Perspectives on American Mathematics
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Some History of the Conjugate Gradient and Lanczos Algorithms: 1948-1976
Some History of the Conjugate Gradient and Lanczos Algorithms: 1948-1976 Gene H. Golub; Dianne P. O'Leary SIAM Review, Vol. 31, No. 1. (Mar., 1989), pp. 50-102. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0036-1445%28198903%2931%3A1%3C50%3ASHOTCG%3E2.0.CO%3B2-S SIAM Review is currently published by Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/siam.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Fri Aug 17 11:22:18 2007 SIAM REVIEW 0 1989 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Vol. -
Karen Uhlenbeck Awarded the 2019 Abel Prize
RESEARCH NEWS Karen Uhlenbeck While she was in Urbana-Champagne (Uni- versity of Illinois), Karen Uhlenbeck worked Awarded the 2019 Abel with a postdoctoral fellow, Jonathan Sacks, Prize∗ on singularities of harmonic maps on 2D sur- faces. This was the beginning of a long journey in geometric analysis. In gauge the- Rukmini Dey ory, Uhlenbeck, in her remarkable ‘removable singularity theorem’, proved the existence of smooth local solutions to Yang–Mills equa- tions. The Fields medallist Simon Donaldson was very much influenced by her work. Sem- inal results of Donaldson and Uhlenbeck–Yau (amongst others) helped in establishing gauge theory on a firm mathematical footing. Uhlen- beck’s work with Terng on integrable systems is also very influential in the field. Karen Uhlenbeck is a professor emeritus of mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin, where she holds Sid W. Richardson Foundation Chair (since 1988). She is cur- Karen Uhlenbeck (Source: Wikimedia) rently a visiting associate at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and a visiting se- nior research scholar at Princeton University. The 2019 Abel prize for lifetime achievements She has enthused many young women to take in mathematics was awarded for the first time up mathematics and runs a mentorship pro- to a woman mathematician, Professor Karen gram for women in mathematics at Princeton. Uhlenbeck. She is famous for her work in ge- Karen loves gardening and nature hikes. Hav- ometry, analysis and gauge theory. She has ing known her personally, I found she is one of proved very important (and hard) theorems in the most kind-hearted mathematicians I have analysis and applied them to geometry and ever known. -
President's Report
Newsletter Volume 42, No. 5 • SePTemBeR–oCT oBeR 2012 PRESIDENT’S REPORT AWM Prize Winners. I am pleased to announce the winners of two of the three major prizes given by AWM at the Joint Mathematics Meetings (JMM). The Louise Hay Award is given to Amy Cohen, Rutgers University, in recognition of The purpose of the Association her “contributions to mathematics education through her writings, her talks, and for Women in Mathematics is her outstanding service to professional organizations.” The Gweneth Humphreys • to encourage women and girls to Award is given to James Morrow, University of Washington, in recognition of study and to have active careers in his “outstanding achievements in inspiring undergraduate women to discover and the mathematical sciences, and • to promote equal opportunity and pursue their passion for mathematics.” I quote from the citations written by the the equal treatment of women and selection committees and extend warm congratulations to the honorees. These girls in the mathematical sciences. awards will be presented at the Prize Session at JMM 2013 in San Diego. Congratulations to Raman Parimala, Emory University, who will present the AWM Noether Lecture at JMM 2013, entitled “A Hasse Principle for Quadratic Forms over Function Fields.” She is honored for her groundbreaking research in theory of quadratic forms, hermitian forms, linear algebraic groups, and Galois cohomology. The Noether Lecture is the oldest of the three named AWM Lectures. (The Falconer Lecture is presented at MathFest, and the Sonia Kovalevsky at the SIAM Annual Meeting.) The first Noether Lecture was given by F. Jessie MacWilliams in 1980 in recognition of her fundamental contributions to the theory of error correcting codes. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com09/24/2021 10:06:53AM Via Free Access 268 Revue De Synthèse : TOME 139 7E SÉRIE N° 3-4 (2018) Chercheur Pour IBM
