of East Cleveland. menace at its borders. On February 23, together in societies whch work for the Board of Directors of the East Cleveland 1918, German troops entered Estonia, Police Athletic League. freedom of their ancestral homeland and and the Communists fled the country. also contribute greatly to the American Volunteer for various communit y h ealth The sudden change was a mixed bless­ drives. communities in which they live. ing to the people. The presence of the My own State can point proudly to the CITATIONS Germans was regarded as the only sure East Cleveland Citizen of the Year, 1970. Connecticut Estonian Society of Man­ Inclu ded in Who's Who in Blaclt:. America. way of evicting the Communists, but chester. Under the worthy leadership of Recipient of Honorary Degree of Human Estonian leaders did not welcome the oc­ Mrs. Vaike Lugus, the Connecticut Es­ Relations, 1975, University Forum Academy cupation of their homeland by another tonian Society is a credit to the rich her­ of Western Reserve University. set of foreigners. But, they were in no itage of that Baltic nation, and the new Mr. Speaker, for the past 30 years, she position to resist the Germans openly. history of our Ame1ican democratic ex­ has been married to Robert L. Stewart Instead, they took a symbolically mo­ perience. and is the mother of four grown children. menrous step: on February 24, 1918, they It gives me great pleasure and much She confides to her close associates that proclaimed Estonia's independence. honor to join together with fine people her best hours are now spent entertain­ The Germans, of course, refused to such as Mrs. Lugus and the others of the ing her two young grandsons. recognize the proclamation. They ar­ Connecticut Estonian Society to com­ My colleagues, Mrs. Stewart's philos~ rested and imprisoned many Estonian memorate Estonian Independence Day. ophy of life is basically a very simple one. leaders, and ruled the country with an iron hand until early November 1918. It is also one which all publi~ servants Meanwhile, many Estonian leaders fled should heed. Mae Stewart firmly believes the country and began to carry on a vig­ NEW BffiDS SING IN SLOVAKIA in what is right, and passionately opposes orous campaign in the Allied countries, that which she feels is wrong. She does and also in the United States, in behalf not backstep, cower, or remain silent of their compatriots in Estonia. HON. LARRY McDONALD when faced with adversity. These brave leaders were success!ul , OF GEORGIA Mayor Stewart and all those effective for on March 1, 1918, France accorded IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES local o:flice holders like her do much to de facto recognition to Estonia as an Tuesday, March 2, 1976 make our legislative work here in the independent state. Great Britain and Nation's capital that much easier. Mr. Italy did the same on March 20 and May Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, I call upon you and the Mem­ 29, respectively. By the actions of these Speaker, after a generation of Commu­ bers of the House here assembled to joln countries, Estonia was granted limited nist rule some have expected the spiri1i . \ - . . 5062 ltJ arch<72 ,' 19 'l B of the captive nations to be crushed. To great national hero of Poland, Marshal Jo­ "concrete" which would becon1e, in future zef Pilsudski, and the great national hero years, the groundwork of a great fundan-.en­ the deep chagrin of their Communist of Slovakia, General Milan Rastislav Ste­ tal institution. masters, this is not the case, for new fanik; Soon after the completion of the base of birds begin to sing tunes diametrically Under the banner For Your Freedom and this building, the lives of the original drafts­ opposite to Communism within the Com­ Ours to jointly oppose the alien Communist men were relinquished. This, though, was munist occupied lands. As an example I ideology which is so repugnant to the na­ not the end of construction by any means. would like to cite reports from northern tional and religious feelings of our nations The next generation, feeling that same inn er Slovakia, near the Polish border, of and to jointly oppose a revival of Fascism, drive and 'force to excel, then started work­ "Samizdat" leaflets with national and which brought. in the past the part ition of ing on the first floor. Their accomplish­ each of our nations; · ment s shaped the architecture of the ground religious content secretly produced and Further as Slavic and Christian peoples floor. When they died, the next group of distributed by young Slovaks. As a re­ we recognize A. I. Solzhenitsyn as a Prophet "construction workers" started on the job. sult of this spontaneous action the Com­ for our time and extend the hand of friend­ Wi~h each generation a section of that build­ munist security service sealed off a ship on the basis of equality and mutual ing was completed. Now, after 200 years of large portion of the country to search for respect to fighters for freedom and inde­ existence, one might think that the building the young Slovaks responsible for these pendence from an other enslaved nation_s; would be ready to crumble at t he slightest acts of resistance. The towns searched, The Combat Organization Free Poland jar. But, surprisingly enough, that building and the Slovak Revolutionary Army jointly is now just as immovable and steady as it in some of which whole blocks of houses call upon all other National Liberation was when the work had just begun. However, were cordoned off, included Namestovo, Movements to join our alliance in order to instead of existing as a simple footing, it is Dolny Kubin, Spisska Stara Ves, Ruzom­ cooperate and coordinate our actions against a vast skyscraper, with floor after floor and berok, Zilina, Trencin, and Nitra. the Soviet imperialistic invaders and the layer after layer of solid democratic material. The spirit of these young Slovaks is Communist ruled "governments" in our One might also think, that such a tall struc­ characteristic of a new generation countries; t ure would be easily destroyed by angry winds throughout Eastern Europe, national­ Both parties make it public that several and tempests. And through the years I'll istic, but not chauvinistic, religious, but detailed protocols have been signed govern­ grant you many troubled winds and tremors ing the conduct of revolutionary operations. have tried to loosen the sure foundation of not dogmatic, and believers in elected (Duly executed signatures of the repre­ t his institution but its creators foresaw its representative government, not the to­ sentatives of both parties appear on the eventual growth and allowed for it in their talitarianism of any party. This new original of this agreement.) plans. Just as the original builders added to spirit of resistance by young people in Signed on the 16th Day of October, 1975, t he structure of this building, it is therefore Eastern Europe, is beginning to have in New York, New York. our responsibility as Americans living in the response in the West. For example, Dr. United States today, to preserve this historic Kristof Greiner, the distinguished Slovak landmark and to meet the challenge: to let journalist in exile in West German, edi­ our accomplishments form another floor in tor of the Slovak-language newspaper 1975-76 VFW VOICE OF DEMOC­ the American Heritage skyscraper. Cernakov Odkaz and director of Slovak RACY SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM broadcasts from Cologne, beams back to Slovakia reports of acts of Slovak re­ HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. AMERICA'S IMAGE ABROAD sistance so that the whole nation can be informed of different acts of Slovak OF INDIANA heroism. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. ALPHONZO BELL Different exile groups in contact with Tuesday, March 2, 1976 OF CALIFORNIA the resistance in their native lands have Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, as the rep­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES begun spontaneous cooperation with resentative in Congress of the 11th Dis­ Tuesday, March 2, 1976 each other, based upon the concepts de­ trict of Indiana, I am especially proud veloped by young people behind the Iron to insert the inspirational words of my Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, I call to the Curtain. The Slovak Revolutionary young constituent Jeffrey Douglas attention of my colleagues an editorial by Army, representing continuity from the Moran. William Randolph Hearst, Jr., editor in earliest Slovak opposition to the Soviet Mr. Moran composed and delivered chief of the Hearst newspapers, which occupiers of Slovakia to the new genera­ the following as a part of the VFW Voice was published recently in the San Fran­ tion, entered into an agreement with the of Democracy Scholarship Prgoram. cisco Examiner on the subject of this Polish Combat Organization, Wolna The article follows: country's international image. Polska, on October 16, 1975. I am pieased 1975- 76 VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY SCHOLAR­ Mr. Hearst finds that foreign nations to bring to the attention of my colleagues SHIP PROGRAM, INDIANA WINNER have begun to worry that the United the text of this agreement of coopera­ To me our American heritage ls like a States may not continue to have the will tion between two significant resistance building. EV'ery physical building that stands to match our world status as a super­ groups as it appeared in the publication the test of time, has a foundation of a firm power. Free Poland of October-November 1975: substance. Likewise, our heritage has a reso­ The complete text of his very pe.rcep­ JOINT COMMUNIQUE lute foundation. It is steadfast because it tive and enlightening editorial follows: The Combat Organization Free Poland was built on the principles that "all men OUR IMAGE ABROAD (Organizacja Bojowa Wolna Polska) and the are created equal", that all men have "certain unalienable rights", and that among man's (By William Randolph Hearst, Jr.) Slovak Revolutionary Army (Slovenska PARIS.-In three weeks spent talking to Revolucna Armada), representing resistance rights as a human being, and as an Ameri­ forces of our two neighboring nations, re­ can citizen, is the privilege to b'e what you people in western Europe of various nation­ want to be, to accomplish the impossible, to alities and many different walks of life, on e solve: thing stands out. To jointly engage in the armed struggle go where no one else has ever been, to see against the alien, dictat orial regimes op­ and hear and experience things no one else Europeans no longer are sure that the pressing our nations; has ever even dreamed of experiencing, to United States possesses the will to mat ch our To consider the freedom, independence and make your life as full, and rich, and satis­ status as a super power. territorial integrity o! Poland and Slovakia fying, and meaningful as possible. In our bicentennial year, America's tra­ being essential conditions for both nations; These rights and opportunities have not ditional image as the chief defender of world To coordinate resistance operations to pre­ always existed though. Our forefathers drew freedom and stability is growing blurred. vent any sanctuary for enemy forces along up the blueprints of this immense founda­ One reason for this is the weakness of the our common border; tion. Each of our colonial ancestors was, in President. The Hearst Newspapers' conti­ To jointly demand treatment of our com­ a sense, a draftsman. They had endured all nental European correspondent Bernard D. batants under the rules of the Geneva Con­ they could, and saw that the Britisl'l Crown Kaplan and I found the belief firmly planted vention as Armed Forces of National Libera­ was seated on a wavering and inconstant here that Gerald Ford is a prisoner of Con­ tion Movements; footing that would crush their lives and the gress-and, as a result, the first President To increase, through common efforts, the lives of their children should it fall. And since the Second World War without decisive revolutionary self-confidence within each of so they set out to create a new and better authority to intervene in world affairs. our nations; building, one which would not topple at the Of course, this may only prove to be a To further cooperation between our two slightest wind of opposition. They met and t emporary condition, the consequence of nations on behalf of the principle of self.: d_ecided that their necessities to h:uman dig­ having a non-elected President. Nevertheless, determination. of nations .inspired by the nity and self _respect would form the . . . Eu ropeans are worried. This is mainly be- March 2, 1976 I .J • ~X~¥t'f~~~N5c Pf,IDi~ i 5063 cause what they are calling America's MPLA regime in Angola. In disclosing the of respect for the Anglo-Saxon naval tra.dl­ "paralysis" in international affairs coincides decision to us, Sauvagna.rgues explained tion, based on the numerous times in their with the biggest upsurge of Soviet military that it was being done in honor of limiting history that the Brltlsh navy beat them. power since the war. Russian infiuence there, at least in the long They regard us as having fallen heir to this France's Foreign Minister Jean Sauvag­ run, by giving the Angolans the alternative tradition. In their view, it gives the American nargues told ua in an interview that he of looking toward the West. fleet an edge that, in a war, would be im­ regards the "hamstringing" of Ford by Con­ Nobody could fairly accuse Sa.uvagnargues portant. gress as a greater cause for immediate con­ of being anti-American, which is a refresh­ This sounds reassuring. However, only a cern than even the SoViet buildup. As he ing change from some of his recent predeces­ few yea.rs ago our oontrol of the seas was sees it, the American chief executive "can't sors. In fact, in spite of misgivings over accepted as an indisputable fact by every do what he wants to do-which ls a new fact American policy, I felt an atmosphere of European. It was based on confidence that that we in Europe have never before been friendliness toward the United States in of­ we had a long lead over the Russians in the confronted with in the postwar world." ficial French circles that I hadn't encounter­ quantity as well as quality of our ships and The Europeans don't question our power. ed here in 20 years. sea-going missiles. Like other signs of con­ At least, not yet. Sauvagnargues and others I'm told that this 1s the work of Presi­ fidence in America, this one has waned, too. stlll consider the United States the para­ dent Valery Gisca.rd d'Estaing who ordered Britain's control of the sea lanes main­ mount political and military power, al­ French officials to drop their sour attitude, tained world order for nearly the whole of the though beginning to lose its margin of sup­ which had become almost second nature dur­ 19th Century. We found apprehension eriority over the Russians. They still depend ing the Gaullist era, and to start acting like mounting here that America's supremacy on on us. In my view, they may depend on us America's allies again. the oceans may be ending after only a too much. Sauvagnargues has been responsible for generation. Thoughtful Europeans admit that we carrying out this presidential directive on would all be far better off if countries like a day-to-day level and observers here say France, Britain and West Germany displayed that he should be given full marks for suc­ CHICAGO TRIBUNE ENDORSES more self-reliance of a genuinely respon­ ceeding. They also give a great deal of credit PRESIDENT FORD sible kind. That doesn't mean the cheap, easy to our able ambassador, Kenneth Rush. Rush carping at America that normally passes over has been helped by the fact that he and here for demonstrating independence from the foreign minister are old personal the U.S. That sort of thing ls self-indulgence friends-they served together as ambassadors HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL rather than self-reliance. Sadly, it ls what to West Germany-who have a mutual pref­ OF n.LINOIS most of the Europeans have been best at In erence for a soft-spoken approach to prob­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES recent times. lems. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 Thirty years after the war they are still But Sauvagnargues's goodwil! toward Amer­ not willing to take on their fair share in their ica made what he said about its post-Viet­ Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, Sunday's own defense. Even their alarm at the growth nam frame of mind even more ironic. The Chicago Tribune, in an editorial endorse­ of Russian strength hasn't done very much French, like other Europeans, are not happy to make them pitch in more in arms, men ment of President Ford in the upcoming about the impact the loss of the Vietnam Illinois primary, touched on a number and money to the common Western defense war has had on American thinking. Sauvag­ effort. nargues preferred not to be reminded that it of important reasons why the President This is because they cannot kick the habit was the Europeans~s it happens, the is doing a good job, and summed them of looking to America for their protection. It French were the loudest-who persistently all up by saying: is this long-standing tendency that has urged us to get out of Vietnam and let the His way is less dramatic, but more likely heightened fears here about American lead­ Vietnamese settle it alone. The Americans to work; by most economic indicators, in ership. followed their advice, however belatedly, fact, it is working now. On earlier visits I found the Europeans and now the French don't like the conse­ complaining that we Americans were too quences. That is, it seems to me an important slow to trust the Russians. Now it's the other Of course, the most immediate conse­ point which should not be forgotten in way around. They're afraid we are being too quence was Angola. Pretty much from the the midst of this year's campaigning. trusting. start we did there what Europe said we Those who challenge incumbents, for According to Sauvagnargues, too many should have done in Vietnam. That is to say, nomination or election, seldom feel res­ Americans have been putting too much reli­ we did little or nothing to stop the Com­ ervations about blaming their opponent ance on what he regards as a misconceived munists. understanding of U.S.