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Jonathan Letterman
Doctor’s Orders – Jonathan Letterman SUBJECT TEACHER GRADE DATE American Studies NMCWM 04/08 Drafted: 5/11/2020 Unit: Civil War Rachel Moses Lesson: Jonathan Letterman TIME REQUIRED 30/45 Minutes OVERVIEW While he may not have been a general, Jonathan Letterman changed the course of the Civil War and of American medicine. His innovation and retooling of the Union Army’s Medical Corps during the chaotic battles of 1862 made him a hero of Civil War medicine. Jonathan Letterman became the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac on July 4, 1862. By this time, the Civil War had been raging for more than a year and the Medical Corps was in disarray. Previous Medical Directors had largely failed in their duty to adequately care for the sick and wounded on the battlefield. At the Battle of First Bull Run in July 1861, many wounded were left on the battlefield to suffer for days in the hot sun. The ambulance system of the United States Army had failed them. Letterman arrived at a crucial time; by the end of August, the Union army was on the retreat again from Bull Run. General Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia began crossing the river into Union-controlled Maryland. The stage was set for the biggest challenge of Jonathan Letterman’s life. His reorganization of the Ambulance Corps, field hospitals, and development of a tiered system of care on the battlefield forever changed how the wounded were evacuated and treated. As a testament to this, following the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, over 10,000 wounded were evacuated off the battlefield within 24 hours, an incredible feat considering the department’s previous performance. -
A Campaign of Giants: the Battle for Petersburg: Volume One, from the Crossing of the James to the Crater
Civil War Book Review Winter 2019 Article 28 A Campaign of Giants: The Battle for Petersburg: Volume One, From the Crossing of the James to the Crater Benjamin F. Cooling [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Cooling, Benjamin F. (2019) "A Campaign of Giants: The Battle for Petersburg: Volume One, From the Crossing of the James to the Crater," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 21 : Iss. 1 . DOI: 10.31390/cwbr.21.1.28 Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol21/iss1/28 Cooling: A Campaign of Giants: The Battle for Petersburg: Volume One, Fro Review Cooling, Benjamin F. Winter 2019 Greene, Wilson A. A Campaign of Giants: The Battle for Petersburg. Volume One, From the Crossing of the James to the Crater. University of North Carolina Press, $29.95 ISBN 9781469638577 The conclusion of the Centenary of World War I may be the appropriate moment to re-visit America’s forerunner to modern siege warfare, the ten-month Richmond-Petersburg campaign which all but concluded the agonizingly long struggle in the eastern theater. Just as the Western Front in France eventually cracked, opening the way to the Armistice, so too did Robert E. Lee’s determined stand for the Confederate capital, thus leading to the Appomattox solution. In a comprehensive, labor of love based on encyclopedic knowledge of men and events, long-time Petersburg authority A. Wilson Greene prepares a three-volume treatise, the first of which covers what essentially can be found in essays in Gary Gallagher and Caroline Janney, Cold Harbor to the Crater: The End of the Overland Campaign (2015) or Earl J. -
Confederate Gazettegazette St
January, 2012 Volume 24 Number 8 ConfederateConfederate GazetteGazette st Lee-Jackson on January 21 Major The Major Robert M. White The dress for the event is Robert M. White Camp #1250 will hold its 24th either period, formal wear, Camp #1250 Sons of Confederate Annual Lee-Jackson Dinner cocktail, or “Sunday best” Veterans on Saturday night, January attire. Temple, Texas 21, 2012. For more information and The event will be held at the reservations contact Steve www.scvtemple.com Cultural Activities Center Wooley at 254-986-2264 or John Larson, Jr. rd located at , 3011 North 3 via email at wool44@ em- Camp Commander Street, in Temple. The fes- barqmail.com. 9645 FM 438 tivities will begin with a so- Troy, TX 76579 This annual event honors cial hour at 6:00 PM fol- Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. John C. Perry lowed by a dinner at 7:00 “Stonewall” Jackson who Newsletter Editor PM. The cost of the meal will both have January birthdays. P.O. Box 794 be $18 per person. The Camp has held a special Salado, TX 76571 The featured speaker for the January dinner, since the © 2012, Major Robert M. rd Special guest, H.K. Edgerto, event will be 3 Texas Divi- speaking at 2011 Lee- camp was founded in 1988. White Camp #1250 sion Commander David Jackson Dinner. Until 1998 the event honored Moore, just Lee, but Jackson was Inside this issue: Division Sues State of Texas Profile on: 2 On December 8th the Texas sought from the State of ans. Currently, the SCV has Division of the Sons of Con- Texas, through the Depart- specialty automobile license John Pegram federate Veterans sued the ment Motor Vehicles (DMV) plates available to vehicle State of Texas for the Board, approval of a special- drivers in 9 other states. -
