2015 Community Benefit Report

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2015 Community Benefit Report February 2016 2015 Community Benefit Report Minnesota’s hospitals: Supporting physical and mental health Minnesota’s hospitals: Supporting physical and mental health Minnesota hospitals’ community contributions total $4.3 billion Minnesota’s hospitals and health systems are In 2014, Minnesota hospitals and health systems a plan to address those needs in the years driven by a mission to provide high-quality health provided more than $4.3 billion in contributions ahead. Through these Community Health Needs care that extends beyond the hospital’s walls. to their communities – an increase of 4.6 percent Assessments, hospitals are able to develop tailored As nonprofits, Minnesota hospitals are dedicated compared to 2013 – while providing care for 532,858 approaches that are as unique and diverse as the to promoting and improving the health of local inpatient admissions, more than 12 million outpatient communities themselves. communities and their residents by providing a registrations and more than 1.8 million emergency range of vital services to meet the unique needs of room visits. Hospitals understand they play a critical role in the communities they serve. These include free or strengthening the health of Minnesota’s communities discounted care for the uninsured, under-insured or As hospitals focus on improving the quality of and are working to promote healthier lifestyles government-insured residents; community health patient care, reducing the cost of care and ultimately through programs designed to get people to services and initiatives; health education and improving the health of Minnesotans, the delivery of increase their physical activity, eat the right foods wellness programs; and more. health care is also changing. A decrease in inpatient and manage their health. hospital admissions means health systems are delivering more care in clinics and outpatient settings Hospitals also serve thousands of patients What are community benefits? along with an increasing focus on prevention and experiencing mental illness and other related Community benefits are health care-related improving health in the community. conditions. From providing inpatient acute care to services that Minnesota’s nonprofit hospitals offering outpatient therapy to partnering with local provide – often with little or no compensation As part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), each community services, hospitals are involved at every – to address critical needs in the community. charitable hospital assesses the health needs of its level of mental health care delivery. These services include: community, prioritizes those needs and develops y Health services to vulnerable or This report shares just a few examples of the many underserved people Put into perspective, the $164 million ways Minnesota’s hospitals are strengthening y Financial or in-kind support of public health in charity care provided by hospitals healthy communities. The report covers community programs is equivalent to the following: benefit contributions made by Minnesota’s hospitals y in 2014, the most recent year of available data. Health education screening and prevention 330,544 FREE emergency services department visits OR y Medical research projects Table of contents y Physician and other caregiver training 1,623,263 FREE hospital Minnesota hospitals’ 2014 initiatives physician clinic visits community contributions .................... 3 Minnesota’s hospitals provide these benefits OR Hospital stories ....................................... 4 through financial assistance, charity care and 2014 community contributions subsidies for services otherwise not available 1,214,442 FREE digital by region .......................................... 14 in the community, among other things. mammograms Glossary ............................................... 20 Minnesota Hospital Association 1 2015 Community Benefit Report Overview Uncompensated care — $589 million help train doctors, nurses and other highly skilled programs do not reimburse hospitals the full Every day, hospitals provide health care services health care professionals to serve our residents. amount it costs the hospitals to provide the regardless of patients’ ability to pay. In 2014, care. In 2014, such government underfunding to Research — $235 million Minnesota hospitals provided $589 million to Minnesota hospitals exceeded $2.3 billion, or 10 In 2014, Minnesota hospitals spent $235 million patients who did not have health insurance or the percent of the hospitals’ operating expenses. on research to support the development of better means to pay for their care. In the past five years, medical treatments and to find cures for diseases. uncompensated care has increased 19 percent. We hope the stories in this report will inspire you This uncompensated care includes “charity care” Government underfunding — to support local hospitals so they can continue for patients from