-Soviet detente. He when the economy is turning down. This But it develops that the Europeans are as year, it is the incumbent's turn to cite emphasized that it is "nonsense" to con­ disturbed by America's non-intervention in sider detente in itself to be a policy, or a Africa as they were by its intervention in the statistics. substitute for one. southeast Asia. As Sauvagnargues put it, Inflation and unemployment are "It is not a remedy for everything," he "The United States said too much about down; the economy as a whole is up. told us. "It only means that the Americans Angola and did too little." And Gerald Ford is President. and Russians have agreed that there won't To the French, the new fact demonstrated The article follows: be a nuclear war. It doesn't mean more than by the Communist win in faraway southern [From the Chica.go Tribune, Feb. 29 1976) t hat." Africa is that Russia is now a world power 1 Like a lot of other people we saw, the on exactly the same footing as the United WHY WE ARE FOR MR. FORD French foreign minister thinks that Amer­ States. The contest for the Republican presiden­ ica's current irresolution in foreign policy ts That is, it possesses a capacity to send its tial nomination is between two conservative a product of what happened in Vietnam. forces by air and sea nearly everywhere. At leaders with very similar views on most na­ "It's a very unfortunate situation for a super the time of the Cuban missile crisis it lacked tional issues-infiation, unemployment, power to be in," he said. that capacity. The thought has been occur­ crime and public safety, defense, and the It was particularly striking to hear this ring to some people here that the chief aim need to control spending and reduce the from a senior French official, sitting cool and of Russian policy over the past decade may swollen federal bureaucracy. If the political self-assured in the regal atmosphere of the have been to gain time in which to make philosophies of Gerald Ford and Ronald Rea­ Quai d'Orsa.y, the building that has served good the deficiency. gan were written out in Basic English and as France's foreign ministry for nearly as No one we saw seemed to have a really placed side by side, it would take careful long as America has been a nation. clear notion of what the Russians will be up scrutiny to decide which statement repre­ European leaders get a lot of vicarious au­ to next. The consensus is that Berlin is sented the President and which the former thority from the impressive historical set­ probably safe for an indefinite period, but governor of California. tings in which they operate. One often has not necessarily forever. Soviet intentions in Where Mr. Ford and Mr. Reagan differ t o remember that this does not necessarily the Mediterranean are judged to be am­ markedly is not in philosophy, but in style-­ make what they say any truer or wiser. biguous. The Europeans feel almost anything their approach to national problems and On this occasion, though, Sauvagna.rgues's could happen in Africa. their way of thinking out solutions. And it is Virtually everybody here agrees on one primarily on that basis that we support words were significant because the French, President Ford for nomination over his rival. under the late President Charles De Gaulle, point. Moscow isn't building a two, or maybe His way is less drama.tic, but more likely to were the first In western Europe to urge three, ocean-sized navy and trying to extend work; by most economic indicators, in fact, detente. They pressed ahead with it before its sway around the southern perimeter of it is working now. America. They extolled Franco-Soviet Africa, deep into the Indian Ocean, just for Mr. Reagan's ability to dramatize issues "friendship." Now, they seem to be among the exercise. As was repeatedly emphasized has made him a formlda.ble oaindida.t.e. He is t he first Europeans to recognize the limita­ to us, these are areas where the Russians able to sum up, in an a.necdote or e. vivid tions of detente. have never been before. phrase, worries and disoontents that millions Ka.plan and I were the first newsmen, Sa.uvagna.rgues believes the United States of Americans feel, and to conVince many of French or foreign. to learn that France had "probably,. still has naval superiority over us tha.t these difficulties oa.n be ended only decided to recognize the pro-Communt8' the Russians. The French retaln a great deal by the kof.·nd of bold leadership a.nd sweeping 5064 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March .2 , 1976 plans he offers. In Mr. Reagan's view, more­ We have no quarrel with Mr. Reagan's the 34-plane U.S. AW ACS program will over, leadership of this kind can come only philosophies. But we do not think the nation cost a total of $3.536 billion or $104.1 from those who a1·e "independent of the needs a President who sees problems as both forces that have brought us our problems­ bigger and simpler than they are; who re­ million per plane. The Pentagon does not the Congress, the bureaucracy, the lobbyists, gards them not as difficult situations that have specific data on what savings, if big business, and big labor." It must be a need patient work, but as challenges to a.ny, will occur on the U.S. program. If leader.ship "that is not part of the entrenched dramatic action starring himself. Mr. Ford there are no savings the price tag of each Washington establishment ... that will not may be the less glamorous candidate, but AWACS for NATO will be "one-third off" be fettered by old commitments and old he'd be the better President. the price paid per plane by the U.S. tax­ friendships." payer. These quotations, from a campaign bro­ In addition to any alleged savings from chure entitled "Reason for Reagan" sum up the theme of his campaign: the picture of AWACS PROGRAM a longer production run, the NA TO one courageous man challenging a faceless AWACS per plane cost will be increased army of officialdom. Its appeal cannot be de­ by future inflation and an effort by nied. Neither can the truth of Mr. Reagan's HON. LES ASPIN NATO to coproduce about 25 percent principal charge, that the federal bureaucracy OF WISCONSIN of the AWACS components. Pentagon of­ has grown so bloated and unwieldy that it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ficials say that NATO is willing to accept can accomplish little more than to go on a 10-percent increase in AWACS costs in existing. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 order to coproduce 25 percent of the As a candidate, Mr. Ford clearly suffers by contrast. He does not offer us bold plans or Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, the Penta­ AW ACS components. In any case, it ap­ emergency measures; his policy, in fact, gon has come up with a new political pears that NATO will buy AWACS at seems to consist largely of denying that there ploy to foist its ill-conceived and ex­ bargain-basement prices. is an emergency. cessively expensive AW AC's program Second, the NATO countries will pick He seems preoccupied with the tiresome onto the Congress. On February 27, the up too little of the research costs. The problems rather than the glorious solutions; Pentagon sent to Congress a trumped-up NATO deal calls for the alliance to pay he thinks in terms of confiicting claims to be letter of offer for the sale of 32 AWAC's 9 percent or $88 million as a research re­ balanced, rather than villains to be routed. to NATO at a cost of $2.2 billion. No one imbursement for AWACS. But, the total Mr. Ford's style seems particularly plod­ in the Pentagon expects this letter of ding in an election year. By most rules of research costs of the AW ACS will be political strategy, this is the time for the offer to be accepted in its current form. $1.379 billion or 39 percent of the total President to do something dramatic and It will take many months and possibly program cost. Hence, the United States visible-something that will please large even years to negotiate a deal which may will pay $1.291 billion for research and numbers of voters before the November elec­ never be consummated. the alliance only $88 million. If NATO tions, regardless of what happens afterwards. Why then was the letter of offer is­ wishes to purchase AW ACS and believes Mr. Ford keeps missing his cha.nee. He talks sued now in its current form? The Air that it is important for their security the as if the economy will heal itself with a Force hopes that the proposed sale of 32 principal party in both production and minimum of interference from Washington. aircraft will stymie opposition in Con­ And, perhaps by coincidence, that is just research costs should be established. what is happening. Production is increasing, gress to this year's proposal to purchase The third problem with the so-called unemployment is edging do,wn ward, and 6 AWAC's at a cost of $474.7 million. In NATO purchase of 32 AWACS is that the living costs are leveling off. addition, the Air Force is seeking $109.6 number of planes to be purchased is Like Mr. Reagan, the President does not million in research funds for AW AC's or phony. The United States expects to be trust federal machinery to work wonders. a total request of $584.3 million for fiscal responsible for the purchase of approxi­ Unlike him, Mr. Ford evidently thinks its year 1977. mately 25 percent or 8 of the AW ACS existence is a fact, and that it can't be Normally, the Pentagon issues a letter planes. Thus, the real NATO purchase drastically redesigned without disruption. of offer as a formality after the main will be approximately 24 aircraft. The The point is illustrated by Mr. Reagan's elements of an arms sales have already much-disputed plan for transferring federal U.S. buy of 34 AWACS apparently will programs and revenue sources to the states. been negotiated. Checks with Pentagon not be increased as a result of any NATO This plan has been progressively scaled officials by my staff indicate that nego­ ·purchase. down since last September, when Mr. Reagan tiations have barely begun on this proj­ This proposed deal for the sale of unveiled his dramatic program to cut federal ect. Furthermore, the Pentagon principal AWACS needs much closer examination. spending "by as much as $90 billion." It has argument for this kind of arms sales I am asking Air Force Secretary Reed to now lost its specific dollar amount and has have always been that the increased pro­ provide additional information on the become a list of programs that "should be duction runs through foreign sales will sale immediately. Unfortunately, under carefully considered" for transfer to the reduce the cost per aircraft. However, a states, the likeliest being welfare, education, the current law we have only 20 days housing, food stamps, Medicaid, community check by my staff with Pentagon offi­ to consider the sale. The letter to Secre­ and regional development, and revenue shar­ cials reveals that, while the Air Force tary Reed follows: ing. Mr. Reagan tends to get testy when claims that the costs will be cut, they CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, questioned on details of his plan. have no idea what the reduced costs will Washington, D.C., March 2, 1976. Mr. Ford's reaction from the first was that actually be. A check with Boeing also dis­ Mr. THOMAS C. REED, this sweeping approach did not solve prob­ closed that they have not calculated a Secretary of the Air Force, Department of the lems so much as transfer them from federal firm dollar savings. A Boeing spokesman Air Force, The Pentagon, Washington, department heads to governors-a view that D.C. seems to be shared by most governors. did say that as the production sum is DEAR SECRETARY REED: I am writing to­ The point is not so much the value of this increased there is a so-called "learning day concerning a letter of offer that was plan as the contrast in approach. Mr. Reagan curve" which reduces the price of each submitted on Feb. 27th for a proposed $2.2 starts with a spectacular program and finds additional unit. billion sale of 32 AWACS aircraft to NATO. out about the drawbacks later; Mr. Ford The incomplete information available I hope that you could clarify the impact begins with the cautious awareness that from the Air Force and early stages of of the proposed sale on the U.S. AWACS pro­ ideas, no matter how attractive, must be the negotiation all indicate that this let­ gram and raise several questions concerning balanced against given facts-that nothing this sale. is quite as simple as it looks at first. And ter of offer was thrown together in great First, the latest selected aquisition report in that, we think Mr. Ford is right. Spec­ haste in an effort to defuse any congres­ for the AWACS program indicates that the tacular plans for taking power away from sional opposition to AW AC's. per copy cost of each of the 34 aircraft will Washington-much as we agree with the pur­ Not only is this letter of offer a be $104.1 million. The letter of offer indicates pose-are likely to prove just as unrealistic "quickie" deal, but the proposal itself is that 32 of the A WA C's aircraft will be sold as spectacular promises involving new fed­ a poor one ,from the American taxpayers' to NATO for $68.75 million. It would appear eral programs. viewpoint. that the NATO countries will purchase the Mr. Reagan was an effective two-term gov­ First, the price tag for the NATO AWACs aircraft for approximately % less ernor, and can rightly take pride in his rec­ AWACS appears too low. The purchase than the U.S. taxpayer. ord. The consensus in California, however, is I hope that you could provide me with a that he became effective only after he learned of 32 AWACS for $2.2 billion results in complete explanation of why this huge dis­ to adapt his philosophies to the facts of a per plane cost of $68. 75 million. Ac­ crepancy exists between the cost to the U.S. politics. That is a lesson he now appears cording to the latest system aquisition and to NATO. It is my understanding that to have learned. report-SAR-submitted to Congress the AWACs program for NATO is costed in lVlarch 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 'I 5065 1975 dollars and there wm be some addl· CHD..DREN'S RIGHTS Olympic officials to think about. Dr. tional inflation. If there will be additional Broadcast: February 9, 1976, 5:51, 9:43, inflation, how much will it be? It has always Novich is not only a very fair person, 11:51AM, 1:51, 3:51, 7:51PM, February 10, but sincere, so I'm sure that the main been the contention of the Department of 197~, 1 :51AM Defense th.at increased production runs reason he wrote the article was because should lower the per unit cost. Inquiries by "When, in the course of human events, it it is true and also with the hope that my staff indicate that the Air Force has not becomes necessary for one portion of the remedial action will be taken by U.S. calculated how much, 1! any, cost savings family of man to seek the respect and pro­ tection of the rest.•. " Thus begins the draft Olympic officials. there will be on the per unit cost of AWACs. I hereby insert the article by Dr. No­ I hope that you could provide me with a spe· of Judianne Densen-Gerber's 'Declaration of cific estimate as soon as possible. Independence for America's Children.' vich, entitled, "U.S. Olympians at Dis· In addition, it is my understanding that Doctor Densen-Gerber-best known to New advantage": the price of AW ACs may be increased by ap­ Yorkers for her work in drug rehabilitation [From the News Tribune Weekend, Wood­ proximately 25 % co-production of compo­ as the founder of Odyssey House-ls now bridge, N.J., Nov. 7, 1975] turning her energies toward what she calls nents to the AWACs and that the NATO U.S. OLYMPIANS AT DISADVANTAGE "the most serious children's disease in our countries are willing to accept the 10% in· (By Dr. Max Novich) crease in costs. Is this c01Tect? Nation's history"-parental abuse and ne­ In short, I am interested in a complete cal­ glect. Mexico City hasn't changed much since culation of t he actual cost of AWACs per unit America is killing 200,000 of its children my last visit here for the 1968 Olympics. It if the letter of offer is signed for the United. every year, she says, and maiming-physi­ is still a very elegant city with the same hor­ States and NATO. cally or emotionally-millions more. Dr. Den­ rendous traffic jams, noise and clatter unlike It is also my understanding that there is a se~-Gerber and her volunteers are seeking a anything I have ever seen in New York, Lon­ dramatic discrepancy between the R&D cost million signatures on their Declaration don or Tokyo. of AWACs and the R&D charge assessed on which they plan to present to the Presiden­ Facilities at the Pan American Village were the NATO sale. Four percent or $88 million tial candidates this Summer. Their hope is a tremendous improvement over the stable· of the $2.2 billion sales is a reimbursement to have America's children declared as "our like conditions of the Pan American Village for R&D costs. But, R&D costs of AWACs greatest national resource and first priority" of the 1971 Games in Cali, Colombia. total nearly $1.4 billion. It is evident that with "a cabinet post at all levels of govern­ The opening games ceremony was indeed the NATO sales offer does not include a fair ~ent to insure all children the right to life, the best I have ever seen in the nine inter· share of the research costs for the size of the liberty and the pursuit of happiness." national games that I have attended. It will purchase. I hope that you could provide me Doctor Densen-Gerber admits that much be a hard act for the Russians to follow in with a Department of the Air Force's ra­ of her effort is symbolic... Moscow in 1980. tionale for this inequitable distribution of DENSEN-GERBER: "If we get a basic atti­ The Cubans, perhaps surprisingly to some, research cost. tudinal change, if we start to care, if you and have become a formidabble foe to reckon with. Even after the first several days of the The Foreign Military Sales Act requires I see a mother beating her child in a grocery store, we will feel, 'I am a citizen concerned Games, this little country was gathering up that a foreign government "pay the full medals in sports that were never considered amount of such contracts which will assure about children, I will go over and do some­ thing to protect that child.' And if I get in their domain. the United States government against any 4,000,000 people to do that, those 4,000,000 The Cubans were trained superbly and were loss in the contract." The proposed. sale of people will protect the 4,000,000 that are in brought up to tiptop condition by their com­ AWACs at a considerably lower price to bined Cuban-Russian trainers, aided by the NATO than its cost to the U.S. raises a legal danger." WCBS support s Doctor Densen-Gerber's medical and athletic know-how and backup question about the propriety of the sale. I of their sports doctors. hope that your general counsel could examine mission. In fact, this station's third week­ long "A Life To Share" seminar series is now Also helpful is the fact that the Latin­ these questions and render an opinion at his underway in Brooklyn. It's free, everyone is American countries dominate the referee and earliest convenience on the legality of the judges section. Although there is a great deal proposed sale in view of the requirements in welcome. It's simply an offering of practical, expert guidance in better parenting... of conviviality among the various judges and section 22 of the Foreign Military Sales Act. referees, when the chips are down, the anti· Thank you very much for your cooperation DENSEN-GERBER: "I believe that there should be a course in parenting starting as American attitude reveals itself. 1n this matter. I met Jack Kelly, a member of the U.S. Sincerely, early as the first grade. The most difficult of human tasks is to be a good parent. It's about Olympic Committee and to his credit he has LES AsPIN, the only one we don't even license for. we been trying to get a change in the meaning Member of Congr ess. nee.d a license to be a barber, to be a mani­ and understanding of the word "amateur." curist, to fish, to hunt, to marry-you don't If we are to continue in these international need a license to have a child. It's not easy." games we better soon change the meaning of Not easy, but crucial-the freedom of the word ameteur notwithstanding the Cur· America's last slaves, its children. mudgeon amateurism of the late Avery ODYSSEY INSTITUTE CHILD ABUSE That's our view. We welcomes yom·s. Write: Brundage. CAMPAIGN WCBS Radio, New York, 10019. We are at a decided disadvantage if we continue as we are. Canada has socialized its sports. Yet we continue to adhere to the let­ HON. PETER A. PEYSER ter of the law about amateurism while the rest of the world does otherwise. OF NEW YORK U.S. OLYMPIANS AT DISADVANTAGE Although it has become obvious to de­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SAYS DR. MAX NOVICH votees of sports that U.S. dominance has Tuesday, March 2. 