DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphological and Genetical Variability of Cyanobacteria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphological and Genetical Variability of Cyanobacteria Palacký University Olomouc Faculty of Science Department of Botany Morphological and genetical variability of cyanobacteria Ph.D. Thesis Mgr. Petr Dvořák Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Aloisie Poulíčková, CSc. Olomouc 2013 Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Aloisie Poulíčková for her friendly and professional supervision. I am also grateful to Doc. Petr Hašler who helped me get through the complicated microcosm of cyanobacterial evolution. I thank my colleagues Dr. Jeff Johansen and Melissa Vaccarino who introduced me to molecular techniques. Finally, gratitude goes to my colleagues from the Departments of Botany and Ecology who provided a friendly and inspiring environment for my research. Declaration I declare that this Ph.D. thesis has been written solely by myself. All the sources quoted in this work are listed in the “Reference” sections. All published results included in this thesis have been approved by the co-authors. In Olomouc, 16th January, 2013 Mgr. Petr Dvořák Abstract Recent discoveries point to the significance of cyanobacteria as primary producers in diverse ecosystems. However, given their enormous diversity, the majority remain uncharacterized. In this thesis, I have investigated the morphological and molecular features of benthic and aerophytic cyanobacteria and explored the global spatial and temporal patterns of their dispersal within free-living cyanobacteria. The taxonomy of Nodularia sphaerocarpa, N. harveyana, and N. moravica was investigated by a combination of 16S rRNA sequencing, AFLP and ecophysiological experiments using a gradient of salinity. Ecophysiological experiments revealed that N. sphaerocarpa together with N. moravica are more sensitive to higher salinity while, N. harveyana is less sensitive and its morphology (i.e. cell width) is more stable. The status of N. moravica, previously only described according to morphology, was confirmed by molecular data. In conclusion, there is convincing evidence for the importance of ecological parameters in the taxonomy of cyanobacteria. Epipelic cyanobacteria of genera Microcoleus, Phormidium and Geitlerinema sampled from European lakes were investigated. Microcoleus vaginatus and Phormidium autumnale are a monophyletic complex of species which should be revised as neither belong to the original genus. M. vaginatus isolated from desert soil crusts clustered together with epipelic isolates based on 16S rRNA. Only 16S-23S ITS secondary structures could be used to differentiate between such dissimilar habitats. P. formosum was confirmed as a genuine species by molecular markers. Moreover, there may be two cryptic species. It had been suggested that genus Geitlerinema is polyphyletic. 16S rRNA phylogeny showed three groups spread within cyanobacteria. G. splendidum, G. carotinusum, and G. pseudacutissimum formed separate clusters but their original assignment to Pseudanabaenaceae was challenged because all studied species were closely related to Phormidiaceae. The new genus Johansenia was derived from the epipelic genus Komvophron based on sequences of 16S rRNA and 16S-23S ITS obtained by Single Filament PCR optimized for epipelic cyanobacteria. The phylogeny revealed the position of Johansenia within Pseudanabaenaceae. Moreover, the validity of K. hindakii was confirmed but it clustered together with members of the Gomontiellaceae. In conclusion, the genus Komvophoron is a polyphyletic group which deserves more attention. Global spatial and temporal dispersal patterns of M. vaginatus were characterized by phylogeny of 16S rRNA, 16S-23S ITS and molecular clock based dating. The first evidence for geographical isolation within free-living, non-extremophylic cyanobacteria on a continental level was found. However, dating analysis revealed that the geographical barriers have not been permanent over time. Dating analysis proves to be a unique way of dating the divergence of cyanobacterial species. Abstrakt Sinice jsou významnými primárními producenty v široké škále akvatických i terestrických ekosystémů. Nicméně diverzita sinic je natolik rozsáhlá, že většina z ní zůstává nepopsaná. V této dizertační práci byla zkoumána morfologická a molekulární diverzita bentických a aerofytických sinic. Navíc byly zkoumány globální prostorové a časové změny v rozšíření volně žijících sinic. Kombinace sekvenovaní 16S rRNA, AFLP analýzy a ekofyziologických experimentů v gradientu salinity byla využita k získání nových poznatků z taxonomie druhů Nodularia sphaerocarpa, N. harveyana, a N. moravica. N. sphaerocarpa a N. moravica mají podle ekofyziologických experimentů vyšší senzitivitu ke zvýšené úrovni salinity. Oproti tomu N. harveyana je méně citlivá a navíc morfologie (šířka buňky) je v gradientu salinity stabilnější. N. moravica byla původně popsána pouze na základě morfologie. Validita tohoto druhu byla potvrzena s použitím molekulárních dat. Ekofyziologické experimenty také poskytly přesvědčivý důkaz o důležitosti ekologických parametrů v taxonomii sinic. Byly analyzovány epipelické sinice rodů