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September 4, 2001 Literature Review Glucosinolates, Allyl Isothiocyanate, Dazitol™ Plant Extracts and Agricultural Pesticide Uses “Glucosinolates (GSL), found in Brassica species, are of interest due to the potential for using their degradation products as fumigants…When hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase, GLS produce D-glucose, sulfate, isothiocyanates (volatile mustard oils), thiocyanates and nitriles (Larsen, 1981; Poulton and Moller, 1993). Isothiocyanates (ITC) and nitriles have been demonstrated to control fungi (Charron and Sams, 1999; Mayton et al., 1996; Sarwar et al., 1998) bacteria (Delaquis and Mazza, 1995), nematodes (Mojtahedi et al., 1993 and 1991), insects (Noble et al., 1999) and some weed seeds in laboratory experiments (Al-Khatib et al., 1997). Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is the predominant ITC produced by Indian mustard (B. juncea). The objective of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of biofumigation with Indian mustard and AITC for control of Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., the causative agent of Southern blight of tomato. Result: Volatiles released from Indian mustard were effective in controlling S. rolfsii mycelial growth with LC50 and LC90 (lethal concentration with 50 and 90% kill) at 0.6 and 2.1 g·L-1, respectively…Biofumigation with Indian mustard and other Brassica sp. may provide growers with an affordable, environmentally safe control for S. rolfsii mycelia if used in an integrated management system. Source: http://soils.ag.uidaho.edu/mmorra/gluc/ Test Data on Dazitol™ as a Soil Fumigant Source: http://www.kswproducts.com/champon/Test%20Data/test.htm 1. Effectiveness of Champ All Natural Products as an Alternative to MBr in Controlling Various Pests in Tomatoes (summary report on Manley Farms). Dr. Dakshina Seal, Univ. of FL-IFAS. 2. Evaluation of Dazitol (Champs) on Plant Parasitic Nematodes by Glades Crop Care: Manley Farm Field Trial 3. Manley Farm Field Trial, Analysis Results, Eden Bioscience 4. Control of Fusarium and Phytophthora Using Champon 100% Natural Product (Dazitol): Dr. Dakshina Seal, Univ. of FL-IFAS, Homestead 5. Control of Aphids on Stocks Using Natural and Chemical Insecticides: Dr. Dakshina Seal, Univ. of FL-IFAS, Homestead 6. Laboratory Bioassay to Control Aphids on Potatoes Using Champon’s Nature’s Cide (Dazitol): Dr. Dakshina Seal, Univ. of FL-IFAS, Homestead 7. Two Reports on Insect Pest Control Using Dazitol on Bell Pepper: Dr. Dakshina Seal, Univ. of FL-IFAS, Homestead 8. Laboratory Insect Control Trials Against Three Pest Insects: Philip Koehler, Dept. of Entomology and Nematology, Univ. of FL - Gainesville 9. Field Trials of Dazitol in Chile (Spanish) 10. Field Trials of Dazitol in Colombia. Summary: efficacy is equal to Endosulfan. 11. Activity of Biocide Dazitol Against Some Phytopathogenic Fungi (Bulgaria) 12. Use of Dazitol for Turfgrass (Orangebrook County Club, South Florida) 13. Locke, J. and Bowers, M., American Phytopathological Conference, 1997, Effect of Botanical Extracts on the Population Density of Fusarium Oxysporum in Soil Agnihotri, A., Gupta, B., Lakshmikumaran, M.S., Shivanna, K.R., Prakash, S., and Jagannathan, V. Production of Eruca-Brassica hybrids by embryo rescue. Plant Breeding. 1990, 104, 281-289. Agnihotri, A., Shivanna, K.R., Raina, S.N., Lakshimikumaran, M., Prakash, S., and Jagannathan, V. Production of Brassica napus Raphanobrassica hybrids by embryo rescue: an attempt to introduce shattering resistance into B. napus. Plant Breeding. 