1976 been slipping in many areas, these Pan American Games will show it even more Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, Odyssey HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN clearly. Unless we get to work and start Institute, headed by Dr. Judianne Den­ OF NEW JERSEY funding our athletes at the grassroots level, sen-Gerber, has launched a national IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES we will become a force not to reckon with any more when it comes to sports. awareness campaign to combat child Tuesday, March 2, 1976 abuse. As a coauthor of the Child Abuse I believe the dedicated coaches and su­ Prevention and Treatment Act, I believe Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, one of my pervisory athletic personnel of the AAU has very talented constituents, Dr. Max No­ done a magnlficient job at the grass roots that every effort must be made to pro­ level. However, they are limited because the tect our Nation's children from this ter­ vich, is a prominent Perth Amboy, N.J. AAU is a notoriously poor outfit. They don't rible disease. Moreover, I believe that it orthopedic specialist, and chief of staff get the number nor the amounts of the con­ is imperative that oversight hearings on of the United Hospitals Orthopedic Cen­ tributions that flow into the coffers of the the Child Abuse Act are held as soon as ter in Newark. He has been an amateur U.S. Olympic Committee. The word "Olym­ practically possible, as there is every boxing official, coach and physician, and pic" has a charismatic effect on Americans. indication that child abuse and Neglect accompanied the U.S. team to the Pan I notice that in every inte1·national Games are on the rise, and that more effective American Games in Mexico City last that I have ever attended members of the programs must be developed to meet this year. U.S. Olympic Committee hierarchy usually critical problem. Dr. Novich wrote a very interesting can be found staying at the best hotels in the host city. If these accommodations a1·e Recently, WCBS radio endorsed the article in the News Tribune, of Wood­ being paid for by the Organizing committee efforts of Dr. Densen-Gerber and the bridge, N.J., charging that the U.S. of the Pan American Games, I can under­ Odyssey Institute in an editorial that I Olympians are at a disadvantage. I be­ stand the Mexican officials desire to show am enclosing for the attention of my lieve that his criticism is not only con· great cordiality and hospitality for their for· colleagues. structive. but somethintz for American eign .c:uests. If these accommodations are be· 5066! ' EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March ·2, 1976 ing paid personally by the members of the of what I think is going on beyond the Pentagon Papers had compromised national U.S. Olympic Committee hierarchy, they are peripheral matters. security. certainly ent itled to any tastes they can It is remarkable how much the national The ans~r then was the White House afford. climate about secrets has changed in the Plumbers. The answer now seems to be pres­ However, if our Olympic contributions are past few months. In the early post-Water­ sure against Congress, and particularly being used for this high style of living I ob­ gate period, Americans demanded to know against the Press. And, as a further election­ ject because it means taking considerable what other secret abuses of power had taken year future, against Congress to mount its money away from the growth and develop­ place. Disclosure turned into an imperative, own campaign against the press. ment of our athletic potential for which the overshadowing secrecy. "National interest" So, what happened to me? I got hit by a public has been contributing. had lost some of its luster after being dragged swinging pendulum. There has now developed a U.S. Olympic into Watergate. And "national security" had In October, 1974, I was assigned to start Committee aristocracy which should be become tarnished by its employment as a investigating intelligence agencies. In Feb­ looked into by a full time investigative re­ reason to block the investigation of a break­ ruary, 1976, they seem to be back investi­ porter. A great deal of this money might bet­ in, or to continue wiretapping someone who gating me. ter be used to develop our athletes rather had left Government employ months before. In October 1974, the nation seemed to want than t he expensive tast es of our administra­ In the post-Watergate era, leaks became exposure of intelligence scandals. In Feb­ tors. routine, and secrets were hard to keep. Who ruary, 1976, the biggest scandal is being made could accept the standards for secrecy if to appne of those sug­ Both the House and the Senate have seen agency decision on all citizens •• !' There is gestions can be found in any of the proposed the need for a Consumer Protection Agency no requirement that agency heads considers consumer representation plans. and have passed legislation calling for its the impacts and benefits nor is there any A series of conferences was held in major establishment. If this agency were mobilized guarantee that this consideration will be cities by the White House to publicize the today, it might very well be busy informing utilized in the formation of a final decision. plans and allow for comments. These con­ consumers of the deceptive and misleading This vagueness continues throughout the ferences were designed so as to avoid ant packaging and labeling of the Ford Admin­ plan. One provision, for instance, calls for real confrontation with consumers. Any sig~ istration's latest offering to the public: the certain procedures to be applied "sufficiently nificant comment was ignored. Proposed Consumer Representation Plans for far in advance of proposed action to permit The proposed consumer representation federal agencies. adequate time for consideration and response plan for the USDA has proven itself to be an The proposed plan for the USDA is only by the consumer, except for emergencies re­ unfortunate waste of taxpayers' money and one more in a long line of empty and mean­ quiring prompt action." Who decides how the government's time. The President's at­ ingless proposals that consumers have been far is "sufficiently far in advance"? How tempt to disguise this hollow scheme as a subjected to by the President. The plan car­ much time is ".adequate time"? What quali­ meaningful plan has failed, as consumer ries a deceptive proconsumer label. Obvious­ fies as an "emergency situation"? groups and the public recognize this plan ly, President Ford hopes to use this plan as Any document that is so indefinite cannot will only insure that agribusiness and the camouflage on the day he vetoes the bill for possibly be considered forceful. How effec­ Ford Administration continue to benefit at a Consumer Protection Agency. tive would our Bill of Rights be i! it said the expense of the consuming public and The plans are a totally unacceptable sub­ "Congress is urged to make no law abridging family farmer. . stitute for a Consumer Agency. They are a the right of freedom of speech ..."or "The A National Food Policy for America cannot feeble attempt to cloak the USDA in pro­ accused should enjoy the right to be in­ be implemented without real consumer in­ consumer garb while the Department con­ formed of the nature and cause of the ac­ volvement. Toothless suggestions are no sub­ tinues to carry out the every wish of Earl tion, except in emergency situation.'' stitute for a much needed consumer bill of Butz and his agribusiness friends, un­ The plans have been strongly and consist­ rights. When Secretary Butz finally begins encumbered by any legitimate consumer ad­ ently condemned by leaders of national con­ to realize this, perhaps then we can begin vocate. sumer groups, who have charged the Presi­ to work together to forge this new national In these times, when citizens nationwide dent with cynical "contempt for consumers.'' policy. are suffering from the skyrocketing price of A list of their major objections follows: food, the public must be allowed a fair share 1. There are no proposed plans for inde­ of input in deciding our country's food pol­ pendent regulatory agencies, even though FALSE ALARM icy. We need a plan that will demand equal their activities have an undeniable effect on consumer representation in policy-making consumers. decisions. The President's plan will not do 2. Although the USDA ls the most decen­ HON. ED JONES this. Instead, the consumer will be forced to tralized department in the federal govern­ OF TENNESSEE continue to stand aside helplessly while the ment, this proposal makes no plans for any Department reduces food stamp benefits, consumer affairs unit outside of the Wash­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES raises the price of milk and deals with the ington area. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 Russians secretly to sell wheat. 3. The plans include no legal rights for In this bicentennial year, when the Presi­ consumers. They are mere suggestions. There Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, dent himself has called for limits on big 1s no standing to sue for taxpayers, no power I am sure that all of the Members of this government and a return of authority to the to subpoena information. If we can make body have been exposed to huge volumes people, we need a plan that will require con­ the assumption these plans will become 'l'eg­ of mail in their offices regarding the in­ sumer participation in agency decisions and ulations, there is still no means for a citizen accurate information being disseminated assure legal rights to consumers. President to see that they are enforced. Carol Foreman Ford's plan will not do this. Instead, an un­ of the Consumer Federation of America on H.R. 2966, the Child and Family elected President and an unelected executive notes: Services Act. department have chosen to ignore the voice "None of the plans require that the agency Certainly, my own office has been de­ of Congress and consumer advocates. The in question give consideration to the views luged with a tremendous amount of mail public is being asked to settle for plans of the consumer representative. None of the based completely on the anonymous and that are only an administrat or·s idea of con­ plans require that the individual or office totally inaccurate description of the bill. sumer needs. responsible for consumer representation I do not mean to try to defend this bill, The USDA's plans are detailed for only within the agency be informed of action that but I would like to hear my constituents two of the 21 agricultural agencies, the is likely to substantially affect the interests APHIS and the Forest Service. The plans for of the consumer. None of the plans allow for views on all pieces of legislation that this the other 19, which I requested from the the responsible individual to appeal adverse body considers based on the true contents Secretary, are so unsubstantial and indefi­ decisions in the courts." of each bill. nite as to be totally unworthy of considera­ 4. There is no mention of the cost of the The smear campaign that surrounded tion. plan, although huge expenditures can be H.R. 2966 is most unfortunate but it is The summary of the plan for the Depart­ expected. Mrs. Virginia Knauer, the Presi­ encouraging to see our friends in the ment declares that it is designed to insure dent's consumer affairs advisor, has stated press attempting to correct the inac­ that each "agency proceeds in an organized the plans will not cost any additional money. curate information being put out on this and systematic manner to meet the con­ However, the APHIS plan for the USDA states sumer's desire to be better informed about that a budget increase will be necessary to bill. and more involved in the agency's decislon­ cover the cost. Seeing that the President has Recently, I had the opportunity to read making process.'' The Department seems to proposed extensive budget cuts, it is quite such an effort in U.S. News & World Re­ be most concerned with status, visibility and possible that even these most inadequate port. I would like to take this opportunity public relations rather than with actual, plans will never be implemented. to insert this piece, authored by Howard meaningful consumer participation. The 5. Again, it is the vagueness of the plans Fliegler, into the RECORD: Consumer Affairs Unit, the Committee for that destroy any possible impact they might FALSE ALARM Consumer Responsiveness, the Consumer Ad­ have. Only a brief examination is necessary visory Committee and the full-time Con­ to realize that many statements are virtually (By Howard Flieger) sumer Representative all perform mere ad­ meaningless. For instance, "Relevant depart­ Every now and then a reader writes us in visory functions. There is no specifically as­ ment decision making will be open to effec­ words of terror to warn that a Marxist plot is signed authority for any of these groups. tive expression of informed consumer view­ afoot in Congress to "nationalize" our chil­ The Committee on Consumer Responsive­ point.'' Who determines what is relevant? dren-take them away from the protection ness is to be c.haired by the Assistant Secre­ Who determines what is effective expression? or control of their parents and destroy the tary for Marketing and Consumer Services And what qualifies as an informed consumer American family, utterly and forever. and composed of the Administrators of 11 viewpoint? The volume of mail received here is not a different agricultural agencies. There is no Finally, the real intent of these plans can patch on the sacks of it that have been provision for a member with any expert be questioned when one recognizes the con­ hitting some congressional offices. training or knowledge of consumer affairs. tempt and general disregard for real con­ The writers are alarmed over what they've The administrators, who the public has sumer interests that the Administration has been informed is an insidious scheme to give viewed for years as representatives of farmers demonstrated. In April of 1975, consumer youngsters the legal right to disobey their and industrymen, may not be able to objec­ representatives were invited to a meeting parents, and thus become pawns of Govern­ tively represent consumer viewpoints, while with Mrs. Knauer. All the representatives ment-an all-powerful Big Brothers to mold at the same time working to promote the endorsed a paper, drafted by Ralph Nader's their training, conduct and beliefs. best interests of the agencies they represent. Pul:>lic Citizen, which contained over 40 sug- It 1s strange because there isn't a word o:t: 5070 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976 truth in it. No such legislation is before this clean and infinitely renewable; no other search institute within ERDA than was ac­ Congress, or ever has been. energy technology, save possibly some ceptable to the White House. The specific bill that has so many people In essence, Mr. Teem said his proposals disturbed is "The Child and Family Services future version of nuclear fusion, can would have resulted in more government Act of 1975." Its authors are Senator Walter claim these advantages. stimulation of the private sector for com­ Mondale (Dem.), of Minnesota, and Rep. The Ford admiriistration does not dis­ mercialization of solar energy than the White John Brademas (Dem.), of Indi'ana. It is "S. agree, publicly, with the need to develop House and the budget office wanted. 626" in the Senate, "H.R. 2966" in the House. solar energy. Unfortunately, the proposed President Ford's budget request for solar Read it before you panic. ERDA budget for fiscal year 1977 gives research and development programs in ERDA In its present form, the legislation is both low priority to solar energy. To make for fiscal 1977, starting Oct. 1, asked for a innocent and impotent: innocent because it congressional authorization of $160 million, would do none of the things attributed to it; matters worse, solar funds for fiscal year with projected outlays during the year of impotent because it isn't going anywhere. 1977 were cut well below the level recom­ $116 million. Mr. Teem said that the ERDA Briefly stated, the proposal is to make fed­ mended by the head of ERDA's own solar has requested the budget office to ask for eral funds available to help States and com­ program, John Teems; in fact, contrary $255 million in budget authority and $201.6 munities provide certain public services for to the administration's news release, it million in outlays. In the current fiscal year, children and their families. was in protest against these cuts in the the ERDA has a budget authority for solar These would include such things as pre­ solar budget that Mr. Teems resigned programs of $115 million and estimated out­ nats.l care, food where needed, part or full­ from ERDA. lays of $86 million. By contrast, the ERDA's time day care for children of working requested budget outlays for nuclear pro­ mothers, tutoring at home where deemed I believe that we in Congress should grams for fiscal 1977 total $1.7 billion. useful, medical examination and treatment take serious note of Mr. Teems' resigna­ Mr. Teems said that solar work in heating for certain handicapped children, and train­ tion, and that we would do well to make and cooling of buildings and in agricultural ing for parents aTI.d about-to-be-parents. it the occasion for blowing the whistle and industrial processes ls scientifically ad­ There is nothing compulsory about the on the administration's misplaced energy vanced enough so that demonstration pro­ legislation now before the Congress. Even if priorities. In a year when the administra­ grams "could proceed at a more rapid pace" the bill were enacted, anyone who felt like tion proposes to spend $1.7 billion on than the budget request outlines. Mr. Teem it could ignore each and all of its provisions. says that those programs show the most Nothing in it says-or implies-that highly controversial fission technology, short-term promise for solar-energy use and youngsters have a legal right to disobey their there is no excuse whatever for stunt­ that "even within a constrained budget" they parents or guardians. ing the development of our only non­ could have been given more priority. Nowhere does it forbid parental guidance, controversial energy source. PROGRAMS CRITICIZED advice or preference in religious training. The The following article, which appeared Congress' Office of Technology Assess­ subject isn't mentioned. in the Wall Street Journal on Febru­ ment similarly criticized the ERDA's solar In fact, it says in specific words: ary 26, details the circumstances behind programs in a report last October, saying too "Nothing in this act shall be construed Mr. Teems' resignation from ERDA: much emphasis was being put on long-term, or applied in such manner as to infringe space-age type solar research programs at the upon or usurp the moral and legal rights SOLAR-ENERGY PLANNING Is BEING SLIGHTED BY FORD, FORMER CHIEF OF PROGRAM expense of areas that can become practical and responsibilities of parents." SAYS sooner. So why all the excitement? It is puzzling Mr. Teem said that there is the view at to Senator Mondale, one of the chief spon­ (By Les Gapay) WASHINGTON.