whom there is no expectation $2.3 billion providing the critical community health care of payment and “bad debt,” the result of patients When hospitals treat patients on Medicare services that improve health, access to care and who could not or did not pay their share of the or Medicaid, those government health care quality of life in our communities. hospital bill. The overall cost of charity care decreased in 2014 due to ACA implementation as more Minnesotans secured health insurance, Hospital community contributions Trends in uncompensated care a priority long supported by MHA. The amount 2010-2014 2010-2014 600 of bad debt increased, however, making 575 $589 m uncompensated care a continuing concern for 550 $573 m hospitals. The main driver of increasing bad debts 4.4 525 4.2 500 $521 m $4.3 b $509 m is high-deductible health plan amounts owed by 4.0 $4.2 b 475 $496 m 3.8 450 patients that go unpaid. $3.9 b 3.6 425 $3.6 b Services responding to specific 3.4 400 3.2 $3.4 b 375 community needs — $402 million 3.0 350 Health screenings, health education, health fairs, 2.8 325 2.6 300 immunization clinics, subsidized health services in millions in millions 2.4 275 and other community outreach programs fall under 2.0 250 this category, which totaled $402 million in 2014. 1.8 225 1.6 200 1.4 175 Education and workforce development 1.2 150 1.0 125 — $419 million 0.8 100 Minnesota’s health care workforce cares for an 0.6 75 increasingly diverse population, as well as an 0.4 50 0.2 25 increasing percentage of residents over age 65. 0 0 In 2014, Minnesota hospitals spent $419 million to 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Minnesota Hospital Association 2 2015 Community Benefit Report Minnesota hospitals’ 2014 community contributions Charity care ..........................................................................................$ 163,949,606 Costs in excess of Medicaid payments .............................................$ 758,581,045 Medicaid surcharge .............................................................................$ 151,901,321 MinnesotaCare tax...............................................................................$ 271,665,921 Other costs in excess of public program payments ..........................$ 23,950,162 Community services and benefit operations ......................................$ 53,794,290 Subsidized health services.................................................................$ 348,072,097 Education and workforce development ............................................$ 418,839,809 Research ..............................................................................................$ 235,003,078 Cash and in-kind donations .................................................................$ 10,789,981 Total cost of community benefits (as defined by the IRS) .......................................................... $ 2,436,547,310 Percent of total operating expenses.............................................................. 10.9% Community building ................................................................................$ 5,405,560 Costs in excess of Medicare payments...........................................$1,481,969,303 Other care provided without compensation (bad debt) ...................$ 425,053,704 Total value of community contributions ............................. $ 4,348,975,877 Minnesota Hospital Association 3 2015 Community Benefit Report Rice Memorial Hospital’s ReYou Wellness Program brings community health initiatives to diverse populations The city of Willmar in west central Minnesota From the data has a large population of Hispanic and Somali obtained at these immigrants who may speak a language other biometric screenings, than English or may have cultural beliefs it became evident that do not align with preventative care. The that women, ReYou Wellness Program at Rice Memorial especially Somali Hospital is striving to bridge the barrier between women, were not Willmar’s diverse populations and the concept of exercising on a Oftentimes, these individuals struggle with weight community wellness. regular basis. The gain due to side effects from their medications, most common reason given was that they did such as exhaustion or decreased metabolism. ReYou began in 2013 as part of Allina Health’s not have a comfortable setting where they could “Healthy Community Partnership” grant program. exercise. Westwinds is a group home in Willmar that To reach Willmar’s minority population, ReYou houses up to 10 people experiencing mental coordinators enlisted the help of Willmar’s Adult To meet this
Recommended publications
  • Community Health Network, Inc