1990, 104, 292-299. Agricultural Research Service, Natural Plant Extracts Might Sub For Methyl Bromide, Agricultural Research Magazine, March 1999 Åhman, I. Toxicities of Host Secondary Compounds to Eggs of the Brassica Specialist Dasineura brassicae. J. Chem Ecol. 1986, 12, 1481-1488. Al-Khatib, K., C. Libby, and R. Boydstom. 1997. Weed Science. 45:439-445. Al-Shehbaz, I.A. and Al-Shammary, K.I. Distribution and Chemotaxonomic Significance of Glucosinolates in Certain Middle-Eastern Cruciferae. Biochem. Systemat. Ecol. 1987, 15, 559-569. Alvarez, R.A. and Moore, C.B. Quantum Yield for Production of CH3NC in the Photolysis of CH3NCS. Science 1994, 263, 205-207. Andersen, A.S. and Muir, R.M. Auxin Activity of Glucobrassicin. Phys. Plantarum 1966, 19, 1038-1048. Angus, J.F., Gardner, P.A., Kirkegaard, J.A., and Desmarchelier, J.M. Biofumigation: Isothiocyanates Released from Brassica roots Inhibit Growth of the Take-all Fungus. Plant and Soil 1994, 162, 107-112. Arnoldo, M., Baszcynski, C.L. Bellemare, G., Brown, G., Carlson, J., Gillespie, B., Huang, B., MacLean, N., MacRae, W.D., Rayner, G., Rozakis, S., Westecott, M., and Kemble, J.G. Evaluation of transgenic canola plants under field conditions. Genome. 1991. 35, 58-63. Ascard, J. and Jonasson, T. White Mustard Meal Interesting for Weed Control. In Weeds and Weed Control. Reports. 32nd Swedish Crop Protection Conference. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences: Uppsala, 1991; pp. 139-155. Ashley, M.G., Leigh, B.L., and Lloyd, L.S. The Action of Metham-sodium in Soil. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1963, 14, 153-161. Bailey, S.D., Bazinet, M.L., Driscoll, J.L., and McCarthy, A.I. The Volatile Components of Cabbage. J. Food Sci. 1961, 26, 163-170. Bartlet, E., Parsons, D., Williams, I.H., and Clark, S.J. The Influence of glucosinolates and Sugars on Feeding by the Cabbage stem flea Beetle, Psyliodes chrysocephala. Ent. Exp. Appl. 1994, 73, 77-83. Batra V, Prakash, S., and ShivannaK.R. Intergeneric hybridization between Diplotaxis siifolia, a wild species and crop brassicas. Theor. Appl. Genet. 1990, 80, 537-541. Bäuerle, R., Wagner, H., and Schraudolf, H. Distribution of 4-methoxy-3- indolylmethyl-glucosinolate (4-methoxy-glucobrassicin) in Brassicaceae. Experientia. 1986, 42, 86. Beekhuis, H.A. Technology and Industrial Applications. In Chemistry and Biochemistry of Thiocyanic Acid and its Derivatives. Newman, A.A., Ed.; Academic Press: London, 1975; pp. 222-255. Bell, D.T. and Muller, C.H. Dominance of California Annual Grasslands by Brassica nigra. Amer. Midl. Nat. 1973 90, 277-299. Bending, G.D., and Lincoln, S.D. Characterisation of Volatile Sulphur-Containing Compounds Produced During Decomposition of Brassica juncea Tissues in Soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 1999, 31, 695-703. Betts, P.M., Rinder, D.F., and Fleeker, J.R. Thiocyanate Utilization by an Arthrobacter. Can. J. Microbiol. 1979, 25, 1277-1282. Bhardway, H.L., Hamama, A.A., Porter, D.M., and Resse, P.F., Jr. Rapeseed Meal as a Natural Pesticide. P. 615-619. In: J. Janick (ed.), Progress in New Crops. ASHS Press, Arlington, VA. Bialy, Z., Oleszek, W., Lewis, J., and Fenwick, G.R. Allelopathic Potential of Glucosinolates (Mustard Oil Glycosides) and their Degradation Products Against Wheat. Plant and Soil 1990, 129, 277-281. Bing, D.J., Downey, R.K., and Rakow, G.F.W. An evaluation of the potential of intergeneric gene transfer between Brassica napus and Sinapis arvensis. Plant Breeding. 