-The Ford administration the budget office and the White House that sors, who says the measure "is being sub­ because of advances in solar technology, "the jected to one of the most distorted and isn't giving solar-energy development the priority it deserves, charged the recently private sector is in a position to undertake dishonest attacks I have witnessed in my more programs now" without government 15 years of public service." resigned head of the government's solar program. stimulus. There is another practical thing to keep A solar research institute within the ERDA in mind about The Child and Family Service The official, John M. Teem, former assistant administrator for solar, geothermal and ad­ was authorized by a 1974 law to do technical Act: It would cost a lot of money. Estimates and analytical work to support the agency's are that an initial annual expense of 150 vanced energy systems at the Energy Re­ search and Development Administration, said solar-energy programs. The National A<::ad­ million dollars would grow to almost 2 billion emy of Sciences had recommended to the by the third year of operation. in an interview that he had significant dif­ ferences with the White House on the ex­ ERDA that the institute be given a wide re­ This present Congress is in no mood to add search role, a staff of about 1,500 and an an­ such a burden on taxpayers who already are tent and speed with which the government should develop solar energy. nual budget of about $50 million. ERDA making angry noises about waste and the sources said that a compromise had been high cost of Government. Since this is elec­ Mr. Teem said that President Ford's budg­ et request to Congress last month for solar reached with the budget office on the size tion year, the measure probably has less and scope of the institute, which won't be chance now than a year ago, when it was programs was far less than the ERDA wanted, and that he also disagreed with the scope on the scale envisioned by the NAS. The introduced-and that means practically none. sources said the institute will first only do Also, remember the President is demand­ and pace assigned by the White House to some of the agency's key solar programs. studies, and that its actual laboratory re­ ing that Congress do more to hold the line search role will remain undefined for the on spending. It is a keystone of his campaign "PERSONAL REASONS" first few years of operation. to be against this bill, and any like it. The White House on Jan. 30 routinely an­ So everybody can stand at ease. The nounced Mr. Teem's resignation for "personal bill doesn't provide all those wild reasons," and the disagreements on solar things the letter-writers fear. It has no policy weren't dis-closed. realistic chance of adoption. And even should IN MEMORIAM TO DR. WILLIAM it overcome its rating as one of the longest Mr. Teem said in the interview his resig­ MISSONELLIE OF HAWTHORNE, shots in history and somehow be enacted nation wasn't directly because of the dis­ agreements, and that he had several reasons. N.J., OUTSTANDING PHYSICIAN, by Congress, it would be vetoed almost the He added, however, that he differed with of­ CIVIC LEADER AND GREAT AMER­ minute it reached the White House. ficials in the White House and the Office of ICAN 1906-76 The furore is a false alarm. Forget it. Management and Budget. "My sense of job satisfaction decreased in view of the detailed management viewpoints being brought into HON. ROBERT A. ROE the solar programs by OMB," he said. The OF NEW JERSEY CHEATING SOLAR ENERGY management office's heavy involvement in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES solar energy policy decisions "affected the timing of my resignation," Mr. Teem added. Tuesday, March 2, 1976 HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM Mr. Teem said he favored accelerating Mr. ROE. Mr. Speaker, the residents of OF NEW YORK ERDA programs to demonstrate solar energy in the heating and cooling of buildings; in Hawthorne, my congressional district, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agricultural areas, such as crop drying, and State of New Jersey mourn the passing Tuesday, March 2, 1976 in various industrial processes. of one of our Nation's finest physicians, He also said he was unsuccessful in efforts le~der of our community, anci' good per­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I am cer­ to increase the ERDA's role in disseminat­ sonal friend, Dr. William Missionellie, tain that the one aspect of our difficult ing information on solar technology to in­ who went to his eternal rest on February energy problems on which there is near dustry and the public to speed "bringing 7, 1976. I know that you and our col­ unanimous agreement is the need to de­ solar to· the ·marketplace." Also, Mr. Teem leagues here in the Congress will want to velop and commercialize solar energy as said he favored a wider role for, and faster join ·with me in extending our most sin­ quickly as possible. Solar energy is both organization of, a planned solar-energy re- cere condolences to· his wife, the former March 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Barbara Mooney; his sons, William, Jef­ day night. Commissioner Arthur Brokaw re­ Another area of interest was his involve­ frey, Gregory, and Francis, of Haw­ viewed his contributions to the borough and ment in The Hawthorne Press, which has stated "He was known and loved by many." been in the Missionellie family since 1935- thorne; daughters, Mrs. Thomas (Bar­ The flag at borough hall has flown at half 40 out of its more than 50 yea.rs of existence. bara) Krainovich, of New York City, and mast as a sign to respect for Hawhorne's first Though his brothers ran the paper, he took Mrs. Michael (Kathleen) Daskalakis, of doctor and an honor guard consisting of one over the task of publication when both of Eatontown, N.J.; two brothers, Salvatore policeman and one fireman was stationed them were in the service. The doctor's wife and John, of Hawthorne; his sister, Mrs. at either side of the casket durin5 viewing Barbara is currently the publisher of The Frank (Mary) Fiorina, of Haledon, N.J.; hours at the funeral home. Hawthorne Press and his son, William is the and grandchildren Barbara and William Sunday evening Fire Chief James Aldi, Jr., editor. Missonellie and Nadia Krainovich. led a contingent of uniformed firemen in a Besides his wife, the former Barbara memorial service at the funeral home. Mooney, survivors include four sons, William, Dr. Missonellie was a great American Mayor Louis Bay, 2nd, called the death of Jeffrey, Gregory and Francis of Hawthorne; and healer of the sick, filled with the Dr. Missonellie "a great loss for the bor­ two daughters, Mrs. Thomas (Barbara) greatest compassion and dedication to ough. He wa.s a doctor who ministered to Krainovich of New York City and Mrs. the good of his fellowman. With your many, many people-whether or not they Michael (Kathleen) Daskalakis of Eaton­ permission I would like to insert at this could afford to pay." town; two brothers, Salvatore and John of point in our historical journal of Con­ "He was a family doctor in the true sense Hawthorne; one sister, Mrs. Frank (Mary) gress the following memoriam that ap­ of that term-a man dedicated to helping Florina of Haled.on and three grandchildren, others, a person of deep compassion. Barbara and William Missionellie and Nadia. peared in the February 12 issue of one "Personally, I have lost a very dear friend. Krainovich. of New Jersey's most prestigious weekly He was a man of humble background who Memorials for Dr. William Missionellie newspapers, the Hawthorne Press, which pulled himself up from his bootstraps and have been designated at the Little Sisters of most eloquently eulogizes the qual­ became a respected member of the commu­ the Poor, 70 Dey Street, Paterson and in the ity of his leadership, the richness of his nity. library at Loyola College, c/o Father Daniel wisdom, his sincerity of purpose and "In this age, those who have not endured McGuire, S.J., Evergreen, Baltimore, Mary­ scope of his achievements which have the hardships of what this country went land 21210. truly enriched our community, State, and through cannot understand the bond that is exists between us. Mr. Speaker, it my privilege and Nation. The excerpt from the Haw­ "We grew up together in hard times and ex­ honor to seek this national recognition thorne Press is as follows: perienced this part of life together. No one of Dr. Missionellie's lifetime of good IN MEMORIAM has enough money to rip apart a bond such works. He was truly a great American Dr. William Missonellie, the first doctor as this. and good friend to all who had the good born in Hawthorne to set up practice here, "He delivered my daughter, Barbara, who fortune to know him. I know I will never died Saturday, February 7 at home. The doc­ was named after the doctor's wife. I even forget the warmth of his friendship to tor resided at 404 Lafayette Avenue and had remember how his mother would come to my me and trust that his wife Barbara and his omces at 400 Lafayette Avenue for more uncle with money in cash, so he could send all of his family will soon find abiding than 40 years, retiring in 1974. He was 70 "Bucky" a check while he was in medical years old. school. comfort in the faith that God has given HIS BACKGROUND "He was just a great guy," the mayor con­ them and in the knowledge that Dr. He received his early education in what cluded. William Missionellie is now under His are now Franklin and Washington Schools Many dignitaries visited the funeral home eternal care. Our Nation does indeed and the former Paterson Central High School. to pay their last respects to the doctor, salute him. He made a di:f!erence in the He earned his B.S. degree at the University among them Rep. Robert Roe, U.S. Congress­ quality of health care and way of life for of Maryland and completed studies for his man from this district and State Assembly­ man William Bate. many, many of our people. May he rest M.D. at George Washington University, Wash­ Hundreds of patients filed in during visit­ in peace. ington, D.C. in 1929. He completed his in­ ing hours, many broke down in tears for their ternship at St. Joseph's Hospital, Paterson in "Doc". The memories were just as numerous. 1930 and immediately began practici:i;ig in Though the stories varied from person to CONSTITUENT SERVICE FUND Hawthorne. person, each expressed a common theme of Dr. Missonellie was a general practitioner appreciation. who served as school physician, and Haw­ PATmNTS RECALL HIS COMPASSION HON. RONALD A. SARASIN thorne pollce and fire physician for many OF CONNECTICUT years. He was a member of the Board of AND DEDICATION Health and the police pension board, until One man told how the doctor treated an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that commissioner post was incorporated infection in his hand and would talt.e no Tuesday, March 2, 1976 with the state board. fee because he had served in the armed During World War II, he served in the office forces. "You did a job for your country. Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, at regular of Price Administration (OPA) and received This is the least I can do for you," the for­ intervals over the past 2 years I have citations from President Franklin D. Roose­ mer patient recalls being told. Another man reported to my colleagues in the House velt a.nd President Harry Truman for his told how the doctor came to his home 1n and to my constituents an accounting of work in this field. another town to deliver his daughter. "When the receipts and expenditures of a con­ On the county level, he was appointed ro it turned out that my wife wasn't really ready to deliver, he slept in the room with stituent service fund maintained to help the Board of Managers of Preakness Hospital, underwrite the high cost of maintaining a Passaic County facility. He served 18 years her all night, until it was time." on this board and was president for three A mother of 10 came in and related that the kind of communications and services terms, 1959-60, 1965-66 and 1969-70. he delivered every one of her children and I feel the residents of my Fifth Dist::ict He was a member of the following medical told how she was 1n his office nearly every deserve. associations: the Aerospace Medical Associa­ week seeking treatment for childhood in· The initial repart in January 1974 dis­ tion, the Industrial Medical Association, the juries or mnesses. closed my intention to establish such a American Public Health Association, the Another patient said "The doc was a real fund and included a lengthy opinion American Geriatrics Society, the Association friend. He helped me with more than medical from the Internal Revenue Service which of American Physicans and Surgeons, the problems. He listened and gave advice when New Jersey Hospital Association and the I had personal problems." I solicited to make sure the fund met Passaic County, New Jersey and Americau A nephew of his remembers driving the every legal and ethical requirement. This Medical Associations. doctor on house calls in Hawthorne from ms opinion covered every aspect of the The funeral service for the doctor was held early in the morning until nearly midnight plan, including contributions, the type Tuesday at 9: 30 a.m. from the Browning day after day. Other patients recall the of expenditures to be covered, and tax Forshay Funeral Home, 557 Lafayette Aveuue crowd often present in his waiting room. In addition to his medical career, Dr. aspects of the fund. with a Mass of the Resurrection at St. Missonellie had diversified interests, one of The constituent service fund was Anthony's R.C. Church. Father Daniel Mc­ established in compliance with the IRS Guire, 8.J., a personal friend of the doctor which was raising Scotties. He kept a kennel in the backyard in the days before zoning guidelines and has been of tremendous from Loyola College, Baltimore, Maryland, value in helping me to carry out many celebrated the mass assisted by Monsignor laws prohibited this. He travelled widely, Joseph Brestel. Father McGuire also delivered his favorite place being Rome, Italy, where programs for my constituents, ranging the eulogy and said the final prayers at the he met Father Dan McGuire during the beat­ from newsletters and questionnaires to entombment in Calvary Cemetery, Paterson. ification of Mother Seton. His most recent holding senior citizen and environmental The Boa.rd of Commissioners noted the trip was with a group from the medical pro­ conferences in the district. I certainly passing of the doctor at their meeting Mon- fession to Russia in 1973. want to mention my deep gratitude to 5072 ') EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976 those individuals who have contributed tremely high. We are a nation with long only our intention to see if opening new to making this program a success. coastlines and we are a worldwide naval and OCS areas is reasonable and prudent. Actual maritime power. Our power as a nation and sale must follow a number of considerations. The basic structure of the fund is a people is deeply involved with worldwide I refer specifically to the interests of individ­ based on a maximum $200 contribution resources. We are committed to the freedom uals and states. They have a real voice in the from individuals only, with miscellane­ of the seas. · decision-making process before a sale can be ous donations ranging from $1 up to the You know many of the stakes for America. made. maximum. The following is a full ac­ Let me mention a few: Our procedures call for state involvement counting of receipts and expenditures The traditional rights of passage on and at the following stages: Tract nominations, from January 1, 1975 to December 31, above the high seas-through more than tract selection, environmental impact state­ 100 threatened straits . . . . an estimated ments, public hearings, pipeline rights-of­ 1975: one and one-half billion barrels of petroleum way, and the location of onshore facilities. CONSTITUENT SERVICE FUND under the sea floor-a fantastic yet largely These provide the states the opportunity to RECEIPTS untapped energy resource .... and endan­ participate at every major decision point. Miscellaneous contributions ______$ 62. 00 gered fish stock that yields about $18 billion My philosophy on energy represents the 46 full memberships at $200______9, 200. 00 worth of high-protein food each year .... consensus of this nation: Something must be 2 (Yi) year memberships at $100__ 200. 00 and several trillion dollars worth of manga­ done to increase our current domestic energy nese, copper, cobalt and nickel that are production. Be cautious. Be prudent. But, Total 9,462.00 scattered on the deep ocean bed. above a.II, be reasonable. We at tlle Department of the Interior have Reason means we must balance our energy EXPENDITURES a voice in that future. I will discuss our role and environmental needs. Additional staff cost and expenses_ 508.47 in some detail. However, we would do well to Our OCS oil and gas-leasing program has Printing Press, supplies ______3, 551. 53 look first at issues and problems here at not escaped its share of disagreement. Never­ Mobile Office Expenses ______l, 881. 68 home and then in the international field. theless, our program is highly positive for Misc. office expenses ______799.06 Our country's energy debate continues in the nation: Forums, Coordinator and Press terms of national security and economic sta­ Offshore oil production can be brought on.