A Philippine American Experience A Study of Filipino Diaspora in the U.S.

Rev. Lorenzo “Bong” M. Collado, Jr Filipino Pioneers of America

Ø 1521: Magellan landed, anchored and held Easter Sunday Mass in Cebu Ø 1565: Spanish Conquestadores came to rule the Philippines Ø 1565-1815, during the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade, Filipinos were forced to work as sailors and navigators Ø October 18, 1587 Filipinos were in Morro Bay along California coast.

Ø 1607: English Colonists Arrive at Jamestown

Ø Spanish colonists bring Filipinos and Mexicans to North American through the Galleon Trade

Ø 1763: Filipinos desert Spanish ship in New Orleans, establish first Filipino community in U.S. in Louisiana bayou.

Ø 1763: Filipino Americans arrived in the new world establishing settlement. Ø 1781: Antonio Miranda Rodriguez one of 44 poblador to establish Los Angeles.

Ø 1848, "Manila Men; were the majority of miners at Tulitos one of the earliest gold mining camps in Mariposa county during the California Gold Rush. American Experience in the Philippines Americans in the Philippines

Ø The Spanish American War of 1898

Ø Filipinos proclaimed the establishment of the Republic of the Philippines on June 12, 1898

Ø December,1898: Spain ceding the Phillipines to the U.S. in exchange for $20,000

Ø Filipino American War began shortly after U.S. colonization Ø The War lasted from 1898 to 1902

Ø 70,000 Americans died

Ø 2 million Filipinos were killed.

Ø American soldiers were ordered to shoot and kill every one over age 10. Filipino soldeirs killed during the Battle of Manila Filipino Experience with Americans Benevolent Assimilation

Ø Americans encouraged Filipinos to be educated

Ø Thomasites arrived in the Philippines

Ø Two landed in Zamboanga among Subanons

Ø Introduction of C&MA among this tribal group.

Trends In Immigration

Foreign Born Population by Region of Birth Top Twenty Country of Birth of Immigrants Admitted: 1992-97

Others

Ira n 1992 United Kingdom

Peru Ø Philippines constitutes the Canada

1993 nd Poland 2 highest foreign born Pakistan Population in the US Colombia

1994 Korea Haiti Ø Second after Mexico Ukraine

Russia 1995 Jam aica Ø El Salvador Growth of 82% over a 10-

Dominican year period Republic 1996 Cuba

In d ia Vietnam China 1997

Philippines

Mexico 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 Filipino Immigration to U.S. Fiscal Years 1931-98 1931-40 528 1941-50 4,691 1961-70 98,376 1971-80 354,987 1981-90 548,764 1997-98 435,058 Total 1,442,204 Filipino Population in the Top 20 Largest Cities: 1990 Census

City No. of Filipinos Rank Los Angeles, CA 88,889 2 San Diego, CA 63,150 6 New York City, NY 45,645 1 San Francisco, CA 40,977 14 San Jose, CA 37,467 11 Chicago, IL 29,309 3 Jacksonville, FL 6,689 15 Houston, TX 6,077 4 Philadelphia, PA 4,307 5 Phoenix, AZ 2,963 9 Washington DC 2,065 19 San Antonio, TX 1,953 10 Detroit, MI 1,738 7 Dallas, TX 1,589 8 Baltimore, MD 1,243 12 Boston, MA 1,212 20 Indianapolis, IN 995 13 Columbus, OH 887 16 Milwaukee, WI 852 17 Memphis, TN 403 18

Top 20 Metropolitan Area Choice of Intended Residence Admitted in 1997

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA 6,281 Orange County, CA 994 Honolulu, HI 3,126 Riverside-San Bernardino CA 874

San Diego, CA 2,784 Jersey, City, NJ 607

San Francisco, CA 2,685 Las Vegas, NV 580

Chicago, IL 2,553 Houston, TX 505

Oakland, CA 2,519 Sacramento, CA 503

New York, NY 2,111 Bergen-Passaic, NJ 502

Sam Jose, CA 2,076 Newark, NJ 463

Washington DC-MD-VA 1,228 Philadelphia, PA-NJ 414

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA 1,021 Ventura, CA 373 Major Occupation Group of Filipinos Admitted in the U.S.

Professional specialty and technical 6,184

Service 3,767

Executive, administrative and managerial 2,515

Operator, fabricator, laborer 1,483

Farming, forestry, fishing 1400

Administrative support 1293

Precision production, craft and repair 835

Sales 650 Age and Gender

Ø Median age: 32 Ø Majority 15-19 years Ø Then 25-29 Ø Then 30-34 Ø Then 10-14 Money Income of Household v Asian households have highest income v The median income of Asian household is $42,900 v Median income for all households is $35,500

Adjustments, Adaptation, and Acculturation v The Americanized immigrant v The “Immigrant-in-America” immigrant v The “Mosaic” or “Stew-Pot” immigrant v The Marginal Immigrant v The Cosmopolitan Immigrant v Mixed Adaptation Filipino Character Traits in Contradiction

v Malay influence

v Spanish influence

v American influence Religious Background

§ 80% Roman Catholics

§ 13% Protestants

§ 7% non-evangelical churches like Muslims and Buddhists Filipino Diaspora in the U.S.