DOCSLIB.ORG

Shelter, Ecophysiology and Conservation Status of Plectostylus Araucanus (Pulmonata: Bothriembryontidae) in the Fragmented Maulino Forest, Central Chile

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shelter, Ecophysiology and Conservation Status of Plectostylus Araucanus (Pulmonata: Bothriembryontidae) in the Fragmented Maulino Forest, Central Chile Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902703 Conservation Shelter, ecophysiology and conservation status of Plectostylus araucanus (Pulmonata: Bothriembryontidae) in the fragmented Maulino Forest, central Chile Refugio, ecofisiología y estado de conservación de Plectostylus araucanus (Pulmonata: Bothriembryontidae) en el bosque fragmentado Maulino, Chile central Rodrigo M. Barahona-Segovia a, b, *, Andrea L. Riveros-Díaz c, Sebastián Zaror d, Ricardo Catalán e, Juan Francisco Araya f, g a Laboratorio de Ecología de Ambientes Fragmentados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Sta. Rosa #11735, La Pintana, Santiago de Chile, Chile b Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente - Ecogeografía, Av. José Miguel Claro #2550, Providencia, Santiago de Chile, Chile c Zoológico Nacional de Chile, Pío Nono #450, Recoleta, Santiago, Chile d Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Av. Los Leones #745, Providencia, Santiago de Chile, Chile e Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Atacama, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Portales #830, Copiapó, Chile f Centro de Investigaciones Costeras de la Universidad de Atacama, Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Chile g Programa de Doctorado en Sistemática y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile *Corresponding author: [email protected] (R.M. Barahona-Segovia) Received: 15 May 2018; accepted: 21 January 2019 Abstract Terrestrial mollusks are one of the least studied groups of terrestrial invertebrates, especially in the Neotropics. In Chile, there is scarce biological and ecological information about many genera, even though the group is quite diverse and occupies different habitats along the country. Plectostylus araucanus is the most recently described species and one of the few arboreal species found only in the coastal native forest of central-south of Chile. In this study, we recorded a new locality for P. araucanus in the Maule region and described ecological and physiological characteristics. The new locality is placed 204 km northwards of the type locality. Based on different records, Plectostylus araucanus is proposed as an endangered (EN) species under the distribution criterion of IUCN. Most of the specimens of P. araucanus were found living in tree cavities and away from the edge of native forest fragments. Physiological measures showed monthly differences, especially between some months of summer and fall and between months of the same season (i.e., summer). We discuss the implications of our results in the microhabitat selection, thermoregulation and habitat use by this tree snail, and the importance of this data in management and conservation for other native malacofauna. Keywords: Habitat fragmentation; Microhabitat; Tree cavities; Tree snail; Thermoregulation ISSN versión electrónica: 2007-8706; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2703 R.M. Barahona-Segovia et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902703 2 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2703 Resumen Los moluscos terrestres son uno de los grupos de invertebrados menos estudiados, especialmente en el neotrópico. En Chile, hay poca información biológica y ecológica sobre muchos géneros, a pesar de que el grupo es bastante diverso y ocupa diferentes hábitats a lo largo del país. Plectostylus araucanus fue la última especie descrita, con características arborícolas y restringida al bosque costero del centro-sur de Chile. En este trabajo, se describen características ecológicas y fisiológicas de P. araucanus y registramos una nueva localidad en la región del Maule, la cual se encuentra a 204 km al norte de la localidad tipo. Basados en diferentes registros, P. araucanus se propone como una especie en peligro (EN) según el criterio de distribución de la UICN. La mayoría de los especímenes de P. araucanus se encontraron viviendo en las cavidades de los árboles en fragmentos de bosque nativo y a una distancia moderada del borde de estos. Las medidas fisiológicas mostraron diferencias entre meses, especialmente entre meses de verano y otoño, y meses dentro de la misma estación (por ejemplo, verano). Se discuten las implicaciones de nuestros resultados en la selección de microhábitats, la termorregulación y el uso del hábitat de esta especie, y su uso en el manejo y conservación de otras especies de malacofauna nativa. Palabras clave: Fragmentación del hábitat; Microhábitat; Cavidades de los árboles; Caracol arborícola; Termorregulación Introduction is