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V. F})R. James 01~A{{On Tj3ishopoft£{Phin 1756-1786

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V. F})R. James 01~A{{On Tj3ishopoft£{Phin 1756-1786 ~v. f})r. James 01~a{{on tJ3ishopoft£{phin 1756-1786 James O'Fallonl was born circa 17092 in the parish of Taghboy, county Roscommon. The precise place of his birth is not certain and details of his family and early life are scanty. He did have a brother Patrick Fallon who lived at Cloonagh in Taghboy parish and his household is"recorded in the Religious census of Elphin in 1749.3 Patrick Fallon was described as a 'gentleman' and he had six children in all, five under fourteen and one over fourteen. Probate of Patrick's will was granted4 in 1757, which can be assumed also to be the year of his death. This sugge~ts that he may have been older than James, who lived another twenty-nine years. Patrick Fallon's wife Bridget died5 on 23 September 1781 at Cloonagh aged eighty three. Charles O'Connor of Ballinagare in a letter6 to Patrick Fallon's son, John Fallon, concerning a meeting of the Catholic gentlemen of the county mentions his uncle the bishop. The 1749 census also shows a Mr. William Fallon living at Ballina in Taghboy parish and less than a mile from the house of Patrick Fallon at Cloonagh. This William Fallon may have been a brother of James O'Fallon also. One of the O'Fallons, formerly chiefs of Clann Uadach (parishes of Dysart and Cam), had obtained a grant of land at Ballina in 1654 and had constructed a substantial farmhouse there and also at Cloonagh. The residence at Cloonagh seems to have been constructed in the mid-eighteenth. century possibly by Patrick Fallon, who may have come from the house at Ballina. William Fallon living at Ballina in 1749 erected a tombstone' to his parents Redmond Fallon (died 2 April 1720) and Margaret O'Connor. This tombstone lies some distance from Dysart old cemetery, the traditional burial ground of the O'Fallons in Cuilleenoolagh townland, not far from the ruined O'Fallon castle. If William Fallon is a brother of James and Patrick, then Redmond Fallon and his wife Margaret O'Connor are the bishop's parents. Some evidence exists in folklore which suggests William and James Fallon were brothers. William Fallon had a son Malachy Fallon of Ballina (died 20 May 1820), who fought many duels, fatally wounding at least one man, and folklore says this Malachy was a close relative of the Bishop, and a considerable embarrassment to him. Nothing further is known of James O'Fallon until 1748 when P. Francis O'Hanly, pastor of Tisrara writes8 to Fr. Francis Pettit (O.P.M.) at St. Isidore's in Rome, suggesting that Dr. James O'Fallon, his friend and kinsman, should succeed Dr. Patrick French as bishop of Elphin. The letter says that Dr. O'Fallon was' a most worthy canon of the diocese of Elfin'. Dr. John Brett O.P. became bishop of Elphin in 1748, and when he died in 1756 the clergy of Elphin postulated9 Rev. Dr. James O'Fallon to be their new bishop. This postulation, dated 5th July 1756 and signed by 29m priests of the diocese as well as the bishop of Clonfert and the Archbishop of Tuam, strongly recommends O'Fallon. He was at that time a Doctor of Theology, archdeacon of Elphin and had recently become vicar general of the diocese. The postulation also tells us that he had for many years been "pastor of Dysart". Rev. Dr. James O'Fallon was appointed bishop of Elphin on 14 August 1756. He was 47 years old and made his brother's house at Cloonagh his residence. It would be another 119 years before the diocese would have a cathedral or official residence. Since Dr. O'Fallon had been pastor of Dysart for some time, it is likely that he had been living at Cloonagh for many years before 1756. No records of his education to the priesthood survive, but, like all priests of his time, he would have been educated on the continent. Charles O'Connor states in a letter written in 1776 that Bishop O'Fallon recommended a Denis McDermott for a place at Salamanca, and again in 1779 writing to John Fallon of Cloonagh, O'Connor thanks Bishop O'Fallon for finding a place for his own grandson at the Ludovician College in Rome. Perhaps the Bishop had studied either at Rome or Salamanca himself. Bishop O'Fallon became bishop when the Catholic Church in Ireland was still living under the shadow of the Penal Laws. While many of these laws were by then less strictly enforced and often ignored by the state, Catholicism was still a despised religion and feared as a subversive influence in the state. Catholics