August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27549

Mr. HELSTOSKI, Mr. SANDMAN, Mr. SON, Mr. FlsHER, Mr. FOREMAN, Mr. sense of the House of RePresentatives with DANIELS of New Jersey, Mr. RoE, and HAMMERSCHMIDT, Mr. MAHON, Mr. respect to balance of power in the Middle Mr. LEGGETT) : MONTGOMERY, Mr. POAGE, Mr. PuR· East; to the COmmlttee on Foreign Affatrs. H. Res. 1173. Resolution expressing the CELL, Mr. SEBELIUS, Mr. SHRIVER, and sense of the House of Representatives with Mr. WOLD): respect to balance of power in the Middle H. Res. 1174. Resolution relating to the PRIVATE BILLS -AND RESOLUTIONS East; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. protection of consumer supply of natural Under clause 1 of rule XXII, By Mr. BUSH (for himself, Mr. PRICE gas; to the Committee on Interstate and Mr. VAN DEERLIN introduced a b111 (H.R. of Texas, Mr. BELCHER, Mr. BURLESON Foreign Commerce. 18834) for the relief of Karl E. Neathammer, of Texas, Mr. BURTON of Utah, Mr. By Mr. LUKENS: which was referred to the COmmittee on the CABELL, Mr. COLLINS, Mr. EDMOND- H. Res. 1175. Resolution expressing the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ENFORCED BUSING OF SCHOOL substantial scale, predicated primarily on a 1. Oppose enforced busing. I respectfully CHILDREN IN VIRGINIA freedom of choice program which accorded request tha.rt you, on behalf of the United to each child and his parents a reasonable States, take appropriate action in the Vir­ option. ginia. cases to oppose the enforced busing of Now that such programs have been held children (i) as being a denial of the consti­ HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. invalid in southern states, the demand is !or tutional rights of such children and their OF VIRGINIA instant and complete racial mixing without parents, and (11) as being contrary to the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES regard to neighborhood patterns, the avall­ will of the Congress as expressed in the Acts abllity of school and transportation fac111tles, above cited. Wednesday, August 5, 1970 or the deep feelings of the pa.rents and chil­ 2. End the double standard. It ls time, in dren concerned. The proposed method of ac­ the interest of element,e.ry fairness and of Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, complishing this end is by the arbitrary up­ assuring a renewal of respect for our system I can say with candor that rarely, if ever, rooting and busing of children. of "equal justice under the law", that the during my 23 years in public office have Moreover, when the enforced mixing of double standard with respect to school inte­ I seen the people of Virginia so dis­ races pursuant to a prescribed formula be­ gration be ended. turbed and so embittered as they are comes the dominant end of public educa­ That such legally enforced hypocrisy exists, about the prospective compulsory busing tion-as now appears to be the objective-we no one doubts--as Sena.tor Rlblcoff of COn­ of children away from their neighbor­ are witnessing a perversion of the educational nectlcut so eloquently stated some months processes. These processes have been de­ ago. The legal standards with respect to hood schools. veloped with great care and cost. They have school integration should be the same in all I feel that it is the obligation of the been of great benefit to the community and states. There can be no moral or legal jUS'tl.­ Department of Justice to support the country. fication for one vindicative set of rules in expressed will of Congress in opposition The Congress, recognizing all of this, has the South and a different and a. much more to enforced busing. at least twice recorded its opposition to lenient set Of rules for other areas of the A prohibition against enforced busing achieving racial balance by enforced busing. country. was included in the Education Appro­ In the 1964 Act authorizing suits by the At­ The Department of Justice ls the agency priation Act of 1970 approved last week torney General (upon receipt of a com­ of the government most responsible for as­ plaint), the Congress provided: suring both equal justice and respect for by Congress and now awaiting final ac­ ". . . nothing herein shall empower any law. I respectfully request that you take such tion by the President. official or court of the United States to steps as may be necessary to bring an end to It is of great significance that Con­ issue any order eeeking to achieve a racial this unprecedented double standard which gress last week spoke loudly and clearly. balance in any school by requiring the trans­ so degrades the quality of justice in our This makes timely, I feel, a letter which portation of pupils or students from one country. I wrote to the Attorney General of the school to another or one school district to More specifically, I feel that lt ls the obli­ United States. another in order to achieve such racial gation of the Department of Justice to sup­ balance ..." 42 U.S.C.A. 2000c-6. port the expressed will of the Congress ln I ask unanimous consent that my let­ A similar prohibition against enforced opposition to enforced busing. ter of August 4, 1970, addressed to the busing was included in the Education Ap­ I am informed that the Justice Depart­ Honorable John N. Mitchell, the Attor­ propriation Act of 1970 approved last week ment ls a party to the Norfolk Suit. It ls not ney General, be published in Extensions by the Congress and now awaiting final my purpose to comment on any particular of Remarks. action by the President. Section 209 states: Utlga.tlon but rather to address the overrid­ There being no objection, the letter "No part of the funds contained in this ing principles with which I am concerned. If, Act may be used to force any school or school as I believe, the Justice Department has not was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, district . . . to take any action to force the yet taken a strong and unequivocal position as follows: busing of students; . . . or to force the against enforced busing and against the U.S. SENATE, transfer or assignment of any student ... double standard, it is urgently necessary Washington, D.C., August 4, 1970. to or from a particular school over the protest that you do so now. This ls necessary to re­ Hon. JOHN N. MrrcHELL, of his or her parents or parent." solve the confilctlng and chaotic condition Department of Justice, It is of great significance that the Congress being imposed upon public education, and Washington, D.C. last week spoke loudly and clearly. This also to sustain and implement t he expressed MY DEAR MR. ATTORNEY GENERAL: The crisis m akes timely, I feel, this letter to you. will of the Legislative and Executive in the school situation in Virginia has It is my understanding that President Branches of government. reached such serious proportions as to re­ Nixon also h as expressed the opposition of In recent years, the Justice Department quire immediate action by the Department t he Executive Branch of the government to has been imaginative and innovative in of Justice. t his form of coercion. making its voice heard effectively on behalf There are seven Federal court suits now Finally, I am informed that the Supreme of civil rights. The issue here involved ls one pending against school boards, including Court has not held that the Constitution of basic civil rights--of both white and black major ones in Richmond, Norfolk, Lynchburg requires any such action. pupil.'3-not to be forced, against their wills, and Roanoke. In at least four of these suits We t hus appear to be in a most remarkable to be transported away from their own the compulsory busing of children away from p ost ure. neighborhood schools to aooomplish arbi­ their neighborhood schools is the central The Legislative and Executive Branches of trary and theoretical concepts of enforced issue. the Federal Government oppose enforced racial mixing. It ha.rdly need be said that the school sys­ busing. The Supreme Court has not held that I can say with candor that rarely if ever, tems involved are threatened with chaotic this ls required by the Constitution. Yet during my long public service, have I seen conditions. No one knows in these communi­ lower Federal courts continue to decree bus­ the people of my st ate so disturbed, frus­ ties how or what to plan for the new school ing in the South, and in m y state of Virginia, trat ed and embit tered. This public attitude year which opens in September. Indeed, no there appears to be every prospect of en­ does not reflect--certainly to any m ajor ex­ one knows whether the schools will be able for~ed busing decrees becoming effective any tent-opposition t o racial integrat ion of the to open and operat e as required by the con­ day. schools. stitution and laws of Virginia. Is there such a state of paralysis in the This unprecedented opposition results, No thoughtful Virginian seeks to reopen Government that the expressed will of the rather, from the tradit ional American re­ the basic issue resolved by Brown v. Board Congress and the President ls not being en­ sentment of (1) extraordinary invasion of of Edu cat ion. Desegregat ion ls the policy of forced-at a time when public education, personal liberty, (ii) enforced separat ion of our Virginia schools and this has been pro­ t he rights of citizens, and, indeed, the well­ children from neighborhood life and activ­ gressing in an orderly manner, and on a being of our communities are endangered? ity, and (lli) a. policy so widely regarded as 27550 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 a capl"icious attack on freedom and, indeed, only to California il.1 number of peach county agent of Edgefield, S.C. Trans­ public education itself. producing trees with our high speed in­ portation for the fruit was donated by In view of t he urgency and dimensions o! terstate highway systems, as well as the Mr. L. G. DeWitt. The orchard-ripe fresh this crisis, I would be grateful-es would peaches were donated by Mr. E. R. Taylor the people of Virginia-for your prompt and new mechanical methods of harvesting effective action to protect the rights of the our fruit, the great eastern markets are of Greer, Mr. Louis Caggiano-Sunny parents and children of Virginia. all within 20-hour delivery distance for Slope Farms--of Cowpens, Mr. Bobby Sincerely, fruit harvested in the sandhills o.f east­ Dandy-Cox Farms-of Greer, Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, Jr. ern South Carolina to the foothills of Woodrow C. Cash of Cowpens, Mr. James the great Smoky Mountains in the north­ R. Sease of Gilbert, Mr. L. D. Holmes & west section of our great State. Son of Johnston, Van Brothers of Tren­ Among the many fruit farmers who ton, Mr. Carroll Clark of Trenton, and SOUTH CAROLINA FRESH PEACH have contributed so much to the peach G. C. Holmes & Son--South "C" Farms-­ WEEK industry in South Carolina, many are of Johnston. active as officers and directors of the Mr. Speaker, in closing my remarks, HON. JOHN L. McMILLAN Peach Council and Promotion Board. I wish to commend the efforts of the OF SOUTH CAROLINA They are as follows: entire agriculture industry of South Carolina. They are striving to produce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H. D. Barnett, president; Richard Tay­ lor, first vice president; Allen Belcher, better quality food efficiently and eco­ Wednesday, August 5, 1970 second vice president and treasurer; Ben nomically. They are doing their part to Mr. McMILLAN. Mr. Speaker, as vice Boatwright, executive secretary; direc­ help provide better nutrition to an ever­ chairman of the Agriculture Committee tors: Tracy Childres, Manning Shuler, growing consumer market. I am naturally interested in all phases of Toy Hyder, Ralph Thompson, Vincent agriculture. Last week here in the Na­ Caggiano, E. C. Black, J.M. Vann, Tracy tion's Capital, the South Carolina Peach Gaines, Maynard Watson, Pat Chappell, RESULTS OF A PUBLIC OPINION Council and Promotion Board in coop­ Burney Chappell, Frank Bush, J. Calvin POLLCONDUCTEDINTHEFOURTH eration with the Agriculture College of Rivers, Jr., Jerrold Watson, and Cleve­ DISTRICT OF INDIANA Clemson University, made it possible for land Holmes. the Members of the House and the Sen­ The South Carolina Peach Council can HON. E. ROSS ADAIR ate to enjoy tree ripened South Carolina boast of thre.e national presidents of the OF INDIANA peaches. Members of the delegation and National Peach Council; namely, Mr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their staffs were supplied with this very Paul Black of Spartanburg, Mr. Mark delectable fruit, both fresh and in the Boatwright of Johnston, and Mr. Tracy Wednesday, August 5, 1970 form of a wonderful fresh peach cobbler, Gaines of Inman. Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, the results prepared by the bakers of the Senate I should also like to thank the follow­ of my recent public opinion poll con­ and House Restaurants. I want to ac­ ing gentlemen, without whose help it ducted in the Fourth District of Indian a knowledge Mr. Kermit Cowan and Mr. would have been impossible to organize have just been compiled and I would like Joseph Diamond, managers of the House "South Carolina Peach Week" : to share them with my colleagues. In my and Senate restaurants for their fine co­ Dr. William H. Wiley, dean, Clemson view, the opinion trends are significant operation in producing the finest fresh University College of Agriculture; Dr. in view of the problems we face today. peach cobbler that I have ever tasted. T. L. Senn, head, Clemson University These results are based upon approxi­ Mr. Speaker, the South Carolina peach department of horticulture; Roy J. Fer­ mately 18,000 responses from the people orchards now number into the thousands ree, horticulture department-peach of the Fourth District, in addition to the and the number of fruit bearing trees specialist-clemson University; Mr. John hundreds of letters written by concerned are just under 2 million-latest available D. Ridley, area agent, horticulture, of constituents who wanted to expand on figures. South Carolina is now second Spartanburg, and Mr. J. Whit Gilliam, their views. The results were as follows: [In percent)

Yes No Undecided No vote

1. Do you support President Nixon 's decision to destroy the Commun ist sa nctuaries in Cambodia? ______78 14 2. In order to encourage industry to install antipollution devices, would you favor granting tax cred its fo r compliance and fines for failure to comply? ______• ______• ______----- 72 15 3. Do you favor returning a certain pe rcentage of Federal tax revenue to State and local governments to relieve pressure on local tax resources as proposed by President Nixon?______• ______• __ __ _ 76 14 4. Regard ing Student Disorders, which course do you think Congress should ta ke? (a) Stop all Federal funds to schools whose adm inistrators fail to curb disorders? ______52 18 6 24 (b) Deny Federal aid to ind ividual students comm itting these disruptions? ______80 4 1 15 (c) No Federal intervention? ___ _-· ______• ______------11 32 4 53 5. Many suggestions have been made for curbing inflation. What do you favor? 70 4 4 22 6 41 4 49 m~~~: 0i~Ix~~~~~I- ~~~~ ~~~~~ ~ ======45 8 6 41 45 18 7 30 6. Do you~~~ favor~~i~ continuation!;~e~~~~;; con of-tr theoff_======Federal fa rm price support===== leg======islation?______======______=====__=__====__ _ 31 41 18 10 7. Do you favor c h an ~i ng the p r ~sent lottery system for military service t~ an all-volunteer army? ______43 39 12 6 8. Do you favor lowenng the voting age to 18 or 19 or 20? If your answer 1s "yes", circle one of the above ______46 46. 1 7. 9 ------

Of those who favored lowering the vot­ our Nation are reciting all the wrongs tion everywhere ... in the meat they eat, ing age: 26 percent favored 18 as the in this country and finding fault with the cars they drive and the dolls their babies age; 53 percent favored 19 as the age; 1'7 play with. Phooey. We do have meat to eat, everything and everyone it is refreshing which beats rice. Maybe the car needs more percent favored 20 as the age; and 4 per­ to read an article like this. The author padding, but I prefer it to a rickshaw, wheel­ cent made no selection. has proposed that people take action barrow or bicycle. through more self-help. Not only do I A West Coast professor is raking in fan­ PROPHETS OF DOOM ARE LOSING agree with this philosophy, but I take tastic fees for telling us we'll drown in our extra pride in that the author is my own wastes within 20-30 years. I! he'd run a BATI'LE scythe around a 40-acre field some summer wife's uncle. day, he'd find there is lot of nice, clean space HON. JOHN T. MYERS The editorial follows: left ... kept that way !or 100 years by people OF INDIANA PROPHETS OF DOOM ARE LOSING BATTLE who both understand and appreGiate nature. Protect the consumer, the gloomies cry. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (By Dan Murphy) Okay. There are some crooks, both buyers and Wednesday, August 5, 1970 Maybe you'd like to know that in my case, sellers. But I have a credit card from a bank at least, the prophets o:! doom are losing the I've never seen, telling me and millions o:! Mr. MYERS. Mr. Speaker, I read this battle. Often I don't even listen to their others that we are basically honest. last week an article which was most in­ sea.re talk anymore. After all, I too observe ... My watch keeps time, my roof doesn't leak, teresting and in my opinion, most ap­ and I like most o! what I see. my perma-pressed pants need only a little propriate. At a time when so many in The Nader types find death and destruc- pressing. Wheaties may not make me a cham- August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27551 pion, but they taste good. My sults last a output over the past quarter of a century. important groups in society (10 per cent of long, long time. Ironically, however, his very success has made the population, for example, is over 65, many People nearly always return a smlle. I it possible for Social Ma.n t.o gain a sympa­ on fixed incomes that are eaten up by infla­ know at least 300 youngsters who wouldn't thetic hearing for his concerns about the dis­ tion; 7.6 per cent are working poor, many of know a jail from the Taj Mahal. I can phone tribution of output and the quality of life. whom are put out of work in recession). anyone I know in the 48 states for a dollar The turning point for many was the appear­ The fact is, however, that Economic Man . . . a.nd most of them still speak t.o me. ance of Prof. John Kenneth Galbraith's "The tends to be concerned primarily about in­ This evening, in my own yard, I saw a Affiuent Society" in the late nineteen-fift ies. flation and Social Man about recession, and woodpecker, a robin and a sparrow sharing Professor Galbraith made a persuasive argu­ so an issue of great significance to the entire the same tree with a squirrel . . . not a ment that the problem of production in this nation has tended to become polarized. chirp about DDT. nation had been solved. It is no ooincidence Social Man must convince Economic Man My 25-year-old typewriter makes a satis­ that the war on poverty followed in the nine­ that this Nation cannot prosper unless ac­ factory noise when I work. My youngsters teen-sixties, and concern for the environment tion is taken to solve social ills. A great deal not only demonstrate affection but they're promises to be the issue of the nineteen­ of progress has already been made. goOd house painters. sevent ies. Economic m.an may not be aware, however, Most of the people I know solve problems, Economic Man embodies many of the of one valuable benefit from social action: rather than complain. In fact, most people values of the Establishment, which youth it can enhance the possibility that public au­ actually enjoy their work. (I've often won­ today finds so distasteful. He believes that thorities might achieve a stable economy. Un­ dered if those who won't work enjoy not a relatively free pursuit of self-interest has employment compensation and minimum in­ working.) served his nation well; that self-interest in a come maintenance provide buffers between So the pessimists can peddle their over­ market economy is expressed largely in the disadvantaged and recession. Better stuffed worries elsewhere. The pursuit of fear, monetary terms; that monetary rewards are training and eduoa.tion make it possible for misery and trouble has become profitable for direoted by competition to the efficient and those who are disadvantaged at present to some people. enterprising; and that the Puritan ethic of hold their own in recession. If public authori­ I'm finding my share and more of happy hard work and self-discipline is still a major ties could gain more assurance that their days on this earth. Good things happen like guidepost to the good life. actions will not bea.r down unfairly on the clockwork. It is even going to rain, one of Social Man sees the good life reached by a poor and greater confidence that their eco­ these days. Want to bet? quite different route. He stresses people nOinic policies Will not have severe social side rather than things; human rather than effects, they could move With more vigor and monetary values; and freedom not to pursue effectiveness against inflation whenever it SOCIAL MAN IN CONFLICT WITH HIS one's self-interest but to realize one's true threatened. Social action, in short, promises individuality by involvement in a coopera­ Economic Man not only expanding markets ECONOl\llC SELF tive way in solving society's problems. in which to sell his wares but a more stable Obviously, these are caricatures, not care­ economy in which to produce them. HON. EDWARD G. RIESTER, JR. fully toned portraits, yet it is precisely be­ At the same time, Social Man needs to cause such black-and-white conceptions exist underatand what to Economic Man is a cen­ OF PENNSYLVANIA that much of the current conflict is possible. tral concept of life: opportunity costs. This IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Consider, for example, the present effort is the concept that everything has a coot in of the Federal Government to steer a narrow terms of opportunities foregone. Resources Wednesday, August 5, 1970 course between inflation and recession. This are scarce and once a decision is made to use Mr. BIESTER. Mr. Speaker, it is a task is made particularly difficult because of them for one purpose, they are no longer pleasure to place in the CONGRESSIONAL the clash of economic and social values. available for another. One opportunity cost In the nineteen-twenties, the problem was of reading this article, for example, is not RECORD the text of a thoughtful article simpler. When inflation got out of hand, the simultaneously being able to read one of the written by one of my constituents, David orthodox solution was to clamp down on the others in this newspaper. P. Eastburn, president of the Federal Re­ economy. In the ensuing recession, men were Economic Man, by and large, has learned serve Bank of Philadelphia, on what he unemployed but prices came down. Recession to live with this principle. He is constantly perceptively calls the conflict between was believed to be not only inevitable but a forced to use the resources at his co.mmand­ "The Social and Economic Man." The necessary purgative; it was the bitter medi­ money, people, technology-in the best pos­ article originally appeared in the New cine we had to take for living it up. sible way to get the best possible results. York Times, Sunday, August 2, 1970. I The Great Depression changed this view. His success in doing so determines his suc­ It brought home the tremendous costs of cess as a businessman. He makes his cost commend it to my colleagues: idleness, the psychological maiming of a calculations carefully; he se·ts priorities. He POINT OF VIEW : SOCIAL MAN IN CONFLICT whole generation. Consequently, the nation has developed .a degree of patience and a way WITH HIS ECONOMIC SELF resolved in the Employment Act of 1946 to of looking toward the long run in evaluating With attention focused on violence in the prevent a recurrence of such disaster. The progress and results. Social Man, by and Parrot's Beak, Kent State, and countless city idea of the inevitability of milder recessions large, has yet to get the message. Perhaps be­ streets, there is danger of losing sight of a persist ed during the nineteen-fifties, how­ cause of his "human" approach, he tends desperate conflict underlying much of the ever. more often to look at small parts of the pic­ violence. This is the conflict between Eco­ In the nineteen-sixties the public began to ture, see specific problems that could be met nomic Man and Social Man. hope that recessions might be avoided al­ with relatively small expenditure, and to Each of us, of course, is both Economic and together, and as the decade proceeded, this press for their solution without realizing the Social Man. Each of us is concerned with hope was increasingly bolstered by unprece­ cumulaitive implications of his proposals. making a living and with living With his fel­ dented success in keeping the economy grow­ With so many things needing doing, he is lows, but the mix varies, and it is there that ing. It was about at this time also that the impatient for results. If Economic Man can­ the source of conflict lies. Those who are 90 nation became increasingly conscious that Wi thout dulling the edge of the drive for per cent Economic Man see today's world dif­ everything was not well socially. And as social bettermentr----convince Social Man that ferent ly from those who are 90 per cent Socia.I prices rose at a quickening pace in the latter everything cannot be achieved at once, he Man. Many, in whom the proportions more sixties, public authorities became confronted Will have gone a long way toward a construc­ nearly approo.ch 50-50, are torn apart by con­ with a dilemma more perplexing than ever tive resolution of today's conflict. filcting beliefs. And so we have a kind of before: how to curb inflation without in­ Resources are expendable, but in the short nat ion.al schizophrenia which is both divisive curring recession. The dilemma is now in its run, a ttempts to do too much, to solve all and debilitat ing. acute phase. our social problems and still satisfy our in­ It is easy, of course, to overdraw the con­ Economic Man is on one side. He has been exhaustible desires for material things will trast between economic and social values, telling the authorities: hang on; don't let up only produce inflation. Limited resources force us to make hard decisions about priori­ but as a first approximation, let us co~ider on efforts to curb inflaition until you really the following shorthand description of char­ have it licked; if this means recession, better ties. act eristics and concerns: pay the price now than a bigger one later. In the longer run, it is possible to meet Social Man is on the other side. He fears rising social needs without sacrificing ma­ Economic man Social man that a recession Will hurt most those who terial comforts; the slices m.ay be the same, Production ------Distribution are already disadvantaged. When unemploy­ but the pie can be bigger. Social Man's best Goods & services ______People ment rises, as it must when the economy hope is to work with Economic Man toward Money values ------Human values slows, those who are laid off first are the un­ the kind of dynamic economy that will Work & discipline ______Self-realizaiton skilled; efforts to recruit workers from the make such a happy solution possible. Competition ------Cooperation Both Economic Man and Social Man have Laissez faire ______Involvement ghetto are suspended. Social Man, therefore, is inclined to trade inflation for jobs. a vital role to play. Social problems cannot Inflat ion ------Unemployment It is not exactly clear why these positions be solved Without a strong and growing econ­ Economic Man tends to be concerned pri- are held as firmly as they are. There are omy, and we cannot prosper economically marily with producing goods and services, economic and social costs in both inflation if we continue to have large parts of the pop­ with quantitative problems. He is largely re­ and recession. Both ultimately can destroy ulation not sharing in the fruits of produc­ sponsible for the doubling in the nation's real our economy. Both cause severe distress to tion. CXVI-~1736-Part 20 27552 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 TESTIMONY OF REPRESENTATIVE American property is still being expropri­ shed light on recent events concerning DURWARD G. HALL ON THE ated. "south of the border." Many people the status of Rhodesia and her struggle both here and abroad call for the surrender PANAMA CANAL - for recognition among the comity of na­ of American bases and rights throughout I the world. The Panamania.n Government is tions. At that time emphasized several aware of this and is now willing to make important points; namely, that Rhodesia HON. DURWARD G. HALL another attempt to negotiate a new treaty. adequately fulfills the criteria for ac­ OP MISSOURI They know that they have nothing to lose, knowledgment as an autonomous state, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and everything to gain. They no doubt feel that Rhodesia is not the "threat to world that 1f they obtain concessions from us as peace" and the "bogeyman" that some Wednesday, August 5, 1970 they did in the negotiations !or the 1967 would have us believe, and that the pres­ Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, under leave to treaty, they can obtain them again in any ent U.S. policy of confrontation and non­ extend my remarks in the RECORD, I in­ new round of negotiations. recognition are gravely injurious to our I am also confident that the citizenry of clude my testimony before the subcom­ this country know and comprehend the stra­ best interests. mittee of the Committee on Foreign Af­ tegic importance of the Canal Zone. As a At this time, I am pleased to share fairs, U.S. House of Representatives on member of the House Committee on Armed with my colleagues a recent article by the August 4, 1970, for the information of all: Services I was particularly concerned about noted columnist, James J. Kilpatrick, TESTIMONY OF REPRESENTATIVE DURWARI> G. the possible effect of the 1967 treaty on both which further strengthens my convic­ HALL ON THE PANAMA CANAL the subjects of national security and hemi­ tions that we have been led down the Mr. Chairman, it appears that this nation spheric defense. The importance of the Canal wrong path. It is my urgent hope that has become "obsessed" with the idea of giv­ Zone as a bastion on our "southern flank" cannot be overrated. Without our control of the newly elected British Government ing up control of the Panama. Canal. It will put a quick end to the discredited is my considered Judgment that such ac­ the Canal Zone the possibility of a poten­ tion if accomplished would contribute great­ tially hostile regime in Panama denying ac­ and pointless policies of enmity and ly toward smoothing the roadbed over which cess of the transferring of our naval forces ostracism toward Rhodesia, and that the the juggernaught of international commun­ from ocean to ocean ever grows. The loss United States will have the wisdom to ism woU!ld tr·avel. of this access could destroy a link in our follow suit. We have given away the Island Iwo Jima defense chain and could produce a disaster. The article follows: It is particularly inappropriate in this time and plan same for Okinawa--our hard won U.N. IMPOTENCE MATCHEs ITS HYPOCRISY and most strategic base 1n the Pacific. of contingency expectancy around the world. We have given away Wheelus Air Force Mr. Speaker, intertwined with the aspect (By James J. Kilpatrick) Base, undoubtedly its tarmac will soon be­ of national security, is the equally impor­ NEW YORK.-The U.N. Security Council come a fa'Vored resting place for aircraft tant area of hemisphere defense. The Canal went through one of its recurring exercises bearing the hammer and sickle. Zone under our control and jurisdiction in huffing -and puffing a few days ago, the Now comes the news that the President has serves as an outpost thwarting the perverted better to build up its wind, and wound up, appointed Mr. Daniel W. Ho!gren, a man ambitions of Castro, Moscow and Peking. as usual, by sweating hypocrisy from every whose credentials as a negotiator are at best Our presence serves as a constant reminder pore. suspect, to be a special representative of the of our determination to stop subversion in The object Of these dumbell exertions was United States for the Interoceanic Canal Latin America. I ask, would Panamanian South Africa, or more accurately, South negotiations, with the rank of Ambassador. control of the canal serve a like purpose? I Africa, France and Great Britain. The nomi­ Mr. Chairman, I think it is time that the think the answer is obvious. nal purpose of the resolution finally adopted Congress makes it perfectly clear that this Besides military considerations, the com­ 12-0, was to condemn violations of the em­ nation has no need for a negotiator. The mercial considerations must also be exam­ bargo on shipment of arms to South Africa. Congress should make perfectly clear, once ined. A Communist or hostile government But South A!rioa. pays no more attention to and for all: We are there, we intend to re­ could completely close the canal to United the Security Council than a great dane pays main :there and, in the language of today, States shipping. Over sixty-five percent of to a playing pekingese. France is the largest the sovereignty of the Panama Canal itself­ all United States shipping passing through supplier of a.rms to South Africa, and finds is unnegotiable. It's time we made crystal the canal annually either originates or ter­ it profitable to stay that way. Britain's new clear that this involves U.S. territory, and minates in United States ports. The added Conservative government last week voted hence is a constitutional prerogative of the shipping costs, as well as the curtailment to resume limited arms shipments. House and entire Congress. of shipping would be astronomical in the The council's impotence as to South Africa I have joined with my colleagues from event this facility was denied our use. is matched by its impotence as to Rhodesia. Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Ohio in intro­ Besides paying the price for increased The only difference is that United Nation's ducing legislation that would arm the Presi­ shipping costs, the United States taxpayer hypocrisy toward Rhodesia, a small country, dent with the sentiment of the House of could possibly be forced to surrender his ag­ is meaner a.nd more contemptible than its Representatives, and that of the American gregate investment of over $5,000,000,000 hypocrisy toward South Africa, which is people in any future negotiations with the which would constitute the biggest single large. Go'Vernment of Panama over the status of the "give-away" in recorded history. I cannot Last month the U.N. special committee on Canal Zone. envision the American people wishing to enforcement of Rhodesian sanctions brought It is essential that this be done so that a write off this huge public asset, without in its third report. This bulky paper, run­ re-occurrence of the abortive proposed 1967 some reasonable and tangible compensation ning to 337 pages, is quite unintentionally treaty does not come back to haunt us. As in return. Let's at least put the question to one of the funnier documents of the sum­ many may remember this proposed 1967 them! mer. The United Nations, it will be recalled, treaty contained provisions that ceded addi­ Mr. Chairman, I am happy to inform you has formally ostracized Rhodesia from the tional rights of the Canal Zone to P·anama, that many Members of the House of Repre­ fainily of nations as a punishment for her gave Panama joint administration, increased sentatives are in total agreement with the multiple sins. These sins are, first, that our annual payments to Panama, raised tolls statement I have made here today, and I re­ Rhodesia had the indecency to secede from and forced the United States to share its de­ mind you that no other branch of the Gov­ the British Commonwealth; second, that her fense and police powers with Panama. When ernment has the feel or the knowledge of the franchise falls short of one-man, one-vote; the text of this treaty was published there electorate as does the membership of the and third, that Rhodesia constitutes a threat was a hue and cry throughout the United House. to the peace. States opposing its provisions. At that time It is imperative that all who are con­ The first and second sins are none of the about 150 members of Congress introduced cerned do everything in their power now, to United Nations' business. The third is a trans­ or co-sponsored resolutions expressir.g the prevent the surrender of our right to the parent falsehood. Yet Rhodesia remains, in sense of the House that it was the desi:·e control of the Panama Canal. We cannot sit theory, utterly isolated from the commerce of the American people that the United States idly by and watch the Panama Canal be­ of the civilized world, an "illegal regime" maintain its sovereignty and jurisdiction over come another Suez. that must be starved and whipped to its the Canal Zone. The same language exists in knees. the resolution we are introducing today. Somehow the sanctions have not worked Public indignation ran so high that the 1967 MORE ABOUT RHODESIA out that way. As the committee unhappily draft treaty was never sent to the other body acknowledged, the sanctions "have not been for ratification. I ask that those hearings be fully effective and have not led to the de­ made a part of this hearing record! HON. ODIN LANGEN sired results." And why is this? It is because Mr. Chairman, it is now over two years much of the world is paying less and less later. Much has transpired. A military junta OF MINNESOTA attention to them. Reports of evasions, far is now ruling Panama. A new administra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from declining in number, are soaring; there tion has taken over the reins here in Wash­ Wednesday, August 5, 1970 were 60 such reports last year. But 31 coun­ ington. On the other hand, much has re­ tries, including 27 members of the U.N., mained the same. Castro is still preaching Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, on July 1, will not even answer the committee's mail. and exporting revolution in Latin America. I made a statement before this body to It is all very sad. Plainly, the illegal regime August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27553 is thriving. By Britain's own es·tima.te, Rho­ For whlle there is much 1n this nation LEAGUE OF POW /MIA FAMILIES desia's export trade-in the very teeth of that is good-and we happen to prefer it to the sanctions-jumped from $227 million in all other nations--there is no doubt there 1968 to $336 million in 1969. Imm.1grat1on to are many areas which could stand improve­ HON. BOB WILSON Rhodesia. is increasing. Last year a record ment. OF CALIFORNIA 254,000 tourists strolled the streets of Salis­ Yet we are convinced the only way these IN bury. improvements can be made is through ac­ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Rhodesia. government will not have tion, not rhetoric; through example, not Wednesday, August 5, 1970 the kindness to die. It has announced plans polemics. for more airfields, public parks and game pre­ Are the elders intolerant? Is this wrong? Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, re­ serves to attract even more visitors. And in Then show it is wrong-by practicing cently the families of U.S. servicemen the private sector, sighed the committee: tolerance. who are prisoners, or missing and be­ "the illegal regime is reported to have com­ Are the elders hypocritical? Is this wrong? lieved to be prisoners, in Southeast Asia, pleted five new hotels in 1969, with more Show it is wrong-by practicing honesty. opened a new Washington headquarters. than 20 major hotel projects in various stages Are the elders not peaceful? Is this wrong? Their goal is to generate increased public of implementation." Show it is wrong-by being peaceful. concern wbout the prisoners and missing When does the show stop? An honest According to John D. Rockefeller III, in a United Nations, applying moral suasion to recent speech, "Young people today are com­ men, and to stimulate growing public in­ the world as it is, could perform a useful mitted to values of love, human dignity, in­ volvement in programs desiITTJ.ed for this purpose. But nothing of value is gained so dividual rights and trust in one's fellow­ purpose. long a.s the United Nations proclaims empty man ..." It was my pleasure to be present at the embargoes and imbecile sanctions upon a. But their elders see little of love in blatant ceremonies in which these brave wives world a.s the world is not. and casual sex, in rock-and-bottle throwing and parents formally opened their new confrontations; see little respect for human office. They are located at 1 Constitution dignity in those shouting obscenities and Avenue NE., just across the street from ACTIONS, NOT TALK, WILL CHANGE epithets at those who disagree with them; see little respect for individual rights in cam­ the New Senate Office Building, in ipace NATION pus seizures, the burning of private build­ which has been donated to them, rent­ ings and public institutions, in shouting free, by the Reserve Officers Association. HON. ROBERT L. F. SIKES down speakers; little trust shown by those The organization, now incorporated as who will not believe most people are basically the National League of Families of OF FLORIDA decent and are trying to work out solu­ American Prisoners and Missing in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions .... In West Florida, as elsewhere, the elders Southeast Asia, is one that all citizens Wednesday, August 5, 1970 have their share of intolerance, hypocrisy, can warmly endorse. But I am partic­ Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, the lead edi­ greed, lust---a.11 the base emotions of human­ ularly proud of the league because it had torial in the Pensacola News Journal of kind. its genesis in my district under the lead­ Sunday, August 2, elaborated in a most We also have our share of decency, respe<:t, ership of Mrs. Sybil Stockdale, who is effective way on the need to translate the honesty, and love. serving as chairman of the board. Mrs. views of youth into constructive, not de­ Yet if our youngsters hope to make a bet­ Stockdale has been indefatigable in her ter world they must demonstrate they do, structive, action. It makes good sense and efforts to shed new light on the prisoner indeed, have more of the latter and less of issue, and to insure that Americans are good reading. I respectfully urge my the former than their elders--and they can't colleagues to give full thought to its do it by talking. made more fully aware of the terrible message: In West Florida, also, we have our share plight these men have now suffered for of social problems: Inadequate housing, en­ periods of 4, 5, 6 years, as well as the ACTIONS, NOT TALK, Wn.L CHANGE NATION dreadful anguish of their wives, children, Jack Anderson said it. vironmental pollution, racial disharmony, U.S. Rep. Bob Sikes endorsed it. inept politicians, even some unemployment. and parents. And we could not agree more. And youngsters can do something about it. All of us in the Congress should be It is time for the youth of the nation, so As Anderson points out, if there are no doing whatever we can to support the verbally concerned with the state of the great causes at the moment, then find smal­ League of Families, as well as seeking world, to translate their views into direct ac­ ler ones. new initiatives of our own. tion-not the destructive action with which Clean the roadways. Join the fight on pol­ It is my understanding that the league we are all too familiar, but constructive lution. Work to elect politicians who are hon­ currently is attempting to win approval action. est, sincere and ca.pable--even if you can't from the House and Senate leadership Anderson, who writes a daily syndicated vote, you can campaign, help convince those column which appears in The Pensacola who can. for a joint meeting of the Congress de­ News, recently ma.de this appeal to youth: No jobs? Create them. Find your own. Do voted solely to the prisoner issue. I, for "Stir the starry-eyed from their pseudo­ yard work---or, as in one case we read about, one, certainly would support such a romantic dreams; rouse them to their feet; form a. corporation to build treehouses for meeting. inspire them to substitute deeds for dreams. youngsters to play in. The league's Washington office is Invite the militants down from their soap­ The opportunities, in this great nation of manned by the national coordinator, boxes; challenge them to exchange their ours, in our own West Florida, a.re limited Mrs. Iris R. Powers, mother of a missing rhetoric for practical solutions." only by the lack of imagination, the lack of Arruy warrant officer; and by two Air "Fill your Summer with constructive, not dedication of each individual. destructive, activity. If you can find no great With imagination, with dedication, the pos­ Force wives, Mrs. Joan Vinson and Mrs. cause, settle for a small cause. In Salt City sibilities are endless. Mary Jane McManus, whose husbands (for instance) white Mormon teenagers The Escambia High School Rebelaires, a are missing or imprisoned. mowed lawns, washed cars, sold baked cooks, talented and entertaining choral group Their first newsletter has just gone cleaned garages and ditl yard work to raise which left Pensa.cola. Saturday for a three­ out to families throughout the United more than $25,000 to help build a. Negro week concert tour in Europe, provide this States, and I am tremendously impressed church. community with a.n excellent and highly "You can do as much. Organize a project commendable example of positive effort. by the scope of activities they have un­ of your own; roll up your sleeves; pitch in The youngsters worked long hours to raise dertaken and are planning to undertake. and do something wo1·thwhile." $25,000 for the Summer tour, and their ap­ I know that all Members will be inter­ This column struck the right note with pearance overseas will be an inspiration for ested in the wonderful work of this hu­ Congressman Sikes, who took the trouble to all Pensacollans who are troubled by unrest manitarian, nonprofit organization. For repeat it in his weekly report from Wash­ among many of today's youth. the benefit of those who may not have ington. Faced with the money-raising challenge seen the league's newsletter, I have ex­ It also strikes the right note with editors six weeks ago, the students used their initia­ tracted some of the material which I of this newspaper, who have been urging a tive and energy in a variety of enterprises to similar course for some time in these collect funds voluntarily. We are proud they think Members will find of particular columns. made it---and this sort of challenge and ulti­ interest. The excerpts follow: Though West Florida. has been fortunate mate victory proves that today's American EXCERPTS FROM NEWSLETI'ER OF LEAGUE in having been spa.red, largely, the agonies youngster ls willing to battle the odds for Prime Minister.-We met here in D.C. with of racial and student dissent which have positive achievement. Prim;~ Minister Olaf Palme of Sweden, and marred so much of the nation over the past The world can be a better place. You­ made a strong plea for him to try, and try few years, we are certain this is not because youngsters and elders alike--ca.n start mak­ again, to reinforce his contacts with North of la.ck of concern by our young people. ing it a better place by contributing some­ Vietnam and its allies, in efforts to obtain They are concerned. thing positive, as Escambia High's Rebels.ires humanitarian treatment for our men. At his And rightly so. contributed, instead of ta.lking. request, we have furnished him with a list 27554 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 of all the prisoners and missing men. He said talk with editors of magazines, TV net­ our deep admiration for your courage and he will try to help (but quietly, and out of works, and other media. In three days, they determination and our prayers for early suc­ the public spotlight) . We told him that if accomplished more than they had dared cess in our mutual endeavor to reunite your he sincerely want s to improve Swedish­ hope. Examples: ABC will present a "special" families." American n.lations, as he has st ated, there on September 14; NBC is considering a spot would be no bett er way of accomplishing on their First Tuesday program; Ladies Home that purposo t han his determined help in Journal has promised an article with (hope­ MR. AGNEW'S POLEMICS BRING solving the POW / MIA problem. fully) a tear-out letter for readers to mail BALANCE TO U.S. POLITICS M ayor W ashJngton.-When we learned that in expressing concern (then a later follow-up D.C. Mayor Walt er Washington and Mrs. after delivering the letters to Paris) ; Pris­ Wash ington wei-e to make an around-the­ cilla Buckley of National Review will do an HON. WILLIAM L. SPRINGER worlcl. trip, visiting with foreign official press, editorial, and there may be a possibility of and business and women's groups in a num­ William F. Buckley's devoting one of his OF ILLINOIS ber of count ries, we arranged to t alk with hour-long television shows to the POW /MIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES him before his departure, and asked that issue. The gals who made the trip per­ Wednesday, August 5, 1970 both he and Mrs. Washington raise the pris­ formed an outstanding service, and we will oner issue whenever possible in their meet­ keep similar projects moving at carefully Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ap­ ings. We consider that every personal contact spaced intervals. Unrelated to the New York pend herewith a very penetrating article anyone can make abroad will serve our cause. -trip, but of like interest, the League has been by John P. Roche in today's issue of the Opening Ceremonies.-We formally opened interviewed by Dan Green of the National Washington Post about the Vice Pres­ our D.C. office with a press conference and Observer, who is preparing what we hope open house, both of which drew outstanding will be a major POW/MIA story. George ident which I am sure many of my col­ attendance. You may have seen the excel­ Fielding Eliot, the noted author, has written leagues will want to read: lent CBS coverage, quoting Sybil as saying an article for distribution in the Family AGNEW'S POLEMICS BRING BALANCE TO that POW / MIA families "have worked too Magazine on 25 August (supplement to U.S. POLITICS long out of their living rooms and kitchens" medium-size circulation newspapers). I wondered how long it would take for the and that the new office will give the League Speakers.-We know that one of our most high theorists to catch up with Spiro Agnew. the ability to bett er coordinate its activities, valuable assets is the articulate, dynamic Now the parade of analyses has officially broaden communication with family mem­ League member. We're fortunate in having bers, and stimulate improved press-coverage begun with a New York Times Magazine piece so many in this category, and we plan to by Arthur Schlesinger Jr., and one can pre­ and public involvement. We also were able make good use of them. We are working out to focus att ent ion on the omissi ons from the dict that before the year is out every journal details for a solidly organized Speakers' in the Western world will feature a similar so-called "complete list" of prisoners North Bureau and are making contacts for our gals Viet nam reportedly gave the Committee of exercise. It will be discovered that Agnew is a to speak as often as possible to both national symbol of American "status displacement" Liaison. We did this by presenting one wife and international groups. (as a typical example of many other fam - a paradigm of the "paranoid style" in Amer­ ilies) who has photographs of her husband MIA Emphasis.-Much of the attention ican politics, a model of the "authoritarian released by the communists at the time of that has been given to the POW / MIA prob­ personality," and-of course-a harbinger o'f -capt ure, although his name d i d not appear lem by the press and public has been directed "fascism." on the list. This effectively punctured the at the prisoners held in North Viet nam, and This is good, clean fun and keeps a num­ spurious North Viet namese claim. And, at to various negotiations and contacts with the ber of people off the streets, but one can the same time, we reminded the press that government in Hanoi. Some of this is due to anticipate with considerable accuracy that many hundreds of others have never been the fact that the curtain of secrecy has not the results will tell us more about the anxiety identified at all and have never been allowed been held so tightly in place by the North of the authors than about Spiro Agnew. to write. Vietnamese, and the press (and, therefore, Take, for example, the statement that Senate Signatures.-To help support a Jun­ the public) has been given more frequent "Agnew is terrifying dissenters" (or TV pro­ ior Chamber of Commerce petition signing glimpses of the prisoners and prison condi­ ducers or professors or effete snobs). I can drive, we took p art in a kick-off signing cere­ tions in North Vietnam. The result has been easily imagine a dissenter being terrified by a mony in the Senate, with 22 Senators placing disheartening for those families whose loved tough cop or a longshoreman or a hard-hat. their names at the top of the petition, in a one is imprisoned or "missing" and believed But only a person born terrified could pos­ matter of 35 or 40 minutes, as they scurried to be imprisoned by the Viet Cong, the Pathet sibly flee an onslaught by the Vice President back and forth from an important debate on Lao, or other communist forces. They cannot of the United States. It is in the same class the floor. Senator Dole was especially helpful help but feel "left out" when they see press as fear of college presidents. in rounding up colleagues to sign the peti­ accounts or public campaigns, or petitions or Take the quote from Orson Welles that tion, and many in the group were members letter-drives which are directed only at Hanoi. Schlesinger seemed to take seriously. Asked who are pegged as "doves." We recognize the need to stimulate more in­ how anyone today could scare people the Meeting with Speaker.--On July 10, six of terest in and more publicity aibout those who way his "War of the Worlds" radio drama us met with House Speaker John McCormack are imprisoned or missing in other places did 30 years ago, he said "give unlimited air to seek his assistance in obtaining a Joint than Hanoi, and we will be working to find time to Spiro Agnew." It is possible that Meeting of Congress devoted to the POW/ new ways to publicize their plight, and to try Agnew scares hell out of Welles, but again I MIA issue. This could be the most important to assure that letters, petitions, campaigns, submit that this tells us something about forum we might ever obtain, particularly etc., are beamed at these areas, and to assure Welles, not Agnew. with all of the foreign ministers and am­ that the news media are constantly reminded The key to Agnew's success is not that he bassadors in attendance, as well as possible about these men, the conditions under which touches some profound psychic nerve in the live TV coverage. Sybil told the Speaker, in they are held, and the fact that they have American character, triggering authoritarian, part, "There could be no more stirring evi­ never been identified nor allowed to write to fascist reflexes. It is rather that he has pro­ dence of our national concern for man's their families. But, of course, we certainly vided some rough entertainment, some humanity to man than a joint meeting of will not neglect those captured or missing polemical balance to American politics. I Congress focused on the forgotten Americans in the North. All of the prisoners and missing don't know who started the rumor that Amer­ of the Southeast Asia war." The Speaker will get our undivided attention. icans thrive on consensus-perhaps President promised to give the matter "most serious Billboards.-We are working on a national Lyndon Johnson, who had his own patented consideration." billboard project. We want to develop the best consensus in mind and was delighted to let other L eaders.--On July 24, we met with possible billboard presentation-one that will others have his way. In fact, Americans have the House Majority and Minority Leaders, have a dramatic and compelling impact on always looked on politics as a body-contact Representatives Carl Albert (Okla.) and the public. Our plan is to perfect the b111- sport and were by 1969 extremely bored by Gerald Ford (Mich.) to urge them also to board design, get it into production, and send the one-sidedness of the match. support the plea for a joint meeting. Re­ the basic materials to local communities Everywhere the average citizen looked from action was excellent. They both said they throughout the nation. about 1966 onward, the President and his would endorse the meeting. We are arranging News Media Project.-Similarly, we are pre­ administration were getting the leather. The similar meetings with the Senate leader­ paring a nationwide and foreign news media antiwar groups escalated their rhetoric to a ship and with other infiuential members of campaign. The materials will be put together level that would constitute sedition just both the House and Senate. professionally and with the same care as the about any place else in the world. When Donations.-Most of you know by now b11lboard material. When the program is you turned on the tube, what did you see? of Vice President Agnew's generous dona­ ready to go, you also will be able to help in Some militant calling the President a "mur­ tion to the League of $12,500, representing the fulfillment of this project-as we supply derer" and calling for a revolution. his "royalties" from the sale of Agnew wrist­ the materials. Americans, contrary to rumor, are not pas­ watches and sweatshirts. We were invited Encouragement.-We have just had de­ sionate devotees of sedition laws (or, for that to the White House to accept the checks. livered to our office from the White House, matter, of any other kind of laws). But when Other donations also have been coming in, a magnificently framed picture with three the rhetoric gets rough, they expect a good in amounts ranging from $1 to $100. large photographs of members of the League, verbal brawl with two contenders in the News Media Trip.-Three of our mem­ taken with President and Mrs. Nixon. The ring. Thus when the antiwar spokesmen bers--Candy Parrish, Kathy Plowman, and inscription, signed "Richard Nixon" and started laying it on the Johnson admin­ Jane Tschudy-traveled to New York to "Patricia Nixon," says, in part: "You have istration, the citizenry waited for some &olid August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27555 counterpunching. But aside from a reference own country. Our Congressmen make our "TIMELY OBSERVATIONS": MARK to "nervous nellies" and a couple of other country's laws. Who elects the Congressmen? EAGLETON WAS A CITIZEN WHO side shots, the President "hunkered up like We do, of course. Indirectly, then, we are DID HIS DUTY a jack rabbit in a hailstorm." This was no responsible for the laws we made. What bout would happen if we put a communist in Con­ Into this polemical vacuum came Spiro gress, or in the White House. Such a tragic HON. W. R. HULL, JR. Agnew. Actually his first "hard" speeches mistake could well end in the death of our were pretty mild, say, by comparison with country as we know it. OF MISSOURI any of FDR's assaults on his opponents. By Anyone can see for himself that there are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 19th century standards, Agnew wouldn't communists in our country now. Some are Wednesday, August 5, 1970 even have made it into the big ring. But his harmless. Some aren't. The C. I. A. and the victims responded as though they were en F. B. I. have on file plenty of cases in which Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, a great Ameri­ route to labor camps, and the populace sud­ communists were the key characters. No can and Missourian passed away recently. denly awoke to the fact that a brawl was doubt many of the riots that are constantly The Honorable Mark Eagleton, father of on. Agnew achieved the status of a dragon occurring had "commie" leadership behind them. Missouri's distinguished junior Senator, killer without ever drawing his sword. He THOMAS F. EAGLETON, was a courageous became first-class entertainment. Recently Vice-President Spiro Agnew has Yet the American pepole are quite capable been making speeches against the "hippies". fighter for the best principles of our of keeping their categories straight. Asked He urges that the state governments try to American democracy and he will be if they think Agnew is doing a good job, a rid themselves of these "crackpots". It is our acutely missed by the many thousands of majority will say "yes"; asked if they think responsibility, if they are a threat to our persons who loved and admired Mark he would make a good President a majority freedom, to rid our country of them. Eagleton. will say "no." Their attitude reflects that All these reasons, and more, give us cause Under leave to extend my remarks in of the frontier woman in Abe Lincoln's story to fight for our freedom. The United States has been like a mother to us. If our own lov­ the RECORD, I include an excellent who saw her husband wrestling with a "Timely Observations" column which ap­ bear: "Go it husband," she would yell-then ing, devoted mother were threatened "Go it bear!" The jackrabbit in a hailstorm wouldn't we fight for her? So ought we to peared in the St. Joseph, Mo., News­ is not the American ideal of a politician, fight for our country's freedom. May God be Press eulogizing Mr. Eagleton: and Spiro Agnew is capitalizing on our fond­ with her. "TIMELY OBSERVATIONS": MARK EAGLETON ness for a scrap, not our desperate quest for WAS A CITIZEN WHO DID HIS DUTY an authoritarian womb. Going through life with its tortuous ways, CONDEMNATION OF THE its stumbling blocks, its deceptions, its dis­ COMMUNIST appointments, one all too rarely meets am.an who is so outsitanding as to make a lasting FREEDOM IS A RESPONSIBILITY impression as to abilLty, accomplishment, HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI genuineness, and extreme devotion to public OF ILLINOIS welfare. Mark Eagleton was such a man. He died unexpectedly Saturday night. HON. ED JONES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This newsman first came to know Mark OF TENNESSEE Wednesday, August 5, 1970 Eagleton 27 yea.rs ago when he was a corre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, a very spondent at Jefferson City and a sordid task Wednesday, August 5, 1970 faced the Sen.ate of Missouri. The question emphatic defense of the American sys­ was whether a senator from St. Louis should Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, tem and proper condemnation of the be expelled on the ground he had solicited the American Legion Auxiliary in Tren­ Communist system was carried in the a bribe. He denied the allegation. Mr. Eagle­ ton, Tenn., recently sponsored an essay Saturday, August 1, Polish American. I ton, skilled and highly reputed lawyer of contest in the city's schools on the sub­ believe this editorial makes its point quite St. Louis, was the man retained by the Senate well and therefore I insert it into the to prosecute the expulsion case. It was not ject of freedom. The winner of the con­ a duty to his liking; he accepted it solely test was Don King, an eighth grade stu­ RECORD: because he thought he should get involved dent at Peabody High School and son of FREEDOM WORKS BETTER in the interest of the public welfare. Mr. and Mrs. Allen King of Trenton. I "Greedy businesses" in the capitalistic The accused senator was a powerful man. request that his winning essay be printed system are often chosen as scapegoats for He had political roots deep not only in St. at this point in the RECORD: environmental pollution. The environment Louis but also in other parts of the state. issue has become one more tool in the arsenal No one ever thought it would be easy to FREEDOM Is A RESPONSmILITY of those who would like to rework the Ameri­ prove he should be expelled. A Senate com­ "When men like George Washington fought can economic system to conform more closely mittee of three-one of them State Senator the Revolutionary War, they fought not only to the statist system of other lands where Francis Smith from St. Joseph--called on for their freedom, but for the freedom of private citizens are virtually the property Mr. Eagleton at his summer retreat in Michi­ their descendants as well. Many men like of the state. gan and prevailed upon him to direct the Nathan Hale gave their lives for their coun­ But, surrendering to even the most tyran­ prosecution of the expulsion action. Only a try. nical form of state socialism won't bring an true sense of duty could have won him to "I regret that I have but one life to give environmental millennium. This fact is em­ the task. for my country." phasized by a press release from Prague, Strong legal opposition was retained to "I know not what stand others may take, Czechoslovakia. The release commen ts on an fight the expulsion, and the Senate floor be­ but as for me, give me liberty or give me article in a. Czechoslovakian newspaper tell­ came a forum for a bitter battle over whether death." ing how air pollution is threatening to wipe the accused senator actually had solicited a Words such as these reflected the feelings out the evergreen forests of northern Bo­ $1,500 bribe to work as a senator in behalf of many. In other countries many have died hemia. Notes the release, "Although not so of legislation to aid the cosmetology business. for the freedom of others. Even now, the U.S. int ended, the article amounts to a refutation There was no shadow boxing; legal and is involved in a war for the freedom of South of the Communist claim that socialism, by its political fists were bared. It was a burly Vietnam. Millions died in both the World very definition, protects nature from depreda­ battle. It was the first time in a century that Wars. These men gave their lives for a cause tion." The damaged forests mentioned in the the Senate has sought to expel one of its own. and a privilege we take for granted. Some, article cover more than 300 square miles. It is Only Mark Eagleton was fully aware of the who remember vividly the oppression in con­ easy to imagine the uproar that would be pressure being exerted to soften up the centration camps of World War II, still thank raised in the U.S., within the shelter of our prosecution, to go easy on the accused sena­ God every day for the freedom they now free press, if 300 square Iniles of choice rec­ tor. Some of the backers of the senator possess. reational forest land were threatened with stopped at nothing. There is a memory of Many Americans today do not know what destruction from environmental pollution. Mark Eagleton standing on the Senate floor a great gift they have. How many people in Under the freedom of capitalism, the pres­ and relating how threats had been made communist countries would gladly trade sures to curb environmental pollution within against him and his family, including one to everything they own for their freedom? the limits permitted by a growing popula­ kidnap his young son, Tom, if the prosecution Those that have died in wars have en­ tion is irresistible. U.S. industries have had was not halted. But Mr. Eagleton, speaking trusted to us the sacred responsibility of both no choice but to move ahead as rapidly as with tears on his face, told the Senate he maintaining our freedom and obtaining free­ possible in meeting environmental problems. could never acquiesce. dom for others. There have been quite a few As private enterprises, they cannot ignore Young Tom Eagleton, he was 13 then, countries and probably will be more in the the wishes of customers who are also the probably was the only one who got any type future who would not have freedom if the public. Where the state is master, the wishes of pleasure out of that interlude. He had a U.S. was not in existence. of customers and the public carry very little bodyguard-a policeman who went to paro­ Also we must think of freedom within our weight. chial school with him, remained with him on 27556 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 the playground, and accompanied him home professionals in the fields of mental re­ foresight and they must be converted to watch him until bedtime. The Senat e trial tardation and neurological disorders. from possibilities into facts. Dynamic of one of its members ended only when the It men use these opportunities as soon as accused solon resigned, pleading worry by has been my great pleasure to work relatives. with the program at the University of they arise. They are thus the makers of The Senat e had absolved itself, kept clear Michigan in this regard. I view it as one the precedents of history. it s jealous record of keeping its name for of the most exciting and interesting ef­ In the area of Federal employee union­ int egrity intact. And Mark Eagleton, with forts with which I have had the privi­ ism, the American Federation of Govern­ his vigorous handlin g of the matter, was the lege to work. It has already been highly ment Employees is most fortunate that man largely responsible for removing any influential in modernizing Michigan's it elected John F. Griner to its presi­ blemish from the so carefully-guarded pre­ programs in this regard. This legislation dency in 1962. For earlier that year, on cept of t he Senate of keeping its actions and its membership above suspicion. will enable it to make even greater January 17, 1962, President Kennedy has Mr. Eagleton served as president of the St. contributions. issued Executive Order 10988, setting up Louis board of police commissioners and also I am hopeful that the differences be­ for the first in history an Executive di­ of the St. Louis board of education. Out­ tween the House and Senate versions of rection for the handling of labor-man­ standing lawyer, fine citizen, he lived to see the bill can be quickly resolved and that agement relations throughout the execu­ his son, Thomas F. Eagleton, elected as St. this legislation can be signed into law tive branch. Thus that was the year of Louis circuit attorney, attorney-general of in the near future. It will be a major the great new opportunities. Missouri, lieutenant-governor of the state and then United States senator-all before step in aiding the developmentally dis­ Mr. Griner saw this opportunity and, young Eagleton was yet 39. abled to live fuller and more productive under his dynamic leadership, he under­ Mark Eagleton made many notable con­ lives. took a pace of employee union activity t ributions to St. Louis and to Missouri. He of unprecedented vitality. Between June represented the very best in dedicated citi­ of 1962 and June of 1970, a period of 8 zenship. Peace to his fighting spirit. AFGE-A GREAT UNION years of his presidency, the American Federation of Government Employees added over 220,000 dues-paying members. HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX It became the fast growing union in the SIX MILLION MENTALLY RETARDED OF PENNSYLVANIA AFL-CIO. TO BE HELPED BY HOUSE BILL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The union also immediately began to Wednesday, August 5, 1970 articulate its functions in every depart­ HON. MARVIN L. ESCH Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, the 22d Con­ ment and area of the Federal Govern­ OF MICHIGAN vention of the American Federation of ment. We ourselves saw a great burst of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Government Employees, AFL-CIO, activity, in the repeated appearance of opened this morning in Denver, Colo. Mr. Griner before the committees of the Wednesday, August 5, 1970 Representing over 650,000 Federal em­ House and Senate, especially the House Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, I want to take ployees in every department and agency Post Office and Civil Service on which this opportunity to commend the House of the Federal Government, both at home it is my privilege to serve. In fact, there for its overwhelming passage of the and abroad, the American Federation of were times when it appeared to me that Mental Retardation Facilities and Government Employees is the largest in­ Mr. Griner lived on Capitol Hill, he was Community Health Centers Construction dustrial-type union of Federal employees so often appearing there to represent the Act, H.R. 14237. ever to have existed in the history of the interests of Federal employees. The unanimous approval of this legis­ United States. The AFGE today includes As a member of the House Post Office lation illustrates, once again, the firm among its dues-paying membership of and Civil Service Committee for many commitment which we have as a nation 325,000, lawyers, doctors, diplomats, years, I am in an especially strategic to improving the Iives and the chances nurses, meat inspectors, truck drivers, situation to observe the effectiveness of of the 6 million ·persons who are men­ machinists, stenographers, helicopter pi­ the representatives of Federal employee tally retarded. This legislation, and lots, river dredgers, prison guards, and leaders who are seeking legislation on strong programs in the States through­ just about every kind of profession and behalf of their constituents. Outstanding out the Nation, provide a hope that the occupation which exists in the Federal among them, in my opinion, is John F. majority of our mentally retarded citi­ service. Only postal employees, who are Griner. Not only has he appeared more zens can become contributing members organized on a craft and not an indus­ often than anybody else, but his state­ of society. This legislation bespeaks our trial or general basis, are not included ments and his arguments have been al­ determination that the mentally re­ among the membership of the AFGE. ways objective, thorough and enlighten­ tarded will no longer be condemned to Thus, I believe one can say that the ing. a life in an institution or a life of union is truly representative of Federal His choices of legislative representa­ despair and complete dependence on employees throughout the Federal serv­ tives were equally wise. Over this period others. ice. of time, the AFGE was represented on the Additionally, we have recognized the I myself have had the privilege to serve Hill by such eminent men as John Mc­ special needs of the 2.5 million Ameri­ continuously in the House of Represent­ cart, Thomas Walters and, at the pres­ cans suffering from neurological disor­ atives since May 20, 1958. I have seen, ent time, by two of the finest men I have ders---such as epilepsy and related dis­ during this period of service four differ­ known, Carl K. Sadler and James H. orders, cerebral palsy, and neurological ent Presidents of the United States. I Lynch. I have the highest respect for impairments from childhood. This bill have seen this country in peace and in the skills of these men and I can under­ recognizes that they must not be lumped turmoil and, as a result, I have had the stand why the AFGE has had such major with the mentally retarded, for their opportunity to come to know the char­ successes in its legislative program. problems are different. At the same time, acter of many men, as the challenges of As an example, the House has before it makes a commitment to help them events tested them and placed them be­ it today H.R. 17809, a bill designed to solve their problems. fore opportunities for greater growth or establish for the first time a statutory I am particularly pleased with the for decline. basis for the setting of the wages of pre­ support which H.R. 14237 will give to the One of the organizations which has vailing rate employees. These number University-Affiliated program additional grown phenomenally during those 12 close to 800,000 human beings when one support. The University Amliated Facili­ years is the AFGE. When I entered the adds to their number the employees of ties are a major factor in our increasing House of Representatives, in May 1958, nonappropriated funds, who are also in­ ability to deal with the retarded in a the AFGE had a dues-paying member­ cluded in the terms of this bill. I know rational manner. Their interdisciplinary ship of approximately 56,000. Today, 12 I am not slighting any other union or cooperaton has provided new expertise years later, it has six times that dues­ employee group when I state that, if it in dealing with the broad problems of all paying membership and it represents 12 were not for the AFGE, this bill would sorts which a retarded person f aces---so­ times as many Federal employee3 as it not have progressed as far as it has. cial, psychological, medical and so forth. did in 1958. Since the Senate is also ready to act on These programs will be vital in increas­ Opportunities come in life, it is true, this bill in the near future, it appears ing the numbers and quality of trained but they must be discovered by men of that a major step will have been taken August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27557 in this session of Congress to bring those THE FAILURE OF VIETNAMIZATION reta.ry of Defense Melvin Laird, in a speech legal rights to wage grade employees given on Oot. l, 1969, explained the difference. which have been lacking to them since POLICY DIFFERENCES the establishment of the United States. HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER Under the Johnson Administration, ac­ OF NEW YORK Jus~ for his role in this single piece of cording to Secretary Laird, "Vietnamization" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES meant "de-Americanizing" the war. In the legislation, John Griner deserves the Nixon Administration, he said, "Vietnamiza­ deepest thanks of all wage grade Wednesday, August 5, 1970 tion" would mean "Vietnamizing" the war. emp~oyees. Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, in an There is, he said, "an enormous di:tference Classified, Foreign Service, and De­ August 1 editorial in the New York Times between these two policies." He did not ex­ partment of Medicine and Surgery em­ Senator EUGENE McCARTHY very clearly plain these differences nor have they become ployees also are deeply indebted to the clear in the ten months since that speech exposed the fallacy behind the theories was given. AFGE. As recently as July 28, Mr. Griner being put forth by the administration re­ appeared to testify on H.R. 18403, H.R. Vietnamization is being presented to us in garding Vietnamization. I urge my col­ a new form by the Nixon Administration. It 13000 and H.R. 12124, bills designed to leagues to read this penetrating analysis 1s no longer limited to Vietnam itself but is implement the Federal employees' pay and insert it in full at this point in the being extended into Cambodia and other comparability system and to establish a RECORD: parts of Southeast Asia. Vietnamese are now new procedure for assuring that Federal killing Vietnamese and Cambodians. Cam­ employees have a fair and objective gov­ TOPICS: THE FAll.URE OF VIETNAMIZATION BY bodians are killing Vietnamese and Cambo­ ernmental mechanism to eliminate the ANY NAME dians. Thais, we assume, are, or will be, failures of the past to achieve com­ (By Eugene J. McCarthy} k1111ng both Vietnamese and Cambodians parability. Vietnam.ization, like the proverbial cat, and, in return, we must assume that some seems to have at least nine lives, about five of Thais Will be killed by Vietnamese or by I believe that Mr. Griller's statement which have already been lived. Vietnamiza­ Cambodians. on classified pay is a classic example of tion was tried first by the French nearly 20 It was, after a.11, the inability of the South direct, forthright, and honest comment. years ago. On May 10, 1970, Genera.I Henri Vietnamese Army to fight effectively, even My colleagyes on the Post Office and Civil Navarre, formerly commander a! the French after more than ten years of training and Service Committee were most impressed, forces in Indochina, said: "Vietnami2".8.tion is equipment by the United States, that once again, with his command of the an old idea. It was the basis of my own plan prompted the dispatch of combat troops in when I was sent to Indochina in 1952." 