    PRELIMINARY OFFERING MEMORANDUM DATED FEBRUARY 1, 2018 NEW ISSUE Standard & Poor’s: “A” BOOK-ENTRY ONLY Moody’s: “A2” See “RATINGS” $202,000,000* COMMUNITY HEALTH NETWORK, INC. Taxable Bonds, Series 2018A Dated: date of delivery Due: as shown below Community Health Network, Inc., an Indiana nonprofit corporation (“CHNw”), will issue its Taxable Bonds, Series 2018A (the “Series 2018A Bonds”), pursuant to a Trust Indenture by and between CHNw and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (the “Bond Trustee”), dated as of February 1, 2018. Interest on the Series 2018A Bonds will accrue from their date of delivery and will be payable on May 1 and November 1 of each year, commencing May 1, 2018. See “SERIES 2018A BONDS−General.” The Series 2018A Bonds will be issued as fully registered bonds without coupons, in denominations of $1,000 or any integral multiple thereof, and, when issued, will be registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee for The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), New York, New York. DTC will act as the initial securities depository for the Series 2018A Bonds. So long as Cede & Co. is the registered owner of the Series 2018A Bonds, as nominee of DTC, references herein to the owners or holders of the Series 2018A Bonds mean Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC, and not the Beneficial Owners (as hereinafter defined) of the Series 2018A Bonds. See “SERIES 2018A BONDS–Book-Entry Only System.” The Series 2018A Bonds are general obligations of CHNw. Payment of the principal of and premium, if any, and interest on the Series 2018A Bonds is secured by certain payments to be made by the Obligated Group Members (as hereinafter defined) under a Master Note Obligation, Series 2018A (the “Series 2018A Note”), to be issued by CHNw under an Amended and Restated Master Trust Indenture by and between the Obligated Group Members and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor master trustee, dated as of November 27, 2012, as supplemented and amended to date.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDICAL RELIEF 2020-21 • Anjuman Islamia Medical and Social Service
    MEDICAL RELIEF 2020-21 Anjuman Islamia Medical and Social Service Society, Ranchi – East Central Zone – Jamshedpur DO Anjuman Islamia Medical and Social Service Society hospital caters to all sections of people at affordable cost. Hospital has facility of general medicine, general surgery, orthopedic, pediatric, gynecology, skin, ENT, physiotherapy and dental health. Hospital has 40 doctors including 5 duty doctors and 66 other staff for taking care of the patients. On an average 250 to 350 patients per day are being treated at the hospital. 15 to 35 patients are treated free of cost per month. For poor patients the governing body helps with “Jakat”maximum Rs 10,000/- per patient. The project sought financial assistance for Cardio- Ambulance to bring patients and to refer critical patients to higher centre. Cardio – Ambulance will act as an extra ICU movable bed for the hospital. Financial assistance of ` 25,00,000/- has been provided for purchase of Ambulance. SDA Diamond Hospital & Medical Research Centre -Western Zone –Surat DO SDA – Diamond Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Surat founded in February 2014, is a multispecialty charitable trust hospital with 150 beds, 4 operation theatres including 2 modular OTs and 15 beds ICU and 16 beds NICU. Hospital’s high quality services attract patients from Surat and its periphery. On an average there is more than 70% occupancy in the hospital as inpatients, about 350-400 people come through the O.P.D daily for medical relief.They are offering free normal delivery if baby girl is born and for second baby girl they handover a Bond of Rs.
    [Show full text]
  • LIST of LICENSED BLOOD BANKS in INDIA * (February, 2015)
    LIST OF LICENSED BLOOD BANKS IN INDIA * (February, 2015) Sr. State Total No. of Blood Banks No. 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands 03 2. Andhra Pradesh 140 3. Arunachal Pradesh 13 4. Assam 76 5. Bihar 84 6. Chandigarh 04 7. Chhattisgarh 49 8. Dadra and Nagar Haveli 01 9. Daman and Diu 02 10. Delhi (NCT) 72 11. Goa 05 12. Gujarat 136 13. Haryana 79 14. Himachal Pradesh 22 15. Jammu and Kashmir 31 16. Jharkhand 54 17. Karnataka 185 18. Kerala 172 19. Lakshadweep 01 20. Madhya Pradesh 144 21. Maharashtra 297 22. Manipur 05 23. Meghalaya 07 24. Mizoram 10 25. Nagaland 06 26. Odisha(Orissa) 91 27. Puducherry 18 28. Punjab 103 29. Rajasthan 102 30. Sikkim 03 31. Tamil Nadu 304 32. Telangana 151 33. Tripura 08 34. Uttar Pradesh 240 35. Uttarakhand 24 36. West Bengal 118 Total 2760 * List as received from the Zonal / Sub-Zonal Offices of CDSCO. Sr. No Sr.No Name and address of the Blood bank Central-wise State-wise (1). ANDAMAN & NICOBAR 1. 1) M/s G.B Pant Hospital, Atlanta Point, Port Blair-744104 2. 2) M/s I.N.H.S. Dhanvantri, Minni Bay, Port Blair-744103 3. 3) M/s Pillar Health Centre, Lamba Line, P.B. No.526, P.O.- Junglighat, Port Blair-744103 (2). ANDHRA PRADESH 4. 1) A.P.Vidya Vidhana Parishad Community Hospital Blood Bank, Hospital Road, Gudur-524101, Nellore Dist. 5. 2) A.S.N. Raju Charitable Trust Blood Bank, Door No. 24-1-1, R.K. Plaza (Sarovar Complex), J.P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Community Benefit Standard for Non-Profit Hospitals: Which Community, and for Whose Benefit?
    Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015) Volume 23 Issue 2 Article 5 2007 The Community Benefit Standard for Non-Profit Hospitals: Which Community, and for Whose Benefit? Cecilia M. Jardon McGregor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/jchlp Recommended Citation Cecilia M. McGregor, The Community Benefit Standard for Non-Profit Hospitals: Which Community, and for Whose Benefit?, 23 J. Contemp. Health L. & Pol'y 302 (2007). Available at: https://scholarship.law.edu/jchlp/vol23/iss2/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy (1985-2015) by an authorized editor of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE COMMUNITY BENEFIT STANDARD FOR NON-PROFIT HOSPITALS: WHICH COMMUNITY, AND FOR WHOSE BENEFIT? Cecilia M. Jardon McGregor INTRODUCTION Patients often distinguish hospitals based on whether the care provided will be covered under their health insurance policy, if a particular doctor has privileges, or if the hospital is close and easily accessible to them.' Many patients need not worry about the financial impact of their choice of hospital beyond ensuring that their care will be covered by insurance. However, for patients without insurance or with inadequate insurance, choosing a hospital based only on doctors' privileges or location can have far-reaching and severe financial and legal consequences. For these patients, the hospital's corporate form and whether it qualifies as a charity for tax purposes can be most important. Non-profit hospitals and other health care facilities (non- profit health care organizations) that qualify as charities receive beneficial tax treatment from federal, state and local governments.
    [Show full text]
  • Liability of Charitable Associations in Ohio
    Case Western Reserve Law Review Volume 8 Issue 2 Article 8 1957 Liability of Charitable Associations in Ohio David Freed Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation David Freed, Liability of Charitable Associations in Ohio, 8 W. Rsrv. L. Rev. 194 (1957) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol8/iss2/8 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Law Review by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. WESTERN RESERVE LAW REVIEW [March Liability of Charitable Associations in Ohio INTRODUCTION The question of whether a charitable association should be immune from tort liability has created a great difference of opinion among Ameri- can courts. Unlike most problems in the field of torts, each side of -the question supports its arguments in what may be termed "social justice." Which view will better serve the needs of a complex modern community is the heart of the problem. Those who would grant immunity from tort liability point to the great community benefit flowing from these associations. They urge that by their very nature charities are entitled to every legal benefit which the courts can properly give them. It is their position that the charitable association will be better able to serve the general community if it is not hampered financially and administratively by tort claims.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMONSENSE Volume 20, Issue 1 January/February 2013
    THE NEWSLETTER OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE COMMONSENSE VOLUME 20, ISSUE 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2013 19th Annual Scientific Assembly www.AAEM.org Las Vegas, Nevada February 9-13, 2013 INSIDE President’s Message From the Editor’s On-site Desk Registration Washington Watch Available! Foundation Donations AAEM News Upcoming Conferences YPS News AAEM/RSA News Job Bank Celebrating Permit No. 1310 No. Permit WI ilwaukee, M ID PA S Postage S U 53202-3823 WI ilwaukee, M ail M Standard ells Street / Suite 1100 Suite / Street ells W ast E 555 Pre-Sorted E S SEN 1993-2013 COMMON JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2013 COMMONSENSE 1 COMMONSENSE Table of Contents President’s Message .........................................................................................................................3 From the Assistant Editor’s Desk .......................................................................................................4 Letters to the Editor – New! ...............................................................................................................5 Washington Watch ............................................................................................................................6 Foundation Donations .......................................................................................................................6 Officers AAEM News President William T. Durkin, Jr., MD MBA The Business of Emergency Medicine .....................................................................................9 Vice President Law
