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Home , Battle of Piedmont, Battle of Williamsburg, David Hunter, First Battle of Bull Run, John McCausland, John Pegram (general)

6 ◆ THE NEWS & ADVANCE ◆ newsadvance.com JUNE 2014 ◆ 7 Number of troops involved in battle CAMPBELL MAN SCOUTS FOR SOUTH Hunter’s Raid !!!!!!!! 150th ANNIVERSARY THE BATTLE OF LYNCHBURG !!!!!!!! Staunton = 1,000 Union soldiers » Maj. Saunders, of Union applies tactics Campbell County, scouted Union » Maj. Gen. led about 18,000 Union troops = 1,000 Confederate soldiers Maj. Gen. David Hunter’s position in the into the on , 1864. From Lexington South, according to“Campaign and Battle there, the troops went through Staunton, Lexington of Lynchburg,Va.” He also fought with Brig. (where they seized VMI’s bronze statue of George Ja LOCAL HELPS STALL Gen.John McCausland and Brig. Gen. m Confederate Washington) and Buchanan, burning down buildings es Hunter’s Raid John Imboden at the Quaker Riv HUNTER AT BEDFORD and other structures along the way, according to er route » Confederate Col. J.W. Watts, of Liberty Meeting House. Natural “Hunter’s Raid: Defending Hearth and Home.” Bridge (now Bedford), was assigned to a group of EARLY’S Buchanon » Early’s force by June 18, 1864 troops that blocked Union Maj. Gen. ay rkw David Hunter’s advance from Buchanan RIGHT-HAND MAN Pa e Peaks of Otter to Peaks of Otter, according to“Campaign » John Warrick Daniel, Ridg deception leads to Blue Lynchburg Total number of casualties* and Battle of Lynchburg,Va.” of Lynchburg, was ’s chief of The blockcade bought Confederates staff during the Civil War. He arrived with Hanging Rock Early on the fi rst train to Lynchburg to in Lynchburg more time to Bedford prepare for battle. defend the city from Union forces, New London = 100 deaths according to the Battle of Lynchburg Source: Huntersraid.org * Historic Sandusky director Greg Starbuck video tour. Daniel would go on

says he has heard anywhere from “200 to LORI Union confusion F DA to become a fi ve-term Present-day N 900” casualties. ARKA SAS Riverside Hunter vs. McCausland: Part I SO MIS URI senator.

NTU Park KE CKY » On June 15, Hunter’s army passed through the BY JON NESS •THE NEWS & ADVANCE GEORG IA Peaks of Otter and reached Liberty, according A BA AL M A

NNESS TE EE to the Battle of Lynchburg driving tour. Hunter’s

he Battle of Lynchburg took place June 17-18, 1864, as part of Hunter’s Raid, an offensive ordered by Union Gen. Ulysses S. OUI S IAN 6 Old City Cemetery serves as ‘resting place’ L A army, which was made up of two infantry

S S I S S I M I P MAJ. GEN. ROBERT Grant aimed at destroying the and railroad network link in Lynchburg that supplied the Confederate PI » Built in 1806, the cemetery is the oldest in Lynchburg and includes divisions, two divisions and six artillery THCARO OU LIN S A R O D E S batteries drove back Confederate Tarmy around Richmond. Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee ordered Lt. Gen. Jubal Early’s Second Corps to stop Union Maj. La Civil War soldiers from the South, and for a short time, some Union CAR RTH OL nghorne NO IN Brig. Gen. John McCausland’s Gen. David Hunter’s advance to Lynchburg. The battle occurred in a number of spots in the city, including the Quaker Meeting AND A troops, according to the Battle of Lynchburg driving tour. It also included GI VIR NIA much smaller forces, setting up the SOLDIERS those who fought in the Battle of Lynchburg.The cemetery still is in use House, Fort Early and Fort McCausland. SLEE P HERE showdown in Lynchburg.

