Rigorózní Práce

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Rigorózní Práce Univerzita Karlova Filozofická fakulta Ústav světových dějin Rigorózní práce Mgr. Tomáš Blümel Příspěvek ke studiu ozbrojeného neorganizovaného odporu proti nacistické/fašistické okupační moci za druhé světové války zemí Visegrádské skupiny ve filmu Contribution to the Study of Military Non-organized Resistance Movement against Nazi/Fascist Occupied Power during WWII in the Lands of the Visegrad group in the Big Screen Praha 2020 Poděkování Na tomto místě bych rád poděkoval profesorovi PhDr. Martinu Kovářovi, Ph.D., zároveň vedoucímu mé diplomové práce, který mi byl vždy oporou při studiu filmové problematiky, a který mi na počátku vytváření rigorózní práce pomohl s vhodným vymezením tématu. Rovněž jsem vděčný za jeho odborné rady a věcné připomínky. Za výpomoc při překladu filmu Budapešťský anděl ze španělského jazyka děkuji belgickým přátelům, zejména Alexie Rojas Espiose. Nemohu opomenout ani ředitelku Ústřední knihovny UK, PhDr. Radku Římanovou, Ph.D, které tímto děkuji za příležitost pracovně se rozvíjet v univerzitních prostorách, čímž jsem zůstal v úzkém kontaktu s akademickým prostředím. V neposlední řadě děkuji své rodině, která mě po celou dobu psaní práce podporovala. Prohlašuji, že jsem rigorózní práci vypracoval samostatně, že jsem řádně citoval všechny prameny a literaturu a že práce nebyla využita v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. V Praze, dne …………………………………… Mgr. Tomáš Blümel Klíčová slova (česky) Ozbrojený odpor; protinacistický odboj; protifašistický odboj; druhá světová válka; Visegrádská skupina; historický film; kultura paměti Klíčová slova (anglicky) Armed Resistance; Anti-nazi Resistance; Antinacist Resistance; World War II., Visegrad Group, Historical Film; Culture of Memory Abstrakt V rigorózní práci se zabývám ozbrojeným neorganizovaným odporem proti nacistické/fašistické okupační moci za druhé světové války v historickém filmu. Analyzuji vybrané filmy reflektující odboj ve čtyřech státech Visegrádské skupiny (Polsko, Česká republika, Slovensko a Maďarsko), které byly vytvořeny od začátku 21. století až do současnosti. V hlavní části práce popisuji, za jakých podmínek film vznikl, a rozmanité přístupy filmových tvůrců k tématu. U jednotlivých snímků analyzuji okolnosti realizace, dějovou strukturu, umělecké kvality, nedostatky, a samotné zobrazení historických skutečností. Následně se soustředím na otázku, jaký divácký ohlas vyvolal historický film, přičemž se zaměřuji na reakce odborníků a veřejnosti. Abstract (in English) This rigorous thesis deals with the Non-organized Resistance Movement against Nazi/Fascist Occupied Power during the Second World War in the Historical Film. I analyze selected Films reflecting the Resistance Movement in the eight lands of the Visegrad Group (Poland, Czech republic, Slovakia and Hungary), which were created from the beginning of the 21st century until the present time. In the main part, I describe under what conditions the Film was originated, and the diverse accesses of filmakers to this topic. For aech Film I analyze circumstances of implementation, the artistic quality, shortcomings, and the Display of the Historical facts. Then, I concentrate on the question of what kind of response made the Historical Film, focusing on the reactions of experts and the public. OBSAH ÚVOD................................................................................................................................................11 1 KAPITOLA FILM JAKO HISTORICKÝ PRAMEN ...............................................................................16 2 KAPITOLA ODBOJ A ODPOR .......................................................................................................22 3 KAPITOLA VÝZKUM PAMĚTI .......................................................................................................27 4 KAPITOLA POLSKO .....................................................................................................................31 4.1 Okupace a odboj ................................................................................................................31 4.2 Odboj ve filmu ...................................................................................................................35 4.2.1 Vzpoura (2001) ..........................................................................................................40 4.2.2 Generál Nil (2009) ......................................................................................................48 4.2.3 Kameny na pevnost (2014) .........................................................................................54 4.2.4 Město 44 (2014).........................................................................................................62 5 KAPITOLA ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA .....................................................................................................68 5.1 Okupace a odboj ................................................................................................................68 5.2 Odboj ve filmu ...................................................................................................................72 5.2.1 Operace Silver A (2007) ..............................................................................................77 5.2.2 Anthropoid (2016) .....................................................................................................86 5.2.3 Tenkrát v ráji (2016) ...................................................................................................96 5.2.4 Smrtihlav (2017) ......................................................................................................101 6 KAPITOLA SLOVENSKO.............................................................................................................109 6.1 Okupace a odboj ..............................................................................................................109 6.2 Odboj ve filmu .................................................................................................................114 6.2.1 Rozhovor s nepřítelem (2007) ..................................................................................119 6.2.2 Nedodržený slib (2009) ............................................................................................123 6.2.3 Moje povstanie.sk (2014) .........................................................................................128 6.2.4 Krok do tmy (2014) ..................................................................................................135 7 KAPITOLA MADARSKO .............................................................................................................141 7.1 Okupace a odboj ..............................................................................................................141 7.2 Odboj ve filmu .................................................................................................................145 7.2.1 Budapešťský anděl (2011) ........................................................................................148 7.2.2 Velký sešit (2013) .....................................................................................................154 7.2.3 Walking with the enemy (2013) ...............................................................................158 7.2.4 Chosen (2016) ..........................................................................................................164 ZÁVĚR .............................................................................................................................................170 SEZNAM PRAMENŮ A LITERATURY ..................................................................................................178 Seznam zkratek ACE Asociación de Cronistas Espectácuto AACTA Australian Acadeny of Cinema and Television Arts AFI Americký filmový institut AK Armija Krajowa ATP Association of Tennis Professionals AST Akademia Sztuk Teatralnych AV ČR Akademie věd České republiky BAFTA British Academy of Film and Television Arts BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BEL Belgie CDK Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury ČFTA Česká filmová a televizní akademie ČR Česká republika ČSBS Český svaz bojovníků za svobodu ČSFD Česko-Slovenská filmová databáze ČSR Československá republika ČST Československá televize ČT Česká televize DAMU Divadelní fakulta Akademie múzických umění FAMU Filmová a televizní fakulta Akademie múzických umění Fed cup Federation Cup FF Filmový festival FHDS Fundacja Harcerstwa Drugiego Stulecia Gestapo Geheime Staatspolizei FIPRESCI Fédération Internationale de la Presse Cinématographique FRA Francie IMDB Ïnternet Movie Database ISBN International Standard Book Number IWF Institut für den Wissenschaftlichen Film KHL Kontinentální hokejová liga JAMU Janáčkova akademie múzických umění JPEF Jewish Partisan Educational Foundation Kedyw Kierownictvo Dywersji KO Knockout KPD Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands MFF Mezinárodní filmový festival MNV Místní národní výbor MPAA The Motion Picture Association of America MTF Mezinárodní televizní festival MTV Music Television MS Mistrovství světa NEM Německo NIE Niepodleglosc NKWD Narodnyj komissariat vnutriennich diel NLN Nakladatelství lidové noviny NHL National Hockey League NSDAP Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei NSZ Narodowe Sily Zbrojne ON Obrana národa ONV Okresní národní výbor OSS Office of Strategic Services OSVO Obec sokolská v odboji ÖMV Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung PFS Political Film Society POL Polsko PSDS
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