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Impact of Nosocomial Infections in the Intensive Care Units
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Glaucio de Oliveira Nangino1, Cláudio Dornas de Oliveira1, Paulo César Correia1, Noelle de Melo Financial impact of nosocomial infections in the Machado1, Ana Thereza Barbosa Dias1 intensive care units of a charitable hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil Impacto financeiro das infecções nosocomiais em unidades de terapia intensiva em hospital filantrópico de Minas Gerais 1. Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte - Belo Horizonte ABSTRACT who had nosocomial infections (MG), Brazil. associated with the intensive care unit. Objective: Infections in intensive The median cost per admission and the care units are often associated with a high length of stay for all the patients sampled morbidity and mortality in addition to were R$1.257,53 and 3 days, respectively. high costs. An analysis of these aspects Compared to the patients without an can assist in optimizing the allocation of infection, the patients with an infection relevant financial resources. had longer hospital stays (15 [11-25] Methods: This retrospective study versus 3 [2-6] days, p<0.01), increased analyzed the hospital administration costs per patient in the intensive care and quality in intensive care medical unit (median R$9.763,78 [5445.64 - databases [Sistema de Gestão Hospitalar 18,007.90] versus R$1.093,94 [416.14 - (SGH)] and RM Janus®. A cost analysis 2755.90], p<0.01) and increased was performed by evaluating the medical costs per day of hospitalization in the products and materials used in direct intensive care unit (R$618,00 [407.81 - medical care. The costs are reported in 838.69] versus R$359,00 [174.59 - the Brazilian national currency (Real).
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Healthy Communities Minnesota’S Hospitals: Strengthening Healthy Communities Minnesota Hospitals’ Community Contributions Total $4.2 Billion
    2014 Community Benefit Report Minnesota’s hospitals: Strengthening healthy communities Minnesota’s hospitals: Strengthening healthy communities Minnesota hospitals’ community contributions total $4.2 billion Minnesota’s hospitals and health systems are under-insured or government-insured residents; years ahead. Through these Community Health driven by a mission to provide high quality health community health services and initiatives; Needs Assessments, hospitals are able to develop care that extends beyond the hospital’s walls. health education and wellness programs; and tailored approaches that are as unique and diverse As nonprofits, Minnesota hospitals are dedicated more. In 2013, Minnesota hospitals provided as the communities themselves. to promoting and improving the health of local more than $4.2 billion in contributions to their communities and their residents by providing communities, while providing care for 549,605 We know that much of what influences our health a range of vital services to meet the unique inpatient admissions, more than 11.3 million happens outside of the doctor’s office — in needs of the communities they serve. These outpatient registrations and more than 1.8 million our schools, workplaces and neighborhoods. include free or discounted care for the uninsured, emergency room visits. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than half of all Americans As part of the Patient Protection and Affordable live with a preventable chronic disease, many of What are community benefits? Care Act (ACA), each charitable hospital partners which are related to obesity, poor nutrition and Community benefits are health care- with their community to assess the health needs lack of physical exercise.