Microcoleus, Phormidium a Geitlerinema izolované z evropských jezer. Microcoleus vaginatus a Phormidium autumnale tvoří monofyletický komplex druhů, který by měl být podroben revizi, protože ani jeden z těchto druhů nenáleží do původního rodu. Kmeny M. vaginatus izolované z pouštních krust náležely do stejného kladu s epipelickými izoláty na základě analýzy 16S rRNA. Kmeny bylo možné rozlišit pouze na základě sekundárních struktur v 16S-23S ITS. Druh P. formosum byl potvrzen s použitím molekulárních dat. Navíc byly v rámci P. formosum klastru identifikovány dva pravděpodobně kryptické druhy. Rod Geitlerinema byl již v minulosti shledán polyfyletickým. Toto bylo potvrzeno fylogenetickou analýzou 16S rRNA, kde byly nalezeny tři separátní linie v rámci sinic. G. splendidum, G. carotinusum, a G. pseudacutissimum tvořily oddělené linie, které byly blízce příbuzné k čeledi Phormidiaceae, ačkoliv byly původně řazeny do Pseudanabaenaceaea. Pomocí sekvencí 16S rRNA a 16S-23S ITS získaných Single Filament PCR optimalizovaných pro epipelické vzorky byl oddělen nový rod Johansenia od rodu Komvophoron. Johansenia náleží na základě fylogenetické analýzy do čeledí Pseudanabaenaceae. Původně morfologický popsaný druh K. hindakii byl potvrzen fylogenetickou analýzou 16S rRNA, podle které náležel k členům čeledi Gomontiellaceae. Rod Komvophoron je tedy polyfyletická skupina zasluhující větší pozornost. Fylogenetická analýza a molekulární hodiny založené na 16S rRNA a 16S-23S ITS byly využity na charakterizování globálních prostorových a časových bariér rozšíření M. vaginatus. Tímto byl získán první důkaz pro existenci geografické izolace u volně žijících neextrémofilních sinic. Nicméně geografické bariéry neměly permanentní charakter. Navíc tato studie přináší unikátní vyobrazení datování divergence druhů u sinic. Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.1. Taxonomy of cyanobacteria: an overview ........................................................................ 9 1.2. Molecular markers used in taxonomy of cyanobacteria ................................................. 11 1.3. Some problematic generic/species complexes in this study ........................................... 12 1.3.1. Benthic Nodularia ................................................................................................... 12 1.3.2. Genera Phormidium and Microcoleus ..................................................................... 13 1.3.3. Genus Geitlerinema ................................................................................................. 14 1.3.4. Genus Komvophoron ............................................................................................... 14 1.4. Ecology of benthic and aerophytic cyanobacteria .......................................................... 15 1.4.1. Microbial mats: a general view ............................................................................... 15 1.4.2. Cyanobacterial mats of saline environments ........................................................... 15 1.4.3. Epipelic communities .............................................................................................. 16 1.4.4. Soil communities ..................................................................................................... 16 1.5. Biogeography of cyanobacteria ...................................................................................... 17 2. Aims ...................................................................................................................................... 19 3. Conclusions and future prospects .......................................................................................... 20 3.1. Polyphasic characterization of the benthic Nodularia .................................................... 20 3.2. Morphological and molecular diversity of some common epipelic cyanobacteria ........ 20 3.3. Molecular diversity of Komvophron based on Single Filament PCR ............................. 22 3.4. A phylogeography of the Microcoleus vaginatus ........................................................... 23 4. References ............................................................................................................................. 25 5. List of papers included in the thesis ...................................................................................... 31 1. Introduction
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Periphytic Cyanobacteria in Different Environments from the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, Brazil. Introduction