­ bility. Yet, many related bills before the expenses ------605.69 line relatively quickly; Travel expense reimbursement __ _ 1,452.56 Congress recognize the importance of an It is relatively inexpensive, and Entertainment and Fifth District accelerated OCS leasing program. This is to It has environmental costs which are quite Functions ______629.61 meet both our short and long-term objec­ acceptable relative to alternatives. Postoffice Box rentaL ______33.40 tives. Some coastal states have raised important Last week, I announced that the Interior questions about environmental impacts. Such Total------9,462.00 Department will be leasing oil and gas tracts impacts are inseparable from increased OCS in the Northern Gulf of Alaska as soon as we operations. There is no way to avoid some Balance ------0 complete preparation for a sale. Before mak­ disturbance. ing this decision, I eliminated about 40 per­ At the same time, let me emphasize this: cent of the tracts from the proposed Alaska Responsible lease management can minimize sale because they posed environmental risks. these occurrences. Effects on marine environ­ Possibly more tracts will be deleted. This ment should be limited and highly localized. AMERICAN OCEANIC procedure, which considers all environmental Chronic pollution from OCS does not-in all ORGANIZATION factors for every tract before we lease, will probability-pose a serious threat to the At­ guide us as Interior carries out its offshore lantic coast. oil and gas program. It will hold true espe­ Many coastal communities fear major oil HON. DON H. CLAUSEN cially for offshore leasing in the Atlantic, spills off their beaches. Yet, evidence from OF CALIFORNIA where we propose to hold our first sale in various studies by educational institutions JN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about six months. If I approve that sale, it and government agencies indicate this: The could be followed by two others this year risks of oil spills may be greater if oil is im­ Tuesday, March 2, 1976 along our East coast. ported in tankers than if it is produced off­ Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, As you know, there are compelling argu­ shore and transported to shore in pipelines. the history of the United States is one of ments on both sides of the offshore contro­ The relative oil spill rate for tankers is versy-so holding an Alaska sale and three forecast at almost twice that of OCS produc­ frontier-pushing. The American people Atlantic sales in this bicentennial year would tion. It appears reasonable to assume that have constantly been on the move to find have historic proportions. the risk of oil spills will be significantly re­ new lands, explore new areas, and de­ There are some concerns on all sides about duced whenever OCS production-trans­ velop new freedoms. Putting a man on the results: About the environment ... cost ported onshore by pipeline-displaces foreign the moon is an excellent illustration, but benefit calculations involving federal, state imports cairried in tankers. only one example, of our continuing at­ and local interests . . . federal goals and New OCS production off the Atlantic coast tempts to push beyond established objectives related to local aims and objec­ should result, therefore, in decreasing the tives ... the tremendous financial risks in­ risk of oil spills. Also, because of the East frontiers. volving private enterprise. coast's heavy reliance on imported oil, ocs One area which until recently has been Let all of us in this room be sure of one should bring it these benefits. either ignored or taken for granted is the thing. Our scale of values must not be bal­ Petroleum supply security, increased em­ ocean. Secretary of the Interior Thomas anced to favor one interest over another. We ployment and a general increase in regional S. Kleppe recently provided some very are all working on behalf of the United States investment. interesting remarks on this subject to and its people. The victory or defeat of one As a result of the Santa Barbara spill, we the American Oceanic Organization. Our interest is not necessarily the victory or de­ have built many reforms into our OCS leas­ feat of another. On the contrary, the failure ing program. They are, perhaps, too long to Nation's stake in issues such as tradition­ of one interest may well prove to be the explain here. However, let me tell you of some al rights of passage on the high seas, oil failure of all interests. excellent results since that spill. on the outer continental shelf, minerals Let us understand this from the begin­ More than 5-thousand wells have been on the ocean ftoors, and our endangered ning : The OCS and onshore Alaska are the -drilled on the OCS. The number of fixed fishery resources, should be apparent to only frontier areas for securing increased structures there has increased from about most Americans, but Mr. Kleppe's concise domestic oil and gas for the immediate fu­ 1,600 to some 2,200. The overall result is this: and comprehensive remarks provide a ture. At present price levels, other petroleum We have witnessed only three significant in­ wealth of detailed information which I alternatives-such as oil from shale or coal­ cidents of environmental damages from off­ are not yet economically attractive to pro­ shore operations. think all Members will find informative: duce. The OCS is our best near-term answer Another environmental concern is ex­ REMARKS OF SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR to reducing imports. pressed-that of onshore support facilities THOMAS S. KLEPPE BEFORE THE AMERICAN Assuming leasing were already approved, resulting from offshore development. This is OCEANIC ORGANIZATION the following are estima.tes about the future where local communities and state govern­ No man-or woman-is an island. of the Atlantic OCS: It may be two years ments have far more leverage than the fed­ Never before has this been so evident. before the first discovery . . . 3 % to 8 years eral government. On such questions as refin­ Indeed, no nation is an island. No nation for the first production ... and 6 to 10 years ery siting and pipeline shoreline siting, local and no people can merely look inward in the for any significant production. and state officials have the greatest voice. modern world-and survive. Our Department has developed an ex­ I would call your attention to a proposal Some 150 countries will attend next panded OCS program. Six sales per year are which the Administration recently sub­ month's Law of the Sea Conference of the proposed-primarily in frontier areas. We mitted to the Congress. It would provide as­ United Nations. Their aim is the orderly use hope to offer prospects in each frontier area sistance to cities and states for extraordinary and exploitation of the world's ocean by 1978. I wish to emphasize that this sched­ fiscal impacts resulting from the develop­ resources. ule does not represent a decision to lease in ment of federal energy resources. This bil­ The stakes for the United States are ex- any of these particular areas. It represents lion-dollar program is called the Federal March 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5073 Energy Development Impact Assistance Fund. import requirements by 50 percent. Our im­ as few peoples and nations in the world­ The funds are to be used for planning and ports of cobalt will be completely eliminated. have accepted responsibility. No natiou has constructing needed new physical facilities Managanese imports could fall by 40 percent. been more generous with its national treas­ such as roads, schools, and hospitals. Our copper imports will be reduced by as ure and no people has been more generous Responsibility is the price that we Ameri­ much as one-third. The value of this seabed in defense of world freedom. We will con­ cans pay for our independence. For every ad­ production would exceed $1 billion. tinue to contribute to the international com­ vance in society, there is some element of Without a healthy ocean mining industry, munity. We will also remain a strong, free hope and fear. We cannot discover energy or the United States will only become more and independent nation. discover the oceans if we have our heads in dependent on imports of these minerals. the clouds. We must face our problems as For the most part, these imports would orig­ practical men and women. There is no fxee inate in developing countries where invest­ oass. We must make choices and accept the ment conditions are potentially unstable BREZHNEV SPEECH PRAISING DE­ consequences of those choices. I believe the and supply is insecure. American people are willing to make the There is a sobering aspect of this rather TENTE SHOULD BE VIEWED WITH hard choices on energy. hopeful picture I have painted. Ocean miners CONCERN BY THE UNITED STATES As we look farther into the oceans-beyond themselves do not face a stable investment our continental shelves to the deep seabed­ climate. To bring an ocean mining opera­ our mineral resource future grows more and tion into commercial production, each com­ HON. MARIO BIAGGI more promising. Enormous quantities of pany wlll have to invest between $300 and OF NEW YORK metal-rich nodules pave the world's ocean $600 million. Already our companies have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ftoors. The Pacific ocean alone is estimated spent approximately $30 million each. De­ to contain more than 1.5 trillion tons of these cisions to invest much larger sums will be Tuesday, March 2, 1976 nodules. Traces of more than twenty metals difficult. are found in these nodules. However, for the The uncertainty stems from an interna­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, both the immediate future, we estimate that four of tional legal/political controversy highlighted proponents and opponents of detente fol­ these metals--nickel, copper, cobalt and in the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. lowed with great interest, this week's manganese-will attract commercial miners. The developing nations-acting as a group­ speech by Soviet Premier Leonid I. Brezh­ Anyone who discusses the mineral poten­ oppose the concept that all nations have a nev, which came at the opening of the tial of the deep seabed should begin cautious­ right of guaranteed access to the resources 25th Congress of the Soviet Communist ly. We do not know a great deal about what of the seabed. They argue that the United Party. As a leading opponent of detente, is down there. Not much more than three States and other industrial nations must I feel Brezhnev's speech should be viewed percent of the ocean floors have been sur­ agree to submit our existing rights to those with extreme concern by the Congress veyed in any systematic fashion. But already, resources to the discretion of an interna­ prospectors for manganese nodule deposits tional authority. That authority would be and the American people. have identified many potential mine sites. empowered to discriminate against tech­ The main theme of the Soviet leader's There are so many that only a small percent­ nologically advanced nations, and, indeed, to speech was that detente has aided Soviet age of those sites will be mined by the first deny our right to produce minerals. Even if growth, which serves to confirm my long­ generation of ocean miners. the international organization permits standing contention that detente has In recent months, our Department has re­ United States companies to operate in the largely been a one-way policy based on evaluated private industry's progress toward seabed, developing nations would want it United States concessions and corre­ commercial production of seabed metals. We to have the power to limit and control pro­ sponding Soviet gains. A particularly dis­ have always considered the technological duction levels in a cartel-like fashion. leadership of American ocean mining com­ Such conditions would not induce Ameri­ concerting quote from the speech bears panies as offering an unparalleled opportu­ can companies to invest in ocean mining. special attention, "We make no secret of nity to the United States. An American-led As a result, the United States could be denied the fact that we see detente as the way ocean mining industry could generate large, the mineral resource benefits of the tech­ to create more favorable conditions for new, secure mineral supplies for our indus­ nological innovations pion~ered by our com­ peaceful Socialist and Communist con­ trial use. American-produced deep ocean panies. struction. This only confirms that social­ minerals would be free from potentially un­ I understand that since last spring's for­ friendly political control by other govern­ ism and peace are indissoluble." mal session of the Law of the Sea Confer­ The message of this speech, and an ments. And, we hoped seabed minerals might ence, there have been indications that some well be less expensive than minerals from developing countries are willing to work earlier statement which appeared in the lower-grade land mines on which we would with us to achieve a reasonable treaty. Such Soviet Communist Party newspaper, otherwise depend. The results of our studies a treaty would guarantee our access to sea­ "Pravda," in which the Soviet Union indicate that we may have been to cautious. bed resources while meeting the desire of vowed to keep their military forces at American ocean mining companies have developing countries to participate in the full alert while pursuing detente makes moved farther and faster than we expected. development of ocean minerals. If this is in it more imperative than ever, that this As we meet here today, ocean miners are fact the case, then we can look forward to a Nation seriously reassess the continua­ moving into the final phases of development new era in international cooperation. activities. They have already completed ex­ tion of detente. I will not speculate on the outcome of the The theory of detente has proven to tensive prospecting activity in the North law of the sea negotiations. But I will tell Pacific region. Each principal American-led you what the Department of the Interior be mere fantasy. The concept of reducing ocean mining company has identified mine has been and will be doing while the dip­ tension between the two superpowers is sites capable of supporting commercial pro­ lomats are talking. We have the responsi­ an admirable one. But, in fact, the ten­ duction. They have solved most, if not all, sions have not been dissipated, only rein­ of the major technological barriers to the bility within government to foster and en­ recovery and processing of manganese nod­ courage the development of domestic mining forced. The United States has rendered ules. As a result, companies are now planning industries. Ocean minerals are as much a itself to an equal, and in some cases in­ to l:egin at-sea testing of prototypes of their concern to the Interior Department as the ferior, position to the Soviets, in terms mining systems. coal mines of Appalachia and the copper of military strength. This situation poses These test mining operations, expected to mines of the southwest. a grave threat to our national security. begin within a matter of months, could re­ I can think of no American industry more deserving of encouragement than the pio­ It is apparent that the Soviet Union has cover as much as 1,000 tons of nodules each no intention of reducing its own military day. neering ocean mining industry. We will pro­ These and other technical accomplish­ vide the necessary leadership for that en­ posture and it is an enigma to me, that ments by American companies mean this: If couragement. this administration feels obliged to con­ our companies do not encounter any political While ocean miners are opening new tinue on the present road of detente or legal obstacles, the United States wlll pro­ minerals frontiers, the Interior Department knowing full well, the antagonistic inten­ will be right there with them. The Geological sions of the Soviet Union. duce minerals which we are now obliged to survey and the Bureau of Mines together import. have more than a century of experience in To begin with, the United States American ocean mining companies could finding critical mineral resources, learning should insure that our own military begin production early in the 1980's. If that how they are mined, and understanding the forces and capabilities are maintained at occurs, several companies would produce economic obstacles facing mineral indus­ strongest possible levels, to avert any po­ about three million tons of nodules per year. tries. No organization In or out or govern­ tential or actual threats by our foes. Our Th ey would extract nickel, copper and cobalt. ment knows better how to supply today's defense spending should reflect con­ At least one company will also produce man­ mineral needs while conserving resources tinued and new development of impor­ ganese. Their annual production rate is ex­ for the future. tant strategic weapons, both ofiensive pected to be about one million tons. As I said earlier, responsibility is the If these plans are followed, the United price of independence. We celebrate two cen­ and defensive in nature, and particularly States will reduce within a decade its nickel turies of independence because Americans- for those which the Soviet Union enjoys CXXII--321-Part 4 507~ E~E , SIO~S. OF, llE~ "Jlt!_a:ch 2, 197p, an edge, or has achieved parity with this abandon detent.e, and destroy this oppor .. in Antarctic aviation hist.ory was written. Natiun. tunity, once and f<>r all. An aircraft damaged in the early days An example of this is the land-based of this season was repaired and flown intercontinental ballistic missiles. The out. While the VXE-6 repair team was defense budget for fiscal year 1977 does accomplishing this, the NARF field re­ not provide for 'Siny further production of CHERRY POINT, N.C .• NARF WORK­ pair team undertook the complex prob­ the Minuteman III, our only land-based ERS COMMENDED FOR ANTARC­ lem of repairing another LC-130 which ICBM. The failure to provide for pro.. TICA SERVICE was extensively damaged in January of duction of these weapons was a reflec­ 1975. tion of our good faith, while the SALT n HON. WALTER B. JONES The technical experts stated that re­ negotiations were proceeding. But, this pair of these aircraft would have been action was taken with full knowledge OF NORTH CAROLINA difficult even rmder ideal conditions. At that the Soviet Union is proceeding IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dome Charlie, the average temperature ahead with the deployment of four new Tuesday, March 2, 1976 hovered at 25 degrees below zero Fahren­ ICBM systems, and a fifth system is Mr. JONES of North Carolina. Mr. heit. With an elevation of 10,549 feet, underway. For our Nation, the proposed Speaker, the employees of the Naval Air­ the conditions were equivalent to a replacement for the Minuteman III is craft Rework Facility of the Marine standard atmosphere of over 12,000 feet. at least a decade away from completion Corps Air Station in Cherry Point, N.C., Working under a temporary windbreak, and during this time, the Soviets could have always served our country's military the team replaced the lower nose section forge permanently and dangerously forces well. The Cherry Point NARF, and the nose landing gear and ski as­ ahead in this key facet of military capa­ which is located in my congressional dis­ sembly. They also repaired the forward bility. trict, has consistently received efficiency fuselage floor and applied exterior skin We cannot allow our national security ratings second to none. Recently a team patches. The entire avionics package re­ to be jeopardized for 1 minute while we of workers furthered this tradition of quired overhaul and replacement. await the completion -0f agreements be .. exceptional service by accomplishing a After th01'0ugh ground checkouts and ing made with an adversary who might repair operation in Antarctica which has functional .reliability tests the aircraft very well gain militarily from them. It been praised as an "epic in naval aviation was inspected and declared safe for has been stated by American officials, history". flight by your Mr. Jim Herman, and that the SALT I agreement definitely A pair of damaged LC130 Hercules air­ flown from Dome Charlie to McMurdo favored the Soviets. The SALT I and ll craft had been stranded in Dome Charlie, Station on January 14. Although not ye~ talks have oftentimes been shrouded in East Antarctica., for nearly a year. Re­ back in the active inventory, the air­ secrecy. The Soviets have consistently covery of these planes necessitated that craft will undergo major overhaul this refused to site inspections of their mili­ a special field repair team be flown from summer and be back in service next op­ tary stockpiles, and have refused to pro­ the States to Dome Charlie. The team erating season. vide this Nation with a complete .ac .. included 16 NARF employees from The NARF field repair team was com­ counting of their important weapon Cherry Point. The encountered average prised of 16 of the most enthusiastic and systems. Yet we continue to plunge on­ temperatures of minus 25 ° and an eleva­ expert men ever to set foot on this white ward in pursuit of these agreements for tion of 10,549 feet. I can assure you that continent. They did their job in a truly the good of detente. harsh conditions of this nature require a outstanding manner and have received In -other areas, detente has proven thus slight adjustment when you are ac­ plaudits from highest Navy and civilian far to be a dismal failure. With respect climated to the mild winters and level levels. Presenting these men with the to restoring basic rights to the captive terrain of eastern North Carolina. Antarctic Service M.edal before they de­ persons under the control of the Soviet That the mission was an unqualified parted was only a small gesture of this Union, detente has betrayed the people success is evidenced by the following let­ command's recognition. of Eastern Europe. We in Congress, con.. ter of commendation sent to Col. Neil F. Again, allow me to add my personal tinue to champion the rigbts of free Heffernan, USMC, commanding officer gratitude and admiration to the field re­ emigration by Soviet Jews, as well as the of the Naval Aircraft Rework Facility at pair team and NARF Cherry Point for an right of n. The U.S. "has agreed to provide us turret. Development started in 1956, and the Weight: 48 tons with our needs in sophisticated weapons with first production tanks were troop tested in Size: Height 3.26 m. Length (hull) 6.95 m. 110 strings attached," he added. 