Battle-Of-Waynesboro
Battlefield Waynesboro Driving Tour AREA AT WAR The Battle of Waynesboro Campaign Timeline 1864-1865: Jubal Early’s Last Stand Sheridan’s Road The dramatic Union victory at the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864, had effectively ended to Petersburg Confederate control in the Valley. Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early “occasionally came up to the front and Winchester barked, but there was no more bite in him,” as one Yankee put it. Early attempted a last offensive in mid- October 19, 1864 November 1864, but his weakened cavalry was defeated by Union Gen. Philip H. Sheridan’s cavalry at Kernstown Union Gen. Philip H. Sheridan Newtown (Stephens City) and Ninevah, forcing Early to withdraw. The Union cavalry now so defeats Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early at Cedar Creek. overpowered his own that Early could no longer maneuver offensively. A Union reconnaissance Strasburg Front Royal was repulsed at Rude’s Hill on November 22, and a second Union cavalry raid was turned mid-November 1864 back at Lacey Spring on December 21, ending active operations for the winter season. Early’s weakened cavalry The winter was disastrous for the Confederate army, which was no longer able is defeated in skirmishes at to sustain itself on the produce of the Valley, which had been devastated by Newtown and Ninevah. the destruction of “The Burning.” Rebel cavalry and infantry were returned November 22, to Lee’s army at Petersburg or dispersed to feed and forage for themselves. 1864 Union cavalry repulsed in a small action at Rude’s Hill. Prelude to Battle Harrisonburg December 21, McDowell 1864 As the winter waned and spring approached, Confederates defeat Federals the Federals began to move. -
Chapter 11: the Civil War, 1861-1865
The Civil War 1861–1865 Why It Matters The Civil War was a milestone in American history. The four-year-long struggle determined the nation’s future. With the North’s victory, slavery was abolished. During the war, the Northern economy grew stronger, while the Southern economy stagnated. Military innovations, including the expanded use of railroads and the telegraph, coupled with a general conscription, made the Civil War the first “modern” war. The Impact Today The outcome of this bloody war permanently changed the nation. • The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery. • The power of the federal government was strengthened. The American Vision Video The Chapter 11 video, “Lincoln and the Civil War,” describes the hardships and struggles that Abraham Lincoln experienced as he led the nation in this time of crisis. 1862 • Confederate loss at Battle of Antietam 1861 halts Lee’s first invasion of the North • Fort Sumter fired upon 1863 • First Battle of Bull Run • Lincoln presents Emancipation Proclamation 1859 • Battle of Gettysburg • John Brown leads raid on federal ▲ arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia Lincoln ▲ 1861–1865 ▲ ▲ 1859 1861 1863 ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ 1861 1862 1863 • Russian serfs • Source of the Nile River • French troops 1859 emancipated by confirmed by John Hanning occupy Mexico • Work on the Suez Czar Alexander II Speke and James A. Grant City Canal begins in Egypt 348 Charge by Don Troiani, 1990, depicts the advance of the Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry during the Battle of Chancellorsville. 1865 • Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse • Abraham Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth 1864 • Fall of Atlanta HISTORY • Sherman marches ▲ A. -
American Civil War
American Civil War Major Battles & Minor Engagements 1861-1865 1861 ........ p. 2 1862 ........ p. 4 1863 ........ p. 9 1864 ........ p. 13 1865 ........ p. 19 CIVIL WAR IMPRESSIONIST ASSOCIATION 1 Civil War Battles: 1861 Eastern Theater April 12 - Battle of Fort Sumter (& Fort Moultie), Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. The bombardment/siege and ultimate surrender of Fort Sumter by Brig. General P.G.T. Beauregard was the official start of the Civil War. https://www.nps.gov/fosu/index.htm June 3 - Battle of Philippi, (West) Virginia A skirmish involving over 3,000 soldiers, Philippi was the first battle of the American Civil War. June 10 - Big Bethel, Virginia The skirmish of Big Bethel was the first land battle of the civil war and was a portent of the carnage that was to come. July 11 - Rich Mountain, (West) Virginia July 21 - First Battle of Bull Run, Manassas, Virginia Also known as First Manassas, the first major engagement of the American Civil War was a shocking rout of Union soldiers by confederates at Manassas Junction, VA. August 28-29 - Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina September 10 - Carnifax Ferry, (West) Virginia September 12-15 - Cheat Mountain, (West) Virginia October 3 - Greenbrier River, (West) Virginia October 21 - Ball's Bluff, Virginia October 9 - Battle of Santa Rosa Island, Santa Rosa Island (Florida) The Battle of Santa Rosa Island was a failed attempt by Confederate forces to take the Union-held Fort Pickens. November 7-8 - Battle of Port Royal Sound, Port Royal Sound, South Carolina The battle of Port Royal was one of the earliest amphibious operations of the American Civil War. -