scarce, although these species are diverse and occupy many habitats along the climatic gradient of the country. Terrestrial mollusks are one of the least studied groups Plectostylus Beck 1837 (Pulmonata: Bothriem- of terrestrial invertebrates (Lydeard et al., 2004). They bryontidae) is a recognized genus of endemic South represent a key component in the decomposition and American land snails, represented in Chile by 13 species nutrient cycle in soil (Jones et al., 1994; Meyer III et distributed from Iquique, Tarapacá region, to del Diablo al., 2011, 2013; Valdovinos & Stuardo, 1988), provide Island, Aysén region (Stuardo & Vega, 1985; Valdovinos food for other invertebrates and vertebrates (Martin, & Stuardo, 1988). This genus is largely extant in different 2000; Nyffeler & Symondson, 2001), and determine plant ecosystems, inhabiting areas from coastal deserts and composition (Hulme, 1996; Peters, 2007). Land snails coastal scrublands in northern Chile (Araya, 2016; Araya are recognized as human perturbation indicators, due to & Catalán, 2014; Jackson & Jackson, 2011), to coastal their low dispersal capabilities and their dependence on and Valdivian forest in central and southern parts of microhabitats for survival and mating (Baur & Baur, 1988; the country (Smith-Ramírez et al., 2007; Valdovinos & Ström et al., 2009). Furthermore, terrestrial mollusks can Stuardo, 1988). Relevant information on taxonomy and be a good indicator for climate change, because of their the systematic position of Plectostylus has been discussed ectothermic condition (Nicolai & Ansart, 2017). by different authors (Breure & Romero, 2012; Valdovinos Neotropical overview of land snails is still poor in & Stuardo, 1988; Van Bruggen et al., 2016). On the other many countries (Régnier et al., 2015), highlighting the hand, several authors (Araya, 2016; Araya & Catalán, malacological studies performed in Argentina (Cuezzo et 2014; Jackson & Jackson, 2011; Valdovinos & Stuardo, al., 2013), Brazil (Simone, 2006), Colombia (Linares & 1988) highlight the deficiency in information about Vera, 2012), Cuba (Espinosa & Ortea, 2009), Ecuador ecology, which is still poorly understood and represent (Breure & Borrero, 2008) and Peru (Breure & Avila, critical gaps, especially concerning changes in land use 2016). In Chile, the study of land snails has been focused and global warming. These threats represent some of the especially in the description of new species (Araya & most important drivers in biodiversity loss of terrestrial Aliaga, 2015; Araya & Breure, 2016; Miquel & Araya, and freshwater mollusks worldwide (Beltramino et al., 2013, 2015; Valdovinos & Stuardo, 1988, 1989); as well 2015; Cordellier et al., 2012; Lydeard et al., 2004; Pearce as studying their distributional range and reporting new & Paustian, 2013; Régnier et al., 2009, 2015). records of exotic species (Araya, 2015a, b, 2016; Araya & Plectostylus araucanus Valdovinos & Stuardo, 1988 Catalán, 2014; Araya et al., 2016, 2017; Cádiz & Gallardo, is the most recently described species of the genus, found 2007; Martínez-de los Ríos, 2017; Stuardo & Vega, 1985; in the forest of the Araucanía region, central-southern Valdovinos, 1999; Valdovinos & Stuardo, 1989). Also, the Chile (Valdovinos & Stuardo, 1988). This species is study of their natural history and ecological characteristics characterized by its large globose-ovate shell of up to a has been poor (Cádiz & Gallardo, 2008; Jackson & Jackson, few cm in height, the presence of strong and noticeable 2011; Valdovinos & Stuardo, 1988). However, in Chile the growth lines (Fig. 1A, B), a brown periostracum, and a biological and ecological information about many genera white columellar lip with a notorious angle in its middle R.M. Barahona-Segovia et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 90 (2019): e902703 3 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2703 part (Valdovinos & Stuardo, 1988). Currently, the known Materials and methods distribution for this species is from the coastal forest of the Nahuelbuta Mountains and its surrounding areas. Both P. This study was conducted in the National Reserve Los araucanus, as well as Plectostylus vagabondiae Brooks, Queules, Tregulemu (35º59’14.38” S, 72º41’21.96” W) in 1936, are true tree snails that probably feed on bryophytes surrounding fragments of deciduous native forest (< 100 living on the cortex of trees (Valdovinos & Stuardo, 1988). ha) and Monterey pine tree (Pinus radiata) plantations. Due to the scarce ecological information on P. araucanus, Native fragments were variable in size, ranging from 29 to the aim of this study is to characterize the habitat type, 242 ha. Native forest is mainly composed of endemic trees shelter preferences and some physiological aspects of this such as Gomortega keule (Molina, 1782) Baill., Aextoxicon arboreal snail, in a locality