1959. Later production concentra.ted on Width 3.63 m. U.S. arms sales stipulate that the recipient M60 Al, which has a redesigned •needlenose' Road speed;range: 48 km/h/500 km cannot transfer them. In the past, U.S. plan­ turret, and an improved gun control equip­ Main armament: 105 mm 51 calibre high ners held that Saudi-Arabia was not a front­ ment, but ls otherwise the same vehicle. velocity gun (British design, US manufac­ line country directly involved in the armed Now that the MBT70/XM803 tank has been ture) (2451.103) conflict with Israel. More recently, the cancelled the MOO will undoubtedly continue Method of ranging: Monocular coinci­ Pentagon has shown concern that F1·ench to be the operational main battle tank of dence rangefinder with base of 2 m. (But and British sales to Libya, Saudi Arabia, and the U.S. Army for considerably longer than see text) Kuwalt were being transferred to Egypt. was originally envisaged. Consequently the Armament: 63 rounds mixed APDS, HEAT, Prince Sultan said the Saudi force serving Army has begun a product improvement and HEP (equivalent to British HESH) in Syria's Golan Heights since fighting in the programme for the M60 Al version, which Secondary armanent: 0.5 in commander's October, 1973, war will remain there under will extend over severa.1 years. MG cupola mounted, with AA capability. Syrian command. It is believed to number First stage in the programme was the in­ 7.62 mm coaxial MG. 2,000 troops. He added that the Persian Gulf corporation of add-on stabilisation in a num­ Turret rotation: 360° electro-hydraulic or area should be "kept free of international ber of tanks in 1971. other improvements manual control pressure zones and alliances," and called wlll include the addition of a laser range­ Engine: Continental 90° V-12 air cooled, Iran "a Muslim and brotherly state." finder, a solid-state ballistics computer, im­ twin turbocharged, diesel, 29.3 litres. 750 Before Prince Turki's present Washington proved suspension, long-life tracks with re­ bhp at 2,400 rpm. mission, there were two weeks of talks on placeable pads, air cleaners and a more re­ Transmission: Allison hydraulic torque Saudi Arabia's proposed multiblllion-dollar liable engine and electrical systems. converter new-arms purchases from the U.S. In ad.di tion the Army requested funds in Ag111ty: Ground pressure 0.78 kg/sq cm. Western sources here said these centered the Flsca1 Year 1973 budget for prototyping Max step 0.91 m. Max trench 2.58 m. Max on secret Pentagon recommendations to add and testing a thermal sight for the M60 Al. gradient 00% (1 in 1.7). Ground clearance mob1llty tB the Saudi armed forces, includ­ This sight, which will be mounted inside the 0.46 m. Power-to-weight ratio 15.5 bhp ;ton ing the 25,000-man "White Army" or tribal turret and integrated with the fire control Water crossing ability: Fording to 1.22 m National Guard now training in Saudi Arabia system, will help the crew to detect and en­ without preparation. An applique schnorkel and Pakistan, primarily as a land force to gage targets in darkness or poor visib111ty equipment permits fording at 4.11 m guard oil installations. Assistant U.S. Secre­ conditions in daytime. The programme was Night vision equipment: A Xenon IR/ tary of Defense Robert Ellsworth visited expected to extend over two years and was white light searchlight can be fitted on the Saudi Arabia for these talks. aimed both at improving the MOO Al and mantlet above the gun. Commander and 400 HELICOPTERS at establishing a design for subsequent tank gunner have interchangeable infra red development. sights. Driver has infra red viewer for use American sources have estimated the Sau­ The product improvement programme for dis would buy 400 helicopters by 1984 to in conjunction with filtered headlights. the M60 Al has been under way since 1969 NBC protection: Centralised filter sys­ equip a mobile ground force. Published arms and will be carried out in three phases: deals with the U.S. this year included $335 tem passes filtered air to the individual res­ million worth of armored cars, which began Phase 1.-The three main parts of this pirators of crew members. to arrive last month, a $270 m11lion purchase phase are the add-on stab111sation system, Derivatives: enabling the tank to have a shoot-on-the­ 1. AVLB-Armoured Vehicle Launched of new Hawk antiaircraft missiles, a pending move capability, and the new track, desig­ $350 million contract for moderntzlng the Bridge on M60Al chassis can launch a 18 m Saudi Navy, and a $385 million contract to nated T-142. which will have twice the life bridge of classification 60 t in less than 2 modernize the National Guard. of the T-97 track used at the present time: minutes. Total weight 55 t. 2 man crew. During the first nine months of 1974, Saudi the vehicle will a.lso be fitted with a top­ 2. CEV-Combat Engineer Vehicle M728. loading air cleaner which increases engine Carries 165 mm demolition gun, winch witb Arabia bought about $25 million in new life by reducing dust and dirt ingestion. British aerospace equipment. • . . This ls 11 t pull, an A-frame crane with 8 t lift, pact of a five-year contract worth about $900 Phase 2.-This phase is scheduled to com­ and bulldozer blade. Total weight 50 t. 4 million and involving 2,500 British and Com­ mence in 1976 and will involve installation mau crew. of a laser rangefinder that can be used by 3. The M60A2 (separately described) is monwealth technicians. both the commander and gunner by day and Keen rivalry in the Saudi market between indentical to l\I60Al below the turret ring. France's Dassault-Breguet Mirage 3 and F-1 night; a solid-state computer wlll contain Status: and the U.S. McDonnell Douglas Phantom sensors for cross wind, vehicle cant, gun tube The M60 and M60Al tanks are in service F-4 has resulted in Saudi orders for both wear and ammunition grain temperature. with Austria (120), Iran, Israel, Italy (200 French and U.S. jets despite IsraeU protests The suspension will also be much improved M60 Als have been built in Italy), Jordan that any of these planes would have the by fitting the tube-over-bar suspension sys­ South Korea, Spain, Turkey and the United range to strike Israel from Saudi territory. tem, this will give the vehicle a significant States. Future orders could came from Aus­ increase in cross country mobility, a better tralia, Kuwait and Saudi-Arabia. The M60 (United Press International-Dispatch From gun platform and a smoother ride for the Al is in production by the Chrysler Corpora­ crew. The engine will be modified and im­ Damascus.~ar.2, 1976) tion at the Detroit Tank Arsenal, which at proved by fitting a new turbo-charger, pis­ the present time is the only tank plant in In Beirut, Saudi Arabian Crown Prince tons and so on, and a new electrical system Fahd said today his country would resort to the USA. In the FY 1974 US Defence Budget will be installed. This model wlll be known a further 360 MOO Als were to be built for war should current peaceful attempts aimed as the M60 A3. at an Israeli military withdrawal from oc­ the Army and 120 for the USMC. This total Phase 3.-Work has started on this part o! was increased by a supplemental to 613 cupied Arab territories fail. the programme and the improvements wm Fahd's statement was made in Riyadh on (partly to cover sales to Israel) plus 155 include an engine with at lea.st 900 hp cou­ covered by the proceeds of the sale of older the occasion of a meeting of the supreme pled to a new four-speed hydrostatic trans­ committee of the Arab authority for military tanks to Israel). For FY 1975 the purchase of mission with new final drives. This wlll in­ 664 tanks-154 M60 Al for the USMC and industry. Excerpts of it were broadcast by crease the acceleration as well as the top the Saudi Arabian radio and monitored in 510 improved models for the Army-was speed of the vehicle. Work has also started proposed at an estimated cost of $229.2 mil­ Beirut. on a thermal night vision fire control system. The authority-set up by Saudi Arabia, lion. These phased improvements will be in­ Manufactured by: Egypt, Qatar and the United Arab emirates corporated into production vehicles and have last year to manufacture weapons in the also been designed so that M60 Als at pres­ Chrysler Corporat ion, PO Box 757, Michi­ Arab world-began a two-day conference in ent in service can be retrofitted as and wheu gan 48231, USA. the a.udi capital monday night. required. DRAGON Status: U.S. Army designation: XM4·7. DESCRIPTIONS The M60 tank family will certainly con­ The XM47 Dragon surface attack guided M60 MAIN BATTLE TANK tinue to be the mainstay of the US armoured missile system, known originally by the acro­ forces until the late 1970s. It is expected that nym MAW (Medium Anti-tank/ assault Description: the M60 A3 will be in production in FY 1975 Weapon system), has been developed for the M60 is the current main battle tank in after which existing stocks of M60 Al will U.S. Army by McDonnell Douglas as a weapon service in considerable numbers in the U.S. be progressively converted. In the meantime light enough to be carried and shoulder­ Army. It ls a direct development of M47 and new procurement of M60 Al will continue fired by one man yet having a warhead large M48, the principal differences being the use for replacement of obsolescent tanks in the enough to destroy most armour and other in­ of a diesel engine, giving a great improve­ US Army and the USMC. fantry targets encountered on the battlefield. ment in range, a more powerful gun in the Characteristics (M60 Al): It is superior in range, accuracy and hit form of the British 105 mm gun, and addi­ Crew: 4 (commander, gunner, loader, probab11ity to the 90 mm recomess rifle which tional armour protection, particularly on the driver) it will replace. March 2, ·19NJ • Dragon employs an automatic command­ Complete system, 29-7 lb. ( 13•47 kg) . results that were described as "quite impres­ to-line-of-sight guidance system and con­ Missile, 13-5 lb. (6•13 kg). sive although the conditions there were more favorable for such electro-optical sists of a tracker, a recoilless launcher and a MAVERICK mu~h missile. The tracker includes a telescope weapons than would be the case i~ Europe". USAF designation: AGM-65. . . Other Mavericks have been dellvered to through which the operator sight~ the target, Development of this air-to-surface m1ss1le a sensor device and an electronics package. Iran. began in 1966, when Hughes and North A major disadvantage of any conventional rt is re-usable and is attached to a different American each received a project definition launcher for each firing. The launcher is a TV-guided missile is that it is restricted to contract to verify preliminary design and en­ use in clear-visibility conditions. Consider­ smooth-bore glass-fibre tube, the aft end of gineering studies of the projected weapon which is enlarged to accommodate a pro­ able research is being devoted to improving and to provide information for development the versatility of Maverick, and by the Spring pellant container and breech. It is ~ealed to and production contracts. form the delivery and storage c:onta1ner and of 1975 four different versions were known After evaluation of the results of these to exist, as follows: is discarded after firing. contracts, in July 1968, the USAF awarded AGM-65A. Initial TV-guided version, as The general appearance of the missile is Hughes a $95 million fixed-price incentive shown in the illustration on this page. It has already described. Deliveries to the USAI!, contract to cover development, test and eval­ exceeded 7,943 by 24 February 1975, and were folding fins which fiiclt. open as it leaves the uation of Maverick over a three-year period, launcher, and carries an infra-red flare, wire scheduled to total 14,534 by the end of No­ with options for follow-on production of up vember 1975 and the originally planned bobbin, electronics package, gyro bat~ery and to 17,000 missiles. warhead. Its solid-propellant propulsion sys­ programme total of 17,000 (including AGM- Maverick has a cyclindrical body, with 65Bs) by completion of FY 1976 procure­ tem is unique, consisting of several pairs of rounded glass nose and long-chord delta small rocket motors mounted in rows around ment. wings, indexed in line with crucifo~m tail AGM-65B. Basically similar to AGM-65A, the missile body. control surfaces mounted close to their trail­ In operation, the infantryman sights the but with a modified "scene magnification" ing-edges. It is powered by a Thiokol TX-481 TV seeker, making it possible for the pilot target through the telescopic sigh~, then solid-propellant motor and is television-guid­ to identify and lock on to the target from a. launches the missile. While he holds his sight ed in its initial form. longer range or to attack smaller targets. on the target, the tracker senses missile posi­ It can be carried by the A-7D, F-4D and tion relative to his line of sight and trans­ Engineering development completed by F-4E, normally, in three-round underw~ng January 1975. Order for 4,000 announced in mits command signals over wire to the mis­ clusters, and has a high-penetration conical sile. This causes the appropriate rocket August 1975, with deliveries to begin in De­ shaped-charge warhead, intended for use cember 1975. motors, or side thrusters, to fire. As com­ against pinpoint targets such as tanks a:nd AGM-65C. Laser-guided version intended mands are transmitted continuously, the side columns of vehicles. Maverick is also carried specifically for close air support against des­ thrusters apply corrective control forces, by Teledyne Ryan BGM-34 RRVs and is in­ ignated targets. Capable of day and night being fired at appropriate roll angles so that tended as armament for the A-lOA. use in conjunction with airborne or ground the missile is automatically guided and pro­ Unlike earlier TV-guided missiles, Maver­ designator. Ten missiles fl.red during de­ pelled throughout its fiight. ick is self-homing. The pilot of the launch velopment at Eglin AFB in June-October The first contract for a one-year explora­ aircraft first selects the desired weapon sta­ 1973, using Long Knife airborne designator tory development programme, to prove the tion, and a timed indicator light signals c?m­ pod and ILS-NT200 ground designator. Full­ feasibility of the concept, was awarded to pletion of the required gyro run-up _ti~e. scale engineering development scheduled for McDonnell in August 1964. The first in a After visually detecting a target, the pilot March 1975. series of flight demonstration tests was con­ depresses the uncage switch which removes AGM-65D. Version with imaging infra-red ducted successfully at the company's test the protective dome cover fro~ the. nos~ of seeker (IIR), which produces an image by i·ange at East St. Louis, Illinois, on 13 March the missile and activates the video circuitry. sensing small differences in infra-red heat 1965. All systems and components "'.orked as '!'he scene viewed by the Maverick TV seeker radiated by objects in view, so being suitable required, and the missile hit within mches of appears on a high-brightness TV screen int.he for day and night use, even through haze. the centre of the target. Full-range weapon cockpit. The pilot then maneuvers his air­ In early tests, targets such as an offshore requirements were demonstrated subse­ craft to place his optical sight reticle on the drllling rig and oil storage area were detected quently at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, and target, or slews the missile seeker he~d. Aft~r by a forward-looking infra-red (FLIR) ac­ McDonnell was awarded a development con­ depressing the track switch, he waits until quisition aid fitted to an F-4D. Handover tract as prime contractor for the Dragon mis­ the cross-hairs are positioned over the target, was then made to the IIR seeker in the mis­ sile on 9 March 1966. then effects lock-on by releasing the track sile for a homing attack. In the Summer o! This was followed by an engineering-de­ I, switch and launches the round. Maverick is 1974, Hughes received a $10.2 million con­ velopment contract and, in late 1967, the pro­ homed on the target by an electro-optical tract to install eight IIR seekers on Mav­ duction-engineering phase was begun. device in its nose. erick missiles for free fiight trials in the Launch-environment testing began at Cape The first unguided air launch of the Mav­ Autumn of 1975. Kennedy in the Summer of 1967, and guided erick missile was conducted successfully at Later developm.ent will include adaptation test flights were initiated at Huntsville, Ala­ Edwards AFB, California, on 15 September of Maverick tci carry the 250 lb (113 kg) bama, in the Autumn. In December 19.67 the 1969. The test was the first of 15 air launches MK-19 warhead for possible USAF/US Navy Army announced that a Dragon hits its conducted by McDonnell Douglas, with use against larger hardened targets such as target with "bull's-eye" accuracy in its first Hughes support, to prove the safe separation command bunkers or ships. full-range test. · of the missile from an F-4 Phantom II Dimensions (AGM-65A): Award to McDonnell Douglas of a con­ throughout the aircraft's flight envelope. On Length overall, 8 ft 1 in (2-46 m). tract calling for production engineering and 18 December 1969, a Maverick, complete ex­ Body diameter, 12 in (30 cm). initial production of the Dragon was an­ cept for warhead, was launched at medium Wing span, 2 ft 4 in (0-71 m). nounced on 28 June 1968. On 5 July .th.at range from an F-4D in a diving attack Weight (AGM-65A, approx) : year, the Army announc?d that t~e ~1ss1le against a stripped-down M-41 tank at Holl~­ hit its target with pinpomt precision in the man AFB, New Mexico. It scored a direct hit Launching weight, 462 lb (210 kg). \... first of a series of manned, shoulder-fired in thi.s its first guided test fiight. \ tests. Previous firings had been unmanned, Durlng subsequent test at Fort Reilly, Kan­ from a fixed launcher. Five months later the sas, Maverick was launched at distances ra~g­ Dragon achieved equal success in its first test ing from a few thousand feet to many miles against a moving target; and the first from the target, and from high altitudes VOTING RECORD OF HON. manned firing with a live warhead took place down to treetop level, against maneuvering STEPHEN L. NEAL at Redstone Arsenal on 21 January 1971. Army tanks. The first production contract for Dragon, As a result of the success of the first 27 valued at $12,233,000, was awarded to Mc­ flight tests, the USAF decided in early 1972 Donnell Douglas by the U.S. Army on 7 to cancel the 13 further launches that had HON. STEPHEN L. NEAL March 1972. . been planned. Production was initiated in OF NORTH CAROLINA Dragon ls produced at th~ company's Titus­ 1971, under a $69.9 million contract, and .the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ville, Florida, plant, and is expected to be USAF formally accepted the first of the mi­ used by the U.S. Marine Corps as well as the tial quantity of 2,000 production Mavericks Tuesday, March 2, 1976 Army. at Hughes, Tucson, Arizona, plant on 30 Au- Mr. NEAL. Mr. Speaker, the House of Dimensions: gust 1972. · Length overall of a launcher, 3 ft. 8 in. Representatives has taken some very By October 1973, the number of Mavericks (1•12m). positive steps toward making public all Length overall of missile, 2 ft. 5•3 in. ordered by the USAF had increased to 11,000 in four batches. In that month, the missile of its many activities. We have, by and (o•74m). was used operationally by the Israeli Air large, thrown open the doors for public Span of fins, 1ft.1 in. (0•33m). inspection. We conduct only a few hear- Weights: Force during the Yorn Kippur war, with 7 \