1 Marks, James Junius. the Peninsular Campaign in Virginia
Marks, James Junius. The Peninsular Campaign in Virginia, Or Incidents and Scenes on the Battle-Fields and in Richmond. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1864. CHAPTER I. Early Camp-life — Dr. John Crawford — Memorials of many Virginia Families — Fairfax Seminary — Bishop Meade ... 21 CHAPTER II. Encampment on the Farm of George Mason, Esq. — Character of this Man — Appearance of the Country — General Desolation — The Discipline of the Camp — General .Jameson — Mrs. Jameson — The Daily Life of the Army — Personal Influence of Officers. 28 CHAPTER III. The Chaplain and his Duties — Distribution of Books — Religious Services — The Obstacles to Success — No Protection nor assigned Duties — Treatment of the Chaplains by many Officers — The Tendencies of Military Law 44 CHAPTER IV. The Revival — Gloom and Discontent from Inaction — Tent for Public Worship — Dedication Scene — The Soldier alone with his Mother — The Formation of a Camp Church — Progress of the Revival — Letter of Mansfield Brown, Esq 58 CHAPTER V. Scenes in the Neighborhood of Mount Vernon — The Quakers — Their Loyalty — The Washington Family, and Traditions of General Washington — The Lewis Estate — Our Pickets in that Neighborhood — The Old Church of Washington at Pohick — The various Great Estates in that Neighborhood — A Woman's Revenge. 67 CHAPTER VI. The Slaves — Their Condition — Story of Hanson Yerly 89 CHAPTER VII. Embarkation for the Peninsula — Fortress Monroe — Early Discoveries — Description of the Country and its Wealth — Fight between the Merrimac and Monitor — Excitement and Terror at the Fortress Ill CHAPTER VIII. Fortress Monroe — The Ruins of Hampton — The Scene attending its Destruction — The Assembling of the Grand Army of the Potomac on the Plains of Hampton — The Novelty and Splendor of the Spectacle — March upon Yorktown 127 CHAPTER IX. -
Help Save 120 Acres at Fisher's Hill
HELP SAVE 120 ACRES AT FISHER’S HILL “THERE WAS SATAN TO PAY” ● THE BATTLE OF FISHER’S HILL “There was Satan to pay on the right…a volcano of cannonade and musketry.” – U.S. Capt. John William DeForest, 12th Connecticut Infantry Sketch of battle by James E. Taylor. Courtesy the Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio “THE ONLY PLACE WHERE A STAND COULD BE MADE” from the VI Corps, in the center of the Union line, advanced to the ridgeline opposite Pegram’s Hill, prompting a furious response from After a series of victories in the summer of 1864 by Confederates southern artillery. Capt. Fitts remembered [how] “The rushing and under Gen. Jubal A. Early had thrown the north into an uproar screaming of the ponderous missiles filled the air.” and imperiled Abraham Lincoln’s reelection, Union Gen. Philip H. Sheridan was sent to the Shenandoah Valley to bring an end to Crook launched his assault about 4 pm, scattering the Confederate Confederate dominance. After Sheridan’s much-larger force cavalry and hitting the end of the southern line “like a thunderbolt.” delivered a crushing defeat to Early’s army at Third Winchester Gen. Stephen Dodson Ramseur’s men initially put up a stubborn on September 19, Early withdrew his army south to the imposing resistance, but broke under pressure from multiple directions. defensive position of Fisher’s Hill, which Early believed “was the Sheridan ordered the rest of the Federals forward. In the center, the only place where a stand could be made.” The Federals pursued, troops of the VI Corps moved across the target property, past Pifer’s and by September 21 the armies faced each other again. -
Civil War Fought for the Union Which Represent 52% of the Sons of Harvard Killed in Action During This Conflict
Advocates for Harvard ROTC . H CRIMSON UNION ARMY VETERANS Total served Died in service Killed in action Died by disease Harvard College grads 475 73 69 26 Harvard College- non grads 114 22 Harvard Graduate schools 349 22 NA NA Total 938 117 69 26 The above total of Harvard alumni who died in the service of the Union included 5 major generals, 3 Brigadier Generals, 6 colonels, 19 LT Colonels and majors, 17 junior officers in the Army, 3 sergeants plus 3 Naval officers, including 2 Medical doctors. 72% of all Harvard alumni who served in the Civil War fought for the Union which represent 52% of the sons of Harvard killed in action during this conflict. As result among Harvard alumni, Union military losses were 10% compared with a 21% casualty rate for the Confederate Army. The battle of Gettysburg (PA) had the highest amount of Harvard alumni serving in the Union Army who were killed in action (i.e. 11), in addition 3 Harvard alumni Confederates also died in this battle. Secondly, seven Crimson warriors made the supreme sacrifice for the Union at Antietam (MD) with 5 more were killed in the battles of Cedar Mountain (VA) and Fredericksburg (VA). As expected, most of the Harvard alumni who died in the service of the Union were born and raised in the Northeastern states (e.g. 74% from Massachusetts). However, 9 Harvard alumni Union casualties were from the Mid West including one from the border state of Missouri. None of these Harvard men were from southern states. The below men who made the supreme sacrifice for their country to preserve the union which also resulted in the abolition of slavery. -