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Epiphyte Diversity and Biomass Loads of Canopy Emergent Trees in Chilean Temperate Rain Forests: a Neglected Functional Component
    Forest Ecology and Management 259 (2010) 1490–1501 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Epiphyte diversity and biomass loads of canopy emergent trees in Chilean temperate rain forests: A neglected functional component Iva´nA.Dı´az a,b,c,*, Kathryn E. Sieving b, Maurice E. Pen˜a-Foxon c, Juan Larraı´n d, Juan J. Armesto c,e a Instituto de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, P.O. Box 567, Valdivia, Chile b Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA c Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity IEB, Las Palmeras 3425, N˜un˜oa, Santiago, Chile d Departamento de Bota´nica, Universidad de Concepcio´n, Concepcio´n, Chile e Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity, Departamento de Ecologı´a, Pontificia Universidad Cato´lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: We document for the first time the epiphytic composition and biomass of canopy emergent trees from Received 11 August 2009 temperate, old-growth coastal rainforests of Chile (428300S). Through tree-climbing techniques, we Received in revised form 13 January 2010 accessed the crown of two large (c. 1 m trunk diameter, 25–30 m tall) individuals of Eucryphia cordifolia Accepted 14 January 2010 (Cunoniaceae) and one large Aextoxicon punctatum (Aextoxicaceae) to sample all epiphytes from the base to the treetop. Epiphytes, with the exception of the hemi-epiphytic tree Raukaua laetevirens (Araliaceae), Keywords: were removed, weighed and subsamples dried to estimate total dry mass. We recorded 22 species of Epiphytes vascular epiphytes, and 22 genera of cryptogams, with at least 30 species of bryophytes, liverworts and Emergent canopy trees lichens.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancistrocladaceae
    Soltis et al—American Journal of Botany 98(4):704-730. 2011. – Data Supplement S2 – page 1 Soltis, Douglas E., Stephen A. Smith, Nico Cellinese, Kenneth J. Wurdack, David C. Tank, Samuel F. Brockington, Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez, Jay B. Walker, Michael J. Moore, Barbara S. Carlsward, Charles D. Bell, Maribeth Latvis, Sunny Crawley, Chelsea Black, Diaga Diouf, Zhenxiang Xi, Catherine A. Rushworth, Matthew A. Gitzendanner, Kenneth J. Sytsma, Yin-Long Qiu, Khidir W. Hilu, Charles C. Davis, Michael J. Sanderson, Reed S. Beaman, Richard G. Olmstead, Walter S. Judd, Michael J. Donoghue, and Pamela S. Soltis. Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa. American Journal of Botany 98(4): 704-730. Appendix S2. The maximum likelihood majority-rule consensus from the 17-gene analysis shown as a phylogram with mtDNA included for Polyosma. Names of the orders and families follow APG III (2009); other names follow Cantino et al. (2007). Numbers above branches are bootstrap percentages. 67 Acalypha Spathiostemon 100 Ricinus 97 100 Dalechampia Lasiocroton 100 100 Conceveiba Homalanthus 96 Hura Euphorbia 88 Pimelodendron 100 Trigonostemon Euphorbiaceae Codiaeum (incl. Peraceae) 100 Croton Hevea Manihot 10083 Moultonianthus Suregada 98 81 Tetrorchidium Omphalea 100 Endospermum Neoscortechinia 100 98 Pera Clutia Pogonophora 99 Cespedesia Sauvagesia 99 Luxemburgia Ochna Ochnaceae 100 100 53 Quiina Touroulia Medusagyne Caryocar Caryocaraceae 100 Chrysobalanus 100 Atuna Chrysobalananaceae 100 100 Licania Hirtella 100 Euphronia Euphroniaceae 100 Dichapetalum 100
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 5. Early Diverging Superasteridae
    Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 5. Early Diverging Superasteridae (Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales, Cornales, Ericales, and Santalales) Plus Dilleniales Author(s): Ying Yu, Alexandra H. Wortley, Lu Lu, De-Zhu Li, Hong Wang and Stephen Blackmore Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 103(1):106-161. Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden https://doi.org/10.3417/2017017 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3417/2017017 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/ page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non- commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Ying Yu,2 Alexandra H. Wortley,3 Lu Lu,2,4 POLLEN. 5. EARLY DIVERGING De-Zhu Li,2,4* Hong Wang,2,4* and SUPERASTERIDAE Stephen Blackmore3 (BERBERIDOPSIDALES, CARYOPHYLLALES, CORNALES, ERICALES, AND SANTALALES) PLUS DILLENIALES1 ABSTRACT This study, the fifth in a series investigating palynological characters in angiosperms, aims to explore the distribution of states for 19 pollen characters on five early diverging orders of Superasteridae (Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales, Cornales, Ericales, and Santalales) plus Dilleniales.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Strategies for Biodiversity and Indigenous People in Chilean Forest Ecosystems