1965. Even if through a resurgence of morale facts and with his intelligent and co­ Jean La.couture, in "Vietnam: Between the South Vietnamese Army could be made operative attitude. As I supported him Two Truces," published in 1965, wrote thait into an effective military force--and the ob­ and the AFGE in the progression of the the policy of "yellowing" (jaunissement) the jective stated by one American general of wage grade bill through committee to war was the subject of debate "throughout changing the color of the corpses was the floor of the House, in the same way the entire Indochinese war and particularly achieved-there would still be the question I shall help to advance legislation for the after the assumption of oommand by Gen­ of whether Vietnamization 1s desirable or classified, Foreign Service and Depart­ eral de Lattre in 1951-52." defensible. ment of Medicine and Surgery employees The French leaders who pressed for Viet­ Asians would be killing Asians with Amer­ namization argued that if the Vietnamese ican arms. Defoliation and destruction of so as to provide them with true compa­ Army could be trained and equipped to take crops would continue; villages be destroyed; rability. over the job of p&eifying and defending refugees be "generated"; casualties continue. The list of other bills on which Mr. Frenoh-held territories, French troops would The United States would still have moral Griner has testified is so long that it be freed to end the war by defeating Genera.I responsibility for the war, for continuing the would require an index or directory of the Giap's Vietminh Army. The French were able war and sustaining it. We would have made bills before the Post Office and Civil Serv­ to take the offensive--and went on to defeat of the Vietnamese Army essentially amerce­ ice Committee merely to list them. I shall at Dienbienphu. nary army, if we accept the Rusk and Nixon After the United States under President statements, fighting to protect the interests not elaborate further on them than to Eisenhower took over from the French in of the free world. say that they cover retirement, hospital­ 1955, our first program of Vietnamization One must ask how many times we will ization, and medical benefits, overtime, through training and equipping the South announce and attempt new policies of Viet­ classification, per diem, the protection of Vietnamese Army was initiated. By 1966, namization before we acknowledge failure the privacy of Federal employees and a when military assistance to Vietnam had and attempt a genuine political settlement host of other matters. In brief, everything grown so large that it was removed trom the by negotiating an end to the war in Vietnam. with which the House Post Office and foreign aid budget and incorporated into the Defense Depa.rtiment budget, the United Civil Service Committee has dealt has States had spent over $1.6 billion on the been of interest to the AFGE and to South Vietnamese Army. RESULTS OF OPINION POLL Mr. Griner. Under President Kennedy, new policies of Mr. Speaker, I am sure that the mem­ "eounter-insurgency" and "pacification" were bership of the House will agree with me announced. Major Robert K. G. Thompson, HON. BYRON G. ROGERS that Congress is helped very much when the British anti-guerrilla "expert," was OF COLORADO brought in as an adviser. Although 16,000 organizations like that of the AFGE give IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES us their views and share with us their troops were sent to Vietnam by President Kennedy, he insisted on the Vietnamization Wednesday, August 5, 1970 experience. I am sure that the member­ of the war. In one of his last comments on ship will also agree with me that we have the situation, he said: "It is their war. They Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, been most fortunate to have had a man are the ones who have to Win it or lose I recently submitted to my constituents of Mr. Griner's caliber working with us it ..." a request for their opinion as it relates for the last 8 years. JOHNSON' S ESCALATION to the fighting in Southeast Asia. In closing, I wish to express here my During the 1964 campaign, President John­ The questions asked were short and own best wishes to the American Fed­ son promised the American people that he direct to the point, and my responses eration of Government Employees and would not send American boys to do the were exceedingly good. I am pleased to job that Asian boys should be doing. Toward hope that their 22d Convention is as the end of the Johnson Administration, the report the results of the returns that I fruitful as their past conclaves have training of South Vietnamese to secure .. pac­ received. The questions and percentage been. I regret that I am unable to attend ified" areas was emphasized. American com­ of the answers to each of the questions and, for that reason, I am taking the bat troops were to be free for search-and­ is as follows: opportunity of making this statement destroy missions against the North Viet­ The sending of troops into combat in to inform them that I am there in spirit namese main force units. Almost to the let­ Vietnam (June 8, 1965): and that I shall always be interested in ter, this was a restatement of the Nava.rre Percent the welfare of Federal employees. strategy of 1953. I approved ______34.5 When President Nixon took office, there I disapproved------59.7 To the American Federation of Gov­ were a half million American troops in South ernment Employees, and to all its officers, Vietnam. Within the first year of his Ad­ The Vietnamization of the South Vietnam­ staff, and members, I say, "Good fortune ministration, he too announced a new policy ese warI approve effort: ______75.8 and greater progress than ever before on of Vietnamization although the definition of I disapprove ______15.8 behalf of all Federal employees." "Vietnamization" was slightly changed. Sec- 27558 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 The rate of withdrawal of American troops higher education money, that black provided to black colleges "is not insignifi­ from Vietnam: cant, it is relatively small when contrasted Is about right______54. 0 higher education institutions receive Is too slow ______21.5 only 3 percent of the education funds with the support the Federal Government grants to other minority groups." It notes Send them all home now ______25. 0 available. that Federal programs currently provide $12.'.> I commend these findings to the atten­ million to educate at the precollege and The sending of American troops to Cam­ tion of my colleagues since it is one more bodia: vocational levels the children of 500,000 Amer­ I approve ______56.9 illustration of the way Government ican Indians living on reservations. It also I disapprove ______43. 2 policy so often works against equal op­ states that $87 million was provided in 1970 portunity-whether in education, jobs, to assist Cuban refugee families. or housing. Mr. Speaker, we have asked "It is important to realize that many Fed­ eral programs exclude the black colleges the President to take notice of such ... because most Federal education funds are situations. We have suggested that the aimed at graduate training and research," the "HOW LONG, MR. PRESIDENT, Nixon administration should invite audi­ report points out. It notes that only 15 black BEFORE YOU REPLY?" ence with black representatives and colleges have graduate programs leading to elected officials and become aware of the the M.A. in a discipline other than educa­ HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY severe alienation of many black Amer­ tion am.d only Howard University routinely icans-much of which falls at the door of grants the Ph.D. OF MISSOURI the White House. The President must As reported earlier, former HEW Secre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tary Robert H. Finch said President Nixon act-he must respond to the urgency of has agreed to a reprogramming of funds at Wednesday, August 5, 1970 the unmet needs of 2'5 million American HEW during the current fiscal year to boost citizens. The account follows: Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, on July 23, the total amount of money received by black BLACK COLLEGE SHARE OF HIGHER EDUCATION colleges to more than $100 million (see Vol. Congressmen STOKES, HAWKINS and I XIX, No. 26). wrote to President Nixon indicating our FUNDS SAID 3 PERCENT A study of Federal funds received by Ameri­ FICE said in its report that most support concern for the President's failure to can colleges and universities in Fiscal Year for black colleges comes from human re­ give audience to black representatives or 1969 shows that the traditionally black col­ source agencies, and that agencies devoted es­ consideration to the problems of black leges received $119.5 million, or three percent sentially to scientific development provide the Americans. of the total. Most of the money for black least. Besides HEW, the agencies providing colleges-$87.3 million--came from HEW. The the most money to black colleges last year This week, the American Council on were the Department of Housing and Urban Education, in its weekly publication rest came from 15 other Federal agencies and departments (see accompanying table). Development, Office of Economic Opportu­ "Higher Education and National Af­ nity, National Science Foundation and De­ fairs"-August 2, has outlined the situ­ The unusual analysis of the Federal funds partment of Labor. The remaining 11 agen­ ation of Federal funding for black col­ was made by the Federal Interagency Com­ cies provided approximately $3 mill1on mittee on Education (FICE) at the request altogether. leges and universities. The findings and of the Administration following complaints recommendations of the Federal Inter­ The report says that its findings "destroy a last year from presidents of black colleges long accepted but false assumption: that all agency Committee on Education are about their share of Federal higher education black colleges are ignorant of Federal pro­ briefly summarized in this account. The money. grams, fail to participate in those available, FICE has shown, after a study of the The FICE report, submitted to the White or compete inequitably with white schools." facts documenting the flow of Federal House, states that while total Federal funds The report adds:

TOTAL AMOUNTS ALLOCATED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES TO TRADITIONALLY BLACK AND TRADITIONALLY WHITE INSTITUTIONS, FISCAL YEAR 1969 [Dollar amounts in thousands)

Institutions Percent Institutions Percent of total of total Agency Black White Total to black Agency Black White Total tJ black

Atomic Energy Commission ______$59 $120, 973 $121, 032 0. 05 Department of Justice __ ------__ $204 $5, 278 $6, 482 3.1 Civil Service Commission ______0 0 0 0 Department of Labor a______1, 715 32, 831 34, 548 5. 0 Department of Agriculture ______494 155, 506 I 156, 000 . 3 Department of State 2 ______------_ ___ 354 958 1, 310 27. 0 Department of Commerce ______146 4,768 4, 914 3. 0 Department of Transportation ______0 13, 204 13, 204 0 Department of Defense ______0 292, 406 292, 406 0 National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- Department of Health, Education, and tration ______------_ 694 127, 706 128, 400 . 5 Welfare ______--- __ 87, 259 2, 4U7272 2, 498, 531 3. 5 National Endowment for the Arts ______38 488 526 7. 2 Environmental Health Service ______(78) (20, 97) (20, 875) (. 4) National Endowment for the Humanities __ 286 2, 446 2, 732 10. 5 Health Services and Mental Health National Science Foundation ______3, 463 363, 537 367, 000 .9 Administration ______(3, 976) (270, 563) (274, 539) (1. 4) Office of Economic Opportunity ______6, 869 67, 018 73, 887 9. 3 National Institutes of Health 2______(5, 215) (872, 680) (877, 895) (. 6) Peace Corps ______750 5, 663 6, 413 11. 7 Office of Education ______(75, 852) (1, 181, 148) (l, 257, 000) (6. 0) Smithsonian Institution ______0 0 0 0 Social and Rehabilitation Service ___ __ (2, 138) (66, 084) (68, 222) (3. l) Veterans' Administration __ ------______28 1, 768 1, 796 1. 6 Department of Housing and Urban Devel- Total______It opment______------16, 934 283, 738 300, 672 5. 6 119, 483 3, 922, 421 4 4, 041 , 904 3. 0 Department of the Interior ______190 31, 863 32, 053 .6

1 Preliminary fiscal year 1969 data collected by the Committee on Academic Science and Engi- 3 Figures shown exclude $1,815,059 going to Washin gton Technical Institute, which received the neering for its survey, Federal Support to Universities and Colleges. funds for the District of Columbia in lieu of a State age ncy. 2 Data for fiscal year 1968, the latest year for which totals are available. 4 Total includes grants and loans to all institutions. "The fact is that many do participate well agencies and the colleges can maintain easy to final submittal. This proposal-review is in all programs which support undergradu- communications. a long established practice for other institu­ ate institutions. Indeed, black colleges often 2. The Administration should request Fed- tions which customarily results in more are more successful in obtaining Federal era.I agencies to review their education fund- funded proposals and correspondingly higher grants than are traditionally white schools ing programs and make a special effort to institutional morale. in certain parts of the country. Nonetheless, redi!l'ect more of their funds to undergrad- 4. The Administration should instruct the they could do better, and because of their uaite education in general and to black col- Federal agencies that wherever possible they leges in particular. To help accomplish this, should utilize black colleges as out-stations modest resources and limited private sup- the Administration should create an inter- for agency-funded centers of inquiry, re­ port potential, should be considered in a agency review panel (which would include search and program development. special category by the Federal Government." a black college policy group) to work with 5. The Administration should request the FICE concludes its report with the follow- black college representatives in determin- regional offices, particularly Atlanta and ing specific recommendations: ing types and amounts of support relevant Dallas, to appoint educational representa- Short range: to the particular needs of each institution. tives to maintain liaison wit h the black col- l. The White House should convene a con- 3· The Administration should request the Ieges. Further, the regional offices should en- ference of Federal officials, representing all Federal agencies to inaugurate program ori- courage the use of these colleges as sites for entation and proposal-writing workshops agencies having education programs, aind pertaining to specific programs having rele- conferences and places for an interchange administrators of the black colleges. The vance to black colleges. Subsequently, the of personnel and ideas. conference should include an explanation agencies should solicit preliminary proposals Long range: and review of all Federal support programs, from these colleges which should be reviewed 1. The President should appoint a nation- and establish means by which the Federal informally and returned with criticism prior al advisory council on black affairs to meet August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27559 periodically With him. Membership should understand the implica.tions of the changes and placements to meet the labor force de­ comprise eminent black national leaders In­ which these problems are bringing upon us, mands and employment to those who want cluding a substantial number of black col­ and the impeict they are having on the Am.m-i­ it. lege educators. The council should advise the can people. 7. Monetary policy should allow moderate Federal Government on wa.ys to involve black PeopJ.e are deeply concerned aibouit the eco­ growth in money supply in line with real colleges In relating to society's broad needs nomy. When unemployment, prices, interest growth. The level of interest rates should be and to become a prime resource for develop­ rates go up; and profits, stocks and reel in­ eased. Selective credit control may have to be ing intellectual and professional leadership, come go down, America.ns beoom.e nervous, employed. such as in law, the health professions, in­ and understta.nda.bly so. Action along these lines would create an dustry, commerce and community affairs. Since taxes and governmen·t spending have appropriate economic climate and enable pri­ 2. The Administartion should move to­ a great impact on the economy, they want vate enterprise to meet our economic needs. wards the eliminat ion of all matching fund those of us in government to do a better job REFORMS requirements at colleges enrolling a large of collecting and spending tax revenues. They proportion of students disadvantaged in ei­ wa.nt tax relief and tax equity-that is, as­ Our democratic process is being tested by ther economic or academic terms. The re­ surance that Americans in similar economic new and complex challenges. People are not quirement for matching funds has always circwnsta.noes Will pay about the same tax. at all sure that the government ca.n meet been a major obstacle to m aximum partici­ They want a saner sense O!f national these challenges. All of us become frustrated pation of black colleges in Federal programs. priorities . . . enough money for national when we feel that government is not respon­ 3. The White House should direct appro­ securit y, but not for monstrous Inilitary ex­ sive to our needs or when we feel the political processes are impotent. priate Federal agencies to propose new legis­ penditures . . . ad.equate funds to Sltop the lation or revisions to existing legislation fouling of our natural envdronmenit ... ad.e­ No person should be shut out from the which have relevancy to the economlc plight quate funds to improve the quality of edu­ decision-ma.king processes of this nation. of black students and to the special needs ca.tdon and health ca.re . . . funds t.o fig:hit The list of institutions which need reform of black colleges. Such proposals should in­ crime, but not for government programs of is long. Some of the places where changes clude a new program of direct student sup­ questionable value. are needed are: port, instituted grants and expansion of the The American people understand our 1. Congress should be modernized and current Development Instit utions Program global responsibilities as a world power, but streamlined. The seniority system should be administered by the Office of Education. they reject the idea that America must be modified to emphasize ability, not tenure The proposed National Foundation for the policeman of the world. . . . the appropriations process should be Higher Education most nearly relates to These changing times demand of all of us made more open . . . non-policy business needs for broad support. The Foundation, if in public life less rhetoric and more candor should be delegated . . . the procedures of established by Congress, and provided ulti­ the Congress should be computerized and . . . fewer promises and more performance modernized. mately with funds approaching one billion . . . less talking and more listening. dollars annually, would undergird an ade­ At the same time, the people are asking 2. Our national political parties must be quate institut ional support program across for a "piece of the action." They are suspi­ open to all the people, and political par­ the collegiate spectrum. cious of being shut out from the decision­ ticipation 1n campaigns widened. We must 4. The Administration should fund a Na­ making process, both in the political party reform party structures which have not tional Center for Higher Education Infor­ and in government. changed substantially for the last 100 years. mation to provide directory and counseling As your Ninth District Congressman, I am 3. The Electoral College should be abol­ service to collegiate institutions on available obligated to report to you my approach to ished. The time has come to elect this coun­ support programs in the executive branch. these issues. I have no illusions that my sug­ try's President by direct, popular vote. We This center could add to and utilize the cur­ gestions will be the best, or the only answers can no longer take the chance that the Pres­ rent Federal computer bank and data in every case, but to fail to deal With them idential candidate with the most popular sources. The center specialists could assist would be to fail my responsibility as your votes loses the election. college · and university faculty in reviewing Congressman. 4. Revenue-sharing efforts should be programs appropriate to their situation and THE ECONOMY started to bring government revenues closer approaching program directors for guide­ to the population. A portion of Federal tax Our national economic goals should be: revenues should be turned over to State and lines. This center would constitute a locus adequate growth; high prOductivity and em­ for academic referral to Federal agencies, local governments, to spend on deserving ployment, and price stability. programs, With a minimum of Federal super­ and it would be of special usefulness to It is not difficult to achive any one of black colleges. vision and control. these goals, but it is a monumental task 5. Our military draft system is faced with to achieve all at the same time. The statis­ the dilemma of "Who serves when not all tics of recent months point out our failure serve?" We must remove as many inequities to master this most important domestic in this system as we can now, and move as CONGRESSIONAL REPORT SENT TO problem. quickly as possible to an all-volunteer army. NINTH DISTRICT RESIDENTS­ We have experienced the highest inflation 6. Tax reform, begun by the Congress in AUGUST 5, 1970 in many years . . . the highest interest rate 1969, is essential to maintain taxpayer con­ in a century ... a slowdown in real growth fidence in the system. We must be sure that ... rising unemployment. those With substantially the sa.me incomes HON. LEE H. HAMILTON The government, by pursuing policies of pay the sa.me tax, to make general tax reduc­ balance, flexibility and moderation, can OF INDIANA tions possible, and simplify the tax code. change that picture. These are some of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 7. The Post Office Department should be needed steps: reorganized into an independent, self-con­ Wednesday, August 5, 1970 1. The government should balance its tained postal service--outside politics. It budget, and government expenditures should operate on a sound financial basis, Mr. HAMTI.,TON. Mr. Speaker, under should be vigorously restrained. giving managers freedom to manage, and of­ the leave to extend my remarks in the 2. Tax reform must be continued, aimed fering realistic career opportunities. RECORD, I include the following: at a more equitable and reliable revenue The democratic system is not an achieved "THE LIST JUST KEEPS GETTING LoNGER" system. This job was begun with the 1969 state or a resting place. It is a process, a. Tax Reform Act, but not completed. (By Congressman LEE RAMO.TON) living tissue. The institutions which make 3. An "incomes policy" should be estab­ up our system are not inviolate. They must Recent ly, a Ninth Distriot resident said to lished, with guideposts for wage and price change to meet the demands of the times. me: "Congressman, we never seem to solve increases. A st renuous effort must be made any O'f our problems. The list jUSlt keeps geit­ to have the voluntary cooperation of labor POLLUTION ting longer." and business leaders in their day-to-day de­ The Nation is stirring itself to express its The Nation's list of problems is formidable: cision-making processes. concern about the environmental crisis ... a war we cannot w i n , or end; pollution which 4. The competitive market must be allowed and none too soon. Every river system in thr eat ens our environment; crime, which to operate more freely through strict enforce­ America is polluted to some degree. Ameri­ threatens our safety; rising prices and unem­ ment of antit rust laws, the relaxation of im­ cans discard enough trash each year to fill ployment; urban congestion and rural stag­ port restrictions which increase domestic up the Panama Canal nine times. Millions of nation, and racial unrest and campus dis­ prices, better government purchasing pro­ tons of pollution are spewed into the air order , t o n ame a few . cedures, and a wholesale review of the sub­ each year. Because of t he magnit ude and complexity sidy and administered-price structure. Some expert s believe that the "point of no of these problems, some observers are saying 5. Specific inflationary bottlenecks, as in return" is a decade or less away. It is time to the American spirit is ailing under the sheer housing and health services, should be elim­ act, and our efforts should include such steps weight of them. They say t hatt Americans inated. Manpower training in the health field as: always have been optimistic about the future should be accelerated, and monetary policies 1. Funding: Providing and budget ing ade­ of t heir country, blllt lately that faith has should be adopted to ease the spiraling home quat e funds for pollution cont rol ait all levels faltered. mortgage rates. of govern ment . T heir assessment st rikes me as too gloomy. 6. Government should pursue an aggres­ 2. Ed ucation: Expanding t he educational But I do think all of us must do our best to sive manpower policy, providing job training effort t o reach cit izens, both at school and 27560 EXTENSIONS OE REMARKS August 5, 1970 in the community-at-large, on what needs lice action, the courts, or tough laws alone er jobs, poorer schools, more substandard to be done to preserve our environment. to elilnina.te crime. Coupled with a national housing, and less adequate health facilities. 3. Polluters Must Pay: Inltla;ting a na­ strategy against crime, we must work to cor­ The Nation's concern should be focused on tionwide system of emuent charges on pol­ r~t the social conditions which help to breed rural problems to the same extent that it is luters, with the fine based on the amount crime. now focused on urban problems. Only when and danger the pollutant poses oo the en­ In all of our efforts we must seek both the problems of the cities and of rural Amer­ vironment . justice a.nd order. ica are seen as part of the whole-linked to­ 4. Oon~essional Oversight: Orea.ting a FOREIGN POLICY gether-will progress be made. joint Congressional committee to oversee To help revitalize rural America, I recom­ a.11 Federial activities in pollution control World peace is the goal of United States mend the following steps: foreign policy, and how to organize it is the 1. _Attract new industry and expand pres­ and help to plan and implement :future great question of that policy. action. A steady and reasoned American foreign ent industry by tax incentives, loans, insur­ 5. Enforcement: Streamlining enforcement policy will shun both isolation and global ance and grants to industry which will lo­ procedures to assure polluters their activ­ intervention. Like it or not, America is in­ cate and expand in rural America.. ities will be met with swift a.nd financiaUy volved in the leadership of the world, and 2. Provide regional information centers painful action. cannot withdraw from that involvement. so that communities applying for Federai 6. Governmental Cooperation: State and assistance would have only to apply to one local units must form stronger partnerships America must take the lead in maintaining agency to see if their needs could be met to combat pollution. Since pollution does not stability in the world. Although every world event may affect it, not every event will affect rather than fill out numerous forms for in~ begin or end at city limits or state lines, re­ it vitally, and we must be able to distinguish numerable agencies. gional a.nd interstate cooperation a.lso must between the two. 3. Overhaul manpower policies to provide be expanded. better job information, improved job train­ 7. Research: More research is needed to I recommend that a steady and reasoned American foreign policy should: ing and counseling, and focusing on such find new alternatives in dealing with our critical fields as health, education, recrea­ pollution problems. Just as importantly, we 1. Maintain our econolnic and military strength. tion, and conservation. must expand the know-how we have already 2. Define our national interests carefully 4. Help insure adequate health, educa­ in dealing with these problems. tion and recreation facilities and the people The crisis is upon us, and it demands a and use our power carefully. 3. Maintain a minimum of commitments to staff them. po.sitive response. The direction we take now 5. Increase the development of rural water will move us quickly towards the control by engaging ourselves abroad only to protect vital interests. and sewer systems, without which a com­ of pollution-if we act positively--or towards munity cannot develop. possible extinction-if we let matters drift. 4. Encourage regional and international cooperation as an expression of the new na­ 6. Insist that econolnic opportunity funds CRIME tionalism of developing countries. and other government funds be spent at the Crime-the fact and the fear of it--con­ 5. Aid selected developing nations, but same per oa.pita level in rural America as in tinues to erode the quality of American life. without giving them more aid than their urban America. The FBI reports the rate of increase of public servants can administer. 7. Develop a simple and reliable channel serious crimes in the United States for the 6. Create a liberal trade policy without of communication between Washington and first three months of 1970 up 13 percent over creating undue burdens for American manu­ rural America. The development of a com­ the first three months of 1969. facturers and producers. petent and reliable community organization The first responsibility of any govern­ 7. In Vietnam, the U.S. should seek a nego­ is crucial for success. ment is the safety of its citizens. In our tiated settlement, and end the war by an 8. Utilize a representative from the Fed­ democracy, the principal responsibility for orderly disengagement of American military eral government to point out programs to dealing with crime rests with the St.e.te a.nd forces which will protect the future position potential initiators of applications, encour­ local communities. However, the Federal gov­ of the U.S. in world affairs, assure the safety age them to participate, and be prepared to ernment must help. I support a brood-based of American forces now in Vietnam, and en­ give technical assistace on the applications. attack on crime which does not infringe upon courage the prospects of a safe return for The skill of the professional planner is local responsibility, including: ~erican prisoners of war and the safety of needed in rural America. 1. Increased Funding: The Law Enforce­ Vietnamese citizens. 9. Encourage regional planning and mod­ ment Assistance Adlninistration provides FARM PROGRAM ernization of state and local governments financial and technical support for local and The average farmer does not receive his to make assistance mOTe effective and gov­ State police agencies. It has never received ernment more responsive to the people of adequate funding. This effort must be given fa.11: share of the Nation's prosperity-a pros­ perity he has done much to create. His in­ rural America. priority budgetary consideration. 10. Reduce the massive outlnigration from 2. court and Penal Reforms: With a "re­ come ls about two-thirds of the income of the city dweller, and the cost-price squeeze con­ rural America by providing loans and loan turn" rate of 70 percent among criminal of­ guarantees to encourage private investment, fenders, it is apparent our penal system has tinues oo hurt him. To achieve the goal of a fair income for vocational training, health care, hospitals, serious shortcomings. I have introduced leg­ and public investment in roads. islation to improve penal facilities and meth­ the farmer, I support these steps: 1. A move in the direction of a market­ The complexity of the problems of rural ods at all levels of government and provide America preclude the success of a single new controls over probationers, parolees and oriented economy, protecting and improving the farmer's income by reducing surpluses program or approach. It calls rather for a those found not guilty by reason of insanity. concerted and coordinated attack across the I also have introduced legislation to re­ and, if necessary, making payments to th~ farmer to insure his income. Fa.rm payments board spectrum of problems which face rural quire quicker trials for those charged with America. Federal violations. We need also to ease the should be limited, however, to $20,000 per load on overburdened crilninal court judges producer per year. and to press for sound court management at 2. Provide marketing research, better in­ all levels of government. formation, bargaining, marketing arrange­ ISRAELI HISTORY 3. Juvenile Crime: Crime rates are nearing ments and cooperative buying and selling a 10 percent annual increase among juve­ for the farmer. Safeguards must be enacted niles. Such efforts as the Juvenile Delin­ to prot:ect the farmer from deceit, unfair HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL quency Prevention and Control Act of 1968, competition and fraud in the marketplace, OF VIRGINIA however. which authorizes block grants to States to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES combat this growing menace, must be given 3. Expand world trade, extending at the new emphasis and adequate fundin g. same time maximum self-help assistance to Wednesday, August 5, 1970 4. Dangerous Drugs: With statistics indi­ foreign countries to bring them into the world market. Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. cating that more and more offenders have Speaker, one of my constituents Mr. histories of drug use, we must move to cur­ 4. Adjust cropland to retirement and less tail the tramcking of drugs in this country, intensive uses such as grazing, forestry and Sidney Kortez, of Arlington, ha~ re­ and internationally. More education on drug recreation. quested me to insert the following two abuse is needed, and the root causes of drug 5. Increase negotiability or acreage allot­ articles, which he prepared and which abuse must be brought under increased ments and marketing orders. the Northern Virginia Sun printed, in the scrutiny. 6. Extend long-term credit to young farm­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. He is of the opin­ 5. Organized Crime: Statistics show that ers. 7. Give the farmer more direct voice in ion that the House o.f Representatives nearly $100 billion a year is reaped by orga­ should have the benefit of his historical nized crime in gambling and loan sharking government by adding to the President's alone. The Organized Crime Bill of 1969 Council of Economic Advisers an agricultural research into the legal foundations of which has passed the Senate, would do much economist. the present State of Israel. I honor his to cut into these lucrative, but vulnerable RURAL AMERICA request to petition the Congress to pre­ activities. I support and urge its passage. The "forgotten Americans" reside in our sent his views and request these articles 6. Socia.I Problems: We cannot expect po- rural areas. In rural America, there are :rew- be printed in the RECORD: August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27561