    Periphytic Cyanobacteria in different environments from the upper Paraná river floodplain, Brazil. FONSECA1, I.A. & RODRIGUES2, L. 1,2 Periphyton Ecology, Research Nucleus in Limnology, Ichthyology, and Aquiculture- Nupélia/ PEA/UEM, State University of Maringá, Avenue Colombo, 5790 – 87020-900 Maringá–Pr, Brazil. e-mail: 1 [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT: Periphytic Cyanobacteria in different environments from the upper Paraná river floodplain, Brazil. The periphytic cyanobacteria community from the upper Paraná river floodplain was studied in two hydrological periods during 2001. In total, 137 taxa were registered, organized in 42 genera, 15 families and 4 orders. Of those, 70 taxa were not previously registered for the upper Paraná river floodplain. Despite the anual variability and anthropogenic impacts, the floodplain is characterized by two distinct periods, high and low waters. The environments presenting the largest numbers of taxa, in decreasing order, during the high water period were Pau Véio backwater, Clara lagoon, Cortado channel and Garças lagoon. However, during low waters, these environments were Clara lagoon, Pau Véio backwater, Cortado channel and Garças lagoon. Considering indicator value index species -INDVAL (simple method to find indicator species and species assemblages characterizing groups of samples), five species can be presumed as indicators for hydrological periods (Calothrix brevissima G.S. West, Leptolyngbya perelegans (Lemmermann) Anagnostidis & Komárek, Lyngbya sp., Merismopedia tenuissima Lemmermann and Oscillatoria limosa Agardh ex Gomont) according to the specie’s morphologies. Key-words: Cyanobacteria, Floodplain, Paraná River, Periphyton. RESUMO: Cianobactérias perifíticas em diferentes ambientes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil. A comunidade de cianobactérias perifíticas na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná foi estudada em dois períodos hidrológicos durante o ano de 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Structure and Function of High-Temperature Chlorophototrophic Microbial Mats Inhabiting Diverse Geothermal Environments
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 03 June 2013 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00106 Community structure and function of high-temperature chlorophototrophic microbial mats inhabiting diverse geothermal environments Christian G. Klatt 1,2†,William P.Inskeep 1,2*, Markus J. Herrgard 3, Zackary J. Jay 1,2, Douglas B. Rusch4, Susannah G.Tringe 5, M. Niki Parenteau 6,7, David M. Ward 1,2, Sarah M. Boomer 8, Donald A. Bryant 9,10 and Scott R. Miller 11 1 Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA 2 Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA 3 Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Hørsholm, Denmark 4 Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA 5 Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA 6 Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA 7 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA 8 Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR, USA 9 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 10 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA 11 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA Edited by: Six phototrophic microbial mat communities from different geothermal springs (YNP) were Martin G. Klotz, University of North studied using metagenome sequencing and geochemical analyses. The primary goals of Carolina at Charlotte, USA this work were to determine differences in community composition of high-temperature Reviewed by: Andreas Teske, University of North phototrophic mats distributed across theYellowstone geothermal ecosystem, and to iden- Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA tify metabolic attributes of predominant organisms present in these communities that may Jesse Dillon, California State correlate with environmental attributes important in niche differentiation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eastern Nebraska Salt Marsh Microbiome Is Well Adapted to an Alkaline and Extreme Saline Environment
    life Article The Eastern Nebraska Salt Marsh Microbiome Is Well Adapted to an Alkaline and Extreme Saline Environment Sierra R. Athen, Shivangi Dubey and John A. Kyndt * College of Science and Technology, Bellevue University, Bellevue, NE 68005, USA; [email protected] (S.R.A.); [email protected] (S.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The Eastern Nebraska Salt Marshes contain a unique, alkaline, and saline wetland area that is a remnant of prehistoric oceans that once covered this area. The microbial composition of these salt marshes, identified by metagenomic sequencing, appears to be different from well-studied coastal salt marshes as it contains bacterial genera that have only been found in cold-adapted, alkaline, saline environments. For example, Rubribacterium was only isolated before from an Eastern Siberian soda lake, but appears to be one of the most abundant bacteria present at the time of sampling of the Eastern Nebraska Salt Marshes. Further enrichment, followed by genome sequencing and metagenomic binning, revealed the presence of several halophilic, alkalophilic bacteria that play important roles in sulfur and carbon cycling, as well as in nitrogen fixation within this ecosystem. Photosynthetic sulfur bacteria, belonging to Prosthecochloris and Marichromatium, and chemotrophic sulfur bacteria of the genera Sulfurimonas, Arcobacter, and Thiomicrospira produce valuable oxidized sulfur compounds for algal and plant growth, while alkaliphilic, sulfur-reducing bacteria belonging to Sulfurospirillum help balance the sulfur cycle. This metagenome-based study provides a baseline to understand the complex, but balanced, syntrophic microbial interactions that occur in this unique Citation: Athen, S.R.; Dubey, S.; inland salt marsh environment.