5078 EXTENSIONS.OF lll.El'dARKS Mcinch 2, 1976 ings behind closed doors, and those of To authorize $1.76 billion for health man­ Interior appropriations ($5.24 billion for necessity. All of our votes are recorded if power, public health, and allied health pro­ 15 months). Yes. Passed. 417-8. (11-0). grams through 1978. Yes. Passed 296-58. Oil Policy: To let Congress determine type there is an appropriate request that it be (10-0). tax imposed with any oil decontrol plan. Yes. done. To increase Farm Home Administration's Passed 236-187. (11-0). Nonetheless, Mr. Speaker, the public revolving loan funds for water development Oil Policy: To decontrol crude oil prices generally is unaware of what we do here, and conservation. Yes. Passed 307-86. (7-4). over eight-year period. No. Failed 202-220. j / and how we vote here. The voting records To delete farm appropriations for Cotton, (7-4). ( of individual Members remain a mystery Inc. No. Failed 196-199 (0-11). Oil Policy: To limit debate on Wilson to most of their constituents, who have Motion to recommit Agriculture Appro­ amendment. Yes. Passed 244-168. (4-6). neither the time nor the resow·ces to dig priations bill. No. Failed 58-333. (2-9). Oil Policy: To delete oil pricing section of them out of the day-to-day records of To appropriate $13.09 bUlion for Depart­ bill. No. Passed 215-199. (6-5). ) ment of Agriculture and related agencies over To increase unemployment and sickness J our proceedings. Therefore, they receive 15 months. Yes. Passed 353-38. (11-0). benefits o! railroa.d workers. Yes. Passed 420- their Congressman's voting record on a Oil policy: To adopt rule on Energy Con­ 0. (10-0). highly selective, piecemeal basis which servation and Oil Policy Act. DNV. Passed To adopt rule on resumption of shipment has little value for purposes of overall 261-78. (7-2). of military equipment to Turkey. Yes. Passed / analysis. Amendment to abolish Select Committee 419-0. (10-0). Because I believe my constituents have on Intelligence. No. Failed 122-293. (3-8). To permit shipment of $185 million in a right to know how I vote on every issue Amendment to abolish existing Select military equipment to Turkey (previously Committee on Intelligence and substitute banned by Congress). No. Failed 206-223. which comes before the House, I compile Joint Select Committee. No. Failed 178-230. (5-6). a summary of my complete voting record, (2-9). To adopt rule on H.R. 5900, Equal Treat­ at 6-month intervals, and supply it to the Motion to end debate on Select Committee ment of Craft and Industrial Workers. No. people of my district. I have today com­ on Intelligence. Yes. Passed 242-162. (9-2). Passed 322-94. (2-9). pleted this summary fo.r the second 6 Conference Report appropriating $7.6 bil­ To ease credit for agricultural disaster months of the first session, and wish at lion for education in fiscal year 1976. Yes. loans. (Conference report.) Yes. Passed 398- 0. this Point to insert it in the RECORD: Passed 370-42. ( 10-1) . (9-0). Amendment to deny use of education VOTING RECORD To forbid "common situs" picketing of funds t.o require integration by sex of physi­ construction jobs. Yes. Failed 176-223. (9-1). Following are all the recorded votes cast cal education classes. Yes. Passed 212-211. To forbid labor picketing 1n states where by Rep. Stephen L. Neal during the period (10-1). state law requires direct or sepa.ra.te oontrMts of July 1 through December 31, 1975. The Amendment t.o delete from Treasury ap­ on sta.te and municipal projects. Yes. Passed "Yes" or "No" indicates Congressman Neal's propriations a prohibition on use of funds by 229-175. ( 11-0). vote (DNV indicated he did not vote). The IRS to deny taJC-exempt status or deducti­ To extend prohibiting of above to the next numbers are the yes and no House totals bility of charita.ble contributions to private priv·ate sect.or. Yes. Flailed 176-222. (11-0). (the yes votes appear first). The numbers schools which have failed to prove they are To forbid the extension of product boycotts in parentheses are the yes-no vote of the racially nondiscriminatory. Yes. Passed 284- t o an entire construction site. Yes. Passed North Carolina members of the House of 122. (2-8). 204-188. (9-2). Representatives (the yes votes appear first.) Amendment to reduce by % funds for To exempt from "common situs" pro­ To extend the Wetlands Loan Act for seven Council on Wage and Price Stabllity. No. visions residential structures three stories or years. Yes. Passed 400-0. (10-0). Failed 167-243. (2-9). less and without elevators. Yes. Failed 200- To retain Jurisdiction of extsting Elk Hllls Amendment to limit increase of White 202. (11-0). naval petroleum reserves within the Navy House staff. Yes. Failed 141-274.(2-9). Final passage, permit strikes and picket­ Department. No. Failed 102-305 (1-10). to To authorize $6.26 billion in FY 1976 for ing against any of several employers jointly Final passage, to transfer control of naval Treasuy/Post Ofilce. Yes. Passed 393-18. performing work on a construction project. petroleum reserves to Department of In­ (10-0). (Common Situs Picketing). No. Passed 230- terior. Yes. Passed 391-20 (11-0). 178. (0-11). To adopt rule on H.R. 6706 authorizing ex­ To reduce size of Select Committee on In­ pense funds and setting staff limits for the telligence. No. Failed 125-285. (2-9). To extend "most favored ua.tion" trade Amendment to permit members of old status to Romania.. Yes. Passed 355-41. White House. Yes. Passed 408-2 (11-0). (11-0). To amend the emergency loan provisions select committee to transfer to new recon­ of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Devel­ stituted Select Committee on Intelligence. To agree to Senate version extend.1ng Vot­ opment Act to ease credit for disaster loans. No. Failed 119-274. (0-11). ing Rights Act seven years. Yes. Passed. 346- Yes. Passed 403-0. (11-0). 011 policy: To extend oil price controls 56. (11-0). Final passage, Arms Control and Disarm­ until Dec. 31, 1975. (Conference report). Yes. To adjourn from Aug. 1 to Sept. 3. No. ament Agency Authorization. Yes. Passed Passed 239-172. (8-3). Passed 293-109. (5-6). 382-28. (11-0). Education funds: Motion to reverse earlier To deny funds for location of nerve gas Final passage, Council on International House vote prohibiting using funds to lnte­ production line. Yes. Passed 219-185. (6-5). Economic Polley Authorization (advisory grate by sex physical education classes. No. To delete $64.9 million mllitary funds for council to the President). Yes. Passed 345-58. Passed 215-178. (2-9). beginning of Mllitary Medical University. (9-2). Oil policy: To allow presidential plan to Yes. Failed 190-221. (6-4). Amendment to maintain the number of ration petroleum take effect i! Congress dld Final passage, military construction au­ White House .staff positions above $36,000 not disapprove within 60 days. No. Failed thorization ($3.96 blllton for 15 months). level at 54. No. Failed 157-234. ( 1-8). 155-231. (5-4). Yes. Passed 369-47. (11--0). Amendment (substitute) to provide open­ To repeal exemption from antitrust action To consider extending authority for Con­ ended authorization for staff for the presi­ so-called "!air trade" laws. Yes. Passed 380- sumer Product Safety Commission. Yes. dent, vice president, and domestic council. 11. (10-0). Passed 387-22. (11-0). No. FaUed 146-242. (1-8). To permit VA to award special pay to full­ Veto: To override veto of Special Health Amendment t.o prohibit supersonic aircraft time physicians and dentists. Yes. Passed Revenue Sharing Act of 1975. (% required). which exceed FAA noise standards from land­ 382-3. (8-0). Yes. Passed 384-43. (11-0). ing in U.S. No. Failed 196-214. (2-8). Amendments to Social Security Act to im­ To accept Senate's language for federal Final passage, transportation appropria­ prove child support program. Yes. Passed roles in preparing enviromental impact state­ tions ($3.75 blllion-$220.5 mlllion less than 357-37. (8-0). ments for certain federal programs. No. administration request). Yes. Passed 392-13. To restore citizenship to General Robert Passed 279-143. ( 1-10). (10-1). E. Lee. Yes. Passed 407-10. (11-0). To reduce funds for education of handi­ To authorize $355.7 million for Environ­ To adopt conference report, legislative ap­ capped children. No. Failed 116-308. (2-8). mental Protection Agency research and de­ propriations ($827.5 million FY 1976). Yes. Final passage, to increase funding and ex­ velopment. Yes. Passed 383-15. '(10-1). Passed 374-37. (9-2). tend education to all handicapped children. To adopt rule on Health Manpower Act. 011 Polley: To disapprove president's plan Yes. Passed 375-44. (9-1). DNV. Passed 351-0. (8-0). to remove extsting controls on domestic To fund noise control activities of En­ Amendment to Health Manpower Act re­ crude oil prices. Yes. Passed 262-167. (9-2). vironmental Protection Agency. ($26.9 mil­ quiring students rece1vtng aid to repay grant on Policy: To set price celling on all do- lion for 27 months). Yes. Passed 390-35. or serve in medically underserved areas. Yes. mestic oil, coupled with windfall profits tax. (9-2). Passed 209-153. (9-1). Yes. Failed 94-326. (5-6). To retain labeling o! firearms authority To amend residency training requirements To increase funds !or acquisition of wet­ within Consumer Product Safety Commis­ 1n Health Manpower Act. Yes. Passed 20'1- lands for migratory bird conservation. No. sion. No. Failed 80-S39. (0-11). 146. (7-1). PMsed 220-203. (3-8). To adopt conference report, $31.12 billlon March 2, 1 19?tS ~ EXTENSIONS 0J:t; REMi\RKS 5079 ! for military procurement. Yes. Passed 348- To provide federal/state funding on equal To adopt rule on authorizing voluntary re­ 60. (9-0). basis for intergovernmental personnel. Yes. tirement of federal employes after 30 years To adopt conference report, TreasuryI Passed 226-168. (9-1). of service. Yes. Passed 269-72. (5-2). Post Office funding. ( $7 .6 billion for fiscal To eliminate grants to employee unious for To authorize new $60 million mint build­ 1976). No. passed 337-79. (8-3). intergovernmental training. Yes. Failed 189- ing in Denver, Colo. No. Passed 236-111. $5 million revolving fund for Postal Serv­ 213. (11-0). (2-7). ice for payment to air carriers who cannot To adopt rule of procedure for declaring Oil policy: To provide strict GAO audits collect from foreign governments. No. Passed national emergency. Yes. Passed 382-0. (10- of energy informat ion reported by petroleum 217-199. (5-6). 0). companies to federal agencies. Yes. Passed To adopt rule on executive pay increase To terminate after two years from enact­ 233-162. (2-8). recommended by P;:esident. Yes. Passed ment all powers under any presidentially­ Oil policy: To prohibit school buses using 302-124. (9-2). declared national emergency. Yes. Passed gasoline or diesel fuel from transport.ing To authorize cost of living pay increases 388-5. (11-0). students to a school farther than the closest for the federal judiciary, the vice president, To adopt rule on establishing U.S. Metric public school. Yes. Passed 204-202. (10-0). Members of Congress, and certain executive Board. Yes. Passed 342-3. ( 10-0) . Oil policy: Motion to recommit bill. No. branch and military officers. Yes. Passed 214- To authorize $160 million over five years Failed. 171-232. (5-5). 213. (5-6). for electric vehicle research and development. Oil policy: Final passage, H.R. 7014, Ener­ To recommit to conference committee Fed­ Yes. Passed 308-60. (8-2). gy Conservation and Oil Policy Act. Yes. eral Rules of Criminal Procedure. No. Failed To create U.S. Metric Board for voluntary Passed 255-148. (8-2). 167-255. (0-11). conversion to metric system. Yes. Passed To recommit and instruct conferees to in­ Oil policy: To make "in order" Krueger 300- 63. (8-2). sist on House language in Panama Canal bill. Amendment to Energy Conservation and Oil To adopt rule on establishing American Yes. Failed 193-200. (10-0). Policy Act. Yes. Passed 310-109. (10-0). Folklife Center. Yes. Passed 361-6. (11-0). To retreat from disagreement with Senate Oil policy: To retain controlled price on Final passage, Energy Conservation in on Panama Canal bill language. No. Failed "old" oil; set control on new oil. Yes. Passed Buildings Act. Yes. Passed 258-130. (5-5). 197-203. (1-9). 218-207. (4-7). To establish American Folklife Center in To prohibit Consumer Product Safety Oil policy: To retain price controls as Library of Congress. Yes. Passed 272-117. Commission to impose safety standard re­ modified by preceding vote. Yes. Passed 231- (9-1). quiring sampling plan. No. Passed 200-193. 193. (6-5). Veto: To override presidential veto of edu­ (0-10). Oil policy: To disapprove the amendment cation appropriations bill. (2/ 3 required). To extend requiring certificates of origin proposed by the president to remove exist­ Yes. Passed 379-41. (11-0). for foreign steel products to include those ing price controls relating to crude oil. Yes. To change Veterans Day back to November containing chrome. No. Failed 160-237. (3-7). Passed 228-189. (8-3). 11. Yes. Passed 410-6. (11-0). To permit president to embargo importa­ Oil policy: To extend oil price controls for To adopt rule on International Develop­ tion of Rhodesian chrome. No. Failed 187- six months, until March 31, 1976. Yes. Passed ment and Food Assist ance Act. Yes. Passed 209. (0-10). 303-117. (8-2). 358-41. (10-0). To suspend consideration of Consumer To continue financial support for military To forbid assistance to countries which Produot Safety bill. Yes.. Passed 240-133. commissaries. Yes. Passed 364-53. (10-0). engage in gross violations of human rights. (7-2). To deny subpoena power to Council on Yes. Passed 238-164. (8-3). To adopt rule on Insecticide, Fungicide, Wage and Price Stability. No. Failed 185-237. To authorize $1.35 billion in FY 1976 for and Rodenticide Act. Yes. Passed 369- 0. (6-5). foreign aid. No. Passed 244-155. (1-10). (9-0). To extend life of Council on Wage and To establish select committee to investi­ Oil policy: Final passage, to extend until Price Stability to 1977. Yes. Passed 235- 188. gate problem pertaining to servicemen miss­ Nov. 15, 1975, the Emergency Petroleum Al­ (6-5). ing in action. Yes. Passed 394-3. (11-0). location Act of 1973. Yes. Passed 342-16. Oil policy: To prohibit joint ventures be­ To abolish Office of Drug Abuse Policy. (9-0). tween companies producing 1.6 million bar­ No. Failed 167-235. (6-5). To consider Insecticide, etc., Act. Yes. rels a day. Yes. Failed 2-06-207. (3-8). To transfer functions of Drug Abuse Office Passed 325-2. (9-0). Oil policy: To prohibit granting leases on to t he National Institute of Drug Abuse in To rise from consideration of Insecticide federal lands for development of minerals HEW. Yes. Passed 383-11. (11-0). (etc.) Act because of large number of ab­ other than oil to a vertically integrated oil Oil policy: To delete oil price control pro­ sences. Yes. (Passed 239-66. (5-2). company. No. Failed 158-254. (1-10). visions of Energy Conservation and 011 Pol­ Motion to adjourn. No. Passed 209-83. Oil policy: To postpone leasing lands on icy Act. No. Failed 151- 242. (2-7). (4-2). frontier waters of Outer Continental Shelf. Oil policy: To delete mandatory gasoline To adopt rule on postal authorization bill. No. Failed 120-286. (0-11). allocation saving program and other controls Yes. Passed 344-19. (9-0). Motion to adjourn. No. Failed 184-195. (3- from Energy Act. No. Failed 150-239. (1-8). To require Postal Service to come before 7). Oil policy: To delete requirernent that Congress each year for authorization and ap­ Motion to adjourn. No. Failed 156-194. (3- industrial energy consumers comply with propriation of its budget requests. Yes. 7). energy saving guidelines. Yes. Passed 220-187. Passed 267-123. (9-1). Motion to adjourn. No. Failed 151-198. (3- (11-0). To adopt rule on Defense Appropriations. 6). Oil policy: To delete provision authorizing Yes. Passed 370-11. (10-0). Motion to adjourn. No. Failed 140- 200. (3- the president to be the exclusive purchasing To add $2 million for military counseling. 6). agent for petroleum from foreign countries. No. Failed 112-296. (2-9). Motion to adjourn. No. Failed 137-202. (1- No. Failed 146-254. (7-4). To add $12.2 million for military recruit­ 9). Oil policy: To eliminate 1985 auto efficiency ment. No. Failed 177- 228. (9-2). Motion to adjourn. No. Failed 142-205. (1- standards. No. Failed 117-284. (2-9). Motion to make federal employee pay raise 9). Oil policy: To require use of alternative 5 % instead of 8.66 % . Yes. Passed 278-123. To adopt rule on National Science Foun­ fu el in federally owned or leased autos. No. (9-1). dation authorization. Yes. Passed 328-73. Failed 118-262. (2-9). Amendment to Defense Appropriations (10-0). To adopt conference report on School prohibiting use of any of the funds for CIA. To adopt conference report ($787 million) Lunch Act. Yes. Passed 380-7. (10-0). No. Failed 147-267. (3-8). funding National Science Foundation. No. Oil policy: To designate Federal Trade To limit to 30 minutes all debate on F-18 Passed 321-79. (5-5). Commission to administer energy efficiency amendment to Defense Appropriations bill. Oil policy: To further consider Energy standards for appliances. Yes. Passed 214-165. Yes. Failed 187-223. (9-2). Conservation and Oil Policy Act. Yes. Passed (5-5). Amendment to cut $58.2 million from 351-44. (10-0). Oil policy: To delete mandatory standards $122.4 million request for F-18 production. Oil policy: To limit debate on amendment for appliance efficiency. No. Failed 146-243. No. Failed 173-243. (3-8). seeking to strike oil pricing provisions from (4-6). To prohibit use of Defense bill"s funds to t.he bill. Yes. Passed 262-125. (8-2). Oil policy: To delete FEA authority to pro­ move National Oceanographic Office from Oil policy: To maintain customary pricing hibit power plants from burning natural gas. Maryland to Mississippi. Yes. Passed 219-193. levels among the different refiners and estab­ No. Failed 93-300. (0-10). (3-8). lish equitable distribution system among all Oil policy: To provide $750 million each To prohibit use of bill's funds for closing users. Yes. Passed 235-155. ( 4-6). year for private industry to start liquefac­ defense installations in Philadelphia and Oil policy: To strike enacting clause. No tion and gasification of coal. No. Failed 154- elsewhere, as specified. No. Failed 130-274. Failed 123-268. (3-7). 211. (3-7). (0-10). Oil policy: To strike exemption to small To adopt rule on H.R. 6227, "Representa­ Amendment to prohibit use of funds to refineries from requirements of entitlements tion During Questioning." Yes. Passed 321- transfer National Oceanographic Office. Yes. program. No Failed 51-331. (0-10). 26. (7- 1). Failed 190-220. (1-9). 