IGNORANCE OF PAST NETS CONFUSION Is LET EACH HAVE A NAME it any wonder that two United States According to Sen. J. W. Fulbright, chair­ Senators can't get straightened out between The New York Times of Apr. 2 has an "Open man of the Senate F'oreign Relations Com­ them what are or are not present formal Letter to Kosygin-Nasser & Co." from Mr. mittee, as stated on a "Face the Nation" TV commitments of the United States when Sol A. Dann of Detroit, Mich. It proposes that program on July 5, the United States has no they ignore or are ignorant of its pa.st com­ Jordan's name be changed back to "Pales- "formal commitments" to come to the aid of mitments? This is not a good harbinger of tine." Israel. But Sen. Mark Hatfield, in a speech the time when Congress will take over from The Pales.tine Mandate covered 10,000 in the Senate on June 16, had said that "We the President the conduct of our foreign square n1lles west of the Jordan River and have legal and political commitments to Is­ policy. 35,000 lying to the east. In 1922, Great Brit­ rael." How he came to this conclusion is SIDNEY KORETZ, ain, the mandatory trustee, took the entire hard to fathom, judging from a "compila­ Arlington. area east of the Jordan River out of the man­ tion of the history of the Middle Ea.st" which date, calling is Transjordan, and setting it he had inserted into the Congressional Rec­ up as an Arab kingdom under the Emir Ab­ ord consisting of some 15 pages, a prelude to dullah, grandfather of the present King his speech. Judging from his account, the Hussein. In 1948, Transjordan seized 2,000 NAPHCC QUESTIONS HUD'S MODEL State of Israel is primarily the result of "bro­ PLUMBING CODE PROMOTION square miles of Western Palestine and called ken promises" made by Great Britain, with the combined area "Jordan." This seized por­ about four pages devoted to the doubtfully tion was occupied by Israel in 1967. relevant exchange of letters between the HON. JOHN C. KLUCZYNSKI The word "Palestine,'' as Mr. Dann points Sherif Hussein, then of Mecca (but later out, is not of Arab derivation. It was con­ forcibly expelled by Ibn Saud), and Sir A. H. OF ILLINOIS cocted from the word "Philistine" by the McMahon, British High Commissioner at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Romans who wished to erase from memory Cairo. Palestine, by name, is nowhere men­ Wednesday, August 5, 1970 the claim of the Bible that the Jews had tioned in this corresponden~e. It has been rights there. Since the destruction of the accepted by the best authorities, that Pales­ Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Mr. Speaker, I Jewish state by the Romans in the year 70, tine was specifically excluded in whatever have been advised that on June 24 of Palestine never has constitued an independ­ pledges Britain made to support Arab inde­ this year, the National Association of ent political entity. The Romans left no legal pendence. In one place in Sen. Hatfield's in­ successor. The Arabs, who conquered it in sertion, there is a mention that the Balfour Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors, 634, were in possession for a relatively short Declaration was "directly incorporated, al­ NAPHCC, meeting in its 88th annual time, when it passed successively to the rule most verbatim, in the League of Nations convention in New Orleans, La., unani­ of the caliphs of Damascus, the caliphs of mandate," but in general the relevant inter­ mously adopted a resolution strenuously Bagdad, the Tulinide governors of Egypt, national law in favor of the establishment of opposing the enactment by State and back to the caliphs of Bagdad, then to the a Jewish National Home in Palestine is local jurisdictions of the Basic Plumbing Egyptian Ikshidl princes, and finally to 'the omitted. Code published by the Building Officials caliphs of Cairo. After 1071 Palestine was It is a bit presumptuous to treat of the and Code Administrations International. subjected to non-Arab conquerors, the British Declaration of Nov. 2, 1917, the so­ Kurds, the Crusaders, the Mamelukes, and called Balfour Declaration, "in favor of the It has also come to my attention that finally the Turks. In 1923, by the Peace establishment in Palestine of a national NAPHCC contends that the Department Treaty of Lausanne, the Turks surrendered home for the Jewish people," without exam­ of Housing and Urban Development has their rights to the Allied Powers. ining the concrete institutions which its ac­ considered designating this code as a Since the Jews were conquered after bit­ ceptan<:e by the highest international au­ "nationally recognized model code" and ter resistance and continuously, by word and thority at the time, the League of Nations, therefore may require certain jurisdic­ act, have asserted their claim, it follows, ac­ set up to implement it. A good summary is tions to adopt parts or all of the code in cording t o Oppenheim's International Law found in "Palestine, A Study of Jewish, Arab, (5th edition, London, 1937, Volume I, Page and British Policies," published for the order to obtain recertification of their 456), that the Roman conquerors never es­ Esco Foundation for Palestine, Inc. (Yale workable programs for community im­ tablished a clear title to Palestine. The old University Press, 1947) on pages 234-240. provement. Jewish claim, moreover, received renewed vi­ The primary purpose of the League of Na­ NAPHCC also maintains that the code tality in the Palestine Mandate of the League tions Mandate for Palestine, as expressed in is not trully a nationally recognized code of Nations, according to which there is "the its preamble and its articles, was to promote and never has been; and that it was historical connection of the Jewish people the establishment of the Jewish National adopted without notice to the NAPHCC with Palestine," providing "grounds for re­ Home. This document was framed in the constituting their national home in that Jewish interest, and the imperative obliga­ or representatives of the plumbing­ country." tions placed upon the Mandatory, i.e., Great heating-cooling industry. Since 1071, there has been no Arab rule Britain, were in favor of the Zionists. It is In light of these developments, I am in Palestine until "Transjordan" was uni­ significant that the word "Arab" did not concerned that such may have a possible laterally, i.e. Without international sanc­ once appear, and that the native Pales­ adverse effect upon small business and tion, given to Arabs by Britain. Unlike the tinians were referred throughout as "non­ local jurisdictions. Because of my strong Jews, the Palestine Arabs never struggled Jews." The Mandate, although designed to facilitate the establishment of a Jewish na­ and continuing interest in small business, for their independence; they submitted to to every conqueror and thus acquiesced in their tional home, ma.de full provision for the I am bringing these reports the atten­ domination. Even in 1917, when the Arabs· rights not only of the individual inhabitants tion of my colleagues and the Depart­ of the desert revolted against Turkish rule of Palestine but of the non-Jewish commu­ ment of Housing and Urban Develop­ the Palestine Arabs took no action and the nities. ment. It is my sincere desire that plumb­ majority continued to fight for the Turks. This was formally incorporated into inter­ ing codes not be designated as nationally It is a myth that the Arabs were in un­ national law by the League of Nations on recognized without the most careful con­ interrupted possession of Palestine for cen­ July 24, 1922. It had the concurrence of all sideration of the effects upon smali. bu&i­ turies. This ignores the facts of Arab immi­ the enlightened nations of the world. Presi­ ness and local jurisdiction. gration into the area, including that re­ dent Woodrow Wilson had already expressed approval of the Balfour Declaration, and I include the text of the NAPHCC res­ sulting from economic development by Jews. in Nevertheless, Arabs have rights here which added, as reported in the New York Times of olution at this point the RECORD: have begun for the first time to regard them­ March 3, 1919, that he was "persuaded that NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PLUMBING-HEAT­ selves as "Palestinians,'' implying that the the Allied nations, with the fullest concur­ ING-COOLING CONTRAcrORS RESOLUTION rence of our Government and people are existing Arab states no longer speak fur Whereas, the organization known as the them. The Jordanians are also Palestinians. agreed that in Palestine shall be laid the foundations of a Jewish commonwealth." On Building Officials Conference of America or Arabs can choose f.rom any one of 18 separate BOCA was at one time a co-sponsor together Arab States if it is a question of language Sept. 21, 1922, President Harding signed a Joint Resolution of Congress expressing sup­ with the National Association of Plumbing­ (and no other viable definition of the word ican Public Health Association, acting under "Arab" exists). If the Roman bequest of port of the Jewish national home in Pales­ tine. On Dec. 3, 1924, the United States and Heating-Cooling Oontractors and the Amer­ "Palestine" finds Arab, rather than Phllis­ Great Britain, signed a treaty, whereby, the the auspices of the American National Stand­ tine, heirs, well and good. It might give United States, a non-member of the League ards Institute (then known as the American them a psychological lift if' the Hebrew name of Nations, became a party to its Palestine Standards Association) to revise the National "Jordan" is supplanted. Let the State of Mandate. Technically (although downgraded Plumbing Code, until BOCA in 1967 deserted IsTael have the Hebrew name and the Arabs by our State Department) this Treaty was this venture in order to publish its own the Palestinian name. the fundamental law underlying United plumbing code; and SIDNEY KoRETZ. States relations With Palestine for almost a Whereas, in 1968 BOCA did proceed to pub­ Arlington. quarter of a century. lish, over the most strenuous objections of 27562 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 the NAPHCC, an inferior work known as the those views will receive consideration. VIETNAM TROOPS SUPPORT PRESI­ Basic Plumbing Code; and Thus they are able to participate in the DENT'S CAMBODIAN DECISION Whereas, the U.S. Department of Hous­ process of government. ing and Urban Development has been so mis­ The responses to this questionnaire informed as to call the BOCA Basic Plumbing Code a nationally recognized model code were tabulated by Data Management, HON. BENJAMIN B. BLACKBURN. and to require t.hat cities and counties Inc., of Springfield, Va. The results from OF GEORGIA throughout the United States haV'ing Work­ this tabulation follow: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES able Programs throw out their existing codes PuBLIC OPINION SURVEY OF NORTH CAROLINA'S and adopt the BOCA code as an indispensable NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Wednesday, August 5, 1970 condition of retaining eligibility for federal (Answers 1n percentages} my money; and Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, Whereas, BOCA has just recently amended 1. Do you approve of the actions taken by attention has recently been drawn to a the definition of plumbing to exclude all President Nixon in Cambodia? letter that was written to the Valdosta. Daily Times, Valdosta, Ga. plumbing installations whatsoever beyond Yes------77.9 a line five feet outside the foundation walls No------19.3 The letter, by Mrs. Sonja N. Bracewell,. of a building or structure, as well as all in­ No answer------2.8 contains excerpts of a letter she received stallations of gas piping; chilled water pip­ 2. Should the United States- from her husband who was serving in ing in connection with refrigeration, process Continue the present policy of and comfort cooling; hot water piping in Cambodia. gradual withdrawal of troops Mr. Speaker, of late those who had op­ connection with building heating; and piping and the Vietnamization of the for fire sprinklers and standpipes; and posed President Nixon's decision to send war?------48.5 Whereas, this action on the part of BOCA Begin immediately the total with­ troops into Cambodia have been strange­ was taken without notice to the NAPHCC drawal of all American military ly silent. Their silence, I feel, is due in l'.ir representatives of the plumbing-heating­ forces from Vietnam and Cam- large part to the success of the Cam­ cooling industry, thereby causing untold bodian incursion. confusion and disruption in construction bodia? ------22.5 Step up military activities as nec- industry practice and endangering the health The success of this incursion is told essary to achieve a military vic- by Captain Bracewell in his letter to his and safety of the public by providing that a tory in Vietnam?______27. O large volume of plumbing work c .... rr be per­ wife. He also tells of the rising morale formed by unlicensed and untrained per­ No answer ------2. O of our troops in South Vietnam as a re­ sonel; now, therefore, be it 3. Do you favor converting to an all-volun- sult of this offensive while deploring the Resolved, that the National Association of teer force? actions of those in the United States Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors op­ Yes------49.8 who would "sell us out." pose the recognition of the BOCA Basic No------44.4 Plumbing Code as a national model code and I believe his words will be of interest No answer ------5. 8 to all Members of the Congress, whether that such opposition shall be strenuously ex­ 4. Should 18 year olds be allowed to vote? pressed to HUD, BOCA, and all other inter­ they support or oppose the President's ested parties; and be it further Yes------36.2 action. Therefore, under leave to include Resolved, that the secretary transmit a No ------61.5 extraneous material, I hereby enclose copy of this resolution to the Honorable No answer------2.3 Mrs. Bracewell's letter to the Editor of George W. Romney, Secretary of Housing and 5. Should spending for the Space Pro­ the Valdosta Daily Times. Urban Development. gram be- VALDOSTA, GA., (a) increased?------10.9 June 11, 1970. (b) continued at the present EDITOR, RESULTS OF PUBLIC OPINION SUR­ level?------34.9 The Valdosta Daily Times, VEY IN NORTH CAROLINA'S NINTH (c) decreased?------46.1 Valdosta, Georgia. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT No answer------8.1 DEAR Sm: The following excerpts are from 6. Do you favor compulsory busing if that a letter, dated May 30, 1970, just received is required in order to achieve approximate from my husband, Capt. James P. Bracewell, HON. CHARLES RAPER JONAS racial balance in the public schools? Headquarters & Headquarters Troop, 7th OF NORTH CAROLINA Armored Sqdn., 1st Air Cavalry, who is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Yes------8.1 on his second tour of duty in Viet Nam. We No ------90. 1 No answer------1.8 read of so many being against the Cambodian Wednesday, August 5, 1970 invasion that I feel burdened to share his 7. To control inflation, would you favor­ feelings with you and the Times readers. Mr. JONAS. Mr. Speaker, under leave (a) continuation of present pol- to extend my remarks in the appendix, icies? "You're right a.bout my outfit still mixing I include the resrults of my annual pub­ it up in Cambodia. You're also right about Yes------19.0 "B" troop. They've been hit pretty hard­ lic opinion survey among residents of No------15.4 but then we all have. Vinh Long (Capt. B's North Carolina's Ninth Congressional No answer------65.6 location) hasn't been attacked in nearly a District. (b) wage, price, and credit con- month now. We're really hurting the enemy Participation in the survey this year trols? in this Cambodian activity. We're splitting set a new record for the people of our Yes------29.4 their units, cutting off their supplies, and district. A total of 21,479 responses have No------16.5 causing them so much confusion they don't No answer------54.1 know which way to turn. I sort of expect been received from the people of the (c) reducing federal spending? ninth district. The previous record was them to try to hit some of our bases pretty Yes------64.4 hard here in the Delta. They have to do set in 1968 when 17 ,000 citizens par­ No------9.2 something to try and draw us away from ticipated, so the performance for 1970 No answer------26.4 their sanctuaries in Cambodia. We're ready shows a 29-percent increase in citizen 8. Would you favor the federal government for them though, and they'll pay a heavy participation in this very significant sur­ guaranteeing a minimum annual income to price if they hit us. I don't think they can vey of voter attitudes. This demonstrates, every American family? afford to take the kind of loss we'll give more than anything else I can think of, Yes------14.9 them. In the past, they sustained heavy losses, but they always had replacements the concern of the American people over No ------81. 8 the critical issues facing this country No answer------3.3 readily available just across the border. Since we cleaned out the "Parrot's Beak", we today. As usual, many of those respond­ 9. Do you favor increasing postal rates to ing availed themselves of this oppor­ denied them a clear path for reinforcements reduce the Post Office Department's deficit--- and supplies. Honestly, this move into Cam­ tunity to express themselves on these (a) on first class mail? issues and others by way of comments bodia has done more for the war effort than Yes ------8. 6 any steps we've taken before. We, who are elaborating upon their "yes" or "no" No ------37. 9 answers. over here, are a lot safer because of this No answer ------53. 5 decision and most of us are thankful that (b) on other classes of mail? I make a special effort to keep abreast our Co~mander-in-Chief has given us the of the thinking of my constituents. The Yes------54.3 No------16.5 opportunity to meet the enemy on our terms use of an annual questionnaire is one for a change. Some of us are dying for this No answer ------29.2 way, among many, that is used. I find (c) on all mail? cause, and now we're beginning to feel that this to be an effective way for the peo­ Yes------24.2 it's not in vain. I only hope they don't ple down home to make their views No------33.2 stop us now that we are moving. known to me with the assurance that No answer------42.6 Since the beginning of the Cambodian August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27563 push, my opinion of some of the Vietnamese The true Christi.an, product of Christian SYMPOSIUM TO BEGIN units has grown st eadily higher. Watching education, is the supernatural man who Observance of the centennial, which is the ARVN Armored Cavalry units in Cam­ thinks, judges, and acts constantly and con­ focused on the theme, "Knowledge in the bodia brings to mind the thunderous charges sistently in accordance with right reason. Service of Man," will begin with a major made by the horse cavalry in the old days. The man who always does what he be­ academic symposium, "Man in the Urban The U. S. advisors have done a remarkable Complex," which will be held tomorrow thru job of assisting these units, and they are the lieves is right is, unfortunately, becoming Wednesday in the John B. Murphy audito­ unsung heroes of this whole war. They are as extinct as the bald eagle. It is reas­ rium, 40 E. Erie St. the men who are making the President's suring to have a school interested in con­ Among those who will participate in this Vietnamization plan a success. Now I firmly servation-the conservation of man. symposium on urban problems are Dr. Philip believe that the Vietnamese people will be It was Dr. Victor C. Ferkiss, a politi­ M. Hauser, director of the population re­ .able to stand up against any aggressor much search center and professor of sociology at sooner than I ever thought possible. Of cal scientist at Georgetown University, who recently shocked the scholastic the University of Chicago; Walter P. Reuther, course, I can only speak for myself, but president of the Unilted Auto Workers; John I believe that if the Vietnamese forces in world when he said: Kenneth Galbraith, Paul M. Warburg, pro­ the other parts of the country are progress­ My thesis is starkly simple: Modern civili­ fessor of economics at Harvard University ing as well as they are here in the Delta, zation and perhaps the human race is on the and former ambassador to India; and Whit­ we will be able to withdraw our forces in verge of extinction. Meanwhile, the universi­ ney M. Young, Jr., executive director of the total in the near future. Of course, we must ties, supposedly civilization's torchbearers, Nation al Urban league. continue to support these people with our are almost Without exception standing pas­ The symposium is the first of five to be advisors as well as our money for quite a sively by while mankind plunges heedlessly held as part of the centennial observance. while. What we, the soldiers, need most of toward disaster. Others are "The Brain and Human Behavior," all is the support and faith of the people to be held Wednesday thru Friday; "Current of the United States. It is a terrible thought It is my thesis that Loyola University Evolution of Man's Sense of Values," Jan. 5 that our own people in our own beloved is one of the last of "civilization's torch­ thru 7; "Freedom and the Human Sciences," Kation cannot see the absolute necessity of bearers." It is my hope that it will con­ Jan. 7 thru 9; and "Higher Education-Unity our being here-and staying here until the tinue this noble crusade in the years to or Diversity,'' April 6 thru 8. job is done. Many of my soldiers have re­ come. More than 1,200 alumni, honorary degree turned to Vietnam from special leave in Loyola University is the largest Cath­ recipients, and guests are expected to attend the St ates, and told me how they were a centennial alumni dinner Wednesday in afraid to wear their uniforms in the streets olic school in the country, and it has the Pick-Congress hotel. This is the first of of America! You know how proud I've al­ certainly helped the professional commu­ three major dinners which will be held in ways been of my uniform, because I felt nity of Chicago. Eleven percent of Chi­ connection with the centennial. The Rev. that it identified me as a member of a noble cago area attorneys have graduated from James F. Maguire, university president, will profession whose sole duty is to protect Loyola. The medical school is responsible deliver the main address. and defend the greatest nation in the world for 20 percent of Chicago's doctors, and and all her interests. I cannot comprehend [From the Chicago Tribune, Apr. 23, 1970] why a soldier, who has risked his life day the dental school for 51 percent of Chi­ after day for a year or more, must be sub­ cago's dentists. LOYOLA'S CENTENNIAL jected to ridicule and persecution in the Mr. Speaker, at this point I would like This spring Loyola university of Chicago very country he has risked his life for when to submit several newspaper articles per­ rounds out its 100th year. We are glad to he returns home. taining to Loyola University and its many raise our voice in the chorus of congratula­ What on earth has happened to patriot­ fine accomplishments over the years. I tions to this highly useful Chicago institu­ ism? Where is that great American spirit tion, which has taken seriously its motto of the past ? We are looking like complete trust that my colleagues will find these "Knowledge in the Service of Man." asses in t he eyes of other countries all over articles interesting and stimulating: The modest college which opened for the the world! God help me to keep the faith [From the Chicago Tribune, Sept. 28, 1969] first time in September, 1870, at 11th and I've always had in my country. I just pray LoYOLA SETS CELEBRATION OF CENTENNIAir-- May streets survived the Great Fire with its t hat the people of the United States will URBAN WoF.S PARLEY BEGINS TOMORROW physical plant unscathed. As early as 1874, wake up, and live up to the responsibilities THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE said of Loyola, "This of being the greatest n ation of all! (By Sara Jane Goodyear) valuable college is growing in numbers and I had to get this off my chest. I could Loyola university will begin its official cen­ is now one of the most prominent institu­ have gone on and on! tennial celebration this week. tions of learning in the city." Thank you Mr. Editor. In the months ahead, thousands of the By 1970 its growth has enabled Loyola to Sincerely, school's alumni and friends will attend aca­ describe itself as the largest Catholic univer­ SONJA N. BRACEWELL. demic symposiums and centennial dinners. sity in the country, and to claim more than FOUNDED IN 18 7 0 hal'f this area's dentists, more than a third of the area's social workers and public school The Rev. Arnold J. Darnen founded the principals, and a substantial proportion of university in 1870 on a plot of prairie more ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF our physicians and attorneys among its than a mile from the center of town. It was alumni. From freshman year thru a variety LOYOLA UNIVERSITY called St. Ignatius college then and was of professional schools, Loyola has provided locat ed at 12th and May streets, next to Holy the opportunities by which generations of Family Catholic church, which Father Darnen Chicagoans have qualified themselves for HON. DAN ROSTENKOWSKI had founded 13 years earlier. influential and useful roles in society. OF ILLINOIS When Father Darnen welcomed the first Among the names of Loyola alumni who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES class of 37 students, the new school had a have made a mark in government are Carter faculty of four Jesuit priests whose aim was Wednesday, August 5, 1970 H. Harrison Jr. [mayor of Chicago], Judge to give the students a liberal education de­ Philip L. Sullivan, Judge Augustine J. Bowe, Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, signed to develop the whole man. Judge Roger Kiley, Judge William J. Camp­ on July 1, 1970, the House passed House The school has attempted to pursue this bell, and Congressmen Daniel J. Ronan and Resolution 1036, commemorating the philosophy thru the years as it has expanded Edward J. Derwinski. Men and women of lOOth anniversary of Loyola University. to 12 colleges and schools on six campuses comparable distinction have moved from with a total enrollment of more than 13,000 Loyola's classrooms into a variety of careers. This school numbered 37 students students. This many-sided institution has a physical when classes started on September 5, PREPARE TO MOVE presence on Chicago's far north side lake 1870, with a faculty of four Jesuit priests. Preparations to move the school from its front, on the near north side, in Maywood, These Jesuits had the theory that a lib­ initial location began in 1906 when the school and even in far away Rome [where Loyola eral education designed to educate the bought a 25-acre site between Sheridan road has the largest American study center in "whole man" was essential. We can be and the lake north of Devon avenue. The Europe]. An urban university serving a thankful that this same philosophy pre­ gradual relocation to the present Lake Shore primarily local population, Loyola. deserves vails today in the university's 11 colleges campus took place in the next 16 years. grateful recognition from all Chicagoans. and schools which are located on six The building at 12th and May streets be­ A Jesuit institution, With its every presi­ campuses. This is a university which can came St. Ignatius High School. dent from the Rev. Arnold Darnen to the Expansion has continued at a steady pace incumbent Very Rev. James F. Maguire sign­ and does accommodate the individual, as first one and then another of the univer­ ing himsel'f S. J . [Society of Jesus], Loyola exposing him to all aspects of life. sity's campuses was established. There are university is both Catholic and catholic-­ The basic goal of this university was five campuses in the Chicago area and one a servant of a particular church and a serv­ best summed up by Pope Pius XI when in Rome. Loyola has grown to become the ant of the entire metropolis. "This valuable .he said: largest Jesuit university in the United States. college," as we called Loyola in 1874, can en- 27564 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 ter its second century with pride in its steal studies, and a new department of never forget the outstanding character achievements since its first 37 students as­ anthropology. and the great image you have projected sembled a hundred years ago. A little college Loyola's new medical and dental center to young and old people alike. You have has become a university big in size and adjacent to Hines Veterans hospital in May­ service. wood, to be in full operation by 1970, will been an extraordinary counselor and be a third major site for Loyola, In addition have provided inspiration to hundreds of [From the Chicago Tribune, Nov. 21, 1968] to its campuses in Rogers Park and on the thousands of people, and, in particular, CENTENNIAL FETE READIED BY LOYOLA UNI­ near north side at Lewis Towers. Candidates the present Congressman for the First VERSITY-CELEBRATXON SET THROUGH 1969- for the priesthood study a.t yet other cam­ District of California. 70 ScHOOL YEAR puses, in North Aurora and Niles. Mr. Speaker, I am taking the liberty Loyola university wlll mark it.s centennial "Knowledge in the Service of Man," the of inserting in the RECORD today, an ac­ year with a celebration to run thruout the theme of Loyola's centennial, expresses the count of the "longest game" which I be­ 1969-70 school year. devotion of this Jesuit institution to service lieve will be of historic interest to my Centennial plans were announced yester­ not only of a Catholic constituency but of society at large. colleagues and to those who read the day by the Very Rev. James F. Maguire, RECORD regularly. I am also including Loyola president, at a press conference in Mayor Daley's office. Also present was Chief the messages from President Nixon and Judge William J. Campbell of federal District Commissioner Kuhn. court, chairman of the school's centennial "JOE OESCHGERr-ENDURANCE WAS At 78, Joe Oeschger is a hearty giant committee. HIS SPECIALTY" of a man-a man to match the giant Daley expressed confidence that Loyola's Redwoods of Humboldt County where second hundred years would be "as great as he makes his home. His has been a life­ her first century of leadership," adding that HON. DON H. CLAUSEN time of service to people; especially Chicago ls "grateful to this university whose OF CALIFORNIA sons and daughters have contributed so young people with problems whom Joe much to the progress of this city, the state IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has been helping ever since he left the of Illinois, and the nation." Wednesday, August 5, 1970 major leagues, as he distinguished him­ Father Maguire cited the university's self in a second career-that of coach­ founder and first president, the Rev. Arnold Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, ing and education. J. Darnen, for showing "remarkable foresight this year marks the 50th anniversary of I am truly proud to be representing when he chose Chicago as the center for the longest baseball game ever played in Joe Oeschger in the Congress of the higher learning. Time has proved how wise major league history and this past week­ he was in his choice." United States. end the gentleman from North Carolina; The messages and account follows: "The centennial year Will be a time of Mr. WILMER "VINEGAR BEND" MIZELL, and commemoration and reflections," said Judge I had the distinct honor and privilege Mr. JOSEPH 0ESCHGER, Campbell, "a time to determine how we can In care of best continue to serve young minds as we of paying tribute to the only surviving Congressman DON CLAUSEN, enter the second century." pitcher of that historic, recordingsetting Townhouse, Eureka., Calif. Theme of the centennial will be "Knowl­ game. Warmest greetings and congratulations on edge In the- Service of Man," said Father Mr. Joseph Oeschger, a very close, life­ the 5oth anniversary of your record pitching Maguire. long friend and constituent of mine performance for the old Boston Braves, in an The theme will be carried out thru five from our hometown of Ferndale, Calif., age when sports records are broken almost symposiums beginning next September. holds the distinction and the world rec­ every day, it is not often that we have an Titles are "Man in the Urban Complex," "The ord of having pitched 26 innings in one opportunity to honor someone whose ath­ Brain and Human Behavior," "Current Evo­ letic achievements have endured for half a lution of Man's Sense of Values," "Freedom afternoon-a game he did not even know century. As a baseball enthusiast and as one and the Human Sciences," and "Higher Edu­ in advance that he would be pitching. who has enjoyed the experience of meeting cation-Unity or Diversity." Joe was a starting pitcher for the Boston you, I am pleased to join your many friends Loyola opened on September 5, 1870 at Braves and the "longest game" was and fans in this tribute. Best wishes for a 12th and May streets in a building which played between the Braves and the pleasant evening and for a happy 79th birth­ later became St. Ignatius High School. The Brooklyn Dodgers in Boston on May 1, day next May. university moved to its main lake shore 1920. Both Joe and Dodgers' pitcher Leon PRESIDENT RICHARD M. NIXON. campus by 1920. Mr. 0ESCHGER, Cadore, now deceased, went the entire In care of LOYOLAS CENTENNIAL distance. Congressman DON CLAUSEN, This past Friday evening, many of Joe That Loyola University of Chicago will ob­ Townhouse, Eureka, Calif.: serve its lOoth anniversary during the com­ Oeschger's friends, admirers, and fellow I am pleased to join your host of friends ing academic year was announced at a press athletes met in Eureka, Calif., to re­ and admirers to pay tribute to you tonight in conference yesterday by Mayor Daley, the count that historic game and pay our re­ recognition of your superlative, iron-man pitching feat of 50 years' standing, a record Very Rev. James F. Maguire, president of spects to Joe. It was truly a memorable Loyola, and Judge William J. Campbell, that has Withstood the test of time and on­ evening with congratulatory messages slaught of numerous pitching greats. chairman of Loyola's centennial anniversary from America's No. 1 fan, President Nix­ comml!ttee. BOWIE KUHN, on, Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn, Commissioner of Baseball. Loyola University opened its doors Sept. 5, Senator GEORGE MURPHY, Sporting News, 1870, but, of course both that even·t and the observance of its centennial require ex­ and many other sports and baseball [From the Sporting News, May 16, 1970) tensive advance planning. Yesterday's press "greats". 50 YEARS AGO--LoNGEST GAME EVER conference was but the public first step in At 0. H. Bass' Townhouse, over 250 IN MAJORS a parade of events extending through the people including most of Humboldt Coun­ (By Jack McDonald) spring of 1970. ty's greatest names of yesteryear in the CHAPALA, Mexico.-This year marks the Thus today we have ocoasion to say what sports field were present to pay their 50th anniversary C1f the longest game played bears saying any day: that any city counts tribute to Joe and his very lovely and in the majors. its institutions of higher learning among its vivacious wife, Nancy. Joe was obviously On an overcast afternoon in old Braves most important blessings, and specifically Field, Boston, May 1, 1920, the Brooklyn that Chicago rejoices in looking back on a moved by the experience. His wife, Nan­ Dodgers and Boston Braves battled 26 in­ century of service by Loyola and ahead to cy, told me after the dinner: nings to no decision. more than a century of further significant Don, Joe has received many honors and a This memorable contest developed into a service. great deal of recognition throughout his ca­ mound duel pitting Joe Oeschger against the Especially notable at Loyola are its dental reer, but this program, tonight, was the late Leon Cad.ore. Both went the entire dis­ school (the oldest in the state, and the train­ crowning event of all. stance. After they had come within an in­ ing ground of more than half of Chicago­ ning of pitching three regulation-length area dentists); its school of social work (the And Joe Oeschger said: games in a single afternoon, umpire Harry first such school in an American Catholic It is very gratifying to know that people McCormick called it on account of darkness. university); its guidance center (one of the still recognize and appreciate your efforts The score was 1-1. On the heels of the few accepting autistic children as outpa­ for an event that took place 50 years ago. epic battle, an enterprising New York hab­ tients); its institute of industrial relations, erdashery firm put out a necktie which It and its schools of medicine and nursing. Its Yes, Joe, we will always remember the advertised as "the longest tie in history." It creativity is by no means spent. In recent event because, as "VINEGAR BEND" MIZELL had the inning score and the batteries years Loyola has established a liberal arts said, "This is a record no one will ever stamped on it. The tie sold like hotcakes center in Rome, a doctoral program in clas- break." But, more importantly we will urutil the novelity w0re off. August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27565 Fifty years later, Oeschger still gets letters into a lot of jams," he said. "They are wha.t which he fired with full speed, especially in from fans from all over the country asking wear a pitcher out. There weren't too many the final innings when it was getting dark. for his autograph and sometimes for his per­ tight situations in this long game. "I think the most critical inning for me sonal reminiscences of the game. A good­ "Pitchers didn't work so much on hit­ was the 17th," Joe went on. "The Dodgers natured guy, Joe has big stacks o! box scores ters in those days. I mean they didn't go for filled the bases with only one out, but a great O! the contest mimeographed and he signs strikeout records. The hitters guarded the play by Hank Gowdy saved my neck. Elliott each copy, but the supply of these sheets plate more. I had a live fast ball and in this grounded sharply to me. I threw to the plate, always runs out. game I threw very few curves. And I rarely forcing Wheat, but Gowdy's throw to first RECORDS, MORE RECORDS threw more than half a dozen warm.up to complete the double play was wide. Wally pitches. After about the 12th inning, I only Holke lost the ball momentarily and big Not only was this 1920 game a record for took a couple." Konetchy tore for home, but Holke recovered length of innings, but it created records Joe hadn't known he was going to pitch the ball and fired it back to Gowdy at home within records. One of these was Oeschger's th.at day. Stallings often kept his starting plate. Hank took the throw at full reach having held his opponents scoreless through pitcher a secret until time for batting prac­ flung himself bodily across the baseline and the final 21 innings. In the seventh, he re­ tice. tagged Konetchy out as he came barreling tired the side on three pitched balls, a great in. This brought the small crowd to its feet saving of strain on his arm. Earlier in the "It rained moot of the morning," Joe re­ called, "and we didn't think there was much with a cheer that could be heard to the season, he had struck out the side on nine Charles River. pitches. chance of the game being played. But there was a standing rule that we must report to "I was beginning to feel a little tired by the Oeschger had come to the Braves from the the clubhouse, even if it was pouring. Leslie 18th, but the players on our bench, particu­ Giants, who had traded him and Casey Sten­ Mann, my roomate, and I had a leisurely larly Maranville and Gowdy, kept buoying up gel for pitcher Art Nehf. Joe was a big, breakfast in the old Brunswick Hotel of Bos­ my spirits by telling me, 'Just one more in­ strapping righthander over six feet tall and ton's Back Bay section and then headed for ning, Joe, and we'll get a run for you.' Stall­ weighing over 200 pounds. He was 28, and Braves Field about noon. Our trainer, Jimmy ings never did ask me if I wanted to come out, had been pitching in the majors for seven Neery, gave me a rubdown. but if he had, my answer would have been years and was right in his prime when he "This game was played on a Saturday. an emphatic no." pitched this game. Since I went to church every Sunday, Man­ Ball parks weren't lighted in those days and He is still a giant of a man, hale and hearty ager Stallings, very superstitious and a play­ it was getting dark. After consulting the two at 78, his i:>road shoulders stm straight as er of hunches, liked to pitch me on the Sab­ managers, umpire McCormick called the a die. He now spends most of bJ1s time fishing bath, figuring the good Lord would be on our game. and hunting around his home at Ferndale, side. But when he posted the lineup in the HITTERS WERE GRIPING Calif., north of San Francisco. dugout, I was the starting pitcher. I was "It was the hitters who were squawking His German parents were early settlers in glad to get the assignment because in a pre­ to end it," Joe said. "I certainly didn't want California. His mother, Marie, celebrated her vious start against Brooklyn I had lost, 1-0, it to stop and I don't think Cadore did." lOOth birthday last March 29 at Livermore, in 11 innings, and I was eager to even things The game, which had started at 3 p.m., near San Francisco. Joe's younger brother, up, particularly since Cadore had been my was called at 6: 50--an elapsed time of 3 George, 68, once pitched for the Pirates. He pitching rival in that one and was to be my hours and 50 minutes for 26 innings. The was the fire chief in Weed, Oalif., until his opponent again. liOngest game in modern times was the mem­ retirement. STALLINGS IN CHARGE orable 23-inning battle in 1964 at Shea Joe was a recent visitor to Mexico, where Stadium between the San Francisco Giants he helped his wife, Nancy, do research on "Stallings was great on holding skull ses­ and the Mets. This one consumed seven a book she is writing. A graduate of the Uni­ sions and to this day I can remember our hours and 23 minutes. The rival managers, versity of Madrid, Nancy authored a previous clubhouse meeting that day. The manager Casey Stengel and Alvin Dark, used a com­ one called "Mothers of the Spanish Con­ went over the Dodger lineup and batting bined total of 41 athletes as against only 22 quistadores," published in Spa.in and widely order. It went something like this: for the longer 1920 game. Stengel and Dark circulated throughout Mexico. It was while " 'Ivy Olson, second base--strlctly a pull also used 10 pitchers while both Oeschger and visiting the writer's home on the shores hitter, Bernie Neis, right field-Good fast­ Cadore started and finished. of Lake Chapa.la that Joe took time out to ball hitter and base-stealer. Jimmy Johnston, Oeschger has a deep respect for Stallings, recall some of his impressions and reactions third base--Fast-ball hitter with dangerous who in 1914 had brought his "Miracle Braves" of the 26-lnning game. base-stealing instincts. Zack Wheat, left from last place on July 10 to win the N. L. First off, he has been asked perhaps 10 field-Exceptionally good hitter with a tend­ pennant by 13 games, then crushed the "in­ thousand times in the last 50 years if his ency to pull ball to right field. H1 Myers, cen­ vincible" Philadelphia Athletics of Connie long pitching stint didn't damage his arm. ter field-Fast and a good bunter. Wally Mack in the World Serles. SOME GREAT WRITERS Hood, center field-Strictly a left-field hitter. "I admired him for his leadership," Joe Ed Konetchy, first base-Hits to all fields, "People started putting that question to said. "His intense desire to win inspired his slow runner. Chuck Ward, shortstop--No players. He was very superstitious. Bats had me the very next day,'' the affable Joe said. long-ball threat, but hits to all fields. Ernie "Boston had some wonderful baseball writ­ to be placed in exact order and kept that way, Krueger, catcher-Good pull hitter; always especially during a rally. The drinking cup ers in those days-Bill Cunningham, Nick play third baseman and shortstop toward Flatley, Burt Whitman. They were an erudite had to hang just so on the water cooler the line. Rowdy Elliott, second-string caitch­ spigot. He hated pigeons. Rival players used group and I used to enjoy reading the er-Good fast-ball hitter.• " Shakespearean vernacular they put into to torment him by scattering peanuts in The crowd this day was small because of front of our dugout and Stallings used to their baseball reporting. They all predioted the threat of more rain. The Dodgers went I'd never pitch again. They said my arm wear our arms out having us throw pebbles into the lead in the fifth inning. at the pigeons to chase them away. wouldn't be worth a plugged nickel after the "I was to blame for letting the run score," long strain I had just put on it." Joe said. "I started the inning off badly by A SHARP DRESSER But Oeschger did pitch again, eight days pitching too carefully to Krueger, a good "He seldom wore his uniform in the dugout later, and he won. pull-hitter. I walked him. Cadore then fol­ and was always impeccably dressed in street "I missed a turn, yes," he said. "I would lowed with a sharp bounder to the mound. clothes. He was a real southern gentleman, have been ready to work in rotation, but the In my anxiety to get the double play, I jug­ a native of Haddock, Ga., near Macon. He next day I pulled a leg muscle running gled the ball long enough to let Krueger was educated at VMI and Johns Hopkins and around the park and Manager George Stal­ reach second and had to content myself with had intentions once of becoming a doctor. I lings let me skip a turn. But my arm was throwing out Cadore at first base. Then, think his father was a general in the Con­ okay." after getting two strikes on Ivy Olson, he got federate Army." And it ls a matter of record that the fol­ a broken-bat single just over the head of Oeschger was a graduate in engineering of lowing year, 1921, he had his best season, our shortstop, Rabbit Maranville. It scored St. Mary's College when it was located in winning 20 games. He pitched five more years, Krueger. Oakland. He went right from the campus to retiring of his own volition because he "We evened the score in the next inning, the Phillies. After retiring from Organized wanted to teach school. the sixth, when (Wally) Cruise hit a terrific Ball, he got a degree in education at Stan­ Nobody kept count of the number of line-drive triple against the scoreboard in ford University. For 27 years he taught physi­ pitches he threw in the long contest, but left field and scored on (Tony) Boeckel's cal education at Portola. Junior High School Joe doesn't believe it was more than 250, single." in Butchertown, one of the poorer sections in what was tantamount to three regulation NO MORE SCORING of San Francisco, where Lefty O'Doul was games in one afternoon. Only nine of these born and raised. pitches became Dodger hits. Cadore, his op­ There was to be no more scoring through­ "I turned to physical education because I ponent, gave up 15 hits, but Joe insists that out the long contest. The Braves had a chance thought my baseball background was too pitching honors were about a standoff. to win in the ninth when they filled the bases valuable to throw away," Joe explained. "I with only one out, but Charley Pick hit into liked working with kids. My compensation JUST A LITTLE WEARY a double play, sending the game into extra was that I might have helped, in a small way, "I don't say I wasn't a little tired after innings. From here on it developed into an to straighten some of these boys out. When those 26 innings, but I have been more fa­ enduran ce contest, Cadore with his good I see the success many of them· made, I feel tigued in some nine-inning games, when I got curve ball vs. Oeschger with his fast one, more than repaid.'' 27566 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970