    [Show full text]
  • DOMAIN Bacteria PHYLUM Cyanobacteria
    DOMAIN Bacteria PHYLUM Cyanobacteria D Bacteria Cyanobacteria P C Chroobacteria Hormogoneae Cyanobacteria O Chroococcales Oscillatoriales Nostocales Stigonematales Sub I Sub III Sub IV F Homoeotrichaceae Chamaesiphonaceae Ammatoideaceae Microchaetaceae Borzinemataceae Family I Family I Family I Chroococcaceae Borziaceae Nostocaceae Capsosiraceae Dermocarpellaceae Gomontiellaceae Rivulariaceae Chlorogloeopsaceae Entophysalidaceae Oscillatoriaceae Scytonemataceae Fischerellaceae Gloeobacteraceae Phormidiaceae Loriellaceae Hydrococcaceae Pseudanabaenaceae Mastigocladaceae Hyellaceae Schizotrichaceae Nostochopsaceae Merismopediaceae Stigonemataceae Microsystaceae Synechococcaceae Xenococcaceae S-F Homoeotrichoideae Note: Families shown in green color above have breakout charts G Cyanocomperia Dactylococcopsis Prochlorothrix Cyanospira Prochlorococcus Prochloron S Amphithrix Cyanocomperia africana Desmonema Ercegovicia Halomicronema Halospirulina Leptobasis Lichen Palaeopleurocapsa Phormidiochaete Physactis Key to Vertical Axis Planktotricoides D=Domain; P=Phylum; C=Class; O=Order; F=Family Polychlamydum S-F=Sub-Family; G=Genus; S=Species; S-S=Sub-Species Pulvinaria Schmidlea Sphaerocavum Taxa are from the Taxonomicon, using Systema Natura 2000 . Triochocoleus http://www.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/TaxonTree.aspx?id=71022 S-S Desmonema wrangelii Palaeopleurocapsa wopfnerii Pulvinaria suecica Key Genera D Bacteria Cyanobacteria P C Chroobacteria Hormogoneae Cyanobacteria O Chroococcales Oscillatoriales Nostocales Stigonematales Sub I Sub III Sub
    [Show full text]
  • BBA - Bioenergetics 1860 (2019) 461–468
    BBA - Bioenergetics 1860 (2019) 461–468 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect BBA - Bioenergetics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bbabio Phospholipid distributions in purple phototrophic bacteria and LH1-RC core complexes T S. Nagatsumaa, K. Gotoua, T. Yamashitaa, L.-J. Yub, J.-R. Shenb, M.T. Madiganc, Y. Kimurad, ⁎ Z.-Y. Wang-Otomoa, a Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-8512, Japan b Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan c Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA d Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: In contrast to plants, algae and cyanobacteria that contain glycolipids as the major lipid components in their Thermochromatium tepidum photosynthetic membranes, phospholipids are the dominant lipids in the membranes of anoxygenic purple Light-harvesting phototrophic bacteria. Although the phospholipid compositions in whole cells or membranes are known for a Reaction center limited number of the purple bacteria, little is known about the phospholipids associated with individual Antenna complex photosynthetic complexes. In this study, we investigated the phospholipid distributions in both membranes and Cardiolipin the light-harvesting 1-reaction center (LH1-RC) complexes purified from several purple sulfur and nonsulfur bacteria. 31P NMR was used for determining the phospholipid compositions and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was used for measuring the total phosphorous contents. Combining these two techniques, we could determine the numbers of specific phospholipids in the purified LH1-RC complexes. A total of approximate 20–30 phospholipids per LH1-RC were detected as the tightly bound lipids in all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Anoxygenic Phototrophs in Contrasting Extreme Environments
