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Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Coast of Yucatán, Mexico

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Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Coast of Yucatán, Mexico Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 91 (2020): e913195 Taxonomy and systematics Sea anemones (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the coast of Yucatán, Mexico Anémonas (Anthozoa: Actiniaria) de la costa de Yucatán, México Luis G. Herrera-Bojórquez a, Ricardo González-Muñoz b, Lorena V. León-Deniz a, *, Gregory Arjona-Torres c, Raúl Sima-Álvarez c a Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Biología Marina, Km. 15.5 carretera a Xmatkuil, Apartado postal 116, 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico b Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Mar de Plata, Rodríguez Peña 4046, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina c Laboratorio de Patología Acuática, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Km. 6 antigua carretera a Progreso, Apartado postal 73, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico *Corresponding author: [email protected] (L.V. León-Deniz) Received: 10 September 2019; accepted: 25 May 2020 Abstract Sea anemones (order Actiniaria) are among the benthic marine invertebrate groups that commonly inhabit a wide range of coastal environments, including seagrass meadows, rocky bottoms, coral reefs, sandy patches, mangroves, and artificial substrates. However, they are typically overlooked in most faunal studies or biodiversity assessments in shallow water environments along the coastline of the Mexican Atlantic, particularly in Yucatán. Although some sea anemones species have been reported from coral reef localities in the region, no previous studies have been made to inventory the actinofauna in localities of the coast of Yucatán. In this study, we document 8 species of sea anemones from 5 coastal localities in Yucatán, Mexico, and provide short descriptions and images of the external and internal anatomy, and cnidom. Five of these species have been previously reported from coral reefs in Yucatán, whereas 3 of them are reported for the first time in the region. The aim of this contribution is to inventory the most common species of sea anemones in Yucatán and provide an aid to distinguish them to facilitate identification and encourage biological and ecological research requiring species-level resolution. Keywords: Cnidaria; Benthic fauna; Invertebrates; Gulf of Mexico; Western Atlantic Resumen Las anémonas (orden Actiniaria) se encuentran entre los grupos de invertebrados marinos bentónicos que habitan comúnmente en un amplio rango de ambientes costeros, incluyendo pastos marinos, fondos rocosos, arrecifes de coral, parches arenosos, manglares y sustratos artificiales. Sin embargo, son típicamente pasadas por alto en la mayoría de los estudios faunísticos o evaluaciones de la biodiversidad de ambientes marinos de aguas someras a lo largo de la ISSN versión electrónica: 2007-8706; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2020.91.3195 L.G. Herrera-Bojórquez et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 91 (2020): e913195 2 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2020.91.3195 línea de costa del Atlántico mexicano, particularmente en Yucatán. Aunque algunas especies de anémonas han sido reportadas en la región en localidades de arrecifes de coral, no se han realizado estudios previos para inventariar la actinofauna en localidades de la costa de Yucatán. En este estudio, documentamos 8 especies de anémonas en 5 localidades costeras de Yucatán, México y proveemos descripciones cortas e imágenes de la anatomía externa e interna, y del cnidoma, de cada una de las especies. Cinco de estas especies han sido reportadas previamente en ambientes arrecifales de Yucatán, pero 3 especies son reportadas por primera vez en la región. El objetivo de esta contribución es el inventariar a las especies de anémonas más comunes en Yucatán y proveer un apoyo para distinguirlas y facilitar su identificación, fomentando la investigación biológica y ecológica que requiera de resolución a nivel específico. Palabras clave: Cnidaria; Fauna bentónica; Invertebrados; Golfo de México; Atlántico Occidental Introduction species inhabiting other coastal environments along the shoreline. The coastline of Yucatán, in the southeastern part of In this study, we document 8 species of sea anemones Mexico, is composed of a variety of ecosystems such from 5 coastal localities along the coast of Yucatán: as coastal lagoons, coastal seas, mangroves, seagrass Chelem, Yucalpetén, Telchac, Chabihau, and Dzilam de meadows, and sandy intertidal patches (Herrera-Silveira Bravo, and provide diagnoses and images of the external et al., 2013), where