THE ALL-TIME MARATHON many friends with kind words and kisses. Doris nearly cried. "I do thank you all," she said slowly in AB. H. PO. Braves AB. R. H. PO. A. E. Dodgers R. A. E. response to all the warm sentiments. "I'm supposed to be able to deal with words. But Ivy Olson, 2b ______10 0 1 5 8 1 Ray Powell, cf______7 0 1 8 0 0 words fail me. Words can't express how I feel. Bernie Neis, rL ______10 0 1 9 0 0 Charley Pick, 2b ______11 0 0 6 11 2 You make me ask 'Why oh why did I ever Jimmy Johnston, 3b .• 10 0 2 3 1 0 Leslie Mann, IL _____ 10 0 2 6 0 0 Zach Wheat, IL_ ____ 9 0 2 3 0 0 Walton Cruise, rf_ ____ 9 1 1 4 0 0 plan to leave Wyoming?' I will be back. Hi Myers, cf. ______2 0 1 2 0 0 Walter Holke, lb __ ___ 10 0 2 42 1 0 Thank you from the bottom of my heart." Wally Hood, cf. ______6 0 l 9 l 0 0 11 0 3 l 7 0 Slowed down by three strokes in the past Ed Konetchy, lb _____ 9 0 l 30 0 0 ~~bbi~ ~~~:~·v~lk ss= 10 0 3 1 9 0 Chuck Ward , ss ______10 0 0 5 3 1 Mickey O'Neil, c _____ 2 0 0 4 1 0 two years-her husband died in 1965-Mrs. Ernie Krueger, c _____ 2 1 0 4 3 0 a-Lloyd Christenbury_ 1 0 1 0 0 0 Garst is giving up the home the couple built Rowdy Elliott, c ______7 0 0 7 3 0 Hank Gowdy, c ______6 0 1 6 1 0 a half century ago, where her children grew Leon Cadore, P------10 0 0 1 12 0 Joe Oeschger, P------9 0 1 0 11 0 up, where her 45 books were born. At the Totals ______85 78 31 Totals ______------86 15 78 41 2 urging of her sons and daughter, she will accept the easier life of a Denver condo­ minium. But she's far from retiring. She still has to write. Just completed is Great Indian Tribes and their Chiefs which with her previous book, a-Singled for O'Neil in ninth. Runs batted in-Olson, Boeckel. Two-base hits-Maranville, Oeschger. Three-base hit-Cruise, Pontiac, Stolen bases-Myers, Hood, Sacrifices- Hood, Oeschger, Powell, O'Neil, Holke, Cruise. Double plays-Olson and ~one~chy; Oeschger. are pending publication. Holke and Gowdy. Bases on balls-Off Cadore 5, off Oeschger 4. Struck out-By Cadore 7, by Oeschger 7. Wild p1tch-Oeschger, "My next project iS a biography of Ben Left on bases-Dodgers 11, Braves 16. Umpires-Bill McCormick and Eugene Hart. Time of game-3 hours, 50 minutes. Official Holladay, the stage coach operator," she says. scorer-Paul Shannon. "Then I want to do one I'll call Stage Coach Days. You see one book leads to another. And I want to do a biography of Chief Wash­ DORIS GARST OF DOUGLAS, WYO., was her early experience of being a temporary akie. Those will keep me busy for three years. THE STORYTELLER NAMED SHAN­ teacher and principal for four years after I want to do more books on trappers." NON high school. Whatever it was, she wanted to Mrs. Garst's formula--simple yet exciting communicate with school-age children. stories about characters of the West--filled Adventurous men of the pioneer West-­ a void in children's libraries. Her early books HON. JOHN WOLD the men who made American history-fasci­ on Buffalo Bill, Kit carson, General Custer, nated her. She figured that if she could OF WYOMING Sitting Bull, James Bowie, Crazy Horse and write what she herself would like to read, Chief Joseph, among others, continue to sell IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES youngsters would like it, too. So as a first and to produce royalties. Wednesday, August 5, 1970 project she researched the life of Wyoming's For example: The book on Kit Carson most famous resident, Buffalo Bill. brought her $470 the first year, 1942. Royal­ Mr. WOLD. Mr. Speaker, much of the A case of scarlet fever launched The Story ties have continued each year since then, writing being done today is pessimistic, of Buffalo Bill and an amazing literary career. hitting a high of $1,515 in 1966. Buffalo Bill heartless, without theme or plot, and In the spring of 1937, 12-year-old Barbara has fluctuated, going over $1,000 in four lacking in warmth. Garst was just completing elementary school years and then dropping to $319 in 1968. when she became ill. Father Garst took the A short novel, Cowboy Boots, in 1946 (only Therefore, it is particularly delightful two boys and checked into a downtown hotel. nine of her books are fiction) proved her to make the acquaintance of an author Health authorities quarantined the girl and best seller, going over $1,000 in six years and that brings both enjoyment and knowl­ her mother for 30 days in the home. hitting $3,086 in 1947. A modern-day hero­ edge to the reader. Between nursing and sleeping, Mrs. Garst ine's biography, Amelia Earhart, brought the Such a writer is a woman from Doug­ found time to type her first book manu­ top single-year royalty, $8,254 in 1966 (com­ las, Wyo. Since 1937 when she began script. Buffalo Bill sold to the first pub­ pared to only $664 in 1947 when published). lisher she approached, Bobbs-Merrili Co. The "The secret is that children keep coming writing, Mrs. Doris Garst, has completed publisher, however, had one slight misgiving. up," she says. "And they seem to like my 45 historical novels and is looking for­ The byline, Doris Garst, was sort of, you books year after year." ward to finishing No. 46. Adult readers might say, ungentlemanly. Who would buy The Denver Public Library lists 35 Garst as well as children take pleasure in read­ a rugged Buffalo Bill story by a Doris? titles-and more than 350 volumes. While ing these historical novels. Mrs. Garst accepted the inevitable grace­ most of the books are in the juvenile section, The July 26, 1970, issue of Empire fully and set about finding a male pen name. 11 titles are carried in adult history, biog­ magazine, had an excellent article by Her stepfather, Wesley Shannon, provided the raphy and fiction. A library spokesman said solution. In 1938 the book world welcomed all the Garst books are popular and re-orders Zeke Scher, entitled "The Storyteller a new Wyoming author, Shannon Garst. are frequent. Named Shannon." It accounts the fasci­ There were no pictures or announcements The Junior Nook of the Converse County nating story of Mrs. Garst. I insert the that Shannon was a woman, but Doris didn't Library in Douglas was named the Shannon article in the RECORD at this point: hide the fact either. Everybody knew Shan­ Garst Room in 1968 and it displays many THE STORYTELLER NAMED SHANNON non was a she, at least in Douglas. of its 200 Garst volumes on shelves there. With a minimum of fanfare Mrs. Garst "The kids read them constantly," says Li­ (By Zeke Scher) began an incredible production of Western brarian MU ton Lefler. When attorney Joe Garst saw one of his historical novels_ and biographies, turning Much of the pleasure in catering to the young sons walk into a pool hall across the out an average of two a year into the young generations comes from the steady street from his Douglas, Wyo., law office to 1960s, all aimed at t he 10-to-15-year-old age flow of fan letters, usually forwarded to peddle The Denver Post, he blew his stack­ group. She has just completed No. 45. Douglas by the publishers. And predictably at his wife. That evening at home, Garst Last month, on a bright sunny day at most of the letters come addressed to Mr. unleashed his displeasure. the Community Club south of Douglas, Shannon Garst. " If you didn't waste so much time writing, friends and dignitaries assembled for a testi­ Harper & Row forwarded one last Decem­ the children wouldn't be in pool halls," G arst monial luncheon to honor 76-year-old Doris ber from Brian McGimsey of Fayetteville, told his wife. Garst. "Her books have enriched the lives Ark. It said: Mrs. Dorothea (Doris) Garst never talked of readers of all ages, not only in Wyoming "Dear Mr. Shannon: I have read many back to her husband-she says--especially but throughout the world," it said on a of your books and I thought they were well when he criticized her for writing too much. plaque she received. In a way it was a sad put and written. Give my thanks to Mr. Jack But to promote domestic tranquility she farewell party. After 54 years in Douglas, Merryweather for his illustrations. Tell him decided to restrict her writing to hours when Mrs. Garst in August will move to Denver I said so for me. Now back to you. I hope the children were in school and hubby was for her health. you write some more books because I'll be at the office. Many friends spoke. Mrs. Estelle Stacy, only right here in Fayetteville, Arkansas, ready She never considered eliminating her writ­ woman in the United States who runs a to read it when you publish it." ing because that was something she had contract drilling company and Wyoming's Hastings House sent a pencilled letter from to do. GOP national committeewoman, described Stephen Avner of Ft. Ord, Calif.: In the mid-1930s Doris Garst had three Doris as "a nationally known author, a good "Dear Miss Shannon Garst: I read your teen-agers-Warren, Joseph II and Barbara­ friend and a good neighbor who has attained book A Horse and a Hero. It is a real good to take care of, plus a three-level home at great distinction. good book. I don't own a horse but I love to the corner of 5th and Cedar Sts. in Douglas. Everett Copenhaver, 72, Wyoming state ride them. I don't ride horses very much. My She also had an insatiable desire to tell auditor and a Douglas rancher for 25 years, family and I and some relatives went to the stories to young people. Perhaps this desire drove up from Cheyenne to represent the Grand Tetons last year and we rode horses stemmed from her failure to get to college governor in honoring Mrs. Garst. There were for two hours. It was fun and just beauti­ and become a licensed teacher. Perhaps it the mayor, chamber of commerce officials, ful. If you haven't been up there try and go August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27567

some day. My family and I will be going to "I've done most of my research right here THE REAL STORY ON MINORITY APPOINTMENTS Athens, Greece, next June.'' in our own county library, which is excep­ UNDER NIXON A Northglenn, Colo., girl avoided the gender tional for Western Americana," she says. "I'd President Nixon's flunkies for a year and a problem in a letter last January forwarded visit about the country when I could and my half now have tried to create an impression by E. M. Hale & Co.: husband would go along on some trips, like of progress where none in fact exists. They "Dear Shannon Garst: I am reading your to Annie Oakley's old stomping grounds in have tr.led to crea.te for the consumption of book called Crazy Horse. I enjoy the book Ohio." the American public an idea that President very much. I like the way the pictures are Annie Oakley and Amelia Earhart are the Nixon has outperformed his predecessors in drawn. They make the book more interest­ only women subjects among Mrs. Gars·t's 45 the appoiDJtment of blacks to significant ing to read and look at. books. "Women didn't live such adventurous positions 1n the executive branch of the fed­ "Sincerely yours, Patricia Alvarez, 1241 E. lives in the old days," she says. "It's much eral government. 105th Place." more exciting for women now." There are two very fundamental things Greg Boyd, 11, of Trenton, Mich., read Thomas Wolfe is her favorite author, "prob­ wrong with the approach taken by Nixon Red Eagle and wrote: "I like your stories a ably because his books are autobiographical and his minions. lot. I'm going to read a lot of your books. and I love to read biographies of writers." The first, and most imports.rut, is that com­ I hope you will send a picture of you. I have Among Western characters she prefers Jim parisons are not the way to improve the one brother and two sisters." Bridger and Chief Washakie. basic positions of blacks in this nation. Greg probably was surprised by the picture "Bridger didn't give up so quickly when Nixon or any other American president he got. His letter had been addressed to Mr. fur trading died," she says. "He stayed on set should strive to fill the gap that has been Garst. The Douglas lady says that she has up a trading post and lived among the In­ created by years of exolusion. It is clear evi­ never been told that someone was disap­ dians. He was a good friend of Chief Wash­ dence of a lack of good intentions to con­ pointed to learn she is female. akie who was a great and wise Indian and a tinually make comparisons to past adminis­ "I always tell them I'm a woman when I true friend of the White man." trations when talking about what one is answer their letters and I hope they're not A distinctive feature of Mrs. Garst's books doing today. too upset," she says. "I really don't think is an abundance of colorful dialogue among It, of course, is also true that President the name Doris would have sold as much as the leading characters despite the paucity of Kennedy and, after him, President Johnson, Shannon. Man still prevails in our soicety­ tape recorders and reporters among the made the significant breakthroughs that but we're slowly winning." frontiersmen and Indians of the 1800s. This caused any new hiring to be "easier" than Mrs. Garst feels the wildly independent resulted in a termination of relations with it was in the past. Once the breakthrough streak she found in the Western pioneers is one publisher, Harcourt, Brace & Co., when is made, then the erroneous myths that out of place in modern woman. "I think it invoked a ban on direct quotations of stick in some white minds about "finding women have overdone it in their pitch for imaginary conversations. qualified ones" automaitically disappear. equality," she says. "I don't think a woman "I can't write a textbook," Mrs. Garst The second reason the Nixon people should will ever be President, but they will do quite says. "I have to make the characters realistic. quit saying they have out-performed John­ well at other political offices." In researching history you can get so close son and Kennedy is that they are lying. Doris Garst was born July 24, 1894, at to a character that you know what he was Let me list now the categories of jobs Ironwood in northern Michigan. Her Ger­ thinking and what he said. Where the Nixon administr.aition has not made man-born father, Julius Jensen, was a book­ "You think about the subject all the time any appointments: keeper. Her mother was an Austrian with the when you're writing. In fact. I do some of To th.is date President Nixon has failed to colorful name of Zinta Anna Von Diltz. my best 'writing' after I go to bed. In the initiate any new and significant high-level They moved to Denver in 1898 "because morning I remember the 'conversations' and policy positions for blacks. President John­ Michigan was so cold." write them down." son named the first black to the cabinet, a The father became manager of several It will come as a shock to Shannon Garst housing expert, Robert Weaver. Thurgood gold mines in Colorado. When Doris was 17, fans that the author of those rough-and­ Marshall was the first black named to the the Jensens were divorced (her father was tumble tales of the Wild West has never shot Supreme Court. Andrew S. Brimmer was the killed in a 1924 Central City mining acci­ a gun. And as for riding the range: "I've been first black named to the Federal Reserve dent). In Dor.is' third year at Denver's East on a horse three times and every time the Board, which, in the field of economics, is High School, her mother married Wesley horse ran away with me. I think they sensed equivalent to the Supreme Court. Shannon, a fruit rancher, and they moved to I was scared to death. So I decided to write I had the honor of being the first black Hood River, Ore. about them. That's safer!" named to head .an independent commission, At 18 she was graduated from high school the Equal Employment Opportunity Com­ in Oregon and obtained a temporary teach­ mission. ing certificate good for four years. The first President Nixon has not nominated blacks year was in a country school for grades 1 to NIXON CHALLENGED ON BLACK to the cabinet level. To hear him talk, you 4. The next year she had 31 pupils and all APPOINTMENTS would think that he was the innovator, but eight grades. "That's when gray hairs in fact he has not even come near keeping started," she says. up with the record of his two Democratic At 20 she became principal and teacher of HON. DON EDWARDS predecessors-both of whom felt that more grades 5 to 8 in Estacada, a farming village needed to be done than they accomplished. in central Oregon. When her teaching cer­ OF CALIFORNIA In the area of judicial appointments, Pres­ tificate expired, she was out of a job. Finances IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ident Johnson in one day appointed four had prevented her from attending college to Wednesday, August 5, 1970 black judges. To date, in his 18 months in qualify for a regular certificate. · office, President Nixon has not even ap­ She went to Portland, Ore., and got a clerk­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. pointed four black federal judges through­ ing job at Gill's Book Store. After five months Speaker, the problem of Government out the United States. there, she passed a civil service exam and credibility takes on special significance More important, in an area where innova­ adventurously accepted an appointment as for black Americans. To a substantial tion would be helpful, President Nixon has clerk at the U.S. Land Office in Douglas, Wyo. not appointed a black judge in the South. Within a year she won a proposal from a extent we have yet to gain the faith of Never in the history of this nation, where dashing young Douglas lawyer named Jo­ this segment of our Nation. Black Amer­ more than half the black population lives, seph Garst and on Sept. 1, 1917, they went icans are justifiably disillusioned that has a black sat on the federal bench. If to Hood River to be married. She continued they have-up to the present-received a President Nixon were honestly interested in in the land office for another year before de­ series of public relations maneuvers mas­ giving equal opportunity to blacks, he could voting full time to housewifely chores in the querading as positive, concrete change. do so tomorrow by placing a black on any house the couple built. On August 1, Clifford L. Alexander, federal bench in the south. Joseph II was born Feb. 8, 1920, and he's A year ago President Nixon virtually now a petroleum engineer in New York. War­ former Chairman of the Equal Employ­ promised during a meeting with black pub­ ren arrived Sept. 21, 1922. He's director of ment Opportunity Commission, issued a lishers that he would appoint a black to the wildlife photography for NBC-TV's Wild statement countering claims by Nixon Federal Communications Commission. Here Kingdom program and recently won an Em­ ad.ministration spokesmen that more many decisions are made that affect Amer­ my award. Mrs. Charles (Barbara) Spurlock blacks have been appointed to significant ica's picture of minority aspirations, but the was born May 29, 1924, and is a Lander, positions by this administration than by President reneged in his promise to the Wyo., housewife. Kennedy or Johnson. In his concise and publishers and appointed Dean Burch to the Doris' urge to write surfaced as the chil­ well-documented statement, Mr. Alex­ then-vacant FCC chairmanship. Several oi dren got into school and permitted her time the publishers and other black leaders wrote to attempt some short stories, selling a few ander shows such claims to be simply un­ to the President when a new vacancy be­ "for not very much." She promoted her own true. I would like to set the record came open this year. Again, there were education by taking summer courses in Eng­ .straight, so to speak, by including Mr. indications the President would appoint a lish and writing at the University of Colo­ Alexander's statement in today's CON­ black to the Federal Communications Com­ rado. GRESSIONAL RECORD: mission. Unfortunately, as is typical of this 27568 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 President and his spokesmen, the deeds do on the nation's manpower crisis in health the Regional. Medical Programs which al­ not equal the words. Instead, the President and the general state of the health budget lots training fellowships for persons who wish appointed a lawyer from HUD, Sherman on Wednesday, July 8, 1970. to specialize in the treatment of cancer. Unger, to fill the vacancy of Kenneth Cox. As you know, I have been involved in We had twice as many applications as we The regulatory commissions have not seen cancer research and in medical education could support this year for that kind of any blacks appointed under Mr. Nixon. He for some twenty yea.rs, and now as the direc­ training, and I am sure that we would have had an opportunity to make a black Re­ tor of the Michigan Cancer Foundation, I had even more qualified applicants if there publican, Howard Jenkins, head of the NLRB, find myself involved in public health activi­ had not been such a state of discouragement but, no, though Mr. Jenkins has a distin­ ties of a very wide scope. throughout the academic and research field guished career as a labor expert, as a com­ There is no question that we shall fall to in cancer about the level of support that missioner, and as a Republican, a white was achieve resolution of the problems of rising one can look forward to, and therefore the chosen instead. What Mr. Nixon and his costs and inadequate medical services in wisdom and worthwhileness of going to the crowd have done is to create an impression this country without very substantial in­ difficulty of submitting applications and of progress where none exists. creases in available medical manpower. Our encouraging candidates towards this work. In fact, there has been retrogression in the society and our economy will certainly even­ We a.re anxious at the present time to field of minorit y appointments. The total tually be seeing that only by increasing the apply to all of the poor in the metropoli­ number of appointments to significant posi­ rewards for the nursing and allied health tan Detroit area the benefits of the Papa­ tions in the Johnson years is considerably professions will we be able to draw large nicolaou smear for the early detection of higher than the 150-odd that the Nixon ad­ numbers of young people towards them. So cervical cancer. There ls no funding to help ministration claims for its period in office. far as t!:::e medical profession itself is con­ us to do this, and there is no funding avail­ What is worse is that, of the 150 that Nixon cerned, there never has been a lack of ap­ able to help us to train more of the cyto­ claims, 24 are Foreign Service officers who plicants, and of qualified applicants. The technicians we need in order to make this take a competitive examination and are sup­ attraction of this profession exceeds the very useful procedure widely available. posedly protected from political influence opportunities for monetary rewards which it We have recently identified the presence or patronage claims. Of the 150 he claims, provides. Men have been willing to make sub­ of a virus in human milk in young wom­ almost half are holdovers from the Johnson stantial sacrifices on their own pa.rt and for en which is identical in form and general administrat ion. Of the 150 he claims, some their children to make entry into this pro­ character to viruses responsible for breast a.re non-professionals, or secretaries, by any­ fession possible. It ls, therefore, a great trag­ cancer in animals. To pursue this work prop­ one's definition, not policy-making positions. edy that we have never been able in this erly requires the building now of a virus To date, Mr. Nixon has appointed no black country to develop the training facilities re­ isolation facility in which we can wit h some to the cabinet; none to the Federal quired to match the high level of willing­ safety raise large quantities of this virus Reserve Board; none to the Supreme Court; ness to undergo the prolonged and demand­ from human milk. The development of a a total of only three to all federal courts safe and competent facility for this work throughout the entire United States and ing training as so many young men and women are willing to undertake. As we look would take an expenditure of some $450,000. none to a regulatory commission. He has Through the generosity of the people of appointed fewer black assistant secretaries at the projected health manpower needs of the country, we see that we are many thous­ metropolitan Detroit, we shall be able in than Johnson and Kennedy. He has ap­ the early part of next year, hopefully, to pointed no black undersecretaries in any de­ ands short of those whom we should be grad­ uating, roughly 50,000 short in the present undertake construction of an additional partment of the federal government. He has laboratory for the Michigan Cancer Foun­ failed to place any black in a significant year, and even with the most optimistic pro­ jections, we shall continue to be somewhere dation that will help in some degr ee in the position in the White House. exploitation of the fine leads that we have Yes, Mr. Nixon, we are taking you at your in the order of 25,000 short ten years from now in the number of young people we now on the control of breast cancer. This word. We are watching your deeds, not your $4,000,000 project is going to have to be words. Your deeds are clear. They do not should be graduating in medicine. Numerous consequences have flown from this, includ­ supported entirely by local funds and it include the hiring of blacks in significant is a tragedy that a community with the positions in the federal government. ing pa.rasitization by American society of poorer and less capable societies for medical initiative to go to this length in support of manpower needs. Of all the world's nations, cancer research cannot receive some help MEDICAL PERSONNEL SHORTAGE certainly America ought to be able to ex­ and assistance toward the development of port physicians, and it could do a great deal new and appropriate additions to these pro­ of good with respect to its international re­ jected laboratories from national sources, lationships by expanding its medical train­ inasmuch as the work to be done in them HON. JAMES G. O'HARA is certainly not only in the interest of the OF MICHIGAN ing facilities and research support to the level where one could come here from other Detroit community, but of the nation as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES countries, take his training and return, bear­ well. Wednesday, August 5, 1970 ing with him knowledge and commitments Many are at a loss to determine where which become a part of one's life during the we shall find opportunity for employment Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, a number course of medical education and post-grad­ for so many young people, particularly of us in this House feel that a medical uate experience. those in the racial minorities. Who is going crisis is upon this Nation; that we are Whereas many throughout the world now to be hurt most by the withdrawal of fed­ desperately short of doctors and other doubt the genuine humanistic concern of eral loans for medical students and nursing American society, nothing could do more students? Certainly, my son who desires to medical personnel, and that the Federal go into medicine will be supported by us Government's efforts and assistance in to correct that impression than those steps to the best of our ability and even under­ this field should be dramatically in­ which are within our rea.ch and which are relat ively straightforward and simple, and go major hardship if necessary in achieving creased. which could elevate our reputation in the his goals. We have been blessed in having A short time ago an effort was made care of the ill and our contribution to that available to us the resources wit h which on the floor of the House to provide a work in other n ations as well as in our to make such an effort and t o assist him, substantial increase for medical man­ own. but certainly equally deserving and compe­ power programs. Unfortunately, that ef­ In my field of cancer research and treat­ tent boys whose parents do not have the fort failed. ment, we see before us a terrible shortage resources are now shut off from medicine At the present level of funding, short­ of men fully capable of giving high qual­ by this economic barrier and that is especial­ age of doctors-and experts say we need ity medical care to patients with neoplastic ly true amongst people in the racial and na­ disease. This work is not an easy kind of tional minority groups. an additional 50,000-will not decrease, work, and it is discouraging and demanding but indeed will worsen. as few things are in medicine. Nevertheless, Recently I received a letter from &n we h ave more young men applying for fel­ old friend, Dr. Michael J. Brennan, pres­ lowships than we can find support to train. PROBLEMS OF STUDENT UNREST ident of the Michigan Cancer Founda­ As a member of the National Advisory tion. I found his letter an eloquent expo­ Council for the Regional Medical Programs sition of the need for more and better and as Chairman of the Michigan Associa­ HON. GILBERT GUDE tion for Regional Programs' Regional Advis­ trained medical personnel. I recommend ory Group, I see numerous opportunit ies and OF MARYLAND it to my colleagues and ask that the per­ initiat ives going to waste in the coordination IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tinent portions thereof be printed in the of m edical work an d in t h e t raining of new RECORD: people for this work, simply by reason of Wednesday, August 5, 1970 JULY 28, 1970. a lack of funds. It is not t h at the will is Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, when a prom­ The Honorable JAMES G. O'HARA, not t h ere, or that t he candidates are not inent educator speaks out on the prob­ House Office Building, at the door, but simply that we have never Washington, D.O. given the appropriat e priority to these ex­ lems of student unrest and campus dis­ DEAR JIM: I am vastly encouraged to read penditures in the construction of our bu dg­ order which create fissures in the bed­ the speech which you ma.de to the Congress et. I am Chairman of the Subcommittee of rock of society, it behooves us to listen. August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27569 This appeal to intellectual stability and for their country. Too often they do not or sacrifice of the values they pretend to reason was made by President George H. contribute to the definition of the urgent revere. Williams, president of the American Uni­ issues facing us, nor are they invited to For many, perhaps too many, confronta­ challenge long-held and critically unevalu­ tion is a physical thing_.abuse and in­ versity, at the commencement of North­ ated premises on which political policy is sult, bricks, fists, tear gas, or, in the extreme, ern Dlinois University on June 6, 1970. formulated. Where else has our political bombs and bullets. All art; to be deplored. I commend this address to my colleagues: process failed? The real confrontation is intellectual, and PROBLEMS OF STUDENT UNRES'::.' Business and the professions and the it is much more dangerous. Rocks in the One reliable indicator of the state of the unions maintain a counsel of deception in hands of petty tyrants may break windows which their public aflirmation of oppor­ and draw blood. But thus it has ever been. nation oay be the temper of its commence­ Windows may be replaced, juvenile slogans ment addresses. If this is so, the gulf that tunity for all is belled by a principle of no divides our people is broader and deeper than room at the top for minorities and, in some erased, and wounds healed. But the violence at any time since Lincoln. cases, not even room at the bottom. Con­ done to truth and objectivity and ideas can­ The voices of commencement should­ centration on quantity overshadows creative not be so easily overcome. and often do--refiect the concerns of young impact on quality of life. Material reward For few, perhaps too few, the counsel of is the measure of success. Where else have reason and of peaceful change is the course people, and, therefore, the concerns of our chosen against the alternative of intoler­ future. The voices of commencement this they failed? And the family, which in the final analy­ ance and violence. The voice of moderation year are angry and, in many instances, un­ is too seldom heard and heeded, and, indeed, reasona.ble--or bitter. sis is the place where the example of unity and love must be set, if ever it is, is disin­ is all too often absent from our campuses But we had better listen. We had better and from our commencements. And so it is understand what we hear. Only then can we tegrating or radically changing in the in­ fluence it exerts. It is not permissiveness we for our nation. maintain our ability as a nation to disagree Others will come after you to this great without being d1sagreeable. have to fear, but the absence of love and consideration for an in the family-and for u_n~versity, and you can leave the fight for Americans, perhaps for the first time, a.re c1v1lity and reason to them. Your job is done losing their cc:Iective sense of humor-not all in the family of man. Where else has the family failed? when you receive the diploma you came to that there is humor in wa.r or crime or pov­ get--a kind of honorable discharge from the erty or pollution; but then a. sense of humor Unless we recognize the failures of which these are but illustrations, we cannot hope war against injustice and inequity. A modest is never really tested except in the face of annual gift to the alumni fund will more desperat e circums.tances. to restore the confidence that must be the basis of constructive dialogue among our than cover what you owe. Or will it? Americans, perhaps for the fl.rst time, a.re But some few of you, and if we are fortu­ losing the sense of unity that has, in the people-people who too often a.re equally right and equally wrong. nate many, will go on to a quiet kind of pa.st, drawn disparate people and philoso­ greatness in which men and women are phies t oget her in the face of threatened dis­ The need is not, as some suggest, for get­ ting tough. Violence breeds repression, and committed to a patriotism of pee.ce and to aster. Our commitment to common goals is the brotherhood of mankind and to endur­ being shaken by divisive disputes over bet­ repression begets violence. Together, they spell disaster for democracy. ing human dignity for all. Let those who ter ways to achieve them. And the funda­ think these goals unrealistic remember that mental unity that has been our best guar­ What we have not tried fully and fairly is getting decent. Legitimate concerns will they have not been tried and been found antee against political violence and repres­ wanting. They have not yet been tried. sion may be crumbling. And this is because not be met by the violence-prone academic bullies on the campus any more than by the Perhaps if there is determination to try many people point out the difference be­ them, the time is not too far away when com­ tween the ideal of American life and the inflammatory rhetoric of those off the cam­ pus who play on fear or appeal to vindictive­ mencement addresses will signal a different reality of our times, because many others state of the nation-in which anger is re­ assert their distrust of change or their dis­ ness. If America can resolve its differences by placed by understanding and the turmoil doain of methods that advocates of change of these times will give way to renewed con­ pursue. resort to reason anywhere, it is on the cam­ puses of its colleges and universities. But fidence and achievement for a reunited na­ We have, as a. nation learned how to shout tion. at each other, but we have forgotten how we must remember that it is not only our to talk to each other. We know how to hear, colleges and universities that are being but we have lost the ability to listen. We tested. It is a test of men and women who, are more preoccupied with the ideas of con­ at this time in their lives, are on those GROWING PROBLEM OF NOISE frontation than with the confrontation of campuses. POLLUTION ideas. As one reviews this campus year from the Too often, we impugn the motives of those perspective of expectations, these may have wit h whom we differ and attribute our dif­ been our finest or our worst hours-but more HON. LESTER L. WOLFF ferences to the lunacy of extremes at both likely both. OF NEW YORK ends of t he political, social, or economic When violence threatens to overwhelm IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spectrum. We seem intent on tearing our reason at your university, or mine, or any nation apart. And it is all so purposeless other, there is no effective appeal except to Wednesday, August 5, 1970 and so self-defeating. the members of the university community Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, last Friday The accumulated bankruptcy of leadership itself if enduring results are sought. The glory of the university lies in the very de­ three of our colleagues, Representatives that has brought us to this day cannot, and I must not, be assigned to one man, to one fenselessness that makes it easy prey for ADDABBO, BIAGGI, BRASCO, and held a party, or even to one institution. The roots those who seek to change its character by in­ hearing in Mineola, N.Y., on the growing are deeper than that. timidation from within or from without. A problem of noise pollution from jet air­ Each Sabbath our churches are empty or university's commitment to truth and ob­ craft. We were seeking new approaches nearly so. Those few that prosper in attend­ jectivit y, and its determination to perform to this unhealthy and distracting noise ance attract and hold relatively few of the its educat ional mission may be guaranteed that is especially bad in New York be­ young, for the language and ritual of formal t emporarily by transforming the campus into cause of the proximity of two of the religion are not the language and experience an armed bastion-but only at the price of sacrificing its nature as a university. world's busiest airports, Kennedy and of war and race and national priority that LaGuardia. so preempt the concern of the young. Where When none will rise to its defense and have t he churches failed? exert the power of moral persuasion that iso­ We heard from the following people: our colleges and universities existed until lates and rejects violence, then that univer­ Martin Gach and Dr. John Powers for recently in relat ive isolation from the prob­ sity has already been superseded by a new the Federal Aviation Administration; lems of t he world about them. Our graduates instit ution. Call it what you will, it is not John Wiley for the Port of New York have been more attuned to making a living a universit y. And so it is with our nation. Authority; James Pyle for the Aviation than to making a life. The allegiance of uni­ Our universities are not perfect--perhaps Development Council and a number of versity faculties has been less to enrich­ even the contrary. But the process by which elected officials from Nassau County. ment of their students and more to ad­ a university grows and achieves is t he proc­ vancement of a professional competence. ess of reasoned judgment. Cowardice, lies, Since the statements presented by Wh ere else h ave t h ey failed? rocks, and bombs are natural partners in the these local officials were all to the point Our government, at all levels, which so assault on reasoned judgment; and only a and all worthy of the Members' consid­ m any criticize and increasing numbers re­ few need to attack when the knowledge be­ eration I insert my remarks and in­ ject , is too often the private preserve of forehand is that defense must not be in kind. clude those statements in the RECORD. leadership by default, thriving on the inabil­ And so it is with our nation. Also I wish to include letters received ity or t he u nwillingness of dedicated men But who will speak for the essent ial proc­ from certain village mayors who were and wom en to pay the price of being in­ ess of reasoned judgment? Too often, not unable to accept our invitation to the volved. Meaningful political participation even a few. They are possessed of a different does not extend t o those who seek to vote, as kind of cowardice--seeking to avoid personal hearing but who did write briefly on this they are sought out to defend and to die involvement at any cost, including the denial subject : 27570 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970