    © Journal of The Royal Society oj New Zealand Volume 31 Number 4 December 2001 pp 865-877 Conservation strategies for biodiversity and indigenous people in Chilean forest ecosystems J. J. Armesto*f, C. Smith-Ramirez*, R. Rozzi* The distribution of Chilean temperate forests has been greatly disrupted by human activities, mainly through logging, land clearing for agriculture, and replacement of native forests by extensive commercial plantations of exotic trees More than Vi million people of indigenous ancestry (mainly Pehuenche and Huilliche) still live in close association with forests in south-central Chile Indigenous people have been forced to retreat, along with the last remains of native forests, towards marginal lands, characterised by low productivity and limited accessibility This process has been driven by a historical trend that reassigned public and indigenous land to private or industrial landowners, and by a Chilean forestry policy that has ignored biodiversity and non- timber forest products, and undervalued native forests by providing costly subsidies to industrial plantations for timber and pulp production As a result of these policies, two major conflicts have emerged indigenous people encroached by timber plantations are resisting the expansion of commercial forestry, and the conservation of the last remains of biologically valuable habitat is at odds with land use claims by indigenous groups in less accessible areas A promising solution to these problems is the development of mixed use landscapes or "extractive reserves",
    [Show full text]
  • European Red List of Non-Marine Molluscs Annabelle Cuttelod, Mary Seddon and Eike Neubert
    European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs Annabelle Cuttelod, Mary Seddon and Eike Neubert European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs Annabelle Cuttelod, Mary Seddon and Eike Neubert IUCN Global Species Programme IUCN Regional Office for Europe IUCN Species Survival Commission Published by the European Commission. This publication has been prepared by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and the Natural History of Bern, Switzerland. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, the Natural History Museum of Bern or the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, the Natural History Museum of Bern or the European Commission. Citation: Cuttelod, A., Seddon, M. and Neubert, E. 2011. European Red List of Non-marine Molluscs. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Design & Layout by: Tasamim Design - www.tasamim.net Printed by: The Colchester Print Group, United Kingdom Picture credits on cover page: The rare “Hélice catalorzu” Tacheocampylaea acropachia acropachia is endemic to the southern half of Corsica and is considered as Endangered. Its populations are very scattered and poor in individuals. This picture was taken in the Forêt de Muracciole in Central Corsica, an occurrence which was known since the end of the 19th century, but was completely destroyed by a heavy man-made forest fire in 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Raising Snails
    NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. Update: Visit AFSIC's Snail Culture Web site. Raising Snails Special Reference Briefs Series no. SRB 96-05 Updates SRB 88-04 ISSN: 1052-536X Compiled by: Rebecca Thompson, Information Centers Branch and Sheldon Cheney, Reference Section U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 Compiled for: The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, National Agricultural Library July 1996 Web sites revised May 2008 Acknowledgement Mary Gold, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, NAL/ARS, and Karl Schneider, Reference and User Services Branch, NAL/ARS, assisted with database searching. Ray Stevens, Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, reviewed this publication. The authors appreciate their valuable input and assistance. For additional reference sources on the many issues and techniques involved in sustainable agriculture, you may request AFSIC's List of Information Products. For a copy of this list, or for answers to questions, please contact: Alternative Farming Systems Information Center National Agricultural Library 10301 Baltimore Ave., Room 132 Beltsville MD 20705-2351 Telephone: (301) 504-6559, FAX: (301) 504-6409 Contents Introduction Edible Species Mating and Egg Laying Growth Farming Snails Farming Snails Introduction Pens and Enclosures Cannibalism by Hatchlings Gathering Snails Feeding Diseases and Pests Population Density Shipping Turning Snails into Escargot Restrictions and Regulations U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Snail and Slug Dissection Tutorial: Many Terrestrial Gastropods Cannot Be
    IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT MOLLUSCS TO THE U.S. AND OBSERVATIONS ON SELECT FLORIDA SPECIES By JODI WHITE-MCLEAN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Jodi White-McLean 2 To my wonderful husband Steve whose love and support helped me to complete this work. I also dedicate this work to my beautiful daughter Sidni who remains the sunshine in my life. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my committee chairman, Dr. John Capinera for his endless support and guidance. His invaluable effort to encourage critical thinking is greatly appreciated. I would also like to thank my supervisory committee (Dr. Amanda Hodges, Dr. Catharine Mannion, Dr. Gustav Paulay and John Slapcinsky) for their guidance in completing this work. I would like to thank Terrence Walters, Matthew Trice and Amanda Redford form the United States Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA-APHIS-PPQ) for providing me with financial and technical assistance. This degree would not have been possible without their help. I also would like to thank John Slapcinsky and the staff as the Florida Museum of Natural History for making their collections and services available and accessible. I also would like to thank Dr. Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman for her assistance in the collection of the fungi used in this dissertation. I am truly grateful for the time that both Dr. Gillett-Kaufman and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution Patterns of Flora and Fauna in Southern Chilean Coastal Rain
    Biodivers Conserv (2007) 16:2627–2648 DOI 10.1007/s10531-006-9073-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Distribution patterns of flora and fauna in southern Chilean Coastal rain forests: Integrating Natural History and GIS Cecilia Smith-Ramı´rez Æ Iva´n Dı´az Æ Patricio Pliscoff Æ Claudio Valdovinos Æ Marco A. Me´ndez Æ Juan Larraı´n Æ Horacio Samaniego Received: 17 August 2005 / Accepted: 19 May 2006 / Published online: 27 October 2006 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Knowledge of species richness centers is necessary for the design of conservation areas. In this study, we present a GIS analysis of two years of field data on animal and plant diversity distributions in evergreen, coastal rain forests of southern Chile (39°30¢–41°25¢ S). Despite their high endemism, these forests have remained largely unprotected. Field records were complemented with data from museum collections and scientific literature. We used selected environmental vari- ables (evapotranspiration, altitude) and, in some cases, forest types as predictors of species distributions. Our study focused on the distribution of forest bryophytes, vascular plants, soil invertebrates, amphibians and birds. We generated distribu- tional maps for each taxa based on their field records in the study area, comple- C. Smith-Ramı´rez (&) Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity (CASEB), P. Universidad Cato´ lica and Fundacio´ n Senda Darwin (FSD), 1220, Valdivia, Chile e-mail: [email protected] I. Dı´az Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida and FSD, Gainesville, FL, USA P. Pliscoff FSD, Roman Dı´az 390, dpto. 902, Providencia, Santiago, Chile C.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tentative List of the Land Snails of Georgia, U.S.A. Zachary I
    Georgia Journal of Science Volume 77 No. 2 Scholarly Contributions from the Article 8 Membership and Others 2019 A Tentative List of the Land Snails of Georgia, U.S.A. Zachary I. Felix Reinhardt University, [email protected] Michael A. Dubuc Reinhardt University Hassan A. Rana Reinhardt University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.gaacademy.org/gjs Part of the Biodiversity Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Felix, Zachary I.; Dubuc, Michael A.; and Rana, Hassan A. (2019) "A Tentative List of the Land Snails of Georgia, U.S.A.," Georgia Journal of Science, Vol. 77, No. 2, Article 8. Available at: https://digitalcommons.gaacademy.org/gjs/vol77/iss2/8 This Research Articles is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ the Georgia Academy of Science. It has been accepted for inclusion in Georgia Journal of Science by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ the Georgia Academy of Science. A Tentative List of the Land Snails of Georgia, U.S.A. Acknowledgements We thank Shayla Scott for help with building our database. Thanks to the following individuals for sharing museum data: Adam Baldinger, Clarissa Bey, Rudiger Bieler, Cheryl Bright, Brian Helms, Christine Johnson, Timothy Pearce, Gary Rosenburg, Leslie Skibinski, John Slapcinsky, Jamie Smith, and Lee Taehwan. Timothy Pearce, Kathryn Perez, Amy VanDevender, Wayne VanDevender and John Slapcinsky helped tremendously with sorting out taxonomic issues. Helpful reviews were provided by the VanDevenders as well as John Slapcinsky. This research articles is available in Georgia Journal of Science: https://digitalcommons.gaacademy.org/gjs/vol77/iss2/8 Felix et al.: Land Snails of Georgia A TENTATIVE LIST OF THE LAND SNAILS OF GEORGIA, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Descriptions of the Plant Types
