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Revised Instrumental Hypocpnters and Correlation Off Earthquake Locations and Tectonics in the Central United States

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Revised Instrumental Hypocpnters and Correlation Off Earthquake Locations and Tectonics in the Central United States Revised Instrumental Hypocpnters and Correlation off Earthquake Locations and Tectonics in the Central United States U^, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1364 AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the cur­ rent-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Sur­ vey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that are listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" are no longer available. Prices of reports released to the open files are given in the listing "U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports," updated month­ ly, which is for sale in microfiche from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL , OVER THE COUNTER Books Books Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications of general in- Books of the U.S. Geological Survey are available over the terest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single copies of Earthquakes counter at the following Geological Survey Public Inquiries Offices, all & Volcanoes, Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, and some mis- of which are authorized agents of the Superintendent of Documents: cellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtainable by mail from WASHINGTON, D.C.--Main Interior Bldg., 2600 corridor, 18th and C Sts., NW. U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports DENVER, Colorado-Federal Bldg., Rm. 169,1961 Stout St. Federal Center, Box 25425 LOS ANGELES, California-Federal Eldg., Rm. 7638,300 N. Denver, CO 80225 Los Angeles St. MENLO PARK, Callfornia-Bldg. 3 (Stop 533), Rm. 3128, Subscriptions to periodicals (Earthquakes & Volcanoes and 345 Middlefield Rd. Preliminary Determination of Epicenters) can be obtained ONLY from RESTON, Virginia- 503 National Center, Rm. 1C402,12201 the Sunrise Valley Dr. SALT LAKE CITY, Utah-Federal Bldg., Rm. 8105,125 Superintendent of Documents South State St. Government Printing Office SAN FRANCISCO, California-Customhouse, Rm. 504,555 Washington, D.C. 20402 Battery St. SPOKANE, Washington~U.S. Courthouse, Rm. 678, West (Check or money order must be payable to Superintendent of Docu- 920 Riverside Ave.. ments.) ANCHORAGE, Alaska~Rm. 101,4230 University Dr. ANCHORAGE, Alaska-Federal Bldg, Rm. E-146, 701 C St. Maps For maps, address mail orders to U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution Maps Federal Center, Box 25286 Maps may ^ purchased over the counter at the U.S. Geologi- Denver, CO 80225 caj Survey offices where books are sold (all addresses in above list) and at the following Geological Survey offices: Residents of Alaska may order maps from ROLLA, Missouri-1400 Independence Rd. Alaska Distribution Section, U.S. Geological Survey, . DENVER, Colorado-Map Distribution, Bldg. 810, Federal New Federal Building - Box 12 Center 101 Twelfth Ave., Fairbanks, AK 99701 . FAIRBANKS, Alaska-New Federal Bldg., 101 Twelfth Ave. Revised Instrumental Hypocenters and Correlation of Earthquake Locations and Tectonics in the Central United States By DAVID W. GORDON U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1364 New determinations of hypocenters and magnitudes of instrumentally recorded earthquakes, 1931-1980, in the central United States, and an investigation of the association of seismicity with geologic structure in the region UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1988 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gordon, David W., 1931- Revised instrumental hypocenters and correlation of earthquake locations and tectonics in the central United States. (Geological Survey professional paper ; 1364) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.16:1364 1. Earthquakes Middle West Location. 2. Earthquakes Southern States Location. 3. Earthquakes Great Plains Location. 4. Geology Middle West. 5. Geology Southern States. 6. Geology Great Plains. I. Title. II. Series. QE75.P9 no. 1364 557.3 s 86-600412 [QE535.2.U6 [551.2'2'0977] For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. CONTENTS Page Abstract ........................................... 1 Results Continued Introduction ....................................... 1 Seismotectonics in the Southern Mississippi Valley Zone 30 Seismic source zones ............................... 3 Revised hypocenters in the Ouachita Zone ............ 31 Data sources ..................................... 3 The Gurdon Subzone ............................. 32 Acknowledgments ................................. 5 Seismotectonics in the Ouachita Zone ................ 32 Tectonics .......................................... 5 Revised hypocenters in the Wichita Zone ............. 33 Methods ........................................... 10 Seismotectonics in the Wichita Zone ................. 34 Travel times ...................................... 10 Revised hypocenters in the Northern Great Plains Zone . 35 Weights and confidence regions ..................... 11 Seismotectonics in the Northern Great Plains Zone ..... 36 Computational procedures and options ................ 11 Revised hypocenters in the Great Lakes Zone ......... 37 Magnitude computations ........................... 13 Seismotectonics in the Great Lakes Zone ............. 37 Results ............................................ 13 Revised hypocenters in the West Texas Zone .......... 39 Revised hypocenters in the New Madrid Zone ......... 14 The Kermit Subzone ............................. 41 The Tiptonville Subzone .......................... 15 The Snyder Subzone ............................. 42 The Blytheville Subzone .......................... 20 Seismotectonics in the West Texas Zone .............. 42 The Tamms Subzone ............................. 20 Revised hypocenters in the Gulf Zone ................ 44 Seismotectonics in the New Madrid Zone ............. 20 Statistics .......................................... 44 Revised hypocenters in the Ozark Zone ............... 23 Old and new hypocenters ........................... 45 The Ironton Subzone ............................. 24 Hypocenter accuracy ............................... 46 Seismotectonics in the Ozark Zone ................... 25 Magnitudes and completeness ....................... 47 Revised hypocenters in the Wabash Zone ............. 26 Seismicity and plate tectonics ......................... 50 The Eldorado Subzone ........................... 26 The plate-tectonic model ............................ 51 Seismotectonics in the Wabash Zone ................. 26 Revised epicenters and ancient plate tectonics ......... 51 Revised hypocenters in the Kentucky Zone ............ 26 Historic earthquakes and ancient plate tectonics ....... 54 Seismotectonics in the Kentucky Zone. ............... 29 Discussion ....................................... 57 Revised hypocenters in the Southern Mississippi Valley Summary and conclusions ............................ 58 Zone ........................................ 29 References cited .................................... 59 The Hemphill Subzone ........................... 29 Appendix .......................................... 65 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE The region of investigation and epicenters of relocated earthquakes (mb(Lg)>3.0) in the central United States .... 2 Seismic source zones, subzones, and epicenters of relocated earthquakes (mb(L )>3.0) ......................... 4 Representative seismograph stations (triangles) used in the relocation of central United States earthquakes (1931-1980) 5 Selected microearthquake networks in the central United States ........................................... 6 Selected Phanerozoic basins, uplifts, and fault zones in the central United States ............................ 7 Selected ancient plate-tectonic elements in the central United States ....................................... 9 Revised epicenters and nominal 95-percent-confidence ellipses of earthquakes (mb(L )>3.0) in the New Madrid Zone 14 Revised epicenters of earthquakes (mb(L )>3.0) in the New Madrid Zone .................................... 16 A. From 1938 through 1962 .................................................................. 16 B. From 1963 through 1969 .................................................................. 17 C. From 1970 through May 1974 ............................................................. 18 D. From June 1974 through 1980 .... v ....................................................... 19 9. Revised epicenters of earthquakes (mb(L )>3.0) and selected tectonic elements in
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