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Guidance on Risk-Informed Programming © United Nations Children’S Fund (UNICEF) April 2018

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Guidance on Risk-Informed Programming © United Nations Children’S Fund (UNICEF) April 2018 GUIDANCE ON RISK-INFORMED PROGRAMMING © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) April 2018 Permission is required to reproduce any part of this publication. Permission will be freely granted to educational or nonprofit t organizations. Please contact: Programme Division, Humanitarian Support and Transition Support (HATIS), UNICEF 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA Note on maps: All maps included in this publication are stylized and not to scale. They do not reflect a position by UNICEF on the legal status of any country or area or the delimitation of any frontiers. The dotted line represents approximately the Line of Control agreed upon by India and Pakistan. The final status of Jammu and Kashmir has not yet been agreed upon by the Parties. The final boundary between the Republic of the Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan has not yet been determined. The final status of the Abyei area has not yet been determined. This guidance, and additional resources are available to UNICEF staff and consultants through the Risk and Resilience, Fragility and Peacebuilding team site: https://unicef.sharepoint.com/teams/Communities/RiskResilience- FragilityPeacebuilding/sitePages/Home2.aspx. Photo credit cover page: © UNICEF/UN012796/Georgiev 2 UNICEF Guidance on Risk-Informed Programming How to integrate an analysis of risk into child rights-focused planning and programming The guidance has been elaborated with technical and financial support from the US Fund for UNICEF, Prudential Foundation, Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropies, the United Kingdom Government Department for International Development (DFID) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). 3 Guidance ON RISK INFORMED Programming ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is the result of collaboration among many individuals and institutions. In particular, UNICEF would like to recognize the technical and financial contributions of the US Fund for UNICEF, Tthe Prudential Foundation1, Margaret A. Cargill Philanthropies, the Government of the United Kingdom and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in elaborating this guidance. UNICEF would also like to recognize the technical contributions of the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University which influenced the early direction of the guidance. Although UNICEF has received valuable inputs from a wide range of contributors, any errors or omissions remain the responsibility of UNICEF and the GRIP editorial team. PROJECT MANAGERS: Hamish Young Christian Salazar LEAD TECHNICAL ADVISORS: Antony Spalton Sharif Baaser Stephanie Kleschnitzki MANAGING EDITORS: Stephanie Kleschnitzki Sarah Karmin Shannon Strother Lisa Kleinhenz Jane Chun PROGRAMME CONTRIBUTIONS (in alphabetical order): Antony Spalton, Carlos Navarro Colorado, Cecilia Sanchez Bodas, Claudia Vivas, Dolores Rio, Emily Bamford, Friedrich Affolter, Hamish Young, Heather Papowitz, Hellen Nyangoya, Henrik Hartmann, John Lewis, Jose Gesti Canuto, Kate Alley, Lisa Bender, Luc Chauvin, Maha Muna, Marija Adrianna de Wijn, Maureen L. Gallagher, Michele Messina, Miriam Abu Hamdan, Naureen Naqvi, Nupur Kukrety, Overtoun Mgemezulu, Patty Alleman, Rekha Shrethsa, Sharif Baser, Stephanie Kleschnitzki, Sarah Karmin, Tasha Gill. GRIP ADVISORY GROUP (in alphabetical order): Yasmin Haque – Chair Anna Knutzen, Alban Nouvellon, Alex Heikens, Alexandra Yuster, Asim Rehman, Brenda Haiplik, Cecilia Sanchez Bodas, Carmen van Heese, Etona Ekole, Gilles Chevalier, Hanoch Barlevi, Noel Marie Zagre, Pressia Arifin-Cabo, Soledad Herrero, Vidhya Ganesh, Yasmin Haque PILOT COUNTRY OFFICES: Bosnia and Herzegovina Country Office Malawi Country Office India Country Office DESIGN AND INFOGRAPHICS: Aurélie Portier 1 For more information about the UNICEF, US Fund and The Prudential Foundation partnership, please see: https://www.unicefusa.org/stories/unicef-prudential-working-togeth- er-reduce-risk-disaster/32156 4 Guidance ON RISK INFORMED Programming CONTENTS GLOSSAry INTRODUCTION p.8 p.10 FOREWORD RISK ANALYSIS p.7 p.26 1 RISK INFORMED 2 PROGRAMMES p.64 3 SOCIAL INCLUSION 11 MONITORING 4 p.88 MODULES CHILD ANNEX PROTECTION 10 A OF KEY RESOURCES p.100 9 5 EDUCATION 8 6 HEALTH 7 WASH HIV NUTRITION 5 Guidance ON RISK INFORMED Programming “Across the world, crises are becoming more frequent and complex, and are lasting longer and affecting more children than ever before.” © UNICEF/UNI179592/El Baba © UNICEF/UNI179592/El 6 Guidance ON RISK INFORMED Programming FOREWORD © UNICEF/UNI179592/El Baba © UNICEF/UNI179592/El 7 Guidance ON RISK INFORMED Programming © UNICEF/UNI134401/Sokol GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS Capacity: The combined strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, organization or society. Capacity may include infrastructure, institutions, human knowledge and skills, and collective attributes such as social relationships, leadership and management. (UNISDR) Deprivation: Defined as the non-fulfilment of children’s rights in the main dimensions of survival, development, protection and participation. (UNICEF) Disaster: A serious disruption to the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic and/or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected commu- nity or society to cope using its own resources. (UNISDR) Emergency: Sometimes used interchangeably with the term disaster, but can also relate to hazardous events and ‘’situations that do not result in serious disruption to the functioning of a community or society. Exposure: The presence of people, property, livelihoods, systems or other elements in areas that can be affected by various shocks and stresses. Gender: Gender is a social and cultural construct, which distinguishes differences in the attributes of women and men, and girls and boys, and accordingly refers to the roles and responsibilities of women and men. Gender-based roles and other attributes thus change over time and vary across cultural contexts. The concept of gender includes the expectations held about the characteristics, aptitudes and likely behaviours of both women and men (feminin- ity and masculinity). This concept is also useful in analysing how commonly shared practices and norms legitimize discrepancies between sexes. It also informs the discussion of gender-based vulnerabilities and capacities, which is necessary for risk analysis within communities. 8 Guidance ON RISK INFORMED Programming Hazard: A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption and/or environmental damage. Impact: The consequences or effect of an event or situation. GRIP defines impact as the total effect, including negative and positive effects, of a hazardous event or crisis. The term extends to human, economic and environmental impacts, and may include death, injury, disease and other negative effects on human physical, mental and social well-being. Likelihood: The state of being likely or probable. In GRIP, likelihood specifically refers to the probability of a shock (or the ‘tipping point’ of a stress) occurring in a given time frame. Mitigation: For environmental scientists, mitigation refers to the reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions that are the one of the sources of climate change. In GRIP, mitigation refers to the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of shocks and stresses. (UNISDR) Preparedness: The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. (UNISDR) For UNICEF, this means ensuring that appropriate mechanisms and systems are put in place in advance to enable an effective and timely emergency response to humanitarian crisis. Such planning is based on a strong risk analysis that takes into account national and regional capacities and the comparative advantages of UNICEF in risk reduction. Prevention: The outright avoidance of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. Shock: A sudden and potentially damaging hazard or other phenomenon. A shock can also refer to the moment at © UNICEF/UNI134401/Sokol which a slow-onset process (a stress) passes its ‘tipping point’ and becomes an extreme event. Social cohesion: The quality of the bonds and dynamics that exist between the groups within a society. Groups can be distinguished in terms of regional, ethnic or sociocultural identity, religious or political belief, social class or socio-economic status, or on the basis of characteristics such as gender and age. The strengthening of social cohesion vertically (i.e., relations between the state and citizens) and horizontally (i.e., intra- and inter-group relations) is one of the key outcomes of effective peacebuilding interventions. Stress: Similar to a shock, a stress is a longer-term trend that undermines the potential of a given system and increases the vulnerability of actors within it. System: A unit of society (e.g., individual, household, group of people with common characteristics, community, nation), a unit of ecology (e.g., a forest) or a physical entity (e.g., an urban infrastructure network). (OECD) Recovery: The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of the facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts
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