    APPENDIX A Descriptions of the plant types The plant life forms employed in the model are listed, with examples, in the main text (Table 2). They are described in this appendix in more detail, including environmental relations, physiognomic characters, prototypic and other characteristic taxa, and relevant literature. A list of the forms, with physiognomic characters, is included. Sources of vegetation data relevant to particular life forms are cited with the respective forms in the text of the appendix. General references, especially descriptions of regional vegetation, are listed by region at the end of the appendix. Plant form Plant size Leaf size Leaf (Stem) structure Trees (Broad-leaved) Evergreen I. Tropical Rainforest Trees (lowland. montane) tall, med. large-med. cor. 2. Tropical Evergreen Microphyll Trees medium small cor. 3. Tropical Evergreen Sclerophyll Trees med.-tall medium seier. 4. Temperate Broad-Evergreen Trees a. Warm-Temperate Evergreen med.-small med.-small seier. b. Mediterranean Evergreen med.-small small seier. c. Temperate Broad-Leaved Rainforest medium med.-Iarge scler. Deciduous 5. Raingreen Broad-Leaved Trees a. Monsoon mesomorphic (lowland. montane) medium med.-small mal. b. Woodland xeromorphic small-med. small mal. 6. Summergreen Broad-Leaved Trees a. typical-temperate mesophyllous medium medium mal. b. cool-summer microphyllous medium small mal. Trees (Narrow and needle-leaved) Evergreen 7. Tropical Linear-Leaved Trees tall-med. large cor. 8. Tropical Xeric Needle-Trees medium small-dwarf cor.-scler. 9. Temperate Rainforest Needle-Trees tall large-med. cor. 10. Temperate Needle-Leaved Trees a. Heliophilic Large-Needled medium large cor. b. Mediterranean med.-tall med.-dwarf cor.-scler.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to the Census of the Queensland Flora 2015
    Introduction to the Census of the Queensland flora 2015 Queensland Herbarium 2015 Version 1.1 Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation Prepared by Peter D Bostock and Ailsa E Holland Queensland Herbarium Science Delivery Division Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation PO Box 5078 Brisbane QLD 4001 © The State of Queensland (Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation) 2015 The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence. Under this licence you are free, without having to seek permission from DSITI, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the State of Queensland, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation as the source of the publication. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Disclaimer This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the responsibility of those parties. Information contained in this document is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy. If you need to access this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services on +61 7 3170 5725 Citation for introduction (this document) Bostock, P.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal Arnold Arboretum
    JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY G. SCHUBERT T. G. HARTLEY PUBLISHED BY THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS DATES OF ISSUE No. 1 (pp. 1-104) issued January 13, 1967. No. 2 (pp. 105-202) issued April 16, 1967. No. 3 (pp. 203-361) issued July 18, 1967. No. 4 (pp. 363-588) issued October 14, 1967. TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN DILLENL ANATOMY. William C. Dickison A SYNOPSIS OF AFRICAN SPECIES OF DELPHINIUM J Philip A. Munz FLORAL BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICA OF EUCNIDE Henry J. Thompson and Wallace R. Ernst .... THE GENUS DUABANGA. Don M. A. Jayaweera .... STUDIES IX SWIFTENIA I MKUACKAE) : OBSERVATION UALITY OF THE FLOWERS. Hsueh-yung Lee .. SOME PROBLEMS OF TROPICAL PLANT ECOLOGY, I Pompa RHIZOME. Martin H. Zimmermann and P. B Two NEW AMERICAN- PALMS. Harold E. Moure, Jr NOMENCLATURE NOTES ON GOSSYPIUM IMALVACE* Brizicky A SYNOPSIS OF THE ASIAN SPECIES OF CONSOLIDA CEAE). Philip A. Munz RESIN PRODUCER. Jean H. Langenheim COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES IN DILLKNI POLLEN. William C. Dickison THE CHROMOSOMES OF AUSTROBAILLVA. Lily Eudi THE SOLOMON ISLANDS. George W. G'dUtt A SYNOPSIS OF THE ASIAN SPECIES OF DELPII STRICTO. Philip A. Munz STATES. Grady L. Webster THE GENERA OF EUPIIORBIACEAE IN THE SOT TUFA OF 1806, AN OVERLOOI EST. C. V. Morton REVISION OF THE GENI Hartley JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY T. G. HARTLEY C. E. WOOD, JR. LAZELLA SCHWARTEN Q9 ^ JANUARY, 1967 THE JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM Published quarterly by the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Subscription price $10.00 per year.
    [Show full text]