THE TIMELINE OF AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY Presented By: Joseph Campbell In order for you to know your future, you must understand the present. To understand the present, you must learn from the past. African History More than 3000 years before Christ and the Christian era, in a time before the European and Asian Invasions, Arab Expansion, British Colonization and Slavery, Ancient Egypt was the home to 30 Egyptian Dynasties from 2920 BC – 332 BC before finally falling to the Roman Empire. Nubians were the first human race on earth and rulers of the Kingdom of Kush (Nubia). The ancient Egyptians adopted most of the Kushite customs and traditions. Nubians lived in Northern Sudan and Southern Egypt along the Nile River. The Egyptian Pyramids are one of the 7 wonders of the world. Egyptians were Africans and their skin was Black just as that of the Nubians. Once upon a time, Africans were the Kings and Queens of Egypt and Nubia. The Egyptian pyramids were built to be tombs of the Pharaohs while Nubian pyramids were symbols of wealth and stature. The pyramids were aligned with the four corners of the compass in order to reach the heavens and were the influence for the pyramids found in China, Peru, Mexico, Indonesia and the tower of Babel in Iraq. The greatness of Egypt is still being talked about and studied to this day. Be proud of your heritage. Be proud of your history. Be proud of being Black because we are the children of the 1st and greatest civilization that has ever lived. Joe Campbell A Partial List of African & Nubian Kings, Queens and Pharaohs Affonso – King of the Congo Ahmose – Pharaoh of Egypt Akhenaten – Pharaoh of Egypt – Creator of Monotheism = One God Altanersa – Nubian King Amani- Astabarqa – Nubian King Amina – Queen of Zaria Amaninatake – Nubian King Amenhotep – Pharaoh of Egypt (4 took this name) Analmaaye – Nubian King Askia Toure – King of Songhay Aspalta – Nubian King Ay – Pharaoh of Egypt Baskakeren – Nubian King Behanzin Bowelle – West African King – The King Shark Candace – Empress of Ethiopia Cetewayo – King of the Zulu’s Cleopatra – Queen of Egypt - Kemet (7 took this name) Dahia-Al Kahina – Queen of Sudan Djoser – 1 st Pharaoh viewed as a living God by the people Esop – The Great Story Teller Hannibal – Ruler of Carthage and Conqueror of Spain and Italy Harisiotet – Nubian King Hatshepsut – Queen of Egypt; 1 st Female Pharaoh and female builder Horemheb – King of Egypt Idris Alooma – Sultan of Bornu Imhotep – Father of Science & Medicine and World’s 1 st known Genius Ja Ja – King of Opobo Kamose – King of Egypt Khama – King of Bechuanaland Khufu – Great Pyramid builder known as the father of building Kiya – Queen of Egypt Korkamani – Nubian King Makeda – Queen of Sheba Malewiebamani – Nubian King Mansa Mussa – Ruler of Mali Menelek – King of Abyssinia Mentuhotep – Egyptian King Moses – Prince of Egypt Moshoeshoe – King of Basutoland Mutato – King or Zimbabwe Nandi – Queen of Zululand and mother of Shaka Narmer – Founder of Kemet (Egypt) Nasakhma – Nubian King Nastagen – Nubian King Neferatari – Nubian Queen of Egypt Neferatiti – Queen of Egypt Nehanda – Ruling Queen and spiritual Grandmother of Zimbabwe Nzingha – Amazon Queen of Matamba Osei Tutu – King of Asanti Ramses – Pharaoh / Prince and builder of Egypt (11 took this name) Samory Toure – King of the Sudan Senworsert – Pharaoh of Egypt Senusret – Egyptian King Seqenenre Taa – King of Thebes Seti – Pharaoh of Egypt (2 took this name) Shabaka – Nubian King Shaka – King of the Zulu’s Shamba – King of Peace Sisaspiqu – Nubian King Sesostris – Pharaoh, Warlord & Fortress System builder Snefru – Pharaoh & Red Pyramid and Bent Pyramid Builder Sunni Ali Ber – King of Songhay Taharka – Nubian King Taharqa – Nubian King Talakhamani – Nubian King Tenkamein – King of Ghana Thutmose – Pharaoh of Egypt (4 took this name) Tiye – Nubian Queen of Egypt and mother of King Tutankhamen Tutankhamen – Pharaoh of Egypt (the boy King) Yaa Asantewa – Queen of the Ashanti Empire Zenobia – Queen of Palmyra The Kingdom of Kush The Kingdom of Kush located in Sudan was a great kingdom that ruled over Egypt at the height of Egypt’s strength and power but eventually was colonized by Egyptians. Kush was ruled by Nubians who passed on their way of life and customs to the Egyptians. Kush and Egypt fought and traded with each other on a regular basis. Kush and Egypt were parallel kingdoms that acted like competitive twin brothers. Kush had city capitols in Kerma, Napata and Meroe. Nubian Kings and Egyptian Kings shared a way of living and rivaled each other in wealth, power and cultural development including art, philosophy, and learning leading to what became 30 Egyptian Dynasties. The Egyptians took the foundation of the Nubians and expanded it and built upon it to become a world super power during its time. The Kingdom of Kush was the greatest civilization of its time but it