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AP42 Section: 4.12, Draft 1997 I Rubber Manufacturer's Assoc

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AP42 Section: 4.12, Draft 1997 I Rubber Manufacturer's Assoc AP42 Section: 4.12, draft 1997 Related: 1 Title: Development of the Emission Factors for the Rubber Manufacturing Industry Volume I: Emission Factor Program Results - Final Report, May 1995 Volume 3: Test Program Protocol - January 1995 TRC Environmental, presented to I Rubber Manufacturer’s Assoc. Presented to Rubber Manufacturers Association RMA Presented by TRC Environmental Corporation TRC Project No. 16157 0 i‘ May 1995 DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSION FACTORS FOR THE RUBBER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY Volume 1 Emission Factor Program Results Final Report Prepared for Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA) Suite 900 1400 K Street, N.W. e Washington, District of Columbia 20005 Prepared by TRC Environmental Corporation Boott Mills South Foot of John Street Lowell, Massachusetts 01852 (508) 970-5600 DISCLAIMER This repon is intended for use solely by the Rubber Manufacturers Association for the specific purposes described in the contractual documents between TRC Environmental Corporation and the Rubber Manufacturers Association. All professional services performed and repons generated by TRC have been prepared for the Rubber Manufacturers Association’s purposes as described in the conuact. The information. statements and conclusions contained in the repon have been prepared in accordance with the work statement and contract terms and conditions. The repon may be subject to differing interpretations andlor may be misinterpreted by third persons or entities who were not involved in the investigative or consultation process. TRC Environmental Corporation therefore expressly disclaims any liability to persons other than the Rubber Manufacturers Association who may use or rely upon this repon in any way or for any purpose. DEVELOPMENT OF EMISSION FACTORS FOR THE RUBBER MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OMRMEW The contributions of the members of the Environment Committee of the Rubber Manufacturers Association in the preparation of this document are hereby gratefully adtnowledged. The Rubber Manufacturers Association is a cooperative manufacturing trade association with more than 150 member companies. While RMA member companies are bound together by a common denominator-basic raw materials-the membership embraces several industries with often dissimilar problems. For this reason, the services of the RMA are organized into five business groups including: General Products, Information and Statistics, Public Affairs, Technical and Standards, and Finance and Administration. The goals of these groups are to: 1) serve as a forum for exchange of information with and among member companies on issues of common concern, and in areas of common interest 2) provide a single voice for the indusby in dealing with its publics, including government. consumers, and the general public; 3) monitor, recommend and promote the indusky viewpoints on legislative and regulatory issues of concern, and investigate and report on the potential impact of these issues on the rubber indusby; 4) coordinate formulation of indusby positions on domestic and international standards; and 5) establish and maintain dose working relationships with other organizations which share wmninterests and concerns. @ 1995 by The Rubber ManufacturersAssociation, Inc., 1400 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005 All Rights Reserved This dowment may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in whole or part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the Rubber Manufacturers Association. Printed in the United States of America ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge the members of the Rubber Manufacturers Association (arranged alphabetically) who provided guidance and funding for this project. The following persons devised the technical scope of the project and provided their talents and skills to the completion of this program: Chris Conky, GenCorp; Lynn Cooper, Michelin North America; Dave Chapman, The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company; John Finn, Continental General Tire; Nancy Ray-Jandrokovic, The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company; Ernie Karger, The Gates Rubber Company; Alva King, Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. ; Peter Provost, PireWAmstrong Tire Corporation; Dan Pyanowski, Dunlop Tire Corporation; Tom Wood, Cooper Tire and Rubber Company. Additionally, special thanks go to the following who provided invaluable technical expertise: Alan Goldstein, Michelin North America; Gary Killean, The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company; Arvis McKamie, Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc.; Ed Morant, Continental General Tire; Gary