2 Robert G. Bailey Ecoregions The Ecosystem Geography of the Oceans and Continents
Illustrations by Lev Ropes
With 106 illustrations, with 55 in color.
Springer Contents
Preface v
Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Concepts of ecosystem regions, or ecoregions. Need for a compara- tive system of generic regions. The process of defining. The role of climate. Macroclimate.
Chapter 2 Oceanic Types and Their Controls 1 1 Factors controlling ocean hydrology. Latitude. Major wind sys- tems. Precipitation and evaporation. Types of hydrologic zones, or oceanic ecoregions. Dietrich's oceanographic classification. Distribution of the oceanic regions.
Chapter 3 The Ecoregions of the Oceans 21 500 Polar domain. 510 Inner polar division. 520 Outer polar divi- sion. 600 Temperate domain. 610 Poleward westerlies division and 620 Equatorward westerlies division. 630 Subtropical division. 640 High salinity subtropical division. 650 Jet stream division. 660 Poleward monsoon division. 700 Tropical domain. 710 Trop- ical monsoon division. 720 High salinity tropical monsoon division. 730 Poleward trades division. 740 Trade winds division. 750 Equatorward trades division. 760 Equatorial countercurrent divi- sion.
VII viii Contents
Chapter 4 Continental Types and Their Controls 33 The controls of macroclimate. Latitude. Thermally defined zones. Moisture-defined zones. Continental position. Combined latitude (thermal) and moisture considerations. Modified by altitude. Types of ecoclimatic zones, or continental ecoregions. The Koppen- Trewartha classification of climates. Distribution of the continental regions.
Chapter 5 Ecoregions of the Continents: The Polar Ecoregions 51 100 Polar domain. 110 Icecap division. 120 Tundra division. 130 Subarctic division.
Chapter 6 The Humid Temperate Ecoregions 63 200 Humid temperate domain. 210 Warm continental division. 220 Hot continental division. 230 Subtropical division. 240 Ma- rine division. 250 Prairie division. 260 Mediterranean division.
Chapter 7 The Dry Ecoregions 85 300 Dry domain. 310 Tropical/subtropical steppe division. 320 Tropical/subtropical desert division. 330 Temperate steppe divi- sion. 340 Temperate desert division.
Chapter 8 The Humid Tropical and Mountain Ecoregions 105 400 Humid tropical domain. 410 Tropical savanna division. 420 Rainforest division. M Mountains with altitudinal zonation. Pat- tern within zones. Boundaries between zones.
Chapter 9 Summary and Conclusion 133 Contents
Appendix A Air Masses and Frontal Zones 135
Appendix B Common and Scientific Names 137
Appendix C Conversion Factors 141
Glossary of Technical Terms 143
Selected Bibliography 153
About the Author 165
Index 167
Plate 1 Ecoregions of the Oceans Inside Back Cover Plate 2 Ecoregions of the Continents Inside Back Cover