thousands of species of marine fauna and internal anatomy and types of cnidae for 7 of them. live. Several groups of invertebrates such as mollusks, Five species, Actinostella flosculifera (Le Sueur, 1817), crustaceans, nematodes, and annelids are among the most Bunodosoma granuliferum (Le Sueur, 1817), Anemonia studied benthic fauna in the region (Pech et al., 2007; Pech sargassensis Hargitt, 1908, Exaiptasia diaphana (Rapp, & Ardisson, 2010), with a main interest in those animals 1829), and Calliactis tricolor (Le Sueur, 1817), have been with economic importance at the local and regional level, previously reported from the coral reef areas of the region, such as shrimps (May-Kú & Ordóñez-López, 2006; May- but Bunodosoma cavernatum (Bosc, 1802), Anthopleura Kú et al., 2014; Wakida-Kusunoki et al., 2016), lobsters dalyae González-Muñoz, Garese and Acuña, 2018, and (Ríos-Lara et al., 2010), or sea cucumbers (Hernández- Anthopleura krebsi (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) are Flores et al., 2015, 2017), among others. In addition, recorded for the first time in Yucatán. some inventories of these groups have been carried out as valuable steps to study their diversity and their Materials and methods ecological role in the ecosystems (Kuk-Dzul et al., 2019; Palomino-Álvarez et al., 2019; Pech & Ardisson, 2010). Specimens of sea anemones were collected from 5 However, other invertebrate groups, such as echinoderms, beach locations along the Yucatán coastline, Mexico: sponges, tunicates, and cnidarians, have been less studied Chelem (21°16’ N, 89°43’ W), Yucalpetén (21°15’ or even overlooked in most faunal studies or biodiversity N, 89°39’ W), Telchac Puerto (21°16’ N, 89°13’ W), assessments of the shallow water environments along the Chabihau (21°18’ N, 89°09’ W), and Dzilam de Bravo coast of Yucatán (Pech & Ardisson, 2010). (21°20’ N, 88°24’ W) (Fig. 1). Specimens were collected Sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) are by hand and snorkeling from 0-2 m depth, using a hammer among the benthic marine cnidarian groups that are and a chisel. Collected specimens were transferred to the commonly found in a wide range of coastal environments, laboratory and maintained in an aquarium to photograph including seagrass meadows, rocky bottoms, coral reefs, their color while alive. Specimens were relaxed in 5% sandy patches, mangroves, and artificial substrates MgCl2 seawater solution and fixed in 10% seawater (González-Muñoz et al., 2016). They are recognized as formalin. Measurements of specimens (i.e., column, oral, valuable elements of the benthic fauna due to their role in and pedal disc diameters, maximum length and width of the bidirectional exchange of energy between the benthic- the body, and number of tentacles) were obtained from pelagic coupling, as well as their propensity to establish fixed specimens. Histological sections 5-10 µm thick were close mutualistic relationships with other invertebrates made from 1-2 specimens from each species (except for (Daly et al., 2008). Some species of sea anemones have C. tricolor due to poor preservation), and stained with been reported in the coral reef formations off the coast of hematoxylin and eosin (Estrada-Flores et al., 1982). Squash Yucatán, such as Bajo de Diez, Madagascar, Serpientes, preparations of small amounts of tissue from tentacles, and Alacranes reefs (González-Muñoz et al., 2013), but actinopharynx, mesenterial filaments, column, marginal no previous studies have been conducted to document the projections, and acontia (if present) were made from at L.G. Herrera-Bojórquez et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 91 (2020): e913195 3 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2020.91.3195 least 1 specimen from each species to observe their cnidae (Fig. 2A-P) types. Cnidae were examined using a Nikon Eclipse E200 Actinia flosculifera Le Sueur (1817) light microscope, and cnidae terminology follows Östman Metridium praetextum: Couthouy in Dana, 1846 (2000). Specimen identifications are based on Carlgren Actinostella Formosa [sic]: Duchassaing, 1850 (1949, 1952), Carlgren and Hedgpeth (1952), González- Oulactis flosculifera: Milne-Edwards, 1857 Muñoz et al. (2012, 2013, 2019), and Daly and den Oulactis conquilega: Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 Hartog (2004). We followed the taxonomic classification Oulactis Flosculifera [sic]: Duchassaing, 1870 implemented in Carlgren (1949) with modifications from Evactis flosculifera: Andres, 1883 Rodríguez et al. (2014). Taxa were organized according to Oulactis foliosa: Andres, 1883 their suborder and family and listed in alphabetical order. Oulactis fasciculata: McMurrich, 1889a Voucher specimens of each species were deposited in the Asteractis n. sp.: Duerden,
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