    ÓäÎ ÛiÀÃÌÞÊvÊÝÞ}iVÊ* ÌÌÀ« ÃÊÊ ÌÀ>ÃÌ}Ê ÝÌÀiiÊ ÛÀiÌà -ICHAEL4-ADIGAN \$EBORAH/*UNG\%LIZABETH!+ARR 7-ATTHEW3ATTLEY\,AURIE!!CHENBACH\-ARCEL4*VANDER-EER $EPARTMENTOF-ICROBIOLOGY 3OUTHERN)LLINOIS5NIVERSITY #ARBONDALE $EPARTMENTOF-ICROBIOLOGY /HIO3TATE5NIVERSITY #OLUMBUS $EPARTMENTOF-ARINE"IOGEOCHEMISTRYAND4OXICOLOGY .ETHERLANDS)NSTITUTEFOR3EA2ESEARCH.)/: $EN"URG 4EXEL 4HE.ETHERLANDS #ORRESPONDING!UTHOR $EPARTMENTOF-ICROBIOLOGY 3OUTHERN)LLINOIS5NIVERSITY #ARBONDALE ), 0HONE&AX% MAILMADIGAN MICROSIUEDU Óä{ "/ ,Ê ""9Ê Ê " -/,9Ê Ê9 "7-/" Ê /" Ê*, -/, /ÊÊ 4HISCHAPTERDESCRIBESTHEGENERALPROPERTIESOFSEVERALANOXYGENICPHOTOTROPHICBACTERIAISOLATEDFROMEXTREMEENVIRONMENTS 4HESEINCLUDEPURPLEANDGREENSULFURBACTERIAFROM9ELLOWSTONEAND.EW:EALANDHOTSPRINGS ASWELLASPURPLENONSULFUR BACTERIAFROMAPERMANENTLYFROZEN!NTARCTICLAKE4HECOLLECTIVEPROPERTIESOFTHESEEXTREMOPHILICBACTERIAHAVEYIELDEDNEW INSIGHTSINTOTHEADAPTATIONSNECESSARYTOCARRYOUTPHOTOSYNTHESISINCONSTANTLYHOTORCOLDENVIRONMENTS iÞÊ7À`à Ì>ÀVÌVÊ ÀÞÊ6>iÞà ÀL>VÕÕÊ­ ÀLÕ®Ê Ìi«`Õ «ÕÀ«iÊL>VÌiÀ> , `viÀ>ÝÊ>Ì>ÀVÌVÕà ,ÃiyiÝÕÃÊë° / iÀV À>ÌÕÊÌi«`Õ Diversity of Anoxygenic Phototrophs 205 1.0 INTRODUCTION Antarctic purple bacteria were enriched using standard Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria inhabit a variety liquid enrichment methods (Madigan 1988) from the of extreme environments, including thermal, polar, water column of Lake Fryxell, a permanently frozen lake hypersaline, acidic, and alkaline aquatic and terrestrial in the Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica habitats (Madigan 2003). Typically, one finds
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversidad De Cianobacterias En Ríos De La Comunidad De Madrid
    UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA BIODIVERSIDAD DE CIANOBACTERIAS EN RÍOS DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID. ANÁLISIS POLIFÁSICO Y APLICACIÓN EN BIOMONITORIZACIÓN. TESIS DOCTORAL Virginia Loza Calvo Madrid, 2011 Memoria presentada para optar al Grado de Doctor de Ciencias Madrid, a 10 de Mayo de 2011 Fdo. Virginia Loza Calvo Licenciada en Ciencias Ambientales DIRECTORA Fdo. Dra. Pilar Mateo Ortega Catedrática Dpto. Biología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el Departamento de Biología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, bajo la dirección de la doctora Pilar Mateo Ortega (Catedrática. UAM). Financiado por el proyecto C.A.M.: S-0505/AMB/0321. A mi familia _______________ABREVIATURAS Y ACRÓNIMOS ABREVIATURAS Y ACRÓNIMOS AAN – medio Allen y Arnon BLAST – acrónimo del inglés Basic Local Alignment and Search Tool BSA – albúmina de suero bovino del inglés “bovine serum albumine” CTAB - N-Cetil-N,N,N-Trimetilamonio bromuro DGGE – electroforesis en geles desnaturalizantes por gradiente químico del inglés Desnaturing gradient gel electrophoresis dNTPs – desoxinucleótidos trifosfatos EDTA - ácido etileno diamino tetra acético, acrónimo del inglés ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid HEPES - N-(2-Hidroxietil) piperazina- N’-(2-ácido etanosulfónico) kb – kilo bases L - litro LB – iniciales de las palabras inglesas Lysogeny broth (caldo lisogénico) ML – maximum likelihood MP – maximum parsimony NCBI – acrónimo del inglés Nacional Center for Biotechnology Information NID – nitrógeno inorgánico
    [Show full text]
  • Predictive Modeling of Microcystin Concentrations in Drinking Water Treatment Systems Of