STATEMENT OF HEMPSTEAD TOWN PRESIDING It would not be melodramat ic to state that it was technically feasible to reduce jet noise. SUPERVISOR RALPH G. CASO FOR J'E:r NOISE time is just around the corner. At that time, the FAA promised to issue new CONFERENCE The Federal Aviation Agency, which has regulations in 1970, limiting noise from the scandalously disregarded the public interest most widely used planes such as the 707. Gentlemen: Forgive me if my words seem to play ball to the air industry, has demon­ But Mr. John Shaffer, the FAA administrator, weary; I can't hide that numbness of fatigue strated total insensitivity to the problem and said that it would take two years to write and frustration that I feel when I address inability to solve it. such rules and another four years to fit these myself to the problem of jet noise. For the I also urge that further consideration be planes with noise suppressors. past 10 years I have been up to my hip boots given to another old proposal of mine--the At the same time, the FAA approved its in the enduring battle to eradicate jet noise. creation of a wetport five miles out in the first noise abatement regulations which Pay a visit to the five towns area of my Atlantic Ocean to take the traffic away from would govern the new jumbo jets, with one town-the town of Hempstead-and you'll congested areas. And how about considerin g very Jumbo exception, the 747. The FAA said know immediately that the struggle goes the construction of the metropolitan area's that noise regulations won't apply to them on. fourth major jetport at a place like Strat­ until January 1972 . . . at which time 90 We tried back a few years ago to legislate ford Shoals in the Long Island Sound just off percent of those on order will be already locally against jet noise but, as many of you the Connecticut coast. Two projects that are flying. know, the air interests dragged the Hemp­ breathtaking in scope but well within t he I say to you that the FAA is flouting the stead Town anti-noise ordinance excruciat­ realm of the American technological genius. law of this land, the FAA has committed a ingly through layer upon layer of courts And finally, permit me to make a pitch betrayal of the public trust, it ls apparent until finally it was decreed that jet noise for membership in the National Organiza­ that the FAA has failed to regulate in the regulation ls a federal prerogative. tion to Insure a Sound-controlled Environ­ public interest. It ls time for a full scale in­ So now we've begun to move on a national ment--NOISE. Founded last year this group, vestigation of the FAA by the House Inter­ level to meet the problem of jet noise head which I head as national president, aims to state and Foreign Commerce Committee and on. More about that later. I am pleased act as a pressure bloc on the national level by the Senate Commerce Committee. Mr. to say that local efforts have not been aban­ to speak with one voice for the millions in the Shaffer's 8-year timetable for enacting a duly doned altogether. Recently, at my request, country who daily suffer the intolerable promulgated law of the land must be sub­ New York State Attorney General Louis Lef­ burden of jet noise. Municipalities, organi­ ject to scrutiny and to re-ordered priority. kowitz announced plans to file suit against zations and individuals from coast to coast It is high time that regulatory agencies 58 airlines and the Port of New York Au­ are joining our ranks. Several of the con­ started to regulate the industries they are thority, operator of Kennedy International gressmen here today addressed our organiza­ supposed to regulate in the public interest, and La Guardia Airports. I hope to testify tion in Washington shortly after it was and stop acting as apologists for them. The as a friend of the court in that suit which formed last fall, so you know what I'm talk­ FAA is not the only regulatory agency that aims to have jet noise declared a public ing about. should come under congressional review. We nuisance. A court decision in our favor will Gentlemen, the people who must live under must ask what has been the role of the initially enable the beleaguered victims of the planes--and I notice that their numbers port authority and of the civil aeronautics jet noise to file suit for damages. In the increase daily-are growing restless. The air board in defending the public interest. long run, hopeful, it will convince the air industry has stated it feels it cannot sur­ Again, the answer is that the airlines indus­ industry of the economic advisabUity af de­ vive if it must spend large sums on noise try is not complaining. veloping a quiet jet engine. suppression. I submit to you that, if I gauge I would like to ask the representative of That's really what I would like to discuss the mood of the people correctly, the air the port authority here today to tell us what today. A few years ago a blue ribbon presi­ industry will not survive unless it moves criteria are used to determine if there is an dential panel investigated jet noise and con­ forthrightly to curb the horrendous screech over-abundance of service to a particular cluded that the development of a quiet jet and roar of its jet engines. area. What is the need for three airlines engine is technologically feasible; it was just running planes to Chicago every hour from a matter of money. Gentlemen, and I par­ STATEMENT OF GLEN COVE MAYOR-SUPERVISOR all three airports, if there aren't that many ticularly point to the congressional repre­ ANDREW J. DI PAOLA passengers going to Chicago every hour? sentatives here today, I would suggest that Congressman Wolff and members of the Why do we need so many half or three-quar­ the initiative for curbing jet noise must be congressional committee: As Mayor and Su­ ters empty jets going to Miami during the seized by Congress. The federal government pervisor of the City of Glen Cove, which lies summer months? Friends of mine who saw must, in concert with the air industry, ap­ in a holding pattern for Kennedy Airport and their son off on a teen-tour to the west, propriate sumcient monies to research, de­ in the flight path for LaGuardia Airport, I three weeks ago, told me that when they got velop and install quiet jet engines. Let's face want to thank you for sponsoring this hear­ to the airport the tour leader couldn't tell it, the aircraft is here to stay, it is a key­ ing to focus on the problem of jet noise pol­ them exactly what flight the boy was going stone of our nation's progress, and this is as lution, which ls affecting the physical and on, because they were going student stand­ it should be. I am no enemy of air trans­ mental well-being of so many of our Nassau by to Denver. They needed a flight with 37 portation. County citizens. empty seats to accommodate all the kids. If Where to find the money? Frankly that's a The whining scream of the jets, as they they couldn't get on one, they would get on problem for the administration and the con­ zoom hour after hour over our homes at another, because there were so many leav­ gressional leadership, but I would not hesi­ minute-and-a-half intervals, as you well ing within one hour, mostly empty. tate to urge that you consider diverting the know, has made life in the summertime vir­ If the airlines are not going to be com­ staggering sums appropriated for the devel­ tually intolerable for residents of many of pelled to make their flights quieter. Perhaps opment of the super-sonic transport, the our communities from the south to the north they can be compelled to make them fewer. SST. shore and across the breadth of the island. I can think of no quicker method of reducing To date more than $623 million in federal our people are running out of patience and, jet noise t han simply reducing the number money has been poured into the SST pro­ I say to you, that the Federal Aviation Ad­ of jets in the air, and at the same t ime ser:r­ gram and experts estimate the national com­ ministration has run out of time. lcing the public, both on the ground and m mitment to this flying white elephant will Gentlemen, the Federal Noise Abatement the air, better. Why are planes now st acked total several billions before it ever gets off Act, which you played such an important role a minimum of one-hour on almost every ground; and I mean that quite lit erally. in enacting into law, was signed by Presi­ take-off and landing out of La.Guardia and The threats t hat this plane poses ~o our dent Johnson on July 24, 1968, exactly two Kennedy? Who is looking out for public environmen t--jet noise, sonic boom, pollu­ years ago. What has happened since this act safety and sanity? Why can't night flights be tion of the stratosphere--are staggering. I decreed that the administrator of the Fed­ curtailed, as you have asked , and is done in shudder to think of a huge plane streaking eral Aviation Administration, after consulta­ so many other airports? Are these trips neces­ across the country leaving in its wake a tion wtih the Secretary of Transportation, sary? coast-to-coast string of broken windows and shall prescribe standards for the measure­ The whole matter of C.A.B. assignment of shattered nerves. ment of aircraft noise and sonic boom and routes should be re-examined. The C.A.B. Let's dump this 111-conceived project and shall prescribe such rules and regulations as demands that minimum service of routes be use the money to come up with the quiet en­ he may find necessary to provide for the enforced, but what about maximums? gine. And while you congressmen are at it, control and abatement of aircraft noise and I call on the port authority to institute an how about consideration being given to a sonic boom? immediate freeze on the number of flights longtime proposal of mine to give the U.S. The answer, as you know all too well, is in and out of the New York airports and to surgeon general's office power to regulate jet exactly nothing has happened. The airlines come up with a feasible reduction plan t hat noise? It's going to take a medically orient ed insist that muffling jet engines is too costly would provide noise relief for people on the agency to understand the significant physi­ and they will continue to fall back on that ground and relieve take-off and landing ological and psychological effects of Jet n oise argument just as long as the governmental trauma for people stacked up in flights in t he on the helpless sufferers on the ground. agencies with the power to order them to air I ask that this be done before there ls More than 60 years ago Dr. Robert Koch, reduce noise refuse to exercise that power. th~ kind of accident which the air con­ Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist, warned: It took the FAA, until November, 1969, trollers have told us could easily happen in "The time will come when man must fight more than one year after the law was passed, the overworked skies above our heads. Let merciless noise as the worst enemy of his and after considerable prodding from public us investigate, for once, before a tragedy. health." officials such as yourself, to even admit that Obviously, long range solutions are needed. August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27571 too. The wetport, which has been talked Gentlemen, the time for studies, meetings at an altitude of approximately 1500 feet, about for the past few years, could become a and hearings is past. The time for imme­ proceeded to bombard the residents of East reality, if we re-ordered our priorities and diate action by our Federal Representatives Hills and the Greater Roslyn area: made it the must-do project it should be; is here. I therefore urge you to initiate the This bombardment continued for approxi­ a fourth metropolitan area jetport, if some necessary legislation for the effective con­ mately 19 consecutive hours during the nearby willing community can be found, trol and abatement of jet noise pollution course of just one day and consisted of would help, provided we did not again let plaguing the City of Long Beach, all of whining, shrieking, deafening, frightening, every airline duplicate the services it is al­ Nassau County, and the rest of our Nation. threatening, penetrating and shrill noises. ready providing at Kennedy, Newark and La­ In conclusion may I say that we recognize These noises were of such intensity that Guardia from the new port; and condemning we are three months away from the first it was impossible to carry on a normal con­ land for corridors, as has been suggested Tuesday after the first Monday in November? versation in one's own home. along some of the Kennedy-Airport areas in All we ask is that you maintain the intensity These sounds were of such intensity that Queens, could provide some long-range re­ of your devotion to this cause later in the any attempt at outdoor activity became an lief. year and in the years ahead. We only ask endurance contest, with our residents as However, we cannot wait for these solu­ that you "love us in December as you love sure losers. tions, drastic action is required now. If the us in July." These noises were of such intensity that Federal Government is ready to spend bil­ Thank you for this opportunity to speak we found it impossible to carry on normal lions in public money to develop a super­ before you. living under these circumstances. sonic transport for the airlines, it ought to This intolerable condition proceeded on an be able to compel the airlines to spend some STATEMENT BY DONAL M. MAHONEY almost continuous basis throughout the money for homeowners who live under the We in local government are deeply con­ month of June. flight paths to get a decent night's sleep; In the past, East Hills and the Greater cerned about the total assault of the human Roslyn areas have had more than their share and it ought to be able to compel the regu­ senses of all forms of pollution-be it odor, latory agencies to see that the airlines do it. of aircraft noise as a fairly steady diet. But aesthetics, or noise. A growing pattern of we have never been subjected to such an in­ complaint is coming into Town Hiall from cessant and concentrated barrage. This com­ TESTIMONY OF PETER A. KORN residents in many areas whose outdoor living munity is not requesting that we be isolated Congressmen Wolff, Addabbo, Brasco and style has been curtailed because of repeated from jet noise at the expense of others. We Biaggi. My name is Peter A. Korn, City Man­ noise bursts coming from low-flying jets, and have, however, asked answers to these specific ager of the City of Long Beach, New York. who are finding their sleep disturbed because questions. I am pleased to have this opportunity to of the cacophony. Unfortunately we have no Why, commencing with the Memorial Day appear before you to speak on the deafening answers and no available genie to force air­ Weekend, were we the target of hordes of and deadly problem of jet noise pollution. planes to disappear. aircraft flying at approximately 1500 feet? Because of Long Beach's proximity to The problem of jet noise is not one with . . . this never occurred before. J.F.K. International Airport, jet noise pol­ which local government can effectively deal. Why have we been the target of identical lution has become an alarming problem to We can certainly add our voice of complaint, occurrences at periodic times since then? . . . our community. The greatest impact of the and in so doing bring whatever prestige we this never happened before. super-jet age is being felt in communities may have to bear. But for some positive ac­ Why has this community been selected? like ours, which are contiguous to Kennedy tion and relief we must appeal to the Fed­ We are not in close proximity to Kennedy Airport, where the greatest number of do­ eral government in the form of the Federal Airport. We were here long before the airport mestic and international flights originate Aviation Authority, and to our representa­ came into being. Our residents deliberately and terminate. By mid-1970, no less than 19 tives in the United States Senate and Con­ chose to move into East Hills and the Greater airlines will be operating out of Kennedy gress. Roslyn area to achieve a peaceful, suburban with "747" flights, in addition to fleets of We urge that Federal monies in sufficient atmosphere away from all forms of air pollu­ 265-passenger tri-engine air buses. quantity be allocated for research that wm tion. This increased air traffic will intensify the produce engines much quieter than those These questions are not unique to our area. disturbances currently plaguing our popu­ now being used commercially. We do not These are the same questions that most lation and will cause even greater disturb­ feel cutting down on engine power in landing cities and many villages are asking through­ ances to television reception, schools, meet­ and take-of!, as is reported now, is wise from out the country. ings and religious services and the basic the standpoint of safety Of passengers. We have received an explanation from the process of living. It will also impair the sleep We urge that immedi·ate attention be given FAA with regard to why many more aircraft of countless Long Beach and South Shore to the practicality of building landing and than usual appeared in our area. The ex­ residents, affecting their health and hearing take-of! strips out into the water, thereby planation given was that a computer "fouled and, quite possibly, as the meagre scientific removing the sound impact from the popu­ up", resulting in Runway 22, which imme­ knowledge is beginning to indicate, reduce lated areas surrounding metropolitan air­ diately affects this area, being used as much their very life span. ports on the eastern and western seaboards. as 19 consecutive hours during a 24-hour In the City of Long Beach, our Jr. High In the process of investigating the feasibility period. School graduation was disrupted by overhead of such action, we might also direct the at­ The FAA, very recently, recognizing that aircraft noises. Churches and Synagogues tention of the Federal government to the use we were getting more than our fair share must interrupt their services, and judges of inert refuse for creating the bulwark of of noise, has stated that they would attempt have been unable to be heard while con­ such strips, thereby assisting not only in to reduce the use of Runway 22 to no more ducting court. People are being disturbed the battle against noise pollution but in the than 8 hours in any 24-hour period. While time and again by countless and continual battle against waste disposal. we appreciate this relief, this is small solace, noise attacks from planes. Sleep has become And we urge that the FAA come up with Gentlemen. I submit, that accepting this a nightmare. When jets approach Kennedy a pattern of landing and take-off which pledge given us by the FAA in good faith, Airport, all thinking and living processes be­ utilizes water approaches to the maximum that 8 hours is far too much ... that 4 hours come suspended while sensory perceptions and creates a fairly distributed radial pat­ is much too much ... that any prolonged are tuned to the deafening sounds of the jet tern for the balance. No single community overflight of any duration is totally unbear­ engine roar, and when that eases, we tune should be forced to bear the brunt of an ever­ able. in on the distant roar of the next approach­ increasing air traffic necessary to our way of Obviously, then, the ultimate solution is ing plane 50 seconds away. The problem of life. not moving the noise from one c01nmunity to jet noise pollution in Long Beach has be­ In speaking as a representative of the Town another or alternating the noise pattern. come so p.i:evalent that many individuals of North Hempstead, I am well aware Of the This is not a local problem but is, in fact have requested something be done about it. fact that a local municipality cannot offer world-wide. One such individual said, "There are times substantial assistance in solving the prob­ Let me quote from a recent letter to Sena­ when some planes, either by their size, speed, lem. We do, however, wish to officially go on tor Charles Goodell, written by George M. or altitude, create a sort of concussion when record in offering whatever positive assist­ Garry, Director of the FAA: flying over our house--to the extent that we ance and governmental miachinery we c:an. "We have attempted during the past ten feel as though a blow has been struck on The assault on the eardrums and nervous sys­ years to procedurally reduce the impact of the roof." This condition is intolerable. tems of metropolitan area residents must be aircraft noise on the communities and we Many aspects of our society are to blame halted. find that we have practically exhausted any for this problem. Aircraft and engine man­ further major relief techniques than can ufacturers are at fault because they have STATEMENT BY MAYOR WILLIAM R. FLEISCHER be realized through such efforts. It is our spent more money and time on extending The opportunity to address you gentlemen belief that only through further technical the life of the 707's and developing the 74,,'s today is much appreciated. I have long de­ advances at the noise source and through and subsequent jets, instead of refitting air­ sired to get all those responsible for our jet additional efforts by local officials in the craft engines with silencers. Our Federal Ad­ noise problems together in one room. management of efficient and compatible land ministration is at fault for not creating and On Memorial Day weekend of this year, use can further relief be forthcoming." enforcing adequate laws, and eliminating succeeding waves of aircraft, operating at Gentlemen, you have the authority to re­ unnecessary air flights. intervals of 45 seconds to 1 Y:i minutes and quire the airlines to retrofit present aircraft 27572 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 and set a time period for its accomplishment. For our part, we intend to pursue this is a matter that lies exclusively within the But how can you realistically set this stand­ matter at every level until such time as our province of the Federal Government and not ard when no such suppressant device exists objectives are achieved. subject to Town or Village control. Since at the present time? this control is within the province of the Why hasn't the FAA and the Congress STATEMENT OF WILLIAM D. DENSON Congress of the United States it is up to moved vigorously to develop a noise suppres­ I appear here as a Mayor of the Village of the Congress of the United States to alle­ sant device in order to retrofit present air­ Lawrence, New York, a community thwt has viate the problem which it has seen fit to craft? We fully understand that the 747 and been endowed by the good Lord with scenic impose upon our citizens. the DC-10 are not quite as noisy as the older beauties and natural facilities not possessed This relief may take the form of a Federal aircraft. However, the noise levels from these by other communities. In short, the Vlllage subsidy to aid these economically impover­ newer planes are still shattering. of Lawrence is a most desirable place to ished airlines to meet the financial responsi­ Why hasn't the FAA and the Congress live. It has but one detraction. It is within bility that would be required to equip pres­ moved to develop a quiet engine for future the pa.th of the planes that take off and ent planes of the airlines with the noise aircraft? We have noted that under the aus­ land at Kennedy airport. suppressing devices. This Federal aid is a pices of NASA a quiet engine project is on Your continued efforts to alleviate the small price for the Federal Government to pay stream and is supposedly to be accomplished intolerable noise nuisance suffered by all of in order to rectify the invasion of the private by 1972. our residents demands my respect and the rights of the citizens of Lawrence and other In this context, the Congress empowered fervent hope that you will continue these areas adjacent to busy airports. This aid the Federal Aviation Administration 1n July efforts. should be considered as a pa.rt of the price 1968 to issue aircraft noise standards, stating Kennedy International Airport-contigu­ the government must pay in order to insure further that any proposed regulation must be ous to our Village borders--represents a noise pre-eminence in the field of air transport. economically reasonable, technologically factor that menaces the health of every­ The first thing required is for Congress practicable and appropriate for the par­ one, regardless of age, in our community­ to exercise a more direct control over the ticular type of aircraft and aircraft engine. but the greatest sufferers are the young implementation of the legislation that has In November 1969 the FAA regulations were school children and the aged, the former been passed to handle the noise abatement amended to limit the noise levels for future because of the constant and increasing din problem. The legislative process is not with­ subsonic airplanes. The FAA has stated that during their school hours, when teachers out teeth sufficient to achieve a consumation they are preparing similar regulatory action must pause every two or three minutes to of the purposes sought by the legislation to limit the noise from sUJbsonic aircraft and allow planes flying overhead to pass, so that that it passes. the current jet fleet even though the latter their pupils can hear. At night, their study The second most important aspect of the may require extensive and expensive modi­ hours are interrupted and their sleep dis­ solution to this problem is to require the fications. Let me quote from a letter written turbed. The aged, who certainly are entitled airlines to utilize those scient ific aids which by Dr. John O. Powers, FAA Acting Direc­ to the peace and quiet of their homes, are h ave been developed to abate the insufferable tor of the Office of Noise Abatement, written shocked out of their normal and needed rest noise presently emitted by the planes. to a resident of East Hills: hours. Conversation, meals and rest must be Finally, the third and perhaps the most "We realize that what we have accom­ wt the whim of the fl.ow pattern of shattering important aspect of the problem is a sympa­ plished to date does not reduce the noise you aircraft noise, which emanates from the thetic and fair disposition by the Congress experience every day, but we have taken the planes landing and taking off at two min­ of the apparent, but not real, confiict be­ first step forward to prevent further escala­ ute intervals. tween the rights of the airlines and the rights tion of the aircraft noise problem and are Our open Board of Trustees meetings, held of the individuals whose interest they are proceeding toward reduction of the noise publicly in the Village Hall at stated times, to serve. levels you are now experiencing." must be governed by the constant interrup­ Respectfully, I submit, Gentlemen, that all these are tion of airplane noise, and a meeting which WILLIAM D. DENSON, just beautiful words ... that in fact you are should take not more than two hours, runs Mayor. bogged-down. . . . The procedure for noise double that time because of the airplane abatement is going at a snail's pace and, at noise which forces each speaker to await for INCORPORATED VILLAGE OF that, I am being extremely generous. the planes passing, so he can be heard. GARDEN CITY, Continuing at this rate of progress, I pre­ We now know, through Mr. John H. Shaf­ Garden City, L.I., N.Y., July 28, 1970. dict that every citizen of the United States fer, the FAA Administrator ... "that noise The Honorable LESTER L. WOLFF, in the not-too-distant future would have to around major airports would grow steadily House of Representatives, live underground in order to escape from the louder in the foreseeable future, despite the Washington, D.C. aircraft noise pollution. promise of quieter planes now in production." DEAR CONGRESSMAN WOLFF: Thank you for Our population is on the increase. Please believe that as the Chief Executive your letter of July 23, 1970 advising that you According to the United States Bureau of of Lawrence, I can testify to the fact that have scheduled a hearing at 9 :30 a.m., July Census, our current population as of May 1, these noise levels long ago passed the bear­ 31, at the Nassau County Board of Super­ 1970 is 205,022,000. able limits, and alleviation of this nuisance visors Chambers in Mineola on the subject As of 1975, their projection is for 219,- represents the firm resolve of all the munic­ of jet noise and inviting me to submit a 366,000. ipalities who are so endangered. We seek the statement in behalf of the Vlllage of Garden As of 1980, 235,212,000. aid of any agency-private, governmental, City. As of 1990, 270,770,000. or civic, in our attempts to combat the evil Although Garden City ls not directly in The use of air travel is increasing by leaps thrust upon us. the Kennedy or La Guardia Airport traffic and bounds. Efforts at placing a fourt h jet­ There was a time before the problem had patterns, deviation from those patterns often port within the New York-Metro area and in been properly researched during which it was results in our Village being subjected to jet fact, similar efforts at sites throughout the thought that no aba.tement of the noise level noise of considerable magnitude. My whole­ United States, have been stymied because was possible without sacrificing safety. For hearted sympathy ls with the residents in people throughout our country are appalled this reason the Courts accepted the evll along those communities directly in the flight pat­ at the destruction of our environment. Our with t he supposed advantages of an air terns and of closer proximity of those air­ citizenship cries out for an end to environ­ transport system. But now it is apparent ports. It is my understanding that the jet ment al pollution. This, inevitably, leads to that the progress of science has alleviated noise problem will be compounded and be­ one conclusion. the noise condition by utilizing devices come even more severe as larger planes a.re The FAA and the Congress must enact a known as supressors. These supressors are put into service. crash program to develop a noise suppressant expensive and according to the airlines are The Village of Garden City joins with its device to retrofit present aircraft and to de­ prohibitive when considered in relation to neighboring communities ln urging that velop a quiet engine. This must be done now. the return received upon the investment Congress and the appropriate federal agen­ It is past time for lip service. It is past made by the airlines. cies bend every effort to bring about a solu­ the t ime when we can permit the airline in­ It is thus apparent that relief, to a large tion to this serio·is problem of jet noise. dustries to dict at e our policy. The FAA, Con­ degree, is bolled down to a matter of dollars My best personal regards. gress, and all of our elected representatives, and cents. If it is not true that the employ­ Very truly yours, must assume the leadership role and insist ment of sound supressors is economically not FREDERICK H. SCHNEIDER, that this emergency program be accom­ feasible, then t he airlines should be required Mayor. plished now. to equip their planes with these devices and You gentlemen, must put the muscle be­ end the intrusion made by the airlines upon VU.LAGE OF GREAT NECK ESTATES, hind this request. Communities throughout the individual rights of the citizen to peace Great Neck, N.Y., July 29, 1970. the United St at es object vigorously t o this and quiet. On the ather hand, if it is true Hon. LESTER L. WoLFF. crushing invasion of their privacy and re­ that the utilization of noise supressors is Nassau County Board of Supervisors Cham­ quest and, in fact, demand your immediate not economically feasible then the responsi­ bers, Mineola, New York. assistance and cooperation in obtaining bility for relief lies at the door of the Federal DEAR MR. WOLFF: I regret very much my in­ prompt relief from this unendurable situa­ Government, because the Courts have held ability to att end the meeting on July 81. The tion. that the control and conduct of the airlines problem of jet noise is one which has been August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27573 receiving increased attention in our village. SUPREME COURT NEEDS GALLAGHER POINTS TO TWO EX­ We have had many letters complaining a.bout the annoyance caused by the re-routing of PORNOGRAPHY RULING AMPLES OF RISING CONCERN air tratnc to La Guardia. OVER PRIVACY Our village has been represented at several HON. JAMES M. COLLINS meetings of the Town-Village Aircraft Safety and Noise Abatement Committee held under OF TEXAS HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER the direction of Ralph G. Caso, Presiding IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW JERSEY Supervisor, Town of Hempstead and we are Wednesday, August 5, 1970 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES very much in accord with the goals of that Wednesday, August 5, 1970 organization. We heartily endorse the action Mr. COLLINS. Mr. Speaker, down in which ls being taken by the Attorney Gen­ Texas our neighbors have become more Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, the eral's office against the Port of New York and more concerned about pornography. Louis Harris poll released on Monday, Authority and the various airlines. As one good friend said the other day, August 3, states that 34 percent of the With best wishes for success in the cam­ paign against jet noise, I am "I can remember way back in public American people have concern about in­ Respectfully, when air was clean and sex was dirty." vasion of privacy. I believe that when I JEAN MARGOULEFF, But sex in the public life, in the movies, began my privacy studies in 1964, that Mayor. on the newsstands, has no liinits today. figure would have been considerably Our forceful editor, Felix R. McKnight, lower, for as I have often stated, my fun­ VILLAGE OF NORTH Hn.Ls, summed it up forcefully in his analysis damental purpose has been to create a Manhasset, N.Y., July 30, 1970. of July 22 in the Dallas Times Herald. climate of concern in which effective Hon. LESTER L. WoLFF, measures could be taken to protect this 156A Main Street, Port Washington, N.Y. Here is McKnight's comment on DEAR CONGRESSMAN WOLFF: Thank you pornography: precious and, unfortunately, rapidly dis­ very much for your letter of July 23rd, 1970 The other day in Boston Municipal Court a appearing right. As an indication of just relating to the proposed hearing to take judge sentenced a defendant for selling dirty, how much privacy Americans have lost, statements from the Federal Avi.ation Ad­ poronographic literature-and the words of I take pleasure in inserting in the REC­ ministration, the Port of New York Authority Chief Justice Elijah Adlow could be the ORD the cover story of the July 27 News­ and members of the Nassau County Board of catalyst of a national explosion. week. Entitled "The Assault on Privacy," Supervisors relative to jet noise and its as­ Justice Adlow leaned over the bench to it points out in compelling terms the ex­ sociated problems. tell the defendant, and a nation, that, in tremely interdisciplinary nature of the This is certainly a problem which we in the effect, he didn't give a tinker's damn about V1lla.ge are deeply concerned about. However, U.S. Supreme Court decisions on obscenity. privacy invaders. It also contains strong unfortunately, the Mayor will be out of the "I refuse to live by rules made by men evidence for a major, fully funded, and country at the time of the hearing and will who have lost their heads by being elevated fully staffed congressional etiort in the not be able to attend. He has asked me to too high," he said. "The Supreme Court has area of preserving Bill of Rights guaran­ write this letter to you and express his put its endorsement on filth and we in this tees. I have offered such a proposal: regrets. city will c~.ntinue to entertain a little House Resolution 717 to create a Select Very truly yours, decency ... Committee on Technology, Human JOHN P. CLEARY, Judge Adlow's defiance reflects a formal Values, and Democratic Institutions. Village Attorney. expression of the feelings and opinions of a vast number of American citizens. Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to A big majority of normal folk a.re being read these two documents as additional pushed around by endless court maneuver­ reasons for the Congress to launch a ma­ WHAT IS THE TRUTH? ings built upon thin personal opinions jor effort to assure that freedom will be handed down by some members of the Su­ the birthright of future generations of HON. ED FOREMAN preme Court. Americans, as it was the birthright of It ls this majority of five, sometimes more, this generation. OF NEW MEXICO that interprets "art" and "social value" into IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES filthy films and dirty publications. It makes THE ASSAULT ON PRIVACY Wednesday, August 5, 1970 it all legal, even if clothed in see-through SNOOPS, BUGS, wmETAPS, DOSSIERS, DATA dress. And it breeds permissiveness that is BANKS-AND SPECTERS OF 1984 Mr. FOREMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ gnawing at a nation's morals. At the age of 54, Sigmund Arywitz was a day morning I read . in the newspaper It ls this sleazy, protective a.rm that gives healthy American success story. He was mak­ that a former aide to President Ken­ arrogant "courage" to a. young hippie couple ing $30,000 a year as executive secretary and nedy claims that the President was ready sprawled on the University of Texas campus treasurer of the Los Angeles County Federa­ ma.11-"courage" to lie wrapped in a blanket, tion of Labor, AFL-CIO, his family was to withdraw from Vietnam in 1963 but gaily toss it off to expose an act of sexual sound, his reputation high on all counts, and did not because he feared the political intercourse as a group of visiting high school he had just finished eight prestigious years consequences here at home. delegates to a statewide meeting pass nearby. in Sacramento as state labor commissioner Mr. Speaker, that is indeed an inter­ It is the binding decision by the highest under Gov. Edmund G. (Pat) Brown. But esting statement. It says, in effect, that court that hammerlocks City Atty. Alex something was a wry. In the space of one President Kennedy was more interested Bickley of Dallas as he attempts to rid the year, five Los Angeles department stores re­ in saving his political hide than he was city of so-called "theaters" that show cheap, fused Sig Arywitz charge accounts, and a motel-made 16mm films that are nothing major car-leasing company turned him down in the lives of American soldiers. more than sordid shots of sex acts. for credit---even though he had a walletful I have been waiting for 2 days for There are Bostons and Dallases all over the of oil-company and other credit cards and someone to refute what Mr. O'Donnell country going through the same frustrating had always paid his bills on time. "At first I has said. But the only thing we have is experience of attempting to fight obscenity. was furious," Arywitz recalls. "I am in a sen­ the public record, which shows that time It takes direct, forceful action such as has sitive job, the question of my reliability and after time President Kennedy said there been recently displayed by Dallas Dist. Judges integrity is important. I knew I had good was a need for the United States to sup­ Snowden Leftwich and Owen Giles to bring credit. But after a while I relaxed. I figured port South Vietnam. obscenity cases to the test stage. that if the department stores didn't want my Courts and juries should deliver the final account, the hell with them. My wife Are we to believe now that what the decisions in orderly process of law. It is not wouldn't spend as much." President said publicly was not so and for newspapers or private citizens to pre­ But the puzzle-and the cloud-persisted. that only Kenny O'Donnell knows the judge or pre-empt constitutional rights. But An agent at a second car-leasing fl.rm told truth? And are we to believe that he we can applaud when a court enforces its him, "Well, with your job and salary, we'll has disclosed this out of a high-minded contempt powers and also directs that evi­ take a chance on you despite your bad credit sense of history and not because he is dence upon which to base decisions must be rating." What bad credit rating? "You've running for public office. produced in the courtrooms. sure got a lot of lawsuits on file against you," Mr. Speaker, I am sure when Presi­ Nor do we believe the high court will be the agent explained. Given that clue, Arywitz unheeding to such a point. Some recent de­ used his influence to pry loose from the car­ dent Kennedy made Kenny O'Donnell cisions have encouraged observers to feel that leasing company the source of the credit slur. his closest confidant he never, never knew the Supreme Court itself may have felt that And then it all came out. During his eight where Mr. O'Donnell's ambitions would it has gone too far-may be ready to cut years in Sa.cramento as labor commissioner, take him. With friends like this, any back on some of its more permissive rulings. Arywitz had been listed for the record as the President may be better off isolated. It is a.bout time. plaintiff or defendant in hundreds of lawsuits 27574 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 filed by or against the state labor depart­ ·vertiser on the San Antonio ra.dio station tronic-eavesdropping equipment, psycho­ ment. All this time, deep in the innards of a where Sanders worked, and the station fired logical testing and the electronic computer­ Los Angeles credit bureau, some benighted Sanders. Finally, Sanders gave up and moved have come to maturity in the past two dec­ sleuth was sloping daily through the law back to Center, Texas, his boyhood home­ ades, and each of them opens up a new box journals, noting that a surpassingly feisty town. "It's made it almost impossible to live of heretofore unavailable data. citizen named Arywitz had got jammed up in in a contemporary society based on credit," Or at least generally unavailable data. yet another colossal legal action. The credit he said last week. "We had to live on a pay­ Repressive governments have been snoop­ bureau sold its "information" to every local as-you-go basis. But I'm okay now in Center. ing on their citizens from the time of the institution that asked for a credit check on People here have known me all my life and Spartan secret police and the Roman Em­ Sigmund Arywitz..-namely the five Los they take my word over that of some credit pire's frumentarii down through the Inquisi­ Angeles department stores and two car-leas­ company." tion, Napoleonic France and on to today's ing companies. Mrs. Tomlin Brown, head of the A vis G. totalitarian states. It has always been possi­ In the circumstances, and given the hap­ Williams branch of the DeKalb County, ble for a government (and more recently a py ending, the whole incident could be Georgia, public library, was approached two corporation, or an angry wife's lawyer) to looked at-and laughed off-as a mostly weeks ago by a man with Internal Revenue put together a remarkably complete dossier comical contretemps between modern man Service credentials and asked to identify on an individual-by tailing him, searching and his complex society. But encounters of "users of certain militant and subversive all records, talking to his friends and ene­ the sort have proliferated to a point where materlal"-books on explosives, for example, mies. But this process is enormously e~pen­ the elemental right to privacy stands in seri­ or biographies of Che Guevara. Mrs. Brown sive and time-consuming, And one used to ous danger-where some concerned Ameri­ replied that her records were kept on micro­ feel a bit fiattered and distingue to rate a cans are in fact asking whether it may not film and that it would take hours to pull out dossier. be dying. Over the past twenty years, the a few names. Well, could she keep a record in In the past two decades, good old Ameri­ U.S. has become (partly of necessity and the future by "fiia.gging" certain dangerous can ingenuity and know-how have democ­ mostly for good reasons) one of the snoop­ books? "At that point I hit the roof," Mrs. ratized the process and brought the dossier iest and most data-conscious nations in the Brown saJd. "People who come into my lib­ within reach of the common man-and his history of the world. Big merchants, little rary are not going to have to worry about wife. Along the way the U.S. has badly merchants, tax bureaus, police organizations, somebody telling Big Brother." IRS denied clouded its position as a nation whose citi­ census takers, sociologists, banks, schools, that its men had ever requested names of zens have always been automatically guaran­ medical groups, employers, Federal agencies, readers of "subversive" material, or that the teed certain large measures of privacy. The newspapers, motor vehicle bureaus, insur­ agency was conducting some kind of na­ Constitution itself makes no mention of any ance companies, clubs, mail-order houses, tional rea.ding surveillance. But librarians in right to privacy, but the highest courts in credit bureaus, pollsters, advertisers, mort­ Milwaukee, San Francisco and Kansas City the land have always assumed it: the Su­ gage lenders, public utilities, the armed soon came forward to say that they had been preme Court in 1880 forbade even Congress forces--every blessed one of them and scores asked for similar information either by IRS from looking into "the private affairs of the 01' other organizations have been chasing or their local police. "The library's records are citizen," for example, and much more re­ down, storing and putting to use every scrap public," an Atlanta IRS man argued, and cently the Warren Court used the unwritten of information they can find about all 205 T-men routinely consult public records. Had doctrine of privacy to void state laws pro­ million Americans, singly and in groups. IRS stopped to consider whether it was in­ hibiting the dissemination of birth-control The country could not function as it does vading anybody's privacy? "It never even oc­ information. without this activity. Poured into huge com­ curred to us,'' said the IRS man. "We've done There is no libertarian so staunch, how­ puters, swapped with mountains of other so much of this in comparable situations, ever, that he does not recognize that the data from other sources, tapped at the touch and there's never been this kind of furor." claims of privacy change with society. "The of an electronic code button, these vast res­ The list of abuses swells. In recent months, idea that privacy can't be invaded at all is ervoirs of personal information make it pos­ whole new mountains of dossiers have piled utopian," says Charles Fried, a professor at sible f'or government to collect taxes, for up alongside the older, quasi-legitimate Harvard Law School. "There are amounts banks and schools and hospitals to serve lodes of information. The U.S. Army was dis­ and kinds of information which previously millions of customers and students and pa­ covered to be keeping a file of ostensible po­ were not given out and suddenly they have tients, for restaurants and airlines a.nd stores tential disturbers of the peace (Joan Baez, to be given out. People adjust their behavior to extend immediate credit to people they've Dr. Benjamin Spock, the NAACP) in addi­ and conceptions accordingly." never seen bef'ore. tion to its 7 million routine files on the loy­ The central question is whether Americans But somewhere in the roil of expanding alty and criminal status of every present and have been pushed and cajoled into changing population, vast economy, foliating tech­ former soldier, civilian employee or contrac­ their behavior and conceptions too much nology and chronic world crisis, individual tor. In California, Pacific Telephone and too soon for their own good-whether they Americans have begun to surrender both Telegraph Co. declined last week to say have succumbed too pliantly to the debat­ the sense and the reality of their own right whether it was monitoring more or fewer able charms of Wiretaps, in-depth question­ to privacy-and their reaction to their loss calls than the 27 million private calls it naires and other up-to-date invaders of the has been slow and piecemeal. "The individual monitored in 1965. The Retail Credit Co. of body private. It is a subtle matter. "There is being informationally raped," says Dr. Atlanta, which is mostly in the business of is no great mastermind putting this together Arthur Miller, a University of Michigan law supplying confidential reports to employers for some malevolent purpose," says New Jer­ professor whose career has been given over and insurance companies, fattened the total sey Democratic Rep. Cornelius E. Gallagher, to the defense of privacy. "The government, number of files in its inventory to 70 mil­ the House's foremost defender of privacy, credit bureaus, the police and others have lion; the Hooper-Holmes Bureau, Inc., which "but the tendency with rising technology is their f'angs in this guy. They each have their concentrates without exception on deroga­ to use it." piece of information about this guy, and tory information, keeps 9 million dossiers. The government-approved telephone tap, he doesn't have access to the information." Even these compendiums may prove to cautiously employed during World War II Rape, of course, is a scare word, and de­ have been small, rather primitive begin­ to keep track of spies and saboteurs, is signedly so. But the case file is thick with nings. TRW Credit Data, a computerized thought to have 'l;)ecome so common a police data supporting Miller's view: subdivision of TRW Inc. based in Anaheim, and FBI practice by the late '50s that it was Stephen Blumenthal, a clerk at the Chesa­ Calif., is adding 50,000 new files a week to its used against every corner bookmaker. Liber­ pea.ke & Potomac Telephone Co. of Rich­ present hoard Of 40 million and expects tarians reacted with some indignation to mond, Va., told the Senate judicial proceed­ within five years to have a dossier on every these secret taps--especially after it got out ings subcommittee recently tbat he and his American who ever applied for credit any­ that J. Edgar Hoover had kept a steady ear fellow employees enjoyed listening in on where. And tn Washington, NASA has on the late Martin Luther King Jr.-and subscribers' phone calls. "Some of the desk­ awarded Honeywell, Inc., a contract to de­ Congress specified in 1968 that the Justice men would cut in on the local chapter of velop a laser-storage technique that Will al­ Department, FBI and state and local police SDS to see what was happening," Blumen­ low one 4,500-foot magnetic tape to record could use electronic surveillance only with thal said. "I liked to monitor whorehouses." and instantaneously feed back the equiva­ a court order. Attorney General John Mitchell Leon Sanders, a 40-year-old radio news­ lent of twelve pages of information apiece on disclosed last week that his department has man, was stuck with ·a bad-risk reputation every single person in the U.S. "In a very more than doubled the previous year's total in 1964, when the credit bureau of Greater short time everyone's life and history will be of 33 court-ordered taps, but this figure is Shreveport erroneously reported that his car available at the fiick of a computer button,'' next to meaningless. State and local police had been repossessed-and kept on reporting says Prof. Andre Moenssens of Chicago's also run their own taps: New York authori­ it despite three letters to the contrary from Kent College of Law. "We may end up With ties alone admit having had 191 of them last the Ford Motor Co. Sanders left Louisiana 1984 long before we actually get there." year. The Federal government, moreover, re­ and moved from Dallas to Waco to San An­ The traditional, largely unarticulated serves the right to tap secretly in the inter­ Anglo-American notion of privacy ha.s been tonio, dogged at every step by the bum credit ests of "national security," and nobody (not threatened repeatedly since the end of World even Hoover) has any idea how many phones rap. In San Antonio, when a Ford dealer re­ War II, not because Big Brother h'8.S been possessed a car simply because he had heard are bugged in all in violation of the law. The getting surlier but because the technology only real protection for personal privacy is about the earlier "repossession,'' Sanders has been getting more acrobatic. Three sep­ a spreading mistrust of telephones. sued him. But the dealer was a major id- arate information-gathering tools-elec- The advent of psychological testing was August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27575 another large postwar dubiety. It certainly ate subcommittee in 1969 that he was ex­ deadbeat mark goes down against a citizen's seemed a good idea for schools to screen the pected to complete sixteen investigations a name, it stays there, following him from state hordes of bright new faces for signs of emo­ day, allowing 10 to 15 minutes per file on to state, summon.able in as little time as tional trouble-if only to get help for those such questions as whether t-he subject is a fifteen seconds from the memory banks of who needed it. It also made apparent sense heavy drinker, whether he takes part in "rad­ the computers. What isn't summoned is the for employers to weed out the zanies before ical movements and demonstrations" and all-too-frequent explanation-that some­ they got on the payroll, if possible, and for other information of a highly subjective na­ body mixed up two names or forgot to re­ the Air Force to keep the Strangeloves out of ture. Despite the likelihood of errors, Retail cord a payment, or that the computers went SAC. All this the test-givers promised to be Credit has always done its best to prevent bonkers. able to do, as well as predicting which man subjects from correcting (or even seeing) With a few exceptions, the major credit could withstand stress, lead his troops their own dossiers. Until 1968, businesses or bureaus have resisted attempts at regula­ through a coffee break and stay out of trouble insurance companies had to promise not to tion, have decried the proposal that they send with his secretary. reveal where they got their information. After out copies of credit reports to those affected For a while the psychological accountants some embarrassing hearings before Gallagher, (as British companies are routinely required seemed ubiquitous, extending their services Retail Credit deleted that clause from its to do by law), and have discouraged anything beyond the scb.ools and business into govern­ contracts but wrote a letter with its new that would allow victims to come in and cor­ ment--where they ran into trouble. Congres­ contracts saying blandly: "We, of course, are rect their own files. While residents of Il­ sional bulldogs-notably Gallagher in the not suggesting any substantial departure linois can delete wrong information if they House and Sam Ervin of North Carolina in from established business practices. If people happen to hear about it--and the New York the Senate--began getting wind of tests in were sent to us indiscriminately, this would and California legislatures are considering which NASA employees were asked how often impose a considerable problem and need of similar "fair credit" bills-in most states the they shined their shoes and job applicants at additional time." bureaus still go unregulated and unchal­ two other agencies were quizzed on whether Some victims of these self-assured dossier lengeable. they had ever had sexual relations with ani­ companies have been scarred for life. Mike The miraculous speed and capacity of the mals. Form 89, a standard application blank, Goldgar, now 51, was chairman of two com­ computer are good for recording a great deal asked about bed-wetting; a State Department panies, including a string of Southern retail of information other than a man's credit­ secretary was called upon to discuss her own stores called Dejay Stores Inc., nine years card bill. The average American trails data constipation, if any, and possession by evil ago, when Dun and Bradstreet put out a behind him like spoor through the length of spirits. misleading credit report on him. When D&B his life--school records, health, tax and Partly as a result of this sort of exposure-­ continued t.o circulate the reports, Goldgar Army records, employment records, mortgage and partly from the discovery that psycho­ phoned the company president in New York­ and business records, marriage and divorce logical testing doesn't predict a man's per­ thereby calling down a vendetta on himself records, legal records, sometimes even a few formance terribly well-there has been a by infuriated D&B agents in Atlanta. A memo newspaper clippings. In earlier, less cluttered sharp curtailment of testing by government. saying "He really started something by call­ days, all these measurements of a man's per­ In addition, several state governments have ing Brackett" (D&B's president), went into formance were compartmentalized, scattered surrendered some important jurisdictions D&B files in Atlanta, and by the end of 1962 and most likely incomplete, and he could they used to assume--legal controls over the D&B had finished Goldgar. leave a bankruptcy or a nervous breakdown sexual lives of adult homosexuals, for exam­ When Goldgar took a Caribbean vacation, well behind him if he chose. The computer ple, are gradually being loosened, and abor­ Dun and Bradstreet hinted that he would complicates that. To demographers, sociol­ tion is rapidly becoming a private practice, not return. They wrote a false letter to New ogists, cops, statisticians and government not a crimin"3.l one. Largely because of Sam York University requesting information un­ planners of all kinds, the computer seemed Ervin's wrath, the executive branch of the der the guise of a "national security" check. to radiate a data-filled dream, an informa­ Federal government under Lyndon Johnson Finally they engineered a phony bankruptcy tional Valhalla in which everything that stopped twisting the arms of Federal em­ petition against Dejay, in effect ruining the was known about everybody would be con­ ployees to get them to buy savings bonds, company's reputation so thoroughly that it signed to one purring bank of magnetic tapes, and department heads stopped the practice really did go bankrupt in late 1962. Goldgar tended by the priests of computer systems of putting pressure on employees to give their and his companies sued and finally won analysis. This also happened to be a dream free hours to designated worthy causes. $6,610,000 when the case came to trial last that gave most libertarians and members of All of this represents a fairly enlightened year, but Goldgar's health is bad, his savings Congress the runaway tremblies, however, decade's work on the barricades of privacy­ are badly depleted, and Dun and Bradstreet and the proposal for a National Data Center and it leaves most persons that much less is still fighting the verdict in court. was fairly forcibly laid to rest in 1967. prepared for the massive flanking attack by Even without the sort of malice that came The matter is trickier than that. Even that much-paragraphed miracle worker and down on Goldgar, thousands of citizens are Ralph Nader, who pays for his hotel rooms friend, the electric computer. The computer harassed, humlliated and victimized by the by cash when he checks in rather than own itself is no enemy-merely an incredibly spa­ failure of computerized companies to keep up a credit card, speaks up for the government's cious, incredibly fast adding-machine-cum­ the human side of their rapidly expanding right to collect data. "With a complex society filing-system. Without it, the whole operations. An electronic billing error by a we can't make intelllgent policy decisions nation would have choked on paper by now­ credit-card company or an oil company in­ without information," he says. "We've got to or would have had to gear its prosperity evitably draws a protesting letter from the have data. The issue is to separate individual back to the number of business transactions customer, but these firms have clerical re­ names from simple data." With and without_ that could have been handled by nonelec­ sources for dealing with only a fraction separating the names, government on all tronic means. Computers are superefficient, of the complaints. So the questions go un­ levels has in fact been linking up computers in their way. Santa Clara County, Calif., in­ answered, the computers keep spinning out in many different departments and agencies. stalled a central computerized system for the same unjust bills (automatically en­ Twenty-five states exchange computerized county records, and found that certain prop­ closing ever rougher threats as time goes by) tax data with IRS; the National Crime Infor­ erty records were duplicated in no fewer than and finally the whole thing gets turned over mation Center runs a two-way information thirteen different county departments-at to collection agencies whose only function is flow with state police in 48 states and with who knows what cost. to get the money. One credit-card holder, a most large cities. The FBI also takes 25,000 Unhappily, it is the very speed and range 38-year-old Boston psychiatrist, just con­ reports a year from private credit bureaus, of the computer that has made it such a men­ cluded a three-year battle with a major and IRS the same number. "Government has ace. A computer can store--and call up at an credit-card company over an entirely greatly increased its use of computers," says instant's notice--billions of items of infor­ ectoplasmic $3,000 charge. The company's Professor Miller, "and they have pushed to­ mation, and this is equally true whether it agents telephoned the doctor scores of times ward compatibility. In point of fact, we do is doing high-speed calculations for astron­ while he was seeing patients, they sent a now have a National Data Center." omers or (through recently developed com­ threatening telegram and numerous dunning As critics feared, government everywhere puter "languages") keeping files on the per­ letters. Even after he hired a high-priced has been less than tender with the rights of sonal idiosyncracies of thousands of business lawyer, it took the lawyer eight months to get citizens in its files, especially in the essen­ employees. And it is the nature of an insti­ a straight reply from the company's lawyer­ tial matter of removing names from data. tution, government or private, to use this and even after the company acknowledged The FBI transmits "rap sheets"-criminal kind of capacity just because it's there, in that the whole three-year nightmare had bookings-between local and regional law­ a kind of spiral of self-justification. "As in­ been its fault, it weasled (until after a re­ enforcement centers and FBI headquarters. formation accumulates, the contents of an porter made inquiries) on paying the doc­ "Some 30 to 40 per cent of the FBI's rap individual's computerized dossier will appear tor's legal fees or promising him a written sheets show arrest records, but not reversals more and more impressive and will impart acknowledgement of its error. or court acquittals," says Arthur Miller. "As a heightened sense of reliability to the user,'' Although computer foul-ups at the credit­ far as the rap sheet is concerned, the man Professor Miller has written. "A computer­ card companies are common knowledge and has a record. And the way things work even ized file has a certain indelible quality." large in number (Newsweek Sept. 15, 1969~, now, credit bureaus can get their hands on Just how indelible is the stuff of hundreds local and regional credit bureaus routinely those rap sheets." Ironically enough, the one of contemporary horror stories. An agent for accept whatever information the credit-card government agency that has always been Atlanta's Retail Credit Co., the largest of tha companies give them-and the companies scrupulous in regard to privacy is the Census rent-a-dossier companies, testified to a Sen- never seem to acknowledge error. Once the Bureau, but even Census ran into heavy CXVI--1737-Part 20 27576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 criticism for its long list of questions this place where he "can resume his native stat­ and instructions fed into them. When the yea.r, notably the one about baithroom facil­ ure . . . a.way from the haughty state, the Bea.cbsllck Oil Co. sends you a wrong bill, ities. The criticism is perhaps a mark of the frown, the putting forth of the finger, and the reason is that the computer got fed a times; the question on plumbing is not only the oppressive policings of social order. He punch card carrying wrong informaition­ a valid one (it gives the best measure of the can open his collar there and can give vent either because the key-punch opera.tor made nation's standard of housing) but also ap­ to his own particular daydreams, his mutter­ a mistake or because he was misinformed. peared on the 1960 census without disturb­ ings and snatches of crazy song, his bursts When you then write back to protest, Bea.ch­ ing anyone at all. of obscenity and afHatus of glory." slick's keypunch opera.tors can only search State governments seem to be even less your envelope for your check-if any--e.nd fastidious than Washington. The California How To STOP WORRYING AND LOVE THE punch the am'<>ulllt you've sent in.Ito the ma­ Department of Motor Vehicles sells for 40 COMPUTER chine. The machine matches your payment cents an item to all comers most everything In an endearing little book called "The against what it had been told earlier you it knows about California autos and the Analytical Engine," published six years ago, owed; if you haven't paid up, the machine people who own them-name, address, age, the physicist and science writer Jeremy Bern­ spews out another bill the next month. All sex, physical description, marital status, stein recalled the career of Charles Babbage, your arguments fall on deaf ea.rs, because driving record, make and license of car, even a wondrous nineteenth-century English neither the computers nor the key-punch op­ whether the driver needs glasses. Eleven pri­ mathematician, engineer and genius of sorts erators have been programed to deal with vate California firms take space in the DMV who devised the cowcatcher and the speed­ them. building (three of them, including Bank of ometer and who once wrote to Lord Tenney­ Ploys: Still, you are not quite helpless. A America, rent-free), and some of them are son: "Sir, In your otherwise beautiful poem cabal of computer mathematicians at Har­ in the business of sort of pretending to be ['The Vision of Sin'] there is a verse which vard has worked out several ways of wiping state agencies-reselling 40 cents informa­ reads out the machines entirely, plus a. couple of tion for $2 an item. Auto-insurance com­ gentler ploys adaptable to general use. It panies also make enthusiastic use of these Every moment dies a man, does no good to jump up and down on the records. Every moment one is born. punch ca.rd in your golf shoes before you send it in, because the opera.tors will just Many private information-gathering agen­ It must be manifest that if this were true, cies are as slipshod as the worst government the population of the world would be at a punch another card. But, some dataphobes bureaus, of course, and some are a good bit standstill. In truth the rate of birth is slight­ suggest tearing the card in four pieces and more venal. One Chicago outfit, ca.Iled the ly in excess of that of death. I would suggest stapling it to the corner of a letter sent by American Security Council, keeps a card file that in the next edition of your poem you registered mail to Beachslick's president. More subtly, say the Harva.rdmen, you oa.n of 6 mlllion names, including "pea.ceniks, have it read- draftcard burners, pseudo-intellectuals"-a.11 simply make a. couple of random holes in the in all, according to its brochure, the "largest Every moment dies a man, punch ca.rd, exactly the same size and shape private collection on revolutionary activities Every moment 11A6 is born as the other holes, and send it baick as usual. The computer, they say, will check your al­ in America." (Maybe so, maybe not: the I am, Sir, yours, etc." Church League of America, based in Wheaton, tered card wt.th its own memory tape, will no­ Such a. man was heaven-sent to invent the tice the discrepancy and will get very nerv­ Ill., says it has a million more names on high-speed digital computer, and in fact file than ASC-a treasure trove including ous. If your friends are all doing the sa.me Babbage did his best. He spent the la.st four thing to their Bea.chslick punch card, so anyone who ever "wrote an article attacking decades of his life in a monomaniacal at­ and ridiculing a major doctrine of the Chris­ much the better. Move the extra holes tempt to build an Analytical Engine that around from month to month, say the think­ tian faith or the American way of life.") ASC could perform every single arithmetical func­ ls tax-exempt and abnormally respectable- ers; the idea is to create an impression of tion without any human guidance except the many random, nonpersistent errors in the 1ts members include National Airlines, Inc., feeding of instructions and the throwing of Sears, Roebuck and Co., Quaker Oats Co., at computer. Says one of the Harvards: "They'll the switch. For all the ungainliness of its get paranoid. Many random mistakes are the dues up to $1,500 a year-but its real business gears, levers and cranks, Babbage's ma.chine industry's Achilles' heel. This system will is blacklisting. "Some of our members have was almost unbelievably sophisticated. Like work to destroy them." contracts to the Department of Defense, and most modern computers, it was designed to they have to be able to show that they have It may even work so well that Beachslick have four interconnected parts---a. memory 011 will hire some rea.1 humanoids to answer done the proper checking on their employees bank, a computation section, a. control center your letters. before they a.re hired," says ASC administra­ and what we would call an input-output sys­ tive director William Lambie. Despite the tem. And the whole thing was to be pro­ damage it can do to purse and reputation, INVASION OF PRIVACY WORRIES 34 PERCENT: gramed with punch cards, a method that a POLL ASC refuses to let subjects see their files or Frenchman had devised to control the ma.­ correct mistakes. Says Lambie: "It would chine-weaving of rugs. (By Louis Ha.nis) drive us absolutely nuts if we had people Babbage's thinking had outraced the One in three Americans (34 per cent) feels coming in all the time to check their files." world's technology; what he really needed to that his privacy is being invaded, that peo­ All these public and private Everests of make his engine go, was the vacuum tube­ ple are trying to find out things about other unchecked, unchallenged and mostly unreg­ which wasn't invented until 1906. Even then, individuals that "are not any of their busi­ ulated personal records call out clearly the tube sat around unheeded by mathema­ ness." Heading the list of suspect practices enough for some sort of cogent set of stand­ ticians until the urgency of complex war a.re "computers which collect a lot of in­ ards and guidelines to operate by. "Even­ projects led them to try to put together a formation about me," "businesses which sell tually we have to set up an agency," says Sam ma.chine that would do huge computational things on credlit" and "the government when Ervin, "to regulate the computers llke the jobs at unprecedented speeds. The vacuum it collects tax returns." ICC regulates transportation-an agency that tube was ideal because its circuitry 1s The issue of the invasion of persona.I pri­ can regulate what goes in, who has access, changed from charged to uncharged, from vacy has become the subject Of Congressional standards for removing derogatory informa­ "one" to "zero,.. in a millionth of a investigations and widespread comment. It tion." A tough new bill in the House, spon­ second-and a large enough number of has been claimed that with growing com­ sored by Missouri Rep. Leonor Sullivan, these changes, in controlled sequence, could puter storage capabilities, dossiers on individ­ would correct many credit-bureau abuses, manage any computation. ENIAC I ap­ uals could in effect be kept on a whole but it may be too tough to get out of com­ peared in 1946, and Sperry Rand's UNIVAC roster of information, thus threatening basic mittee. Gallagher himself has two vigorous I made the computer famous when NBC used rights guaranteed under our system. bills before the House, but it would be a it on election night in 1952 (and called the A large majority of the public (62 per help in the meantime if his colleagues would result on the button). cent), however, does not share these aippre­ just vote him some money. He has fought Bits: In 1954, the world's first business hensions. The minority in a. nationwide cross the lone fight for privacy for five years on computer (a UNIVAC) was delivered; today section Of 1362 who expressed worry did so a single Congressional appropriation of $65,- the worldwide total is probably more than over a Widely diverse list of alleged invasion 000, the most economical campaign since 100,000 (two-thirds of them in the U.S.). of privacy, differing considerably among per­ Joshua's at Jerico. Several private institu­ Computers still deal only in two numbers­ sons in various walks of life. (The remaining tions have s·tudy projects going on the sub­ one or zero-but the giant new machines ap­ 4 per cent were "not sure.") ject-notably one headed by Columbia Uni­ proach speeds of 1 billion "bits" per second, The groups 1n the population who com­ versity Prof. Alan Westin for the National a. hundred thousand times faster than plain most of their privacy being violated Academy of Sciences. UNIV AC. Miniaturization bras enabled the can be found in the South, among men and It may be that privacy will turn out to be machines to store incredible amounts of in­ among those with the most education. Per­ an irresistibly clean political issue, like en­ formation on small magnetic disks or tape, sons in smaller towns tend to be concerned vironment. "A civil libertarian is just as and computer "languages" permit them to more than those in big cities. Here are some interested as a states'-rights man like Strom "talk" to human programmers on punch of the principal areas in which some Ameri­ Thurmond," says Arthur Miller hopefully. cards and to handle complex sequences of cans saiid that they felt their privacy was Whatever the politics, the essential nobillty instructions. being invaded: of the ca.use shines clearly enough. A man Computers almost never make mistakes One in five (19 per cent) ans;wered in the needs to know, as the late legal philosopher on their own, but they are helplessly de­ afiirmative to the question whether he felt Edmond Cahn wrote, that there is a private pendent on the reliab111ty of the information his privacy violaited by "computers which August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27577 collect a lot of informa.tion about you." Com­ tion for the strike leader when a back stant pressures from outraged citizens-­ puter data banks are a worry mainly among disorder took him out of negotiations. posed another problem. the affluent sector, those with a better edu­ A column by Richard Stewart, pub­ The chains 'feared they would be caught in cation who live In the suburbs. 2 in a squeeze between the union and non-union On the other hand, businesses which de­ lished August the Boston Globe, out­ growers and were reluctant to order the mand information before giving credit, a lines Senator KENNEDY'S role in ending grapes. One of the biggest chains in the Mid­ source of worry to a comparable 19 per cent, the strike. west, the Jewel Oo., refused to take any are singled out to a much larger degree by Mr. Speaker, I put Mr. Stewart's grapes. low-income whites and blacks. column in the RECORD at this point: But Kennedy initiated telephone calls to Peeping Toms, "people looking in your KENNEDY AsslsT FOB GRAPE PICKERS executives in several of the major chains windows," are a source of discomfort to 17 such as stop & Shop and A & P and they per cent of the public, but mostly to young (By Richard Stewart) eventually agreed to take grapes packed in women who live in cities and in suburban WASHINGTON.