5080 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976 Final passage, $112 billion defense appro­ Pesticide, Rodenticlde Act for one year. Yes. Postal Service to deliver first class mall. No. priations for 15 months ($8.97 billion less Passed 329-80. ( 8-1) • Failed 68-319. (1-9). than DOD requests). Yes. Passed 353-61. To permit President to suspend enforce­ Motion to recommit Postal Reorganization (10-0). ment of 200-mile fish ing limit when deemed Act Amendments. Yes. Failed 129-250. (2-8). To authorize establishment of self-financ­ in national interest. DNV. Failed 128-196. Final passage, Postal Reorganization Act ing Beef Board to investigate price spread (2-5). Amendments, which provide for including between producer and retail prices of beef, To extend exclusive fishery zone from 12 entire Postal Service budget in the federal promote consumption of beef, conduct re­ to 200 miles. DNV. Passed 208-101. (6-1). budget. No. Passed 267-113. (8-2). search, and provide consumer information. To authorize $10 million for National Depository Institutions Amendments: to Yes. Passed 229-189. (9-2). Women's Conference. ( % required). No. strike permission for negotiable order with­ To limit arms shipments to Turkey to the Failed 233-157. (2-8). drawn.I accounts (checking accounts on $184.9 million contracted for by Turkey prior To reverse an FEC ruling to require filing which interest is paid). Yes. Passed 218-134. to February, 1975, and to require president campaign reports with Federal Elections (1 0-0). to certify easing of plight of Cyprus refugees Commission instead of Clerk of the House. Depository Amendments: to strike re­ before shipments could begin. Yes, Failed ( % required). Yes. Failed 220-169. (7-3). quirement of disclosure by census tract or 187-229. (6-5). To authorize $1.2 billion for heart, lung zip code the number and total dollar To permit Congress to veto arms shipments and blood research. Yes. Passed 375-5. amounts of mortgage loans. No. Failed 152- to Turkey within 60 days after president sub­ (10-0). 191. (9-1). mitted report on progress toward Cyprus set­ To recommit bill liberalizing retirement Depository Institutions: To apply mortgage tlement. Yes. Failed 190-223. (2-9). credit for National Guard technician serv­ disclosure requirements to just 20 standard To authorize partial lifting of embargo on ice. No. Failed 117-261. (2-8). metropolitan areas. No. Failed 165-167 (9-1). arms shipments to Turkey. No. Passed 237- To permit federal employes to seek elec­ Depository Institutions: Final passage, to 176. (6-5). tion and cn.mpaign for candidates for part­ extend interest rate regulatory authority and To adopt conference report on $49.3 billion time state and local offices. No. Failed 147- require disclosure of mortgage information. in FY 1976 to Department of Housing and 260. (4-7). Yes. Passed 177-147. (2-7). Urban Development. No. Passed 334-41. (9-2). To limit &cope of Hatch Act as it relates To make minor technical revisions in fed­ To concur in Senate amendment to add $50 to Postal Service empl'.)yes. No. Failed 81-327. eral rules of evidence. Yes. Passed 360- 0. million for public housing in HUD appro­ (0-10). t8-0). priations. No. Passed 202-174. (2-9). To permit voluntary political activity by To implement provisions of Patent Coop­ To prohibit EPA from promulgating any federal employes, but prohibit coercion or eration Treaty. Yes. Passed 349-5. (8-0). program to tax, limit or regulate parking intimidation of federal employes for political To authorize voluntary withholding of not required under subsequent legislation. purposes. Yes. Passed 288-119. (7-4). state income taxes for Members and con­ Yes. Passed 302-77. (11-0). To increase government share of cost of gressional employees. Yes. Passed 394-7. To regulate USDA concurrence in any EPA federal employe life insurance. No. Failed (11-0). action with respect to Federal Insecticide, 172-225. (2-8). To authorize $1.5 million to coordinate and Fungicide, Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Yes. To adopt rule on resolution disapproving Failed 167-175. (10-0). encourage direct marketing of agricultural a ruling by Federal Election Commission. products. Yes. Passed 299-95. (9-2). To extend for one year the existing FIFRA. Yes. Passed 390-8. (9-1). Yes. Failed 66-272. (10-0). To disapprove rule requiring candidates To adjust veterans death and disability To end GI Bill for persons entering services to file campaign documents in original form pensions and dependency and indemnity after Jan. 1, 1976, and abolish program by with FEC, rather than Clerk of the House compensation. Yes. Passed 400-0. (11-0). Dec. 31, 1987. Yes. Passed 298-106. (11-0). or Secretary of the Senate. Yes. Passed 257- Consumer Agency: To exempt small busi­ To provide tax exempt status for American 148. (8-3). nesses from the interrogatory powers of Falls Reservoir District bonds. Yes. Passed To strike from Consumer Product Safety Agency for Consumer Protection. Yes. Passed 286-111. (10-0). bill provisions for fiexibility in use of prod­ 401-6. (11-0). Veto override: National School Lunch Act uct safety laws. Yes. Failed 204-205. ( 11-0). Consumer Agency: To abolish all duplica­ and Child Nutrition Act Amendments. Yes. To provide congressional veto power on tive executive branch functions and transfer Passed 397-18. (9-0). each rule and regulation of Consumer Prod­ them to ACP. Yes. Passed 379-27. (11-0). To accept Senate language which would uct Safety Commission. Yes. Passed 224-180. Consumer Agency: To strike exemption reduce U.S. sovereignty over the Panama (10-1). from ACP purview labor injunction suits and Canal. No. Passed 212-101. (2-7). To permit private suits against Consumer others. Yes. Failed 175-233. (8-3). To consider extending U.S. fishing zone Product Safety Commission. No. Failed 166- Consumer Agency: Final passage, to create from 12 to 200 miles. Yes. Passed 360-47. 230. (4-7). an Agency for Consumer Protection to repre­ (11-0). On agreeing to a quorum call. Yes. Passed sent the interests of consumers before fed­ Construction Industry Collective Bargain­ 241-149. (8-3). eral agencies and the courts. Yes. Passed ing Act (companion to Common Situs Picket­ To strike from Consumer Product Safety 208-199. (2-9). ing bill). No. Passed 302-95. (1-10). bill authority for commission to conduct its To establish Office of Science and Tech­ To adopt rule on Military Construction Ap­ own civil litigation. Yes. Passed 209-195. nology to advise president. (A new agency). propriations for FY 1976 and transitional (10-1). No. Passed 362-28. (9-2). quarter. Yes. Passed 399-6. (10-0). To strike from Consumer Product Safety To adopt rule on extending Title V of Rural \ To adjourn from Oct. 9 to Oct. 20. No. bill flexibility in use of consumer product Development Act. Yes. Passed 372-1. (10-0). / Passed 263-136. (3-8). safety laws. Yes. Passed 204-198. (11-0). To consider Health Maintenance Organi­ To add to military construction appro­ Consumer Product Safety Commission zations. Yes. Passed 347-0. (10-0). priations $64.9 million for Uniformed Serv­ Improvements Act, final passage. Yes. Passed To extend Health Maintenance Organiza­ ices University of the Health Sciences. No. 313-86. (9-2). tions programs thl'ough 1980. Yes. Passed Failed 161-255. (4-6). To consider emergency rail jobs bill. Yes. 309-45. (10-1). Final passage, $3.88 billion for 15 months, Passed 369-23. (10-1). To permit Secretary of Commerce to accept military construction appropriations. Yes. To authorize $240 milllon for wages for state population data. Yes. Passed 356-2. Passed 353-51. (10-0). repair and rehabilitation of railroad road­ (11-0). To limit to two years the authority to beds and facilities. Yes. Passed 261-129. To extend through Sept. 30, 1977, Title V commit technicians to the Sinai early-warn­ (3-8). rural development and small farm research ing stations. No. Failed 122-287. (4-6). To permit federal employes under inves­ and extension programs. Yes. Passed 323-11. To authorize stationing of up to 200 U.S. tigation to have lawyer present during ques­ (10-0). volunteer civilian technicians to man elec­ tioning. Yes. Passed 217-163. (5-5). To call annual judicial conference to im­ tronic early-warning stations in the Sinai. To prohibit inadequate and misleading prove operation of courts in District of Co­ Yes. Passed 341-69. (9-1). lease information in lending. Yes. Passed lumbia. Yes. Passed 337-0. (8-0). Conference report suspending the duty on 339-41. ( 11-0) . To authorize an additional law clerk for graphite until June 30, 1978. Yes. Passed 383- To establish National Center for Produc­ nine judges in District of Columbia Court 10. (7-0). tivity and Quality of Working Life. (A new of Appeals. Yes. Passed 310-21. (10-0). To require USDA concurrence for any ac­ agency) No. Passed 208-188. (2-9). To authorize transfer of certain land from tion proposed by EPA with respect to Federal To consider increasing public debt ceiling U.S. to D.C. Redevelopment Land Agency. Insecticide, etc., Act. Yes. Failed 164-233. to $597 billion. Yes. Passed 320-70. (10-0). Yes. Passed 341-0. (10-0). (8-1). To increase public debt celling to $597 bil­ To retain federal enclave within National To permit EPA to require private applica­ lion. No. Failed 178-21'l. (1-9). Capitol Service Area. Yes. Passed 201-150. tors (of insecticides, etc.) to complete non­ To authorize $1.5 billion in addition to (10-0). examination training before certification. public service appropriations for Postal Serv­ To authorize and appropriate funds for Yes. Pas.sect 250-155. (7-2). ice. No. Failed 196-207. ( 4-6). operation of Corporation for Public Broad­ To amend and extend Federal Insecticide, To repeal -\ltatutes which permit only the casting. Yes. Passe1l 336-26. ( (10-0). March 2, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5081 Motion to recommit conference report on To designate 235,230 acres in Colorado as To authorize $5 million for National Wom­ Transportation Appropriations. Yes. Failed national forests. DNV. Passed 369-1. (9-0). en's Conference. No. Passed 252-162. (4-7). 158-231. (7-3). To continue nonrecognition of the annexa­ To permit otherwise qualified citizens To limit total obligation of highway funds tion of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by domiciled overseas to vote by absentee bal­ to $9 billion for 15 months. Yes. Passed 297- Soviet Union. Yes. Passed 407-0. (11-0). lot in federal elections. Yes. Passed 374-43. 95. (7-3). To adopt rule on New York City aid bill. (2-9). To condemn resolution adopted by United Yes. Passed 297-118. (11-0). To adopt conference report on common Nations which equated Zionism with racism. To provide loans up to $2.3 billion a year situs picketing bill. No. Passed 229-189. Yes. Passed 384--0. (10-0). for New York City. No. Passed 213-203. (0- (0-10). Budget: To reduce FY 1976 outlays $71.9 10). To adopt conference report on Interior Ap­ billion. No. Failed 127-283. (8-3). To adopt conference report extending De­ propriations. Yes. Passed 407-5. (11-0). Budget: To set spending levels to accom­ fense Production Act through FY1977. Yes. To strike $6 billion in loan guarantees in modate public service jobs and education Passed 404-4. (11-0). Energy Research and Development confer­ programs and for administration-requested To bar additional amendments to Tax Re­ ence report. Yes. Passed 263-140. (9-2). foreign military and economic aid to meet form Act. Yes. Passed 219-197. (3-8). To strike oil shale program from ERDA bill. terms of Sinai agreement. Yes. Passed 213- Tax Reform Act: To strike provision per­ Yes. Passed 283-117. (10-1). 203. (3-8). mitting capi·tal loss carryback. (Perot amend­ To adopt conference report on Second Con­ Budget: To lower spending levels, and the ment) Yes. Passed 379-27. (10-1). current Budget Resolution. No. Passed 189- projected deficit level to $467 billion. No. Tax Reform Act; Motion to kill the bill. 187. (2-9). Failed 159-257. (7-4). No. Failed 60-355. (0-11). To adopt conference report on Public Budget: Final passage, Second Budget Res­ Tax Reform Act: To limit artificial loss Works appropriations. Yes. Passed 339-31. olution, setting ceilings on spending and fioor real estate tax write-offs. Yes. Failed 192- (8-2). on revenues. Yes. Passed 225-191. (3-8). 226. (1-10). To adopt conference report on Defense Ap­ To bar amendments to Temporary Increase Tax Reform Act: To increase number of propriations. Yes. Passed 314-57. (11-0). in Public Debt Ceiling. Yes. Passed 221- 185. tax preference income items subject to min­ To extend Renegotiation Board through (4-6). imum tax. (Strengthen minimum tax) Yes. June, 1976. Yes. Passed 395-5. (10-0). To consider debt ceiling bill. Yes. Passed Passed 314-107. (10-1). To require interest on U.S. deposits in com­ 257-149. (8-2). Tax Reform Act: To strike limitation on mercial banks. Yes. Passed 391-0. (11-0). To increase public debt ceiling to $595 artificial losses, minimum tax on individuals, To forbid TV blackout of sold-out sports billion. No. Passed 213-198. (2-9). and substitute Minimum Taxable Income events. Yes. Passed 363-40. (9-1). To prohibit food stamps to any family with concept. (Weakening amendment) No. Failed To reduce from $2.3 billion to $1.3 billion above-poverty income. No. Failed 159-230. 85-334. (1-10). funds for New York City. Yes. Failed 187- (10-1). Tax Reform Act: To strike elimination of 219. (10-0). Supplemental appropriations: $7 .93 billion withholding tax on portfolio income. Yes. To adopt conference report on $10.43 bil­ for 15 months to various departments and Passed 301-119. (11-0). lion supplemental appropriations. No. Passed agencies. Yes. Passed 334-47. (10-1). Tax Reform Act: To revise base period for 275-130. (2-8). To designate U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv­ calculating Domestic International Sales Oil Policy Act: To strilrn from conference ice sole agency for administering National Corporations benefits. Yes. Failed 199-223. report $130 million for advancing auto tech­ Wildlife Refuge System. Yes. Passed 341-10. (5-6). nology. Yes. Passed 300-103. (10-0). (9-0). Tax Reform Act: To instruct Ways and Oil Policy Act: To end deb'ate on Oil Pol­ To extend for two years programs aimed Means to add $395 billion spending ceiling. icy Act. Yes. Passed 215-179. (7-3). at maintaining the national defense produc­ Yes. Failed 202-220. (8-3). Oil Policy: To adopt conference report, tion base. DNV. Passed 318-1. (8-0). Tax Reform Act: Passage of the bill to thereby pass Energy Conservation and Oil To amend Real Estate Settlement Proce­ close some tax loopholes, revise taxation of Policy Act. Yes. Passed 236-160. (8-2). dures Act (RESPA), repealing most of its some forms of income, simplify certain tax To recommit Beef Research and Informa­ provisions. Yes. Passed 379-21. (11-0). deductions and credits. No. Passed 257-168. tion Act to conference. Yes. Passed 263-112. Fair Credit: To prohibit sellers from (7-4). (6-4). imposing surcharge on credit card purchases. Motion to recommit (kill) conference re­ To permit open production of rice at 60 % Yes. Passed 398-3. (11-0). port on Health, Education, and Welfare ap­ of parity. No. Failed 87-310. (3-8). To require approval of Asst. Secretary of propriations. No. Failed 156-265. (3-8). To recommit Rice Production Act. Yes. Defense for tax-free disability retirement for To adopt conference report on $45 billion Failed 102-311. (6-5). medical officer. Yes. Passed 398-4. (11-0). (15 months) for Health, Education, and Wel­ To establish two-ye·ar rice production pro­ To authorize bonus pay to nuclear-quali­ fare. Yes. Passed 321-91. (9-2). gram without market quotas, loans at $6 fied and medical officers. Yes. Passed 372-34. To lessen anti-busing restrictions in HEW per hundredweight. No. Passed 311-104. (2- (11-0). appropriations bill. No. Failed 133-259. (3-8). 9). To increase per diem allowances for mili­ To stop HEW from busing children outside To adopt conference report extending 1975 tary personnel. Yes. Passed 351-55. (11-0). neighborhood to achieve racial balance in tax cut for six months ( % required). Yes. To limit pay for unused leave to 60 days. schools. Yes. Passed 260-146. (11-0). Failed 256-160. (8-3) Later passed by voice Yes. Passed 399-3. (11-0). To remove $560 million limitation of lia­ vote). To authorize $3.59 billion for military con­ bility for nuclear accident. Yes. Failed 176- To bar amendment to attach spending ceil­ struction and family housing. Yes. Passed 217. (1-9). ing to tax cut extension. Yes. Passed 232-178. 349-59. (11-0). To permit public to challenge constitu­ (6-5). To authorize $869.9 million for State De­ tionality of nuclear liability limit. Yes. Failed To strike office of public counsel from Rail­ partment, foreign building program, and 1~1-225. (2-7). road Revitalization and Reform Act. DNV. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Yes. To assure funds for claims arising from nu­ Failed 187-224. (6-4). Passed 358-52. (10-2). clear accidents. Yes. Passed 329-61. (9-0). To disallow small freight forwarders to To adopt conference report on education To consider increased U.S. participation in contract with railroads. Yes. Passed 222-196. of handicapped children. Yes. Passed 404- Inter-American Development Bank. Yes. (10-0). 7. (10-1). Passed 353-24. (9-0). To limit debate on Railroad Act. Yes. To permit farmers to self-certify com­ Motion to recommit above. Yes. Failed 140- Passed 258-161. (11-0). petence to use certain pesticides if they have 276. (7-3). To reduce to 50 % federal subsidies to completed non-testing course. Yes. Passed To authorize $2.25 billion for Inter-Ameri­ communter rail service. Yes. Failed 181-231. 334-76. (11-0). can Development Bank Shares. No. Passed (6-5). To create Hells Canyon Recreation Area in 249-166. (4-6). To set dairy support price at 85 % or parity. Idaho. Yes. Passed 342-53. (10-0). To provide $3.07 billion Foreign Aid. No. Yes. Passed 307-111. (9-2). To increase federal share of financial aid Passed 265-150. (2-7). To authorize four-year funding of Cor­ poration for Public Broadcasting. Yes. to community action agencies. No. Passed To revise bankruptcy laws, making changes 244-172. (0-11). Passed 313-72. (9-2). applicable only to cities of more than 1 Veto: To override presidential veto of tax To extend for three years various service million. No. Failed 145-264. (3-8). programs for the elderly. Yes. Passed 404- cut extension. ( % required). Yes. Failed 6. (11-0). To revise bankruptcy laws, directing Fed­ 265-157. (9-2). To revise procedures for holding hearings eral courts to supervise settlements between To eliminate discretionary highway funds on previously denied applications for social cities and creditors. Yes. Passed 373-29. for completing gaps in interstate system. No. security benefits and to expedite appeals. (11-0). Failed 103-309. (0-10). DNV. Passed 370-0. (9-0). To consider National Women's Conference To specify new cost estimating procedure To permit indemnity protection for foreign bill. Yes. Passed 369-71. (11-0). for substitute highway projects. No. Failed art exhibits in U.S. DNV. Passed 253-116. To consider Overseas Citizens Voting 122-294. (2-9). (5-4). Rights Act. Yes. Passed 394-7. (11-0). To reduce maximum truck weight limit on 5082 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 2, 1976 highways to 73,280 pounds. No. Failed 139- Final passage, Airport and Airways Devel­ To expedite consideration of reports. Yes. 275. (0-11). opment Act. Yes. Passed. 368-18. (11-0). Passed. 247-142. (9-2). To permit urban officials to submit state­ To ease PSRO requirement.a tor review o! To meet Tuesdays and Fridays, Dec. 19 rejected program plans directly to Dept. ot Medlca.re hospital admissions. Yes. Passed through Dec. 31. Subsequently, stalemate on Transportation. No. Fa.lled. 121-290. (0-11). 371-16. (11-0). tax cut extension wa.s broken and House ad· Final passage, Federal-Aid Highway Act. journed sine die. Yes. Passed 255-139. (9-2). Yes. Passed. 410-7. (11-0). To revise procedures for holding Social On agreeing to spending language to ac­ To permit use of trust fund money for air­ Security hearings and appeals. Yes. Passed company tax cut extension. Yes. Passed 372- port terminal development. Yes. Passed. 246- 380-0. (11-0). 10. (11-0). 138. (10-1). To postpone attempt to override veto of To adopt conference report on Railroad To prohibit Concorde SST from landing 1n Health, Education. and Welfare appropria­ Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act. U.S. No. Passed 199-188. (0-11). tions. Yes. Passed 319-71. (10-1). No. Passed 205-150. (3-8).