    Predictive Modeling of Microcystin Concentrations in Drinking Water Treatment Systems of Ohio and their Potential Health Effects Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By: Traven A. Wood, B.S. Graduate Program in Public Health The Ohio State University 2019 Thesis Committee: Mark H. Weir (Adviser) Jiyoung Lee Allison MacKay Copyright by Traven Aldin Wood 2019 Abstract Cyanobacteria present significant public health and engineering challenges due to their expansive growth and potential synthesis of microcystins in surface waters that are used as a drinking water source. Eutrophication of surface waters coupled with favorable climatic conditions can create ideal growth environments for these organisms to develop what is known as a cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (cHAB). Development of methods to predict the presence and impact of microcystins in drinking water treatment systems is a complex process due to system uncertainties. This research developed two predictive models, first to estimate microcystin concentrations at a water treatment intake, second, to estimate the risks of finished water detections after treatment and resultant health effects to consumers. The first model uses qPCR data to adjust phycocyanin measurements to improve predictive linear regression relationships. Cyanobacterial 16S rRNA and mcy genes provide a quantitative means of measuring and detecting potentially toxic genera/speciess of a cHAB. Phycocyanin is a preferred predictive tool because it can be measured in real-time, but the drawback is that it cannot distinguish between toxic genera/speciess of a bloom. Therefore, it was hypothesized that genus specific ratios using qPCR data could be used to adjust phycocyanin measurements, making them more specific to the proportion of the bloom that is producing toxin.
    [Show full text]
  • Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacterial Diversity Within Wastewater Stabilization Plant During ‘Red Water’ Phenomenon
    Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2013) 10:837–846 DOI 10.1007/s13762-012-0163-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Anoxygenic phototrophic bacterial diversity within wastewater stabilization plant during ‘red water’ phenomenon A. Belila • I. Fazaa • A. Hassen • A. Ghrabi Received: 22 November 2011 / Revised: 2 October 2012 / Accepted: 21 October 2012 / Published online: 13 February 2013 Ó Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2013 Abstract The molecular diversity of the purple photo- Introduction synthetic bacteria was assessed during temporal pigmen- tation changes in four interconnected wastewater Wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) are an extremely stabilization ponds treating domestic wastewater by dena- effective, natural form of wastewater treatment. They turant gel gradient electrophoresis method applying pufM combine simplicity, robustness, low cost, and a very high gene. Results revealed high phylogenetic diversity of the degree of disinfection. WSPs are usually designed as one or purple phototrophic anoxygenic bacteria community char- more series of anaerobic, facultative, and maturation acterized by the presence of the purple non-sulfur, purple ponds. Their low operation and maintenance costs have sulfur, and purple aerobic photosynthetic anoxygenic bac- made them a popular choice for wastewater treatment, teria. This phototrophic bacterial assemblage was domi- particularly in developing countries since there is little nated by the purple non-sulfur bacteria group (59.3 %) need for specialized skills to operate the system. One of the with six different genera followed by the purple sulfur major problems which can cause malfunction of the WSP community (27.8 %) with four genera and finally 12.9 % is the massive growth of purple color producing bacteria of the pufM gene sequences were assigned throughout the (Belila et al.