VOL. L, NO. 7 Michigan Regimental Round Table Newsletter—Page 1 August 2010
VOL. L, NO. 7 Michigan Regimental Round Table Newsletter—Page 1 August 2010 On June 7, 1864, 9300 Federal horsemen under Major General Phil Sheridan traveled northwestward from their camps at Cold Harbor. Their orders were to join forces with Major General David Hunter advancing from the Shenandoah Valley, then destroy the Virginia Central Railroad and the James River Canal. For four days Sheridan led his troopers toward Trevilian Station, a freight and water stop on the vital Confederate railroad. While the Federals rode leisurely, Major General Wade Hampton pushed his 6400 Rebels to intercept this Federal menace. The two forces clashed about 5:00 A.M. on June 11, two miles northeast of the depot. Troops on both sides were ordered to dismount as the fighting took place among a tract of dense underbrush and trees. Fighting blindly in the thick growth caused confusion as many from both sides fired into their own men. Late in the morning Sheridan committed another division which smashed Hampton’s front. As many of Hampton’s men fled toward the depot, they were met by the “Wolverines” of George Armstrong Custer. Hampton’s incensed troopers charged, and a furious struggle ensued. From three sides Confederate reinforcements closed in on Custer’s beleaguered men for a number of hours in the stifling heat. Finally the Federals cracked a seam in the Confederate lines and escaped. The next morning Sheridan’s horsemen renewed the attack, and during the afternoon South Carolinians under Matthew Calbraith Butler repulsed seven separate attacks by General Wesley Merritt and Colonel Thomas C. -
Stephen Dill Lee: a Biography
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 Stephen Dill Lee: a Biography. Herman Morell Hattaway Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Hattaway, Herman Morell, "Stephen Dill Lee: a Biography." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1597. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1597 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-244 HATTAWAY, Herman Morell, 1938- STEPHEN DILL LEE: A BIOGRAPHY. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1969 History, modern University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan © HERMAN MORELL HATTAWAY 1970 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. STEPHEN DILL LEE: A BIOGRAPHY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Herman Morell Hattaway B.A., Louisiana State University, 1961 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1963 May, 1969 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish first to express my thanks to my major professor, Dr. T. Harry Williams for help, guidance, advice, and encouragement. He first suggested that I work on Stephen D. -
Student Handout 3-Burning of Chambersburg--Behind the Marker
Student Handout 3-Burning of Chambersburg--Behind the Marker When Chambersburg residents learned on the morning of July 30, 1864 that yet another Confederate cavalry raid was approaching their city, most people were not overly concerned. Rebels had occupied the city in October 1862 and again in June 1863, soon before the Battle of Gettysburg. On both occasions Southern troops had behaved reasonably well, although they had burned military supplies and railroad equipment during Jeb Stuart's raid of 1862. But this time would be different. Eighteen sixty four was an election year, and Union armies, after making steady progress in Virginia and Georgia, seemed to be stalemated by the Confederates. President Lincoln feared, with good reason, that he would not be re-elected if his generals failed to provide military victories. And in the Shenandoah Valley, Jubal Early's troops had recently defeated Union General David Hunter's forces, then managed to approach the forts defending Washington D.C. before falling back in the face of Union reinforcements. Earlier that summer, General Hunter had permitted his troops to loot and burn private property in the Valley. To retaliate, General Early came to the conclusion that “it was time to open the eyes of the people of the North to this enormity, by example in the way of retaliation.” Early decided that Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, would be the object of his retribution. First though, he would give its residents the chance to hand over $100,000 in gold or $500,000 in currency to compensate people in the Valley for the loss of their homes.