REVUE DE SYNTHÈSE : TOME 139 7e SÉRIE N° 3-4 (2018) 267-288 brill.com/rds A Task that Exceeded the Technology: Early Applications of the Computer to the Lunar Three-body Problem Allan Olley* Abstract: The lunar Three-Body problem is a famously intractable problem of Newtonian mechanics. The demand for accurate predictions of lunar motion led to practical approximate solutions of great complexity, constituted by trigonometric series with hundreds of terms. Such considerations meant there was demand for high speed machine computation from astronomers during the earliest stages of computer development. One early innovator in this regard was Wallace J. Eckert, a Columbia University professor of astronomer and IBM researcher. His work illustrates some interesting features of the interaction between computers and astronomy. Keywords: history of astronomy – three body problem – history of computers – Wallace J. Eckert Une tâche excédant la technologie : l’utilisation de l’ordinateur dans le problème lunaire des trois corps Résumé : Le problème des trois corps appliqué à la lune est un problème classique de la mécanique newtonienne, connu pour être insoluble avec des méthodes exactes. La demande pour des prévisions précises du mouvement lunaire menait à des solutions d’approximation pratiques qui étaient d’une complexité considérable, avec des séries tri- gonométriques contenant des centaines de termes. Cela a très tôt poussé les astronomes à chercher des outils de calcul et ils ont été parmi les premiers à utiliser des calculatrices rapides, dès les débuts du développement des ordinateurs modernes. Un innovateur des ces années-là est Wallace J. Eckert, professeur d’astronomie à Columbia University et * Allan Olley, born in 1979, he obtained his PhD-degree from the Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science Technology (IHPST), University of Toronto in 2011. -
Janko's Sporadic Simple Groups
Janko’s Sporadic Simple Groups: a bit of history Algebra, Geometry and Computation CARMA, Workshop on Mathematics and Computation Terry Gagen and Don Taylor The University of Sydney 20 June 2015 Fifty years ago: the discovery In January 1965, a surprising announcement was communicated to the international mathematical community. Zvonimir Janko, working as a Research Fellow at the Institute of Advanced Study within the Australian National University had constructed a new sporadic simple group. Before 1965 only five sporadic simple groups were known. They had been discovered almost exactly one hundred years prior (1861 and 1873) by Émile Mathieu but the proof of their simplicity was only obtained in 1900 by G. A. Miller. Finite simple groups: earliest examples É The cyclic groups Zp of prime order and the alternating groups Alt(n) of even permutations of n 5 items were the earliest simple groups to be studied (Gauss,≥ Euler, Abel, etc.) É Evariste Galois knew about PSL(2,p) and wrote about them in his letter to Chevalier in 1832 on the night before the duel. É Camille Jordan (Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques,1870) wrote about linear groups defined over finite fields of prime order and determined their composition factors. The ‘groupes abéliens’ of Jordan are now called symplectic groups and his ‘groupes hypoabéliens’ are orthogonal groups in characteristic 2. É Émile Mathieu introduced the five groups M11, M12, M22, M23 and M24 in 1861 and 1873. The classical groups, G2 and E6 É In his PhD thesis Leonard Eugene Dickson extended Jordan’s work to linear groups over all finite fields and included the unitary groups. -
Twenty Female Mathematicians Hollis Williams
Twenty Female Mathematicians Hollis Williams Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Alba Carballo González for support and encouragement. 1 Table of Contents Sofia Kovalevskaya ................................................................................................................................. 4 Emmy Noether ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Mary Cartwright ................................................................................................................................... 26 Julia Robinson ....................................................................................................................................... 36 Olga Ladyzhenskaya ............................................................................................................................. 46 Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat ....................................................................................................................... 56 Olga Oleinik .......................................................................................................................................... 67 Charlotte Fischer .................................................................................................................................. 77 Karen Uhlenbeck .................................................................................................................................. 87 Krystyna Kuperberg ............................................................................................................................. -
Interview of Albert Tucker