-Sen. Edward Kennedy has boxes with union labels. areas. quietly played a behind-the-scenes role as Enough markets have now opened to Highest concern about possible govern­ a mediator between the table grape growers union growers that this year grape growers ment prying through tax returns, singled and grape pickers in California. were able to make a small profit. out by 17 per cent, can be found among Partly through his efforts, a large percent­ The problem that remains is to educate those with higher incomes and older people. age of the grape growers in the state have the housewife to the fact that those grapes But "people listening in on your telephone now signed contracts with Cesar Chavez, she now sees on store counters can be bought conversations," suspected by 16 per cent of grape pickers allowing for collective bargain­ without any moral pangs. the public, ls most worrisome to young people ing, raising wages and contributing to health And if she isn't sure, she can always ask. who live in rural areas where party lines and welfare funds. Kennedy aided Chavez again in June dur­ are stlll used. Through his contacts in the business ing a strike by Ohavez forces against the -The U.S. Census, which ls being taken community, Kennedy has also encouraged cantaloupe growers. this year, is Viewed as an invasion of privacy several of the major food chains to once The strike was being nullified because by 14 per cent of the public, but ls partic­ again display on their counters the table Mexican laborers were being used to harvest ularly a concern of Negroes and persons who grapes that are shipped in boxes marked with the crop despite the fact that the state of live in small towns. union labels. California had certlfled that a labor dispute -Public opinion poll-takers are thought The key to whatever success can be at­ was in progress. to be a threat to rrivacy by one in ten, but tributed to Kennedy's work in the negotia­ Chavez enlisted Kennedy's aid to block the particularly trouble Southerners atD.d voters tions ls the fact that he had friends on both use of the Mexican "scab" workers. who classify themselves as independent in sides of the issue. Kennedy called the Immigration depart­ their politics. One was Chavez himself. When Chavez was ment and within one hour every port of -Social Security forms worry 8 per cent bedridden with back problems and unable to entry from Mexico was closed to Mexicans of the public, but are believed by blacks to take an active role in the grape strike, Ken­ destined for the cantaloupe fields. be an invasion of privacy much more than nedy dispatched Dr. Janet Travell, former among white people. physician to President Kennedy, who got To determine specific concerns over pri­ Chavez back on his feet. vacy, people were asked: "Do you feel your The other was one of the state's biggest, privacy is being violated by the following?" and most successful table grape growers TEACHER'S DAY ESTABLISHED Lionel Steinberg of Riverside, Calif. Stein­ SPECIFIC VIOLATION OF PRIVACY berg, a Democrat, had been active in Presi­ HON. DON EDWARDS (In percent) dent John Kennedy's election campaign in 1960. OF CALIFORNIA It was Steinberg, who had long felt that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Is Not Not the grape pickers had a right to collective violated violated sure bargaining, who first enlisted Kennedy's aid Wednesday, August 5, 1970 in May, 1969. But that initial effort failed Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. Computers which collect a when some of the pickers feared that a con­ Speaker, perhaps the most significant youlot of ______information about tract signing with only 10 growers might 19 71 10 fact.or in the future of our Nation is Business which sells you give the public the impression that the grape education. Teachers play a major role 1n things on credit______19 75 5 boycott was over. Chavez never did attend The Government when it the month-long negotiations with a Federal shaping the thoughts, ideals, and goals collects tax returns ______17 79 4 of our youth; they shall, to that extent, People looking in your mediator. windows ______------17 80 3 This sprtng, Steinberg decided to try to determine the direction of our society. People listening into your make a break-through on his own and en­ The city of San Jose and the Santa telephone conversations ___ 15 81 4 listed Kennedy's aid.for a second time. Ken­ Clara County Board of Supervisors have Pegt~~e~~:~ro~a:i:ft~~~~er nedy appealed to Chavez to negotiate with made a significant gesture toward the people __ ----- ____ ------15 81 4 Steinberg alone. recognition of the critical role played by The Government when it At 3 a.m. on March 30, Steinberg and takes a census ______14 84 2 Chavez signed the first table grape growers teachers in our society by setting aside Employment interviewers ____ 11 83 6 a day to honor our teachers for the con­ Neighbors who gossip about contract with labor. your family ______10 86 4 Reached at his Callfornla oftlce, Steinberg tributions they are making to our na­ Public opinion polltakers ____ 10 86 4 acknowledged Kennedy's role in the dispute. tional welfare every day of the year. The Government when He said "Kennedy's knowledge of me and The following are the resolutions cardsfilling ______out social security 8 86 6 hls understanding of the background in the passed by these bodies setting aside Sep­ Hotel and motel phone strike probably contributed to Chavez' inter­ operators ______--- 80 14 est. He also established my credibillty with tember 28, 1970 as "Teacher's Day:" Peoplework over______you in your Chavez." TEACHER'S DAY COMMITTEE, 5 90 5 Steinberg said Cong. John Tunney (D­ San Jose, Calf./. Calif.) also figured in getting both sides Mr. EDwABDs: Here are two copies of proc­ together. la.ma.tl.ons by city & county. If you do not SENATOR KENNEDY'S ROLE IN Soon two or three other growers agreed to already have and would like additional in­ SETTLING THE GRAPE STRIKE sign and by the end of the growing season formation, please let me know. last month about 85 percent of the growers SUE HUGHES, ln the Coachella Valley in Riverside County Teacher's Day Coordinator. HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND had signed labor contracts. OF MASSACHUSETTS Chavez• grape strike, Steinberg acknowl­ PROCLAMATION OF THE CrrY OF SAN JOSE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES edged, was "the most effective boycott in Whereas, Teachers are the engineers of the labor history." It had destroyed the Eastern future of our nation, who are entrusted with Wednesday, August 5, 1970 markets at a time when lnflation had im­ the important job of formula.ting the Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, Senator posed a cost-price squeeze on the growers. thoughts and ideals that help determine the EDWARD M. KENNEDY'S work in achieving The combination of the two had reduced future of our children; and an amicable settlement t.o the Califomia the number of table grape growers from 250 Whereas, They are responsible for the guid­ in 1963 to 85 in 1969 and reduced the grow­ ance and direction influencing the desires, grape strike is just now becoming public ing acreage from 13,000 to 8000 acres. ambitions and goals of young minds; and knowledge. Senator KENNEDY'S contribu­ Another 700 acres have been taken out of Whereas, Because of the great responsibil­ tions were many, ranging from getting production this year. ity facing teachers, we feel that recogn.ltion grapes back on the shelves of chain Convincing the large chain stores to once for their outstanding work among the young supermarkets to providing medical atten- again sell the grapes--they were under con- people of today is long overdue; 27578 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 Now, therefore, I, Ronald R. James, Mayor for the orchestra's overseas plane had been in Cleveland, but in his search for musical of the Oity of San Jose, do hereby proclaim three hours late the night before, then landed truth he felt it was necessary. September 28, 1970, as "Teacher's Day" and at another city, requiring a two or three­ Finally, there is Blossom Music Center­ urged the citizens of San Jose to recognize hour bus ride into the small hours. the great physical monument to Szell the the contribution that teachers are making to Even so, he fielded the questions grace­ music builder. It was just two years and 10 our national welfare. fully. Whenever a question came along that days before his death that he conducted the Involved a value judgment of his own work, opening concert in what has been described RESOLUTION OF THE SANTA CLARA COUNTY he defltly avoided it by referring to some­ as the most sophisticated summer music BOARD OF SUPERVISORS one else in the Cleveland party. pavilion in the world. Whereas, the teachers in our public and He appeared to be in particularly good It is a fitting house for the orchestra that private schools have the Immense respon­ form for the opening Japanese concert in the Szell built. sibility in our society of educating the youth; Osaka Festival Hall. It went well, as has George Szell died on a Thursday night­ and been reported, and this was reflected In his the orchestra's big night of the week-while Whereas, the quality of this education Is demeanor as the concert drew to a close. his men were performing at Blossom. primarily dependent on the ability and dedi­ As he came back for enoores and bow after Even in death, George Szell was the master cation of the teachers. bow he was delighted that his orchestra had of precision and timing. Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Board moved the usually stolid Japanese to a of Supervisors of the County of Santa Clara standing ovation. [From the Plain Dealer, Friday, July 31, 1970] that it does hereby proclaim September 28, It was a good sign, he said after the con­ FEAR, ADMmATION, AwE STmRED BY 1970 as Teachers Day in order that this com­ cert, that the tour would be an artistic suc­ SZELL'S BATON munity may honor its teachers. cess, which it was. Dr. George Szell was the last of the old Thus George Szell goes to his reward, the maestros. He was the last survivor of the sound of his success and that of the orches­ Beecham-Koussefitzky Reiner-Toscanini gen­ tra almost literally still ringing in his ears. eration of stern orchestral disciplinarians It was a success he carefully masterminded GEORGE SZELL-1897-1970 who earned from their players admiration for for the orchestra during his 24 years here. their musicianship along with fear, respect A grateful Cleveland which watched him and awe for their tempers. change a fine orchestra into a great one Dr. Szell was born in Budapest June 7, HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL will indeed miss him. OF OHIO 1897, to an upper middle-class Hungarian­ Slovakian couple. His father was head of a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES GEORGE SZELL-A MASTER BUILDER company that provided private-police protec­ Wednesday, August 5, 1970 (By Jim Frankel) tion for the city's gentry. George Szell was a builder in both the His interest in music showed early. It was Mr. MINSHALL. Mr. Speaker, the spiritual and physiool senses. His particular said that at four he would slap his mother's greatest conductor since Toscanini is gift was his ability to do both so well. wrist when she struck a wrong note on the dead. George Szell has joined those mu­ On coming to Cleveland in 1946 his first piano. It is certain that he began serious sical immortals whose heart.strings are a task was to rebuild the orchestra, which had study at 7, and soon was known by the ad­ lute. He had only to raise his baton to been experiencing instability following the miring nickname of "The New Mozart." erase for his listeners, through the magic departure of Artur Rodzinski. He studied in Vienna and Liepzig with But painstakingly and, perhaps to some, such greats as pianist Richard Robert and of music, the sorrows and troubles of the ruthlessly, he built a new orchestra man for composer Max Reger. One of his fellow stu­ world. man. dents under Robert was the youthful Rudolf Tributes in many languages and from He expected virtuoso performances from Serkin, who later became a favorite Szell men and women in all walks of life are each player, because only through superb partner in concerto performances. pouring in to honor George Szell's mem­ musicianship could he faithfully convey a Szell made numerous public appearances ory. We in Cleveland who took such tre­ composer's intentions to the listener. as a child prodigy pianist and already was mendous pride in having this man of And thus the Cleveland Orchestra began beginning to compose music, too. Then one to acquire the reputation it has today. summer when he was 16 he was at the sum­ genius in our midst find it difficult to "The so-called Cleveland sound is a homo­ mer resort of Bad Kissingen when the con­ reconcile ourselves to the loss of one who geneous, chamber-music sound-a classically ductor of the visiting Vienna Symphony fell made music a rampart against the ca­ noble string tone perfectly blended with ill. The young Szell, who had been hanging cophony of these strife-filled times. singing woodwinds and exquisitely clear around the orchestra, was asked to conduct. Both of our Cleveland newspapers have brasses," wrote Joseph Wechsberg in the New He did, and continued for more than 57 years. been eloquent in honoring his memory. I Yorker magazine two months ago. It was composer Richard Strauss who per­ am pleased to associate my own sense "Szell has so forcefully emphasized lucid suaded the teen-age Szell to take up con­ phrasing and clear articulation that these ducting as a career. Strauss also opened doors of bereavement with their impressive have become second nature for his orches­ for him, securing for him his first post as eulogies: tra,'' Wechsberg added. conductor at Strasbourg in 1917. There fol­ [From the Cleveland Press, July 31, 1970] The passion th.at guided Szell was the lowed posts in Darmstadt, Dusseldorf and SZELL LET MUSIC SPEAK FOR HIM highest fidelity to the composer's truth. He finally Prague. (By Frank Hruby) never ceased studying scores, always search­ Most of his own compositions date from ing scores, always searching for the essence those days. There was a symphony, lyric We heard of George Szell's de3.th as we of the composer's meaning. It was a rare overture, piano quintet, rondo for piano and drove home from Blossom Music Center last combination of intellectual power and emo­ orchestra (which he played in public at the night where the Cleveland Orchestra under tional sensitivity. age of 11) and, most notably, a set of varia­ his colleague, Pierre Boulez, had just com­ This was Szell, the spiritual builder. tions for orchestra on an original theme (his pleted another of its Blossom Festival con­ But George Szell also ·was canny enough wife later was to call this one "very Straus­ certs. to know that good music needed audiences, sian and well put together.") It seemed unbelievable that the man who and that to build audiences, organization Szell reached the conducting big leagues had put Cleveland on the musical map of was important. with a post as assistant conductor at the the world and who had been so very active After succeeding in fashioning his vast Berlin State Opera, which he held from 1924 until just a few weeks before his death, was symphonic instrument, he decided a perm­ to 1929. In 1927 he began teaching in Berlin's gone. anent chorus was necessary. So he imported Hochschule 1ur Musik, and was, st the same My last conversation with him, one of sev­ the nation's top choral conductor, Robert time, guest conducting all over Europe. eral during the orchestra's concert tour of Shaw, who developed the Cleveland Orches­ His career as a pianist had not been neg­ J apan in May, was typical both of his di­ tra Chorus. This expanded the repertoire, lected. At 17 he had played the Beethoven rectness and his confidence that his music added glamour and musical excitement-and "Emperor" Concerto with the Berlin Phil­ would speak for itself. produced sell-out crowds. harmonic and he was becoming increasingly As we stood in the lobby of the Hotel Then there was the interior of Severance known as a Mozart player. Osaka Grande (I was about to leave for Hall. Accoustically it was unacceptable to In 1929 he a.ccepted a post as head of the Cleveland while the orchestra finished its Szell in the age of phonographic high fidel­ Prague German Opera and held it for eight tour) I asked him if he had a word or two ity. So the faded blue carpet was removed years, gradually widening his guest conduct­ for his public back home. and the stage reshaped so the sound of ing appearances. He had made his American "No," he replied without a moment's hesi­ music would have the highest fidelity pos­ debut in 1930 as guest with the St. Louis tation, "your reviews Of the orchestra and sibie. It was a wondrous change. Symphony. its reception here will say all that is neces­ Szell also was mindful of the next genera­ Like so many other German musicians, sary. tion. He felt that the children deserved the Szell felt the political pressure building up In his last press conferenc~ln front of same high standards as he set for adults. with the rise of Hitler to power. He went about 15 Japanese newspapermen and an­ So he changed the leadership of the famed to Glasgow in 1937 to assume leadership of other 10 photographers--he appeared some­ children's concerts. the Scottish Orchestra, and never lived yea.r­ what tired. But then, so did everyone else, This was one of Szell's more painful acts round in Germany again. (He never saw his August 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27579

parents again, either. Presumably they died the orchestra's well-respected fl.rs~ oboe, Boulez have been suggested, but both ap­ in a Nazi concentration camp, since the Marc Lifschey, after a rehearsal spat over pear to be fully occupied with their own in­ Szells were Jewish) . Lifschey's intonation. ternational careers. The Scottish Orchestra disbanded after Szell sometimes was criticized for the con­ Szell had been extremely active over the about a year, and Szell spent the 1938-39 servative cast of his progra.InS. He had, in his years as a recording artist and he leaves a season conducting in Australia. He drifted time, conducted a good deal of modern mu­ rich legacy of recordings with the Cleveland back to the United States and was marooned sic, including the world premieres of operas Orchestra, the London Philharmonic, Vienna there by the start of World War II. like Rolf Liebermann's "Penelope" and Wener Philharmonic, London Symphony, Czech These were lean years for the Szells. He Egk's "Irish Legend", but he always relied Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic, Ber­ llad married Helene Schulz in 1938. It was heavily on the 19th-century Central Euro­ lin Philharmonic, the Concertgebouw of Am­ his second marriage, a previous one having pean classics of Beethoven, Brahms, Dvorak sterdam and other groups. A prized rarity of ended iri. separation. and the like. many collectors is a recording of two Mozart To keep alive Dr. Szell accepted a teaching He once declared that it was his specialty piano quartets in which Szell appears as job in the opera workshop of New York's not to have any specialty, but always to pianist with members of the former Buda­ New School for Social Research and also adapt himself completely to the intentions pest String Quartet. taught theory at the Mannes College of of whatever composer was before him. Once David Wooldridge, in his 1970 book "Con­ Music. he remarked happily, "Every day new peo­ ductor's World," calls Szell "a musician to His big break came when Toscanini in­ ple come to life who have never heard whom all compromise is utterly alien ... . vited him to guest conduct the NBC Sym­ Beethoven's Fifth. They are a small benefit But for all his dispassionate objectivity, phony. It was the first ru;signment in Amer­ of the population explosion." there is about Szell a quality of the Intel­ ica to match Szell's growing international Artists who played with and under him lectual which is very engaging, and he will stature. From that point his career traveled testify unanimously to his complete mu­ on occasion permit himself a certain dry in an uninterrupted upward path. sicianship. A magazine once characterized humor which betrays a sharp sense of wit." H1s next big break was his debut on the him thus: "He remains an Old World per­ Perhaps the shrewdest summing-up of the podium of the Metropolitan Opera House. sonality, bridging two cultures and finding Szell impact was made in this sentence by The opera was "Salome" by his former pa.­ imperfect footing in the new one whenever former Plain Dealer music critic Herbert El­ tron, Strauss. The date was Dec. 9, 1942. He he runs into anyone less serious and dedi­ well: "His reputation for being a severe dis­ stayed at the Met for four years, giving wide­ cated than he is himself." ciplinarian has not brought him the kind of ly acclaimed readings of Wagner and Strauss, He made a specialty of sight-reading at affection received by personalities of a warm­ plus fine performances of "Boris Godou­ the piano the full orchestral scores of new er, more lenient nature, but nobody ever noff," "Don Giovanni" and "Otello." music, a feat he drilled into the young con­ achieved distinction without rigorous stand- In 1946 when Erich Leinsdorf, after com­ ductors he brought to Severance Hall for ards." · pleting his Army service, decided not to seek training. reappointment as conductor of the Cleveland Each spring, as soon as the Cleveland sea­ SZELL'S DEATH CALLED Loss TO Musrc WORLD Orchestra, Dr. Szell, who had made a deep son ended, Szell would head for Europe where Clevelanders last night mourned the death impression in guest appearances during he mixed golf and relaxation with a few of Cleveland Orchestra director George Szell. Leinsdorf's absence, was offered and took guest conducting appearances. By arrange­ "The world of music has lost a great mas­ the job. He left the Met's regular staff, ment with a string of hotels on the continent ter," said Frank E. Joseph, chairman of the though he continued guest appearances he got the same rooms each summer. For Musical Arts Association, who was with Dr. there until 1954. years he was a summer fixture at the famed Salzburg Festival. Szell when he died at the Hanna House of He saw the Cleveland position as an op­ University Hospitals. portunity to take a good orchestra and mold Dr. Szell became an American citizen in 1946 and a resident of Shaker Heights in "The Cleveland Orchestra has lost a great it into exactly the type of ensemble he al­ conductor and I have lost a great friend." ways had dreamed about. 1951. He enjoyed cooking, but found little time for it, and liked to refer to himself Thomas Vail, publisher and editor of The This he proceeded to do after first de­ Plain Dealer said, "Dr. Szell was a giant in manding and getting complete artistic carte as a "suburbanite" and a Clevelander. Said the world of music and was the principal blanche from the orchestra's board. He in­ he once: "We musicians are very fortunate, architect in making a fabulous orchestra one creased the group's size over the years from for we make our living doing the thing we like best to do." of the greatest In the world. 82 to 110 and relentlessly drove it until it "His death will be deeply felt but the broke into the Boston-New York-Philadel­ When Szell took over the Cleveland Or­ orchestra he helped to build is so great that phia axis of America's top orchestras. He chestra there were many who felt Cleveland would be a mere stepping-stone to the con­ it will continue on its high level as a tribute lengthened the Winter season from 18 to 26 to him and to the people of Cleveland who weeks and bro:ught to the orchestra the Szell ductorship of the New York Philharmonic. His frequent and lengthy guest conducting supported him." hallmarks of absolute clarity of texture, per­ Mayor Carl B. Stokes said he was "deeply fect balance among the choirs and :fidelity to engagements with that orchestra and the fact that he maintained an apartment in saddened by the death of one of Cleveland's the printed note. finest and most renowned citizens." Stories about his temper are legion-and New York kept that rumor alive during his many of them are true. His career path was entire Cleveland tenure. Stokes said "the loss of Dr. Szell ls most marked by squabbles and the acid comments But he enjoyed nothing more than show­ tragic, not only for this city which drew of those who had run afoul of him. His final ing off his Clevelanders to sellout crowds of (upon) his talents and became internation­ break with the Metropolitan in 1954 was cheering New Yorkers on annual Eastern ally recognized as the home of the world's typical. He simply sent a lette:- to Rudolf tours. When Leonard Bernstein resigned as finest orchestra, but also to the world of Bing stating that under "present condi­ conductor of the Philharmonic, Szell's name classical music in which he so magnificently tions" he did not wish to continue there, figured prominently in gossip about a succes­ performed." and that was that. The exact nature of the sor. Szell did consent to become interim mu­ The mayor said "the heritage he has left "conditions" never was explained publicly, sical adviser to the Philharmonic pending se­ us in musical enrichment will be an ever­ but the break-off has been held up by critics lection of Bernstein's successor, but he never lasting monument to this city and to his of the Met as a perfect example of the com­ wanted the top job itself. It eventually went memory." pany's failure to retain top-flight conduc­ to Pierre Boulez, who also held the con­ "I'm sure we all realize this ls a great tors. current title of principal guest conductor in loss not only to Cleveland but to the entire Someone once remarked to Bing that Cleveland. world," said Francis A. Coy, president of the "George Szell is his own worst enemy." Szell led the Cleveland Orchestra on four May Co. and a member of the board of trus­ "Not while I'm alive," the quick-witted triumphant foreign tours-in 1957, 1965, 1967 tees of the Musical Arts Association. "I'm Met Opera manager replied. and 1970. The greatest of these was the 1965 going to miss him as a warm friend and an In 1962 Szell started a transcontinental trip, a 10¥2-week journey through Russia outstanding figure in the musical world." feud by abruptly breaking off a guest con­ and Europe. The three-week 1970 tour earned "It's almost like living In 1865 when some­ ducting stint in San Francisco and denounc­ the orchestra great acclaim in music-hungry one asks you about Lincoln's assassination," ing the city's cultural climate ("the worst Japan at the Osaka World's Fair. said Walter M. Halle, board chairman of the I have seen in 50 years as a conductor.") In his early years in Cleveland Szell made Halle Bros. Co., and Musical Arts trustee. When culture-proud New York asked his many public appearances as a pianist, but "This is one of the greatest losses to this opinion of the then spanking-new Philhar­ these were abandoned after about the mid­ community in its cultural area that we've monic Hall, he called it "an insult to music" dle 50s. Then in 1968 he suddenly appeared had. He's a loss to the world as much as he and suggested it be torn down. He once as pianist on a widely-acclaimed recording is a loss to Cleveland. halted a concert at Severance Hall in mid­ of Mozart sonatas with violinist Rafael Dru­ "He has a most extraordinary influence measure and scolded his audience for cough­ ian, his concertmaster at that time. The rec­ from every point of view. His great forte was ing too much. Only when the coughing sub­ ord showed that his gifts as a pianist were understanding and transmitting that under­ sided did he start over. He once caused a intact. standing through his music. He had a way of minor flurry at Severance by condemning as Szell 's complete command of the Cleveland imparting this to people he was directing "trash" the music played at concerts for Orchestra muted any talk of a.n eventual which was unique in his field." school children. · successor. At various times in recent years "It will be a terrible job to fill his place," He did not hesitate to fire, on the spot, th~ names of Stanislaw Skrowaczewski and said Walter K. Bailey, vice president of the 27580 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 5, 1970 Musical Art.s Association. "It's a great loss to phia Orchestra of Beethoven's Ninth Sym­ :findings from the inspection trip to the orchestra and to the city." phony at Saratoga, N.Y. Will be dedicated to President Nixon who immediately labeled Szell, Stanislaw Skrowa.czewskl will conduct. the area a national disaster area en­ SZELL: HE TASTED GREATNESS Eugene Ormandy learned of Szell's death abling the people in and around Corpus Few men did more to enhance Cleve­ after conducting the Philadelphia Orches­ Christi to benefit from all of the Federal land's reputation than did the late George tra at Sara.toga last night. Friends say Or­ Szell. To many people around the world he ~dy took the news very hard and had a Government's disaster assistance pro­ and the Cleveland Orchestra symbolized the d1fllcu1t night because of It. grams. city. Ormandy said today, "The world has lost Further, Secretary Stans contacted Szell brought musical greatness to Cleve­ one of the great musicians, one of the great Secretary Romney who dispatched HUD land and he put that greatness on display conductors and one of the great intellectuals personnel to the site to help with the every time he stepped on the conductor's of our time. And I personally have lost a dear friend." housing shortage and dislocations ensu­ podium in Severance Hall or in a concert hall ing from the disaster. anywhere. Former secretary of state Dean Rusk said, Of all Cleveland's attractions, its sym­ "The loss of George Szell is a grievous one, Mr. Speaker, the purpose of my re­ phony orchestra. has ranked among the high­ not only for the people of the United States marks today is to commend these two est. Szell, more than any other person, was but for the entire world. He and his or­ men and their agencies for the speed responsible for this standard of excellence. chestra gave us an unforgettable evening in with which they responded to the needS His reputation was that of a stern task­ Washington when he came to help celebrate of the people in the Corpus Christi area master, a demanding conductor who would United Nations Day. It was only one of many rich contributions he made to the in this emergency situation. Needless to settle for nothing less than the best. This say, other agencies of the Federal Gov­ approach did not win him endearment, but it life ext this nation." resulted in musical perfection. His flawless "The world of mus4c has lost a great mas­ ernment, such as the Coast Guard and ter. The Cleveland Orchestra has lost a great -the Treasury Department, are doing a craftsmanship was widely admired. conductor. And I have lost a great friend," In his 24 seasons as conductor of the remarkable job in aiding victims in the Cleveland Orchestra, Szell rebuilt the en­ said Frank E. Joseph, president of the Musical area. But, these two agencies-Com­ semble according to his own rigorous speci­ Arts Assn. merce and SBA-gave, it seems me, "We are all extremely saddened," said As­ to fications. Before coming here in 1946, he al­ socia.te Conductor Louis Lane. exceptional assistance to the situation, ready had earned acclaim in his native Eu­ "What Dr. Szell has mea.nt to us as in­ at the very highest level, which I feel rope as a conductor and pianist. dividuals will certainly be something we should be given recognition by the Con­ Szell represented a link with the great will want to live up to as long as we play," gress and by the people of Texas. maestros of the past. He was part of a gen­ said Concertmaster Daniel Majeske. eration of musical giants who have all but "Dr. Szell's death means a great loss to disappeared. His own career as a conductor the world of music; also, I have lost per­ ACCENTUATING PARENTAL was very much lnftuenced by the famous sonally a good friend," sal1d. Pierre Boulez, RESPONSIBILITY composer Richard Strauss, who helped him the orchestra's principal guest conductor. get his first position. "He helped my conducting career greatly." Szell will be best remembered for what Boulez ls now conductor of the New York HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK he leaves behind-the Cleveland Orchestra. Philharmonic. Seldom has a richer legacy been left to a OF OHIO city. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, August 5, 1970 (From the Cleveland Press, July 31, 1970] HURRICANE CELIA PullLIC SERVICE TO PAY TRIBUTE TO GEORGE Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, to cope SZELL HON. GEORGE BUSH with the problem of an increasing crime As a crescendo of tributes to George Szell OF TEXAS rate among the young, the suggestion has been made from time to time that the from the world's musd.oal grea.ts were pour­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing into Cleveland today, plans for a pwbllo parents be held legally responsible for memoriail service Monday at 4 p.m. at Sever­ Wednesday, August 5, 1970 the violations of their offspring. One a.nee Hall were being made. Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, I think every­ community, Madison Heights, Mich., a Words oif sorrow were eXpt"essed today by suburb of Detroit, has enacted such suoh music notables as Leona.rd Bernstein, one in this room should commend the a Pt.ielU"e Boulez, William Stein:berg and Eugene Federal Government for the action it law, and to date the results are prom­ Ormand.y. took in responding to the emergency sit­ ising. The full Cleveland Orohestr'a, whioh Szell uation created in Corpus Christi, Tex., by The Baltimore Sun of August 1 car­ so fiawlessly maneuvered to world fame, will Hurricane Celia. ried an Associated Press story on the play a.t the mem.~La.J. service. At the time the hurricane struck, Sec­ new approach in Madison Heights which The Szell funeral and burial will be private,. retary of Commerce Stans, Small Busi­ I am inserting at this point in the and the family has suggested donations to RECORD: the orohesitra's pension fund instead o! ness Administration Administrator San­ flowers. doval, and Chairman Castillo of the Cab­ JAIL THREAT TO PARENTS CUTS YOUTH ClUJ.m Dr. Srell, 73, died a.t 9:50 last night a.t Uni­ inet Committee on Opportunity for the MADISON HEIGHTS, MICH., July 31.-Police versLty Hoopitals where he had been under Spanish Speaking were in El Paso, Tex., are getting better co-operation from parents treatment for a heart aitroack. attending a conference on minority busi­ and the number of youthful repeat-offenders Though it was known that he had been lll ness enterprise. President Nixon ap­ seems to have dropped since passage of a law since returning With the orchestra from a ma.king parents legally responsible if their triumphant concerl tour ln Japan, news of pointed Secretary Stans and Administra­ children commit two crimes a year, say offi­ bis death while the orchestra was playing wt tor Sandoval as his special emissaries cials of this Detroit suburb. Blossom Center last night stunned musd.ca.l and they were among the first to reach Upon conviction, parents can be given a circles. the scene. maximum penalty of 90 days in jail and a William Steinberg, the 71-yea.r-old conduc­ Mr. Sandoval immediately declared the $500 fine. tor Off the Boston Symphony said, "The music area an SBA disaster area. He called 75 No parents in the middle-income commu­ world has suffered a great loss in the passing people to the scene from other SBA of­ nity have been prosecuted since the law was of George Szell, who was my life-long friend In passed in J

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, August 6, 1970 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. 332, the Chair appoints as members of oath in a public hearing by an inde­ The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, the National Parks Centennial Commis­ pendently and objectively minded com­ D.D., offered the following prayer: sion the following members on the part mittee. I hope this body will act to see Be strong in the Lord and in the power of the House: i\1r. ROGERS of Colorado, that this is done without further delay. of his might.-Ephesians 6: 10. Mr. OLSEN, Mr. SAYLOR, and Mr. SKUBITZ. O God and Father of us all, we thank LEGISLATIVE REORGANIZATION Thee for our homes and pray that Thou APPOINTMENT OF MEMBER TO ACT OF 1970 wilt bless all who live within our family THE BOARD OF VISITORS, U.S. (Mr. SCHWENGEL asked and was circles. We are grateful for Thy mer­ COAST GUARD ACADEMY cies which daily attend our days, for given permission to address the House food, clothing, and shelter, for the The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend warmth of our affections and for the ties visions of 14 United States Code 194(a), his remarks.> that bind us together. the Chair appoints as a member of the Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, I rise Help us so to live each day and so to Board of Visitors to the U.S. Coast Guard to indicate my concern over the progress love one another that we may never be Academy the gentleman from Connecti­ made to date with respect to the Legis­ afraid or ashamed but always may our cut (Mr. MONAGAN) to fill the existing lative Reorganization Act of 1970. While vacancy thereon. I certainly do not want to prejudge the hearts be happy, our thoughts good, our progress we will make next week, our words gentle, our deeds genuine, and our record last week and this week was not hands ready to help. THE INVESTIGATION OF ASSOCIATE good, considering the importance of this Daily renew our strength, replenish JUSTICE WILLIAM 0. DOUGLAS legislation. our love and restore our faith that we The subcommittee chaired by the gen­ may face life bravely because we face it (Mr. WYMAN asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 tleman from California (Mr. SISK) and together. As we come to family reunion our colleague Mr. SMITH of California, day this Sunday deepen our love for one minute, and to revise and extend his re­ marks and include extraneous material.) have labored long and hard to bring this another and for Thee that love may reign bill to the floor. The debate so far has in every room in our hearts and rule in Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, in a pub­ lic account of the first 60 days' activities been full, fair, and constructive. How­ every room in our homes. ever, I would hope that we would not let In Thy Holy Name we pray. Amen. of the House Judiciary Subcommittee chaired by the gentleman from New the initiative for true reform be lost by York (Mr. CELLER), charged with the in­ dragging out our discussions over a pro­ THE JOURNAL vestigation of certain allegations con­ longed period of time. cerning activities of Associate Justice of Mr. Speaker, it would be my hope that The Journal of the proceedings of we will devote the major portion next yesterday was read and approved. the Supreme Court Douglas, for some reason failed to include an outline of week to the passage of meaningful con­ recommended procedures submitted by gressional reform bill. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE me in May specifically in response to A message from the Senate, by Mr. Ar­ prior request by Chairman CELLER. THE PRINCIPAL FIGURE IN THE rington, one of its clerks, announced Inasmuch as the Celler subcommittee BOOK "THE REAL MAJORITY" that the Senate agrees to the report of has now made this report public, I am (H.R. 16915) entitled "An act making To this day it appears that this sub­ Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ appropriations for the legislative branch committee has failed to call a single wit­ trigued by the interest generated by the for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, ness, or to take a single word of testi­ new book, "The Real Majority,'' coau­ and for other purposes." mony under oath. thored by Richard Scammon and Ben The message also announced that the Conceived in deceit in that the resolu­ Wattenberg. Senate concurred in House amendments tion that it is operating under was of­ Several noted pundits, including Stew­ to Senate amendments numbered 23, 32, fered as a palpable subterfuge, to avoid art Alsop, Richard Harwood, Frank Man­ and 35 to the foregoing bill. House Resolution 922 and companion res­ kiewicz, and Tom Braden, have referred The message also announced that the olutions containing cosponsors this so­ to the principal figures in this book, a Senate agrees to the report of the com­ called investigation by the Celler sub­ "47-year-old housewife from the out­ mittee of conference on the disagreeing committee makes a mockery of the re­ skirts of Dayton, Ohio, whose husband is votes of the two Houses on the amend­ sponsibilities of this House to meaning­ a machinist." ments of the House to the bill CS. 1076) fully investigate impeachments. Since this lady resides in my congres­ entitled "An act to establish a pilot pro­ Yesterday the chairman announced sional district, I took the liberty of check­ gram in the Departments of the Interior that there were going to be three phases ing her political alliance. I am informed, and Agriculture designated as the Youth to the investigation, and that phase I Mr. Speaker, by the board of elections Conservation Corps, and for other pur­ had been concluded. that she is not registered and therefore, poses." This phase staging is a palpable stall, not eligible to vote in the November 3 to protract and drag out this investiga­ election. tion of Justice Douglas until this House APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS TO is out of session and it is too late to do THE NATIONAL PARKS CENTEN­ anything about it in this 9lst Congress. CALL OF THE HOUSE NIAL COMMISSION Mr. Speaker, the charges that have Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I make the The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro­ been made are quite serious ones. I be­ point of order that a quorum is not visions of section 2(a), Public Law 91- lieve testimony should be taken under present.