Study on the Feasibility of Promoting V4- Korea Cooperation in the Context of Implementing the Eurasia Initiative
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STUDY ON THE FEASIBILITY OF PROMOTING V4- KOREA COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTING THE EURASIA INITIATIVE December 2016 1 Content CONTENT .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 1 BRIEF PROFILES ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 KOREA ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 V4 .............................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 Poland .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.2 Czech Republic.................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.3 Slovak Republic ................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2.4 Hungary ........................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 ECONOMIC INDICATORS AND STRUCTURE BY VALUE ADDED ..................................................................................... 6 1.4 MUTUAL RELATIONS – V4 - ROK .................................................................................................................... 10 1.4.1 Trade relations ............................................................................................................................................... 10 1.4.2 FDI .................................................................................................................................................................. 14 1.4.3 Comparative advantage of particular states ................................................................................................. 15 1.4.4 V4 – Korea - FDI largest projects, actual investment ..................................................................................... 19 1.5 INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................... 22 1.5.1 V4 ................................................................................................................................................................... 22 1.5.2 RoK ................................................................................................................................................................. 23 1.5.3 Relevant competing associations - 16+1 ........................................................................................................ 24 1.5.4 V4 + RoK ......................................................................................................................................................... 28 2 WAYS TO PROMOTE V4-KOREA COOPERATION .................................................................................... 30 2.1 ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY .................................................................................................................. 30 2.1.1 General facts .................................................................................................................................................. 30 2.1.2 Nuclear power ................................................................................................................................................ 33 2.1.3 Renewables .................................................................................................................................................... 37 2.1.4 Refineries ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 2.1.5 Networks ........................................................................................................................................................ 41 2.1.6 Smart Grids & Metering ................................................................................................................................. 44 2.1.7 Trends & Opportunities .................................................................................................................................. 44 2.2 ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................................................................... 46 2.2.1 Roads ............................................................................................................................................................. 46 2.2.2 Railways ......................................................................................................................................................... 49 2.2.3 Waterways & Ports ........................................................................................................................................ 52 2.2.4 Airports & Airways ......................................................................................................................................... 53 2.3 ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY AND R&D ............................................................................... 55 2.3.1 Korea .............................................................................................................................................................. 55 2.3.2 V4 Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 56 2.4 ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF CULTURE ................................................................................................................. 69 2.4.1 Film industry................................................................................................................................................... 70 2.4.2 Fine arts, music, theatre, literature ................................................................................................................ 77 2.4.3 Sport ............................................................................................................................................................... 81 2.4.4 Tourism .......................................................................................................................................................... 81 2.5 ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION ............................................................................................................. 82 2 1 Brief profiles 1.1 Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a highly urbanized sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Today, it is the eleventh country in the world when compared by GDP (GDP (current US$), WB data 2015), the world's sixth largest exporter (merchandise exports (current US$), WB, 2015) and ninth largest importer (merchandise imports (current US$), WB, 2015) with the highest credit rating of any country in East Asia. It is the only G20 nation having free trade agreement with China, the US and EU simultaneously. KEY FACTS Capital: Seoul Geographical size: 100,210 km 2 Population: 50,617,045 (2015) (http://kosis.kr/eng/) Gross domestic product (GDP) : 1,377,873.11 (2015, current mil. US$) Official language(s) : Korean Political system: presidential republic Currency: South Korean won Services, textile, steel, shipbuilding, car Key sectors: manufacturing, electronics, R&D Rating: S&P/Moody's/Fitch AA/Aa2/AA- 1.2 V4 The Visegrad Group was formed on 15th February 1991 at a meeting of the President of the Czechoslovak Republic, Vaclav Havel, the President of the Republic of Poland, Lech Wałęsa, and the Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary, József Antall. The central motif of the meeting was the desire to intensify mutual cooperation and friendship among the three Central European states. After disintegration of Czechoslovakia in 1993, both successor countries, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, became members of the Visegrad Group. Since then the Visegrad Group has been formed by four countries and marked as the V4 Group. The formation of the Visegrad Group was motivated by four factors: • the desire to eliminate the remnants of the communist bloc in Central Europe; • the desire to overcome historic animosities between Central European countries; • the belief that through joint efforts it will be easier to achieve the set goals, i.e. to successfully accomplish social transformation and join in the European integration process; and • the proximity of ideas of the then ruling political elites (Source: http://www.visegradgroup.eu/about/history ). All four nations in the Visegrád Group, which became members of NATO (1999, Slovakia 2004) and European Union (2004), are high income countries with high Human Development Index and more or less steady economic growth for over a century. Slovakia adopted the euro as its official currency in 2009. In 2000, the Visegrad Group (V4) countries founded the International Visegrad Fund. The purpose of the fund is to facilitate and promote the