1995, 114, 481-484. Bing D.J., Downey, R.K., and Rakow, G.F.W. Assessment of transgenic escape from Brassica rapa (B. campestris) into B. nigra or Sinapis arvensis. Plant Breeding 1996, 115, 1-4 Birch, A.N.E. Field and Glasshouse Studies on Components of Resistance to Root Fly Attack in Swedes. Ann. Appl. Biol. 1988, 113, 89-100. Birch, A.N.E., Griffiths, D.W., Hopkins, R.J., Macfarlane Smith, W.H., and McKinlay, R.G. Glucosinolate Responses of Swede, Kale, Forage and Oilseed Rape to Root Damage by Turnip Root Fly (Delia floralis) Larvae. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1992, 60, 1-9. Björkman, R. Interaction Between Proteins and Glucosinolate Isothiocyanates and Oxazolidinethiones from Brassica napus Seed. Phytochemistry 1973, 12, 1585-1590. Björkman, R. Properties and Function of Plant Myrosinases. In The Biology and Chemistry of the Cruciferae. Vaughan, J.G., MacLeod, A.J., and Jones, B.M.G. Ed.; Academic Press: London, 1976; pp. 191-205. Blau, P.A., Feeny, P., and Contardo, L. Allylglucosinolate and Herbivorous Caterpillars: A Contrast in Toxicity and Tolerance. Science 1978, 200, 1296- 1298. Bodnaryk, R.P. Effects of Wounding on Glucosinolates in the Cotyledons of Oilseed Rape and Mustard. Phytochemistry. 1992, 31, 2671-2677. Bodnaryk, R.P. and Palaniswamy, P. Glucosinolate Levels in Cotyledons of Mustard, Brassica juncea L. and Rape, B. napus L. do Not Determine Feeding Rates of Flea Beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). J. Chem. Ecol. 1990, 16, 2735-2746. Bones, A., and Slupphaug, G. Purification, characterization and partial amino acid sequencing of β-thioglucosidase from Brassica napus. J. Plant Physiol. 1989. 134, 722-729. Bones, A. M. Distribution of β-thioglucosidase activity in intact plants, cell and tissue cultures and regenerant plants of Brassica napus. J. Exp. Bot. 1990. 41, 737-744. Borek, V., Morra, M.J., Brown, P.D., and McCaffrey, J.P. Allelochemicals Produced during Sinigrin Decomposition in Soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 1030-1034. Borek, V., L.R. Elberson, J.P. McCaffrey, and M.J. Morra. 1997. Toxicity of rapeseed meal and methyl isothiocyanate to larvae of the black vine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 90:109-112. Borek, V., Morra, M.J., Brown, P.D., and McCaffrey, J.P. Transformation of the Glucosinolate-derived Allelochemicals Allyl Isothiocyanate and Allyl Nitrile in Soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995a, 43, 1935-1940. Borek, V., Elberson, L.R., McCaffrey, J.P. and Morra, M.J. Toxicity of Aliphatic and Aromatic Isothiocyanates to Eggs of the Black Vine Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 1995b, 88, 1192-1196. Borek, V., Morra, M.J., and McCaffrey, J.P. Myrosinase activity in soil extracts. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1996a. 60, 1792-1797. Borek, V., Elberson, L.R., McCaffrey, J.P. and Morra, M.J. Toxicity of Isothiocyanates Produced by Glucosinolates in Brassicaceae Species to Black Vine Weevil Eggs. J. Econ. Entomol. 1998, 46, 5318-5323. Boydston, R. A., and Hang, A. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. 1995, 9, 669- 675. Brown, A.P., Brown, J., Thill, D.C., Brammer, T.A., and Nair, H.S.
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  • Defence Mechanisms of Brassicaceae: Implications for Plant-Insect Interactions and Potential for Integrated Pest Management
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  • Identification and Quantification of Glucosinolates in Korean Leaf Mustard Germplasm (Brassica Juncea Var
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