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange About Harlan D. Mills Science Alliance 9-1975 Interview of Albert Tucker Terry Speed Evar Nering Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_harlanabout Part of the Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Speed, Terry and Nering, Evar, "Interview of Albert Tucker" (1975). About Harlan D. Mills. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_harlanabout/13 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Science Alliance at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in About Harlan D. Mills by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Princeton Mathematics Community in the 1930s (PMC39)The Princeton Mathematics Community in the 1930s Transcript Number 39 (PMC39) © The Trustees of Princeton University, 1985 ALBERT TUCKER CAREER, PART 2 This is a continuation of the account of the career of Albert Tucker that was begun in the interview conducted by Terry Speed in September 1975. This recording was made in March 1977 by Evar Nering at his apartment in Scottsdale, Arizona. Tucker: I have recently received the tapes that Speed made and find that these tapes carried my history up to approximately 1938. So the plan is to continue the history. In the late '30s I was working in combinatorial topology with not a great deal of results to show. I guess I was really more interested in my teaching. I had an opportunity to teach an undergraduate course in topology, combinatorial topology that is, classification of 2-dimensional surfaces and that sort of thing. -
A Century of Mathematics in America, Peter Duren Et Ai., (Eds.), Vol
Garrett Birkhoff has had a lifelong connection with Harvard mathematics. He was an infant when his father, the famous mathematician G. D. Birkhoff, joined the Harvard faculty. He has had a long academic career at Harvard: A.B. in 1932, Society of Fellows in 1933-1936, and a faculty appointmentfrom 1936 until his retirement in 1981. His research has ranged widely through alge bra, lattice theory, hydrodynamics, differential equations, scientific computing, and history of mathematics. Among his many publications are books on lattice theory and hydrodynamics, and the pioneering textbook A Survey of Modern Algebra, written jointly with S. Mac Lane. He has served as president ofSIAM and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Mathematics at Harvard, 1836-1944 GARRETT BIRKHOFF O. OUTLINE As my contribution to the history of mathematics in America, I decided to write a connected account of mathematical activity at Harvard from 1836 (Harvard's bicentennial) to the present day. During that time, many mathe maticians at Harvard have tried to respond constructively to the challenges and opportunities confronting them in a rapidly changing world. This essay reviews what might be called the indigenous period, lasting through World War II, during which most members of the Harvard mathe matical faculty had also studied there. Indeed, as will be explained in §§ 1-3 below, mathematical activity at Harvard was dominated by Benjamin Peirce and his students in the first half of this period. Then, from 1890 until around 1920, while our country was becoming a great power economically, basic mathematical research of high quality, mostly in traditional areas of analysis and theoretical celestial mechanics, was carried on by several faculty members. -
Academic Genealogy of the Oakland University Department Of
Basilios Bessarion Mystras 1436 Guarino da Verona Johannes Argyropoulos 1408 Università di Padova 1444 Academic Genealogy of the Oakland University Vittorino da Feltre Marsilio Ficino Cristoforo Landino Università di Padova 1416 Università di Firenze 1462 Theodoros Gazes Ognibene (Omnibonus Leonicenus) Bonisoli da Lonigo Angelo Poliziano Florens Florentius Radwyn Radewyns Geert Gerardus Magnus Groote Università di Mantova 1433 Università di Mantova Università di Firenze 1477 Constantinople 1433 DepartmentThe Mathematics Genealogy Project of is a serviceMathematics of North Dakota State University and and the American Statistics Mathematical Society. Demetrios Chalcocondyles http://www.mathgenealogy.org/ Heinrich von Langenstein Gaetano da Thiene Sigismondo Polcastro Leo Outers Moses Perez Scipione Fortiguerra Rudolf Agricola Thomas von Kempen à Kempis Jacob ben Jehiel Loans Accademia Romana 1452 Université de Paris 1363, 1375 Université Catholique de Louvain 1485 Università di Firenze 1493 Università degli Studi di Ferrara 1478 Mystras 1452 Jan Standonck Johann (Johannes Kapnion) Reuchlin Johannes von Gmunden Nicoletto Vernia Pietro Roccabonella Pelope Maarten (Martinus Dorpius) van Dorp Jean Tagault François Dubois Janus Lascaris Girolamo (Hieronymus Aleander) Aleandro Matthaeus Adrianus Alexander Hegius Johannes Stöffler Collège Sainte-Barbe 1474 Universität Basel 1477 Universität Wien 1406 Università di Padova Università di Padova Université Catholique de Louvain 1504, 1515 Université de Paris 1516 Università di Padova 1472 Università -
View Front and Back Matter from The