    [Show full text]
  • AMA Journal of Ethics® March 2019, Volume 21, Number 3: E207-214
    AMA Journal of Ethics® March 2019, Volume 21, Number 3: E207-214 CASE AND COMMENTARY Should Hospital Emergency Departments Be Used as Revenue Streams Despite Needs to Curb Overutilization? Alex Myers, Aaron Cain, Berkeley Franz, PhD, and Daniel Skinner, PhD Abstract This case asks how a hospital should balance patients’ health needs with its financial bottom line regarding emergency department utilization. Should hospitals engage in proactive population health initiatives if they result in decreased revenue from their emergency departments? Which values should guide their thinking about this question? Drawing upon emerging legal and moral consensus about hospitals’ obligations to their surrounding communities, this commentary argues that treating emergency departments purely as revenue streams violates both legal and moral standards. Case General Hospital, located in a downtown urban center, serves a wide variety of patients from its immediate neighborhood and surrounding suburbs and counties. A significant percentage of the patient population is drawn from General’s adjacent blocks, where the community has high rates of poverty and crime and many residents tend to have poor health status. Traditionally, General’s programs offer charity care to local, underserved patients. Dr Z, a health professional and senior executive, meets quarterly with each department to discuss successes, challenges, and plans moving forward. One particular area of concern has been emergency department overutilization. During this meeting, Dr X, director of emergency medicine, and Dr Y, a third-year emergency medicine resident, propose a plan to address overutilization. Dr Y presents data on asthma-related emergency department visits, which illustrates that most patients with asthma-related complaints have lower-than-average household incomes and come from demographically similar neighborhoods within 3 miles of General’s campus.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Community Health Needs Assessment
    _____________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................................2 Overview of Providers, Services, and Facilities ..................................................................................3 Assessment Methodology ..................................................................................................................4 Demographic Information .................................................................................................................9 Health Indicators and Outcomes .......................................................................................................10 Survey Results ....................................................................................................................................16 Findings of Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group....................................................................40 Priority of Health Needs.....................................................................................................................46 Summary ............................................................................................................................................46 Appendix A – Survey Instruments ......................................................................................................49 Appendix B – Key Informants Participating in Interviews
    [Show full text]
  • Nonprofit Hospital Billing of Uninsured Patients: Consumer-Based Class Actions Move to State Courts
    NONPROFIT HOSPITAL BILLING OF UNINSURED PATIENTS: CONSUMER-BASED CLASS ACTIONS MOVE TO STATE COURTS David L. Nie• TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .•..••••••.••••.....•..•••••.•.•..••....••.....•••...•..•..•..••.......•••..•.. 173 II. A REVIEW OF NONPROFIT HOSPITALS AS TAX- EXEMPT 0RGANIZATIONS ............................................................... 178 A. Tax-Exempt Hospitals and the Provision ofCharity Care ....... l79 B. State and Local Interpretations ofCompeting Federal Standards for Tax-Exemption ..................................... l82 C. State Recognition ofthe Community Benefit Standard ................................................................................... 183 ill. RECENT SCRUTINY FROM THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES AND GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATIONS ............................ 186 A. Congressional Hearings Regarding the Tax-Exempt Health Sector ............................................................................ 186 B. State Legislatures Address the Charity Care Practices ofHospitals within Their Borders ........................................... 188 C. State Attorneys General Act on Their Role of Supervising Charitable Organizations ..................................... 189 D. Advocacy Groups Acting on behalfof Uninsured Patients ...... 190 IV. THE CONSUMER PROTECTION CLAIMS OF THE SUTTER HEALTH NONPROFIT HOSPITAL PRICING CLASS ACTION ............... 193 A. California's Consumers Legal Remedies Act ........................... 194 B. California's Unfair Competition Law .....................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Internal Revenue Service's "Contribution" to the Health Problems of the Poor
    Catholic University Law Review Volume 21 Issue 1 Fall 1971 Article 3 1971 The Internal Revenue Service's "Contribution" to the Health Problems of the Poor Marilyn G. Rose Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview Recommended Citation Marilyn G. Rose, The Internal Revenue Service's "Contribution" to the Health Problems of the Poor, 21 Cath. U. L. Rev. 35 (1972). Available at: https://scholarship.law.edu/lawreview/vol21/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Catholic University Law Review by an authorized editor of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Internal Revenue Service's "Contribution" to the Health Problems of the Poor Marilyn G. Rose* The existence of a health crisis in this, country is universally acknowledged. While the costs of medical and hospital care have far out-distanced the inflationary spiral in the consumer price index over the past decade, I the health status of the American population vis-a-vis the rest of the industrialized world has seriously deteriorated. 2 At the same time the public hospitals have become progressively more overcrowded, underfinanced and understaffed. In the past two years these hospitals have also faced threatened loss of accreditations, have been forced to shut down facilities and services, and have been sued by both * A.B., Brandeis University, LL.B., Harvard University, Chief Special Litigation, National Legal Program on Health Problems of the Poor. The author wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance of Lawrence Hait, J.D., 1970, U.C.L.A., and George Schraer, J.D., 1970, U.C.L.A.
    [Show full text]