stayed in the shadow of Egypt as the Nubians organized their society along Egyptian lines of royalty, architecture and art. Wisdom of the Egyptians and What They Created * Medicine – Basis of the mummification processes. * Astronomy – Basis of the 12-month calendar, which we use today. * Mathematics – Development of Geometry to build the pyramids. * Literature & Arts – Tells about Egyptian life “Tale of Sinuhe.” * Painting & Sculpture – Portrays and tells of what was important. * Egyptians also created Black Ink, Paper, Ox-drawn plows, Organized labor, Boat Sails and Hieroglyphics as the 1 st system of writing. Egyptian Gods & Goddess Egyptian Gods and Goddesses Amon-Ra - King of the Gods Amon – Sun God of creation linked to Ra Anubus – God of mummification, embalming and netherworld Atum - Self created and one of the first gods Bastet – Goddess of cats Bes – God of childbirth and children Geb – God of the earth Hathor – Goddess of love, birth, death and music Heh – God of eternity Horus – Sky God and son of Osiris and Isis Isis – Queen of Goddess and mistress of magic and love Khnum – God of fertility who shapes men on the potter’s wheel Maat – Goddess of truth and justice Min – God of fertility Neith – Goddess protector of the king Nekhbet – Mother Goddess who protects the king Nut – Goddess of the sky Osiris – God of agriculture and ruler of the dead Ptah – Creator God and patron of craftsmen Ra – God of the sun – merged with Amon to become Amon-Ra Sekhmet – Goddess of war and destruction Seth – God of the desert, disorder, storm and violence Shu – God of air and light Sobek – God of kingship, action and violence Tefnut – Goddess of rain, clouds, wind and air Thoth – God of the moon, writing, counting and wisdom Wadjet – Goddess protector of the king Egyptian Social Class vs. Current Society * Pharaoh (the King) = The President * High Priests (Advisors) = The White House staff * Nobles (Warriors) = The Military * Merchants, Scribes & Artisans (Working class) = The Middle Class * Peasant Farmers (Commoners) = The Poor and the Immigrants Ancient Egypt is a “vector for symbols.” Those symbols include durability, permanence, wisdom, art, architecture, mathematics, agriculture, astronomy and eternal life. Ancient Egypt inspired people around the world to build monuments, museums, memorial gardens, temples, amusement parks, hotels, theatres and more dedicated to the Egyptian motif using symbols, culture and heritage of ancient Egypt. 4.5 Billion BC * Planet Earth is formed from cosmic dust and meteor showers. 2.5 Billion BC * Stromatolite structures form in the oceans as blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) begins oxygenation of the water and atmosphere. 1.0 Billion BC * Continental drift occurs thru tectonic plate movement. 700 Million BC * The first ice age begins. 600 Million BC * The earliest date to which fossils can be traced. 240 Million BC * Dinosaurs evolved and ruled the planet. 65 Million BC * 75% of all life disappears when the six mile wide Chicxulub Meteor hits the Mexico coast causing a massive dust cloud coinciding with violent volcanic activity to end the Cretaceous period. 50 Million BC * Mammals begin to evolve and occupy the land. 2.5 Million BC * Homo Habilis (skillful man) appears in Africa. 2 Million BC * Earliest stone tools in Ethiopia and East Africa are used. 1.8 Million BC * Homo Erectus (upright man) appears in Africa. 150,000 BC * Homo Sapiens appear in Africa. 70,000 BC * Neanderthal man appears in Africa using fire and advanced tools. 50,000 BC * Upper Paleolithic Efflorescence occurs. 43,000 BC * Cro-Magnon man appears in Africa. 35,000 BC * Africans begin iron mining in the Nile Valley. 33,000 BC * The Grimaldi Negroids expand into Europe. 30,000 BC * Africans of Monomotapa create the 1 st sculpture of a human figure. 20,000 BC * Intensive grass seed gathering of barley and wheat occurs and the first Cro-Magnon appears in Europe. 15,000 BC * Migrations across the Bering Straits into the Americas begin and the domestication of cattle occurs. 12,000 BC * Sebelian II rules in Pre-Dynastic Kemet. 10,000 BC * Africans of the Nile Valley introduce the 1 st calendar. 8000 BC * Early spread of agriculture and first settlements in the Nile Delta. Sebelian III rules in Pre-Dynastic Kemet. 7000 BC * Earliest cave drawings are drawn in the Sahara. 6020 BC * Africans in the Congo use markings on bones to develop the first number system. 6000 BC * River people emerge along the Niger and Congo Rivers. 5000 BC * People begin to settle along the Nile River near Egypt. 4500 BC * Ancient Egyptians begin using burial texts to accompany their dead, first known written documents. Ancient Egyptians called their land Kemet (Land of the Blacks). 4400 BC * The Badarian culture forms and the people practice agriculture, pottery and domesticate cattle, sheep and goats. 4100 BC * The first solar calendar is introduced by Kemet and Kush.