TRANSACTIONS OF THE American Mathematical Society EDITED BY ElilAKIM HASTINGS MOOBE EDWARD BURR VAN VLECK HENRY SEELY WHITE WITH THE COOPERATION OF CHARLES LEONARD BOTJTON LEONARD EUGENE DICKSON JOHN IHWIN HUTCHINSON EDWARD KASNEH EDWIN BLDWELL WILSON J'UBLIWHEll QCABTEILT BI THE tSOCIKTT WITH THB BUPPOBT OF Yale University Nobthwestekn University Columbia University The University of Illinois Wesleyan University Cornell University ilavehfobd college the university of chicago The University of Missouri Stanford University Volume 8 1907 Lancaster, Pa., and New Yobk THE MACMIIXAN COMPANY Agents fob the Society 1907 Reprinted with the permission of The American Mathematical Society Johnson Reprint Corporation 111 Fifth Avenue, New York 3, N. Y. Johnson Reprint Company Limited Berkeley Square House, London, W. 1 First Reprinting, 1963, Johnson Reprint Corporation TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 8 1907 PAGES Blichfeldt, H. F., of Stanford University, Cal. On modular groups isomorphic with a given linear group.30- 32 Bliss, Gilbert Ames, of Princeton, N. J. A new form of the simplest problem of the calculus of variations.405—414 Bolza, Oskar, of Chicago, 111. Existence proof for a field of extremals tangent to a given curve.399-404 Dickson, Leonard Eugene, of Chicago, 111. Invariants of binary forms under modular transformations.205-232 _Modular theory of group-matrices.389—398 Eisenhart, Luther Pfahler, of Princeton, N. J. Applicable surfaces with asymptotic lines of one surface corresponding to a conjugate system of another.113—134 Fite, William Benjamin, of Ithaca, N. Y. Irreducible linear homogeneous groups whose orders are powers of a prime . 107—112 Fréchet, Maurice, of Paris, France. -
E. T. Bell and Mathematics at Caltech Between the Wars Judith R
E. T. Bell and Mathematics at Caltech between the Wars Judith R. Goodstein and Donald Babbitt E. T. (Eric Temple) Bell, num- who was in the act of transforming what had been ber theorist, science fiction a modest technical school into one of the coun- novelist (as John Taine), and try’s foremost scientific institutes. It had started a man of strong opinions out in 1891 as Throop University (later, Throop about many things, joined Polytechnic Institute), named for its founder, phi- the faculty of the California lanthropist Amos G. Throop. At the end of World Institute of Technology in War I, Throop underwent a radical transformation, the fall of 1926 as a pro- and by 1921 it had a new name, a handsome en- fessor of mathematics. At dowment, and, under Millikan, a new educational forty-three, “he [had] be- philosophy [Goo 91]. come a very hot commodity Catalog descriptions of Caltech’s program of in mathematics” [Rei 01], advanced study and research in pure mathematics having spent fourteen years in the 1920s were intended to interest “students on the faculty of the Univer- specializing in mathematics…to devote some sity of Washington, along of their attention to the modern applications of with prestigious teaching mathematics” and promised “to provide defi- stints at Harvard and the nitely for such a liaison between pure and applied All photos courtesy of the Archives, California Institute of Technology. of Institute California Archives, the of courtesy photos All University of Chicago. Two Eric Temple Bell (1883–1960), ca. mathematics by the addition of instructors whose years before his arrival in 1951. -
Mcshane-E-J.Pdf
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES EDWARD JAMES MCSHANE 1904–1989 A Biographical Memoir by LEONARD D. BERKOVITZ AND WENDELL H. FLEMING Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoirs, VOLUME 80 PUBLISHED 2001 BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. EDWARD JAMES MCSHANE May 10, 1904–June 1, 1989 BY LEONARD D. BERKOVITZ AND WENDELL H. FLEMING URING HIS LONG CAREER Edward James McShane made D significant contributions to the calculus of variations, integration theory, stochastic calculus, and exterior ballistics. In addition, he served as a national leader in mathematical and science policy matters and in efforts to improve the undergraduate mathematical curriculum. McShane was born in New Orleans on May 10, 1904, and grew up there. His father, Augustus, was a medical doctor and his mother, Harriet, a former schoolteacher. He gradu- ated from Tulane University in 1925, receiving simultaneously bachelor of engineering and bachelor of science degrees, as well as election to Phi Beta Kappa. He turned down an offer from General Electric and instead continued as a student instructor of mathematics at Tulane, receiving a master’s degree in 1927. In the summer of 1927 McShane entered graduate school at the University of Chicago, from which he received his Ph.D. in 1930 under the supervision of Gilbert Ames Bliss. He interrupted his studies during 1928-29 for financial reasons to teach at the University of Wichita. It was at Chicago that McShane’s long-standing interest in the calculus of variations began.