1 BYRON’S CORRESPONDENCE AND JOURNALS 03: FROM LONDON AND OTHER PLACES IN ENGLAND, JULY 1811-DECEMBER 1812 Edited by Peter Cochran Work in progress, with frequent updates [indicated]. Letters not in the seventeen main files may be found in those containing the correspondences Byron / Annbella, Byron / Murray, Byron / Hobhouse, Byron / Lady Melbourne, / Byron / Moore, Byron / Scott, Byron / Kinnaird, Byron / The Shelleys , or Byron / Hoppner . UPDATED December 2011. Abbreviations B.: Byron; Mo: Moore; H.: Hobhouse; K.: Kinnaird; Mu.: Murray 1922: Lord Byron’s Correspondence Chiefly with Lady Melbourne, Mr Hobhouse, The Hon. Douglas Kinnaird, and P.B.Shelley (2 vols., John Murray 1922). BB: Byron’s Bulldog: The Letters of John Cam Hobhouse to Lord Byron, ed. Peter W.Graham (Columbus Ohio 1984) BLJ: Byron, George Gordon, Lord. Byron’s Letters and Journals . Ed. Leslie A. Marchand, 13 vols. London: John Murray 1973–94. CMP: Lord Byron: The Complete Miscellaneous Prose . Ed. Andrew Nicholson, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. CSS: The Life and Correspondence of the Late Robert Southey , ed. C.C.Southey, Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 6 vols 1849-1850. Dowden: The Letters of Thomas Moore . Ed. Wilfred Dowden, 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1964. Gross: Byron’s Corbeau Blanc: The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne , Ed. Jonathan David Gross, Rice University Press, 1997 LJ: The Works of Lord Byron, Letters and Journals . Ed. R. E. Prothero, 6 vols. London: John Murray, 1899-1904. LJM: The Letters of John Murray to Lord Byron . Ed. Andrew Nicholson, Liverpool University Press, 2007. I am very grateful to John and Virginia Murray for permission to quote texts from Byron’s Letters and Journals , ed. Leslie A. Marchand (John Murray 1973-1994). NLS: National Library of Scotland. Q: Byron: A Self-Portrait; Letters and Diaries 1798 to 1824 . Ed. Peter Quennell, 2 vols, John Murray, 1950. Smiles: Samuel Smiles. A Publisher and his Friends: Memoir and Correspondence of the late John Murray with an Account of the Origin and Progress of the House, 1768-1843 . 2 vols. London John Murray 1891. READER! This edition gives you a raw version of Byron’s correspondence. As far as can be done in linear print, it conveys what he wrote and how he wrote it, before any editor got to it to neutralise him. FEEL FREE TO MAKE IT MORE ACCOMMODATING BY EDITING IT YOURSELF. Once you’ve shaded and copied it, you can: run through his page-breaks; expand his contractions and ampersands; delete his deletions; regularise his interlineations … would you? dare you? modernise his spelling? (I hope not!); regularise his capitalisation, so that students feel less bewildered than usual? (I hope not!) – P.C. POSTAGE 2 The recipient, not the sender, normally paid the postage: but as a peer, Byron used a frank, so in England his recipients got his letters free. However, I believe several of his “letters” to Murray from St James’s Street, the Albany, or Piccadilly Terrace, are notes taken round by servants (as are those of Murray to him). He does not have the franking privilege when abroad, and as the cost of postage is calculated by weight, he only uses an envelope when he is enclosing a manuscript. The address is written on side four, the sheet is folded and the wax stamped (“wafered”), and then Fletcher takes it to the post office. A letter from Byron is usually a bifolium, with the following shape: Sheet 1 side 4: Sheet 1 side 1: Text continued from side 3, above address Address and Date Salutation AD DR TEXT ES S [written at right angles ] Text continued below address Signature [ sometimes ] Sheet 1 side 2: Sheet 1 side 3: TEXT TEXT Signature [ sometimes ] P.S. [ sometimes ] Sometimes the letter goes on to a second or even third sheet, which is either enclosed in the first bifolium, or placed at last in an envelope. The longest Byron letter that I have encountered so far is the one to John Murray, from Ravenna, August 1st 1819, which is on five sheets. If he has too little paper to write all that he wants, Byron writes around the margin of side 3, starting at the bottom right-hand corner, curling up the right-hand side, and sometimes continuing inverted across the top and down the left-hand side. Sometimes he adds messages parallel to the address, either above it or below. I have always indicated these things. Not all letters from Byron are the linear communications previous editors have seemed to indicate, but contain several discrete bundles of text in different places and at different angles. If Byron leaves much of a letter blank, it’s often a sign that he’s angry with his addressee. Codes: Names of writer and recipient are in bold type, with location from which sent, and date. (Source is given in round brackets beneath the title: “text from” indicates that the actual source has been seen). Where the manuscript is the source, the text is left-justified only. Where the source is a book, the text is left- and right-justified. [The address, if there is one, is