Tompkin, The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company; Joan Traeger, GenCorp. Finally, the authors would like to thank the following for providing key assistance in this project: Lynn Adkins, Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc.; Paul Crosser, Bandag, Inc.; John Fecteau, Western Consolidated Technologies; John Foged, Dayco Products, Inc.; Ray Hahn, Cooper Tire and Rubber; Larry Kagel, CR Industries; John Kell, Carlisle Tire and Rubber Company; Tom Rhodarmer, Dayco Products, Inc.; Rick Rupert, DTR Industries, Inc. ; Bob Schiffer, Carlisle Tire and Rubber Company; Paul Standley, Dayco Products, Inc. The companies which have participated in the Rubber Manufacturers Association Emission Factors Project are presented on the following page. .. L95-035.1 11 The following companies are participants in the RMA Emission Factors Development Project Abbott Laboratories HBD Industries, Inc. Acadia Elastomers Corporation John Crane, Inc. Albert Trostel Packings, Ltd. Johnson Rubber Company Akron Rubber Lining Kelly-Springfield Tire Company Ames Rubber Corporation Kismet Products Inc. Ashtabula Rubber Company Latex Foam Products, Inc. Bandag, Inc. MBL (U.S.A.) Corporation Bando Manufacturing of America, Inc. Michelin North America Beloit Manhattan Molded Dimensions, Inc. Boston Industrial Products, Div. of Neff-Perkins Company Dana Corp. Patch Rubber Company BridgestoneIFirestone, Inc. Pawling Corporation Buckhorn Rubber Products, Inc. Pirelli Armstrong Tire Corporation Cadillac Rubber & Plastics, Inc. hotective Coatings, Inc. Carlisle Tire & Rubber Company, Rice-Chadwick Rubber Company Division of Carlisle Corp. Robbins, Inc. Caterpillar, Inc. Rubber Rolls, Inc. Central Rubber Company Scandura, Inc. Chardon Rubber Company Schlegel N.A.A.O. Chicago-Allis Manufacturing Company Specification Rubber Products, Inc. Clevite Elastomers, a Pullman Sperry Rubber & Plastics Company, Inc. Company Syntex Rubber Corporation Continental General Tire Inc. T & M Rubber, Inc. Cooper Tire & Rubber Company TBMC, Inc. CR Industries The Gates Rubber Company Cupples Rubber Company The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Custom Rubber Corporation The Standard Products Company Dawson Manufacturing Company Titan Industries Dayco Products, Inc. Toyo Tire (U.S.A.) Corporation DTR Industries, Inc. Trellex Morse, Division of Svedala Dunlop Tire Corporation Industries, Inc. Eagle-Picher Rubber Molding Division TruflexlPang Rubber Products Federal-Mogul Corporation, Sealing Company Products Group Vail Rubber Works, Inc. Fenner Inc., Fenaplast Division Waukesha Rubber Company, Inc. Freudenberg-NOK, General Partnership West American Rubber Company, Inc. Fulflex, Inc. Western Consolidated Technologies Garlock Mechanical Packing, Division Yale-South Haven, Inc. of Colt Industries Yokohama Tire Corporation GenCorp, Inc. Georgia Duck & Cordage Mill Globe International, Inc. Goshen Rubber Company, Inc. Hawkeye Rubber Manufacturing Company ... L95-035.1 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................ 1-1 1.1 Program Overview and Objectives ............................ 1-1 1.2 Emission Factor Project Definitions ........................... 1-2 1.3 Emission Factor Summary ................................. 1-4 1.4 Report Series Format ...................................... 1-4 2 EMISSIONS FACTOR DEVELOPMENT APPROACH .................. 2-1 2.1 General Process Description ................................ 2-1 2.2 Equipment Scale Considerations .............................. 2-3 2.3 Selection of Compounds and Target Pollutants ................... 2-4 2.4 Description of Sampling / Analytical Regimes ................... 2-7 2.5 Data Analysis Approach - Volume 2 ........................... 2-7 2.6 Development of Final Factors - Volume 1 ..................... 2-13 3 DESCRIPTION OF TEST FACILITIES ........................... 3-1 3.1 Processes Employing Generic Rubber Compounds ................ 3-1 3.1.1 Internal MixerDrop Mill .............................. 3-1 3.1.2 Extrusion ........................................ 3-2 3.1.3 Autoclave Curing ................................... 3-2 3.1.4 Platen Press Curing .................................. 3-3 3.1.5 Hot Air Oven Curing ................................ 3-5 3.2 Tire Curing ............................................ 3-6 3.2.1 Laboratory Scale .Tire Curing .......................... 3-6 3.2.2 Full-Scale Tire Curing ............................... 3-6 3.3 Other Rubber Processing .................................. 3-6 3.3.1 Warmup Milling ................................... 3-6 3.3.2 Calendering ........................................ 3-7 3.4 Tire Grinding Processes ................................... -3-8 3.4.1 ForceBalance Grinding .............................. 3-8 3.4.2 SidewallNhitewall Grinding ........................... 3-8 3.4.3 Retread Buffing .................................... 3-8 3.4.4 Tire Carcass Grinding ................................ 3-9 3.5 Engineered Products
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