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Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Pós UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS/INGLÊS E LITERATURA CORRESPONDENTE (IN) HUMANISING LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS: A PATHWAY TO (DE) MOTIVATION por DANIELLE BARBOSA LINS DE ALMEIDA Dissertação submetida à Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.em cumprimento parcial dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de MESTRE EM LETRAS Florianópolis, Dezembro de 2001 Esta Dissertação de Danielle Barbosa Lins de Almeida, intitulada (In)Hiimanising Language Classrooms: A Pathway to (De) Motivation, foi julgada e aprovada em sua forma final, pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, para fins de obtenção do grau de: MESTRE EM LETRAS Área de concentração; Inglês e Literatura Correspondente Opção: Língua Inglesa e Lingüística Aplicada Profa. Dra. Lêda Maria Brága/ága TÓmitch Coordenadora BANCA EXAMINADORA: Profa. Dra. MaiWfi'.M. Fortkamp Orientadora e P/residente Profa.'^ra. Lêda Maria Braga Tomitch Examinadora (\L(UUyOb'T> Profa. Dra. Ana Maria Barcelos Examinadora Florianópolis, 4 de dezembro de 2001. In memory of my father José Gilberto and my aunt Laice. IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am heartily thankful and deeply indebted to all humanistic contributions of those who have encouraged me in my pathway towards the completion of this work. For your incredible ability to bring motivation into mypathway, my special thanks to: My advisor, Mailce, for bringing the right balance of enthusiasm and challenge to our discussions. My mother, Julieta, my greatest teacher ever, for being the first to introduce me to the humanistic words ofLeo Buscaglia, and for believing in me more than / do. My brother, Gilberto, and my sister, Juliana, my greatest treasures. The two very special teachers at Colégio de Aplicação, who promptly agreed to be subjects for my experiment. My colleagues from UFSC, for their support and enlightenment in our regular gastronomic discussions. The LAB staff, for being this very efficient team at UFSC. God, for all blessings in my life. ABSTRACT (IN) HUMANISING LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS: A PATHWAY TO (DE) MOTIVATION DANIELLE BARBOSA LLNS DE ALMEIDA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA 2001 Supervising Professor: Dr. Mailce Borges Mota Fortkamp The concept of humanistic language teaching brought into the field of Teaching English as a Foreign Language - TEFL - takes a new view of the language teacher which includes the recognition of the importance of our students’ personal development. In this sense, the present study improves our current understanding of motivation by investigating this issue from an alternative perspective, by checking the extent to which the applicability of humanistic principles in language classrooms promotes an increase in students’ motivational level. The data for the present study were collected at the Colégio de Aplicação of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), during the months of February, March, and April of the first semester of the year 2001, totalling 16.5 hours of classroom observation and video-recording. Two different groups of intermediate learners VI of English as a Foreign Language - one in the 1^ year of high school and the other in the 2"** - were observed in order to establish if the two distinct teachers in these classes made use of humanistic practices and if these practices proved to be useful in attempting to make students’ motivational level increase. For the data collection, three instruments were used; (1) classroom observation, (2) questionnaires assessing students’ motivational level and (3) interview with the two teachers involved in the study. The data analysis corroborates the assumption that the more a teacher applies humanistic practices to his/her classes, the higher the level of motivation of his/her students. However, the relationship between the application of humanistic practices in the foreign language classroom and students’ motivation can be regarded as a complex one, as this complexity includes notions of classroom management to be applied by the teacher of EFL. Number of pages; 97 Number of words; 26.612 v il RESUMO (IN) HUMANISING LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS: A PATHWAY TO (DE) MOTIVATION DANIELLE BARBOSA LINS DE ALMEIDA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA 2001 Professora Orientadora: Dra. Mailce B.M. Fortkamp 0 presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar a relação entre princípios humanistas na prática pedagógica de professores de inglês e a motivação dos alunos para aprender uma língua estrangeira dentro do contexto da escola pública brasileira. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Colégio de Aplicação da UFSC, entre os meses de fevereiro, março e abril de 2001. Dois grupos distintos de nível intermediário de língua inglesa foram observados a fim de identificar se as duas professoras desses grupos faziam uso de práticas humanistas e se tais práticas eram eficazes no sentido de promover um aumento no nível de motivação de seus aprendizes. Cada aula observada teve a duração de quarenta e cinco minutos, totalizando 16.5 horas de observação e gravação em vídeo. Uma possível relação a ser estabelecida entre a aplicação de princípios humanistas na aula de língua estrangeira com fins de promover a motivação para a aprendizagem de língua estrangeira, deve-se ao fato de VUl que uma abordagem que privilegia a percepção individual que o aprendiz tem de si mesmo e do grupo ao qual pertence, favorece positivamente a sua auto- estima, facilitando, assim, seu crescimento em direção a tomar-se mais motivado para aprender. Os resultados corroboram a hipótese levantada no presente estudo, de que, quanto mais humanista em sua prática for o professor, mais motivado será o seu aprendiz. Todavia, a relação a ser estabelecida entre a implementação de práticas humanistas na prática pedagógica do professor de língua estrangeira e o nível de motivação de seu aprendiz pode ser considerada uma relação complexa. No caso específico do presente estudo, tal complexidade é gerada pela inclusão “de noções de gerenciamento de sala de aula, essenciais a tomar práticas humanistas mais eficazes. Dessa forma, a análise dos dados do presente estudo aponta para a relação complexa entre a implementação de práticas humanistas, noções de gerenciamento na sala de aula e a motivação dos aprendizes. Número de páginas: 97 Número de palavras; 26.612 IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CLL - Community Language Learning EFL - English as a Foreign Language ESOL - English for Speakers of Other Languages FLT - Foreign Language Teaching GI - Group One G2 - Group Two L2 - Second Language MT - Mother Tongue Q1 - Questionnaire One Q2 - Questionnaire Two SL - Second Language T1 - Teacher One T2 - Teacher Two TESOL - Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages TTT - Teacher Talking Time UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................... >v Abstract ................................................................... ....................................................................... v Resumo.......................................................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................................... Table of Contents............................................................................................................................x List of Illustrations......................................................................................................................xiM CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Statement of the problem................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Significance of the Study.................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Organisation of the Thesis..... ............................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER n - REVIEW OF LITERATURE........................................................................ 5 2.1 Defining Motivation......................................................................................................:.. • 5 2.1.1 Theories on Motivation........................................................................................ 6 2.1.2 Types of Motivation...............................................................................................9 2.1.3 Studies on L2 Motivation.....................................................................................11 2.2 Humanism: Theoretical Perspectives................................................................................17 2.2.1 Humanism in L2 Teaching and Learning ........................................... ..................18 2.2.2 Studies on Humanism in L2 Teaching and Learning..........................................23 2.2.3 Humanistic Principles........................................................................................... 26 2.2.4 Humanistic Language Learning Activities..........................................................27 2.2.5 Humanistic Approaches in L2 Learning..............................................................31 XI 2.2.5.1 Suggestopaedia........................................................................................31
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