given in square brackets beneath the source] “1:2” and so on indicates a page-turn on the bifolium. “1:2 and 1:3 blank” shows that not all the paper has been used. If Byron goes on to a second bifolium, or a second sheet, it’s an occasion. The address, if there is no envelope, is normally in the centre of 1:4. <Authorial deletion> <xxxxx> Irrecoverable authorial deletion <deleted> Infra-red and ultra-violet might reveal something interesting {Interlineated word or phrase} E[ditoria]l A[dditio]n [ ] Illegible 3 Hyphens: where Byron has split a word over two sides, and used a double hyphen, the effect has been re= / =tained. But, as the text is not transcribed on a line-for-line basis (except in the case of Susan Vaughan’s letters (for reasons explained at January 12th 1812), hyphens are not used when he splits a word over two lines. See April 3rd 1819 for another letter transcribed line-for-line. Underlining: sometimes Byron underlines a whole word, sometimes single syllables (for comical effect, as in “Quarterlyers”), sometimes an entire phrase, and sometimes part of a word (from haste). In all cases except the last, where the whole word is underlined, we have tried to keep to his usage, underlining with a single understroke, with two understrokes, with a heavy underlining, or with a decorative line. Signatures: As time goes on, Byron’s signature becomes less careful, but then recovers. Few of his ways of signing off can be conveyed in print. “Byron” indicates a word whose second syllable is both underlined and overlined. “BN” indicates those two letters with different degrees of dash-decoration around them. Sometimes they appear Greek. “[ swirl signature ]” indicates a bird’s-nest effect which can with charity be read as a capital “B”. “[ scrawl ]” is a long wavy line, often starting as “y rs ” but with no other letters decipherable. After the death of Lady Noel, Byron regains pride in his name, and often signs “N. B.” with a decorative underlining. Byron’s Most Important Correspondents in this Section Annabella Milbanke (1792-1860), the future Lady Byron Augusta Byron, now Augusta Leigh (1783-1851) Byron’s half-sister; the most important woman in his life Catherine Gordon Byron (1765-1811), Byron’s mother; dies, August 1811 Charles Skinner Matthews (17??-1811), gay Cambridge friend of Byron; dies, August 1811 Edward Daniel Clarke (1769-1822), much-travelled Cambridge don Elizabeth Massingberd (17??-1812), Byron’s landlady who introduced him to moneylenders Frances Wedderburn Webster (17??-18??), wife to James Francis Hodgson (1781-1852), Cambridge friend of Byron Henry Drury (1778-1841), another Harrow friend of Byron Henry Fox (17??-18??) lame son of Lord Holland. Future lover of Teresa Guiccioli. James Henry Leigh Hunt (1784-1859), radical journalist James Wedderburn Webster (17??-18??), inept friend of Byron John Cam Hobhouse (1786-1869), Byron’s close friend and travelling companion John Galt (1779-1839), Scots novelist and playwright John Hanson (17??-1841), Byron’s solicitor and surrogate father John Murray II (1778-1843), Byron’s publisher, 1812-23 Lady Caroline Lamb (1785-1828), briefly Byron’s lover Lady Melbourne (1751-1818), Byron’s confidante Lord Holland (1773-1840), leader of the Whigs in the Lords; nephew of Charles James Fox Madame de Staël (1766-1817), French authoress Matthew Gregory Lewis (1775-1818), author of The Monk and The Castle Spectre Mercer Elphinstone (17??-18??) London’s richest heiress, daughter of Admiral Keith Robert Charles Dallas (1754-1824), Byron’s early literary adviser, who introduces him to John Murray Robert Rushton (17??-18??), Byron’s page Samuel Rogers (1763-1855), English poet, friend of Byron Scrope Berdmore Davies (1782-1852), close Cambridge friend of Byron who lent him money for his Mediterranean travels and is now regretting it Susan Vaughan (17??-18??), maidservant at Newstead, briefly Byron’s lover The Marquis of Sligo (1788-1845), Cambridge friend of Byron Thomas Moore (1779-1852), Irish poet, close friend of Byron Walter Scott (1771-1832), the only British writer to rival Byron in fame during this period William Clark (17??-18??), Cambridge don William Gifford (1756-1826), Murray’s principal literary adviser; Byron’s “literary father” INDEX: 227 letters. 4 Selections from the letters of Robert Southey John Cam Hobhouse to Byron, from Dover, July 15th 1811 Byron to John Cam Hobhouse, from Reddish’s Hotel, London, July 15th 1811 Byron to John Cam Hobhouse, from Reddish’s Hotel, London, July 23rd 1811 Byron to Mrs Catherine Gordon Byron, from Reddish’s Hotel, London, July 23rd 1811 Byron to John Hanson, from Reddish’s Hotel, London, July 24th 1811 John Cam Hobhouse to Byron, from Dover, July 26th 1811 Byron to John Hanson, from Reddish’s Hotel, London, July 28th 1811 John Cam Hobhouse to Byron, from Dover, July 30th 1811 First note from Byron to John Hanson, July 31st 1811 Second note from Byron to John Hanson, July 31st 1811 Byron to John Cam Hobhouse, from Reddish’s Hotel, London, July 31st 1811 Byron to C.S.Matthews, from Reddish’s Hotel, St.