were for the most part deprived of wealth, power and education. This combined with a state which relied heavily on the local gentry to administer its laws, helped to allow the church to slowly re- establish itself. By 1752 a provincial synod was held in Tuam, and priests from each deanery were able to meet in conference during the Summer months. As will be seen from some of Bishop O'Fallon's own letters, the church learned to adapt to the situation on the ground. A reportlO on the diocese of Elphin was made in 1753 by Dr. Brett the then bishop, which gives a picture of the situation inherited by Dr. O'Fallon. The diocese had forty-five parishes, formed from amalgamations of seventy-seven old parishes. There were forty-five parish priests and seventeen curates. The diocese had five houses of friars, but many of the friars lived in remote places away from their houses. There were over forty friars in all; thirty three Dominicans arid nine Franciscans. There were no convents and the law did not allow schools, but a few teachers gave a basic eduction. The vast majority of the Catholics were poor. A good picture of the social structure of that period can be had from an examination of the Religious census of Elphin of 1749. As very little of Bishop O'Fallon's own papers survive, it is necessary to examine what others said about him or to him to form any picture of his life as bishop. Sometime after his appointment as bishop the united parishes of Killeroran and Killian became his mensal parishesll (his successor Dr. Edmund French assigned these parishes to his vicar general). It is not clear if he continued as parish priest of Dysart. Bishops in the eighteenth century derived their income from their mensal parishes, from marriage licences, and from an annual Easter collection from their priests. The clergy of the eighteenth century had no distinctive dress and it is likely that Bishop O'Fallon dressed like other Catholic gentlemen such as his brother at that time. A young priest of Elphin diocese, Fr. James Lyons, who had recently been ordained in Rome, following his studies at the Collegio Urbano visited his Bishop; Dr. O'Fallon on his return to Ireland in late 1763 or early 1764 and wrote12 back to his former college of the event in January 1765. He said "As soon as I reached Ireland I went to see my bishop, Mgr. Fallon, who welcomed me most affably and, having examined me, assigned me without more ado as assistant and coadjutor to the parish of Sligo, and named me besides parish priest of a small place about three miles away'. This account of the meeting suggests a friendly man who 99 did not delay in making decisions. In September 1765 Fr. Lyons again says of Bishop O'Fallon 'the bishop is a very good friend to me. About a month ago he gave me a canonry ....purely in order to maintain the ecclesiastical hierarchy in this persecuted country'. A number of later references show Fr. James Lyons as parish priest of Drumcliff. In his letters Fr. Lyons also gives a picture of conditions in the diocese at that time. He found Sligo a busy port city, with a good number of Protestants of different dominations, but most of the ordinary people were Catholic, of whom he says 'there would not be better in the world if oaths and drunkeness were not their second nature and essence'. He finds the work of the priest very tiring, and says he must learn Irish to do his work. There were he says very few priests either secular or regular in that part of the diocese, but he had won over some converts. In July of 1763 Dr. O'Fallon visited Charles O'Connor at Ballinagare, and O'Connor writing to Dr. John Curry says he will get Dr. O'Fallon to promote the appointment of Dr. Patrick Fitzsimmons of Dublin. Again in 1765 O'Connor asked the Bishop to write to the Bishop of Ossory, to obtain a favour for a friend. In March 1770 Bishop O'Fallon was recorded in a family diary as a sponsor at the baptism of a George Davys, son of Richard Davys and Ann Fallon. This family lived near Lanesboro, and Ann Fallon may have been a distant relative of the bishop. Again in 1776 the bishop is writing to Rome promoting the cause of Dr. Boethius Egan as Archbishop of Tuam. The most important document which Bishop O'Fallon produced was his report to Rome on the consition of the diocese in 1770.13 Little had changed from the time he became bishop Cloonagh House as it is today, residence of Bishop O'Fallon from 1756-1786. in 1756. There were forty-five parish priests, and most of the chalices in use were made of tin.
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