    [Show full text]
  • New Record of Cyanoprokaryotes from West Bengal in Maldah District
    ISSN (E): 2349 – 1183 ISSN (P): 2349 – 9265 4(3): 421–432, 2017 DOI: 10.22271/tpr.201 7.v4.i3 .056 Research article New record of Cyanoprokaryotes from West Bengal in Maldah district Pratibha Gupta Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, AJCBIBG, CNH Building, Botanic Garden, Howrah-711103, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 22 November 2017] Abstract: Systematic survey and collection of Cyanoprokaryotes were carried out from different water bodies of Maldah District, West Bengal. During survey samples were sampled from 55 different water bodies of this area comprising 05 sites in rivers, 32 bils, 07 dighis, 02 Jheels, 09 ponds for which surveyed all administrative blocks of Maldah District namely Ratua I, Ratua II, Harishchandrapur I, Harishchandrapur II, Chanchal I, Chanchal II, Manikchak, Gazol, Habibpur, Bamangola, Old Maldah, English Bazar and Kaliachak. During the study, altogether 22 genera and 105 species (comprising 93 species, 09 varieties and 03 forms) were identified from different types of water bodies of Maldah District. Out of these 105, 27 species have been recorded from West Bengal. These species have been described here along with nomenclature and distribution. Keywords: Cyanoprokaryotes - New Record - Maldah District - West Bengal. [Cite as: Gupta P (2017) New record of Cyanoprokaryotes from West Bengal in Maldah district. Tropical Plant Research 4(3): 421–432] INTRODUCTION Maldah district is one of important district among 19 districts of West Bengal. The major river the Ganges flows along south-western boundary of the district followed by another major rivers like Mahananda, Fulhar and Kalindri.
    [Show full text]
  • (Cyanobacterial Genera) 2014, Using a Polyphasic Approach
    Preslia 86: 295–335, 2014 295 Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach Taxonomické hodnocení cyanoprokaryot (cyanobakteriální rody) v roce 2014 podle polyfázického přístupu Jiří K o m á r e k1,2,JanKaštovský2, Jan M a r e š1,2 & Jeffrey R. J o h a n s e n2,3 1Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, CZ-37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected]; 2Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; 3Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, Cleveland, OH 44118, USA Komárek J., Kaštovský J., Mareš J. & Johansen J. R. (2014): Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach. – Preslia 86: 295–335. The whole classification of cyanobacteria (species, genera, families, orders) has undergone exten- sive restructuring and revision in recent years with the advent of phylogenetic analyses based on molecular sequence data. Several recent revisionary and monographic works initiated a revision and it is anticipated there will be further changes in the future. However, with the completion of the monographic series on the Cyanobacteria in Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, and the recent flurry of taxonomic papers describing new genera, it seems expedient that a summary of the modern taxonomic system for cyanobacteria should be published. In this review, we present the status of all currently used families of cyanobacteria, review the results of molecular taxonomic studies, descriptions and characteristics of new orders and new families and the elevation of a few subfamilies to family level.
    [Show full text]
  • Abiotic and Biotic Influences on Travertine Formation at Mammoth
    Sedimentology (2011) 58, 170–219 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2010.01209.x Hot-spring Systems Geobiology: abiotic and biotic influences on travertine formation at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, USA BRUCE W. FOUKE Departments of Geology, Microbiology, and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1301 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Leon Johnson Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA (E-mail: [email protected]) Associate Editor – Jim Best ABSTRACT Multiple abiotic and biotic factors combine in nature to influence the formation of calcium carbonate limestone deposits. Systems Geobiology studies of how micro-organisms respond to, or sometimes even control, the coupled effects of environmental change and mineralization will permit more accurate interpretation of the fossil record of ancient microbial life. Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park, USA, serves as a natural laboratory for tracking how the dynamic interplay of physical, chemical and biological factors come together to form hot-spring limestone (called ‘travertine’). Systematic downstream correlations occur at Mammoth Hot Springs between travertine deposition (geomorphology, crystalline structure and geochemistry), microbial communities (mat morphology, pigmentation, and phylogenetic and metabolic diversity) and spring-water conditions (temperature, pH, geochemistry and flow). Field-based microscale and mesoscale experimentation indicates that microbes directly influence travertine growth rate and crystalline structure. At the macroscale, time-lapse field photography and numerical modelling suggest that travertine terrace geomorphology is influenced strongly by hydrology, heat dispersion and geochemistry. These results from Mammoth Hot Springs allow establishment of a conceptual framework across broad spatial and temporal scales in which to track how multiple geological and biological factors combine to control CaCO3 crystal precipitation and the resulting formation of travertine deposits.
    [Show full text]