Ro today. ad » The Inner Defenses ran through the cemetery, and on the nights Riv Ja ermont m Or of of June 17 and 18, the VMI Cadets Corps, which took part in the es 4 McCausland clashes with Duffié, holds left fl ank a ng Riv e battle, slept in the area. er » On June 18, Union Brig. Gen. Alfred Duffié advanced along Old Forest Road and Av & Old Jube vs. Black Dave enue Ale Downtown » A monument dedicated to fallen Confederate soldiers (left) xa 5 was met by Confederate Brig. Gen. John McCausland and his troops. The Union move n sits in the Confederate section of the cemetery. dria Lynchburg vital to was part of Maj. Gen. David Hunter’s concurrent attacks up the middle at Fort Early Ra CONFEDERACY ilr o and on the left fl ank at Fort McCausland, according to the Battle of Lynchburg ad Confederates Lt. Gen. Jubal Early driving tour. » During the Civil War, » McCausland and his troops had moved from the Quaker Meeting House downtown Lynchburg served » Born: November 3, 1816 Cr McCausland to defend the left fl ank of the defense line, located on what is now anehill as a supply station for (Franklin County, Va.) Road Col. Augustus Co Langhorne Road. eek mmer goods needed by Confederate » Died: March 2, 1894 r Cr FORSBERG te 5 » During the two-hour fi ght, the Union faced ce Gen. Robert E. Lee’s forces in (Lynchburg,Va.) Col. John wa massive resistance from Confederate troops, Black Str Petersburg, according to the » War experience WYNKOOP BOTETOURT eet 6 Ta Brig. Gen. Gabreil including cannon fi re. McCausland and his troops BRIG. GEN. ALFRED ARTILLERY y Battle of Lynchburg driving ❖ Wars lor WHARTON (Capt. H.C. Douthat) defended a nearby railroad bridge that crossed the Str tour. ❖ Mexican-American War D U F F I É Chur Blackwater Creek and served the and Old City eet » It was the target of Maj. Gen. ❖ Civil War Cemetery MAJ. GEN. JOHN ch Duffié Road Tennessee Railroad line. Union troops withdrawed Col. R.F. Forest Str David Hunter’s attack and had » ad sent-Day BRECKENRIDGE Ro (Pre ad) BRIG. GEN. JOHN C. eet after unsuccessfully crossing the bridge. rest TAYLOR ghorne Ro (Lt. Gen. D.H. Hill took command due to it been successful, the attack » Fo Lan eet L » As Duffié continued to battle McCausland, it is said he heard Old M c C A U S L A N D Str I L Breckenridge injury until Early arrived) H probably would have sped up » B 5th trains coming in and out of , believing the deception by Lt. Gen E G the end of the war. » Campaign E Jubal Early. When Duffié heard Hunter had retreated, he followed suit. Old L Col. George » Downtown Lynchburg » Fore 4 Brig. Gen. Gabreil L st O WHARTON C PATTON eet also contained a number of » Ro Str d ad » Battle of Chancellorsville Railroa Inner Defenses 12th warehouse hospitals that nnessee & Te Col. Thomas inia Warehouse housed wounded Confederate » Virg SMITH Present-day hospitals Col. Thomas ue soldiers. » Agudath E A R L Y n UNION STRATEGY SMITH ve » Battle of Lynchburg (Valley Campaigns) Sholom A k Synagogue r » Battle of Waynesboro Pa Brig. Gen. J.C. » After the Confederate surrender, Early Grant Key sites on Confederate outer defense line VAUGHN N GEN. ARNOLD escaped to , then , where he A E L Z E Y Fort Early: Earthen protection center. Campbell goes on offensive A eet worked on his memoir. He was pardoned by Present-day Court

Str hous l President Andrew Jackson in 1868 and returned Memoria Miller Park Presbyterian e Road Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (above) sent three Union armies B Fort McCausland: Located west of Fort Early, the 12th to Virginia in 1869, where he was a strong Cemetery toward Richmond to battle the Confederates, earthen site was more than two miles in length and Col. George

proponent of the Lost Cause movement. defended the left fl ank. according to the Battle of Lynchburg driving tour: PATTON A

» Early is buried at Spring Hill Cemetery. ve 1) Army of the Potomac under Maj. Gen. George nue Inner and outer defenses Meade moved toward Richmond to battle Gen. Brig. Gen. Robert Key UNION Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. JOHNSTON » Before Lt. Gen.Jubal Early arrived in 2) Second army under Maj. Gen. William Sherman drove toward Present-day MAJ. GEN. STEPHEN Lynchburg, the Confederate forces in the Confederates Maj. Gen. David Hunter e Lynchburg Brig. Gen. Robert Georgia to battle Confederates in Tennessee. Lak city were commanded by Maj. Gen.John R A M S E U R y e College LILLEY »Born: July 21, 1802 (Troy, N.Y.) 3) Maj. Gen. David Hunter’s army moved toward lleg wa Breckenridge, who was on the mend follow- Co (Brig. Gen. Spring Hill Infantry Cavalry »Died: Feb. 2, 1886 Lynchburg to cut off the Confederates’ supply ) Cemetery ess ing the Battle of Cold Harbor, according to the pr

(Washington, D.C.) ue Ex Artillery Skirmishers route to Lee’s army in Petersburg. n Battle of Lynchburg driving tour. g ve » War experience A » Another offi cer, Lt. Gen. D.H. Hill, and his t Brig. Gen. r ❖ Fo chbur troops built a defense line near downtown William n Union ❖ Mexican-American War Outer defense line LEWIS Ly Lynchburg, known as the Inner Defenses. ❖ Civil War MAJ. GEN. JOHN » When Early arrived, he felt the line needed to 1 Union seizes Sandusky for headquarters on June 17 Infantry Cavalry » First Battle of Bull Run Jubal Early G O R D O N be moved farther out from downtown. He feared » The Sandusky house, owned by Maj. George Hutter, was important to the Monument » Battle of Fort Pulaski potential shelling would damage property and Artillery Skirmishers » Battle of Piedmont Union operation in Lynchburg, serving as Maj. Gen. David Hunter’s command Brig. Gen. Brig. Gen. Zebulon Clement “injure many of Lynchburg’s citizens,” according » Battle of Lynchburg post, according to the Battle of Lynchburg driving tour. Future presidents A YORK EVANS to “Campaign and Battle of Lynchburg,Va.” » In May 1862, he gave an unauthorized order to free Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley were among the troops who 3 » The outer defense trenches were dug slaves in Georgia, Florida and South Carolina. Presi- stayed there. Other famous people who stayed at the house included along a line that extended from modern day Present day roads dent rescinded the order, saying it another president — Thomas Jefferson. Col. George Langhorne Road, south of Memorial Avenue, was up to the government to make the decision. WELLS to the Lynchburg Expressway, according to the Civil War-era roads » Hunter was criticized for his hesitation during the driving tour. William McKinley, pictured 1865 Battle of Lynchburg and resigned in July 1864. Civil War-era railroads » Hunter also served as president of a military BRIG. GEN. JEREMIAH Col. Joseph eek commission trying conspirators involved in Lincoln’s S U L L I V A N THOBURN Cr A bond 3 Union strikes Confederate troops at Fort Early assassination. that began in the Civil War Capt. Henry Fishing DuPONT » On the morning of June 18, Union Maj. Gen. David Hunter attacked » Rutherford B. Hayes’ style in dealing with Fort Early, which was manned by Confederate artillery and infantry Track conditions derail Confederates the troops impressed William McKinley, H U N T E R forces. Hunter’s troops faced stiff resistance, according to the Battle beginning a friendship that would continue » The Orange & Alexandria Railroad from Col. Carr of Lynchburg driving tour. Union Brig. Gen. and his men until Hayes’ death in 1893, according to Col. Rutherford B. Charlottesville to Lynchburg was in poor condition, Rutherford WHITE attempted to break the Confederate line on the right fl ank, but failed B. Hayes, HAYES “Major McKinley: William McKinley and the 1 e and fell back with Union forces attacking the center. allowing half of Lt. Gen. Jubal Early’s men to arrive pictured in Col. Jacob. Crook 1861 Civil War.” Hayes also became McKinley’s » Lt. Gen. Jubal Early’s Confederate forces launched a counterattack June 17, according to the Battle of Lynchburg driving urnpikay ) CAMPBELL mentor during and after the Civil War. T -D nt nue toward the center of the Union push, surprising Hunter and Brig. Gen. tour. The other half would arrive the evening Brig. Gen. John em l ve ese A y IMBODEN Sa r Jerimiah Sullivan. of June 18 after the battle had Sa rt (P wa Fo ndusk BRIG. GEN. GEORGE » Sullivan and Crook broke part of the Confederate line in the mid- concluded. ess C R O O K pr afternoon. Again, they faced resistance from Confederate forces, 2 Shots fi red at Quaker Meeting House y Ex Dr Wa g which drove the Union troops back. It would be the last attack by the iv rd Sullivan » On June 17, the Battle of Lynchburg began as Union Col. William SC e s Union in Lynchburg. H Co Ro POWELL OONMAKERl. troops under Brig. Gen. William Averell advanced north nchbur Jame ad F O R T H I L L

Ly on Salem Turnpike (Fort Avenue) from the town of Lib- s 2 erty (known today as Bedford). They faced resistance Brig. Gen. John from Confederate Brig. Gen. John McCausland and Averell Col. Carr McCAUSLAND Candlers Brig. Gen. John Imboden, both who occupied the high WHITE Mountain Ro Early tricks Union troops ground at the meeting house. According to the Battle ad » On the evening of June 17, it is said Confederate of Lynchburg driving tour, the skirmish was Lynchburg’s Rodes, Lt. Gen. Jubal Early ran a train with empty cars in Quaker pretty even until Union Brig. Meeting Early at odds, again and out of Lynchburg while people cheered. The Gen. George Crook arrived House Col. John » Although it’s commonly referred to as “Fort Early,” the brick building plan was to convince Union Maj. Gen. with reinforcements. Imboden Col. Jacob » On June 17, Confederate divisions led by OLEY that houses the Fort Hill Women’s Club on Fort and Memorial avenues David Hunter that Early’s CAMPBELL Maj. Gen. Stephen Ramseur, Maj. Gen.John Rodes was not completed until 1922, nearly 60 years after the Civil War ended. Second Corps was arriving, Gordon and Lt. Gen.Jubal Early took train cars to The site of the actual Fort Early is the land that surrounds the building. according to the Present- Lynchburg to help protect the city from the Union attack, according to Battle of Lynchburg BRIG. GEN. WILLIAM day Quick history of Quaker Meeting House River “Campaign and Battle of Lynchburg,Va.” by Charles Minor Blackford. driving tour. The A V E R E L L Ridge AFTER THE BATTLE Mall » A led by Lynchburg native Maj. Gen. Robert Rodes, who is buried at deception » In 1791, a stone building was constructed after Sarah Lynch, mother Presbyterian Cemetery, marched on a county road near the railroad track. McCausland and his men honored by city worked, of Lynchburg’s founder, John Lynch, donated land for the meeting house. Since the Orange and Alexandria railroad was in poor condition, only half of Early’s » According to “Campaign and Battle of Lynchburg, Va,” Brig. Gen. John making » Today, it is also known as the South River Meeting House. command made the trip to Lynchburg, which took about six hours, instead of the McCausland and his men were recognized by the City Council of Lynchburg, Hunter much » Sarah and John Lynch are buried in a cemetery adjacent to the house. usual three-hour trip, according to the Battle of Lynchburg driving tour. “for their gallantry in opposing for ten days the march of a greatly superior more » The structure, which has been restored to its 18th century appearance, » At one point, Rodes demanded that his division be sent ahead to his native city. force, thereby retarding the advance of the enemy on our city until cautious. is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. His request was denied by Early, sparking angry words between the two generals. a proper force could be organized for its defence.” » This would not be the fi rst time Rodes and Early would have been at odds » The citizens of the town also presented McCausland with a 1 mile during the Civil War. During the Battle of Gettysburg, Rodes was delayed in a sword (left) in June 1864. The U.S. model 1850 Staff and Field Sources: Battle of Lynchburg driving and video tours, Historic Sandusky Foundation, coordinated attack with Early on and Culp’s Hill, leading to a Officer’s sword and scabbard were altered and etched by Boyle, “... The enemy is retreating in confusion and, if the cavalry does its duty, Lynchburg Museum System, Southern Historical Society papers (Vol. 30), Library of major defeat on the second day of the battle. Early called Rodes’misstep Congress, Civil War Trust (civilwar.org), huntersraid.org,“Campaign and Battle of Lynchburg, Gamble, and Company in Richmond, according to the Lynchburg “the solitary instance of remissness on the part of any portion of the — Lt. Gen. Jubal Early, in a report to Gen. Robert E. Lee, dated June 19, 1864 Va” by Charles Minor Blackford,“The History of Lynchburg,Virginia, 1786-1945,” by Philip Museum System. It is on display at the Old City Courthouse Lightfoot Scruggs, Freedman & Southern Society Project, Wikipedia corps in the battle.” we will destroy them.” (from“The History of Lynchburg,Virginia, 1786-1945,” by Philip Lightfoot Scruggs) museum in downtown Lynchburg. Map source: Historic Sandusky Battle of Lynchburg driving tour • Photos: PHOTO COURTESY